Overview of the Boeing Company (THE BOEING COMPANY). Boeing history

Boeing is one of the largest corporations in the world, which is engaged in the creation of new aviation technology. It also produces military equipment and equipment for the space industry. This company is located in the USA, namely in the city of Chicago.

The company consists of two huge divisions that work on the creation of various equipment. The first division of the Boeing company is designated as Commercial Airplanes and is working on the creation of equipment for civil use, and the second division of Integrated Defense is aimed at developing space technologies and equipment for military use. There is also a department that develops innovative technologies, which allows the company to keep up with the times.

As for the production itself, it is scattered across several US cities. The most powerful centers are located in California and in the city of Everett.

The history of the creation and development of the Boeing Corporation

The entire history of the company's formation can be conditionally divided into certain time stages, since this company has suffered both ups and downs in its activities.

The first stage can be considered the creation and first steps of the company, it lasted until the 30s of the last century. The first achievement of the designers was the creation of two seaplanes of the B&W type, which were able to take off in the early summer of 1916. These machines were created by the joint efforts of two designers, namely W. Boeing and engineer D. Conrad. And a month after the first flight of the machines, these designers organized their own company called the Pacific Aero Company. But this name lasted only until May 1917, after which it was replaced by boeing air plane. The great advantage of the chief designer, W. Boeing, was that he had a great store of knowledge, since he graduated from Yale University, and also worked for some time in the forestry industry. All this helped him a lot in creating the first aircraft from wood.

The next stage of development took from 1930 to 1940s. The US government was aimed at actively developing and increasing the country's combat power in connection with the Second World War. Due to this, the Boeing company worked with great productivity, mainly bombers were manufactured in large quantities. During this period, almost only women worked at the factories, since men took an active part in hostilities. The production of aircraft went at an accelerated pace, every month in 1944 the company produced more than 350 such aircraft. As for the production itself, the factories were camouflaged with greenery, which made it possible to protect them from enemy air strikes.

During these years almost all aviation enterprises countries were united into one whole, which made it possible to create much faster and better combat vehicles. Boeing's most famous aircraft were the B-17 Flying and B-29, which were assembled simultaneously at several factories.

From 1950 to the 1970s, the company had a fairly active development, a large number of aircraft of various classes were developed. In the early 50s, the first jet-powered bomber was created, this was a breakthrough in the aircraft industry. This machine had the designation Boeing B-47, and a more advanced device was also developed with the designation B-52. It is the B-52 Stratofortress aircraft that is a symbol of the Cold War, since at that time an arms race between countries was actively carried out.

In the mid-60s, the Boeing company created the first jet aircraft for transporting passengers, it was the Boeing 367-80. He first took to the air in July 1964. It was this model that paved the way for almost all passenger airliners of the 700 series.

During this time, it was developed and manufactured passenger airliner Boeing 737. It is the most massive among all jet aircraft designed to carry passengers. Until 2013, more than 7.6 thousand of these machines were built. Until 1969, another one was ready passenger liner Boeing 747. It was already an apparatus with two decks, it had a wide fuselage. All this has done this car the largest and heaviest in the world, it could carry the largest number of passengers. Such indicators lasted for him for 37 years from the moment of construction. This record was broken only in 2005 by an aircraft of the A380 type.

Boeing aircraft

Boeing (Boeing)– USA, Chicago

In the decade leading up to 1990, a whole series of passenger ships 700 series. The most famous and high-quality machines of this time were the Boeing 767 aircraft. They differed in that they had two jet engines, which were characterized by high efficiency indicators. It was an intermediate model between the huge 747 and the small Boeing 757. The latter was created to replace the old 727th model. He first took to the air in the winter of 1982 and was mass-produced until 2004.

In the early 90s and until 2010, Boeing was most actively and efficiently developing new technologies to improve its creations. So, the Boeing 777 type airliner was created in 1994, which is designed for long-distance flights from big amount passengers on board. He set a record for flight range - 21 thousand kilometers. 1997 saw significant expansion for the company as Boeing took over another American aircraft giant called McDonnell Douglas.

Boeing helicopters

Boeing (Boeing) USA, Chicago.
Sikorsky Aircraft- USA.

During the period from 2004 to 2009, a whole line of qualitatively new and economical aircraft with two jet engines was created. These devices have a wide fuselage, which allows you to place significantly more passengers, they are designated as "Boeing 787 Dreamliner". This machine is the most economical among all previous devices of this corporation.

The Boeing company produced many other aircraft that also deserve high marks in terms of flight and economical performance. We should not forget about products that are manufactured for the military and space industries.

The main activities of the Boeing company

On this moment the corporation is engaged in the design and manufacture of aviation equipment for civil needs and the transportation of passengers, in addition, military and space aviation equipment is being actively developed. This company is the main competitor of the world-famous Airbus, which is also engaged in civil aircraft industry. In addition, the Boeing company is developing helicopters for various purposes and participates in state space programs.

The production of equipment is carried out simultaneously in 67 countries of our planet. And they sell their products to 145 countries. As for partners and suppliers, Boeing cooperates with more than 5.2 thousand companies from all over the world. At the beginning of 2001, a separate division was organized to control work in the branches of the corporation. This department is developing a strategic plan further development companies, which will allow you to bypass competitors and achieve maximum profit.

United States: Chicago

James McNerney (Chairman and President)

aircraft industry, space engineering

▲ $3.3 billion (2010)

160.5 thousand people (January 2011)

The Boeing Company is an American corporation. One of the world's largest manufacturers of aviation, space and military equipment. The headquarters is located in Chicago (Illinois, USA).

The corporation consists of two main divisions: Boeing Commercial Airplanes (civilian products) and Integrated Defense Systems (military products). In addition, the corporation includes Boeing Capital Corporation (issues of project financing), Shared Services Group (infrastructure support) and Boeing Engineering, Operations & Technology (development, acquisition and implementation of innovative technologies and processes).

Main production capacity The companies are located in the following cities: Everett (Washington State), California, St. Louis (Missouri State).

Story

Boeing has two major divisions:

• Boeing Commercial Airplanes involved in construction civil aircraft;
• Integrated Defense Systems, carrying out space and military programs.

The company's factories are located in 67 countries around the world. The company supplies its products to 145 countries of the world. Boeing works with more than 5,200 suppliers in 100 countries.

Competition with Airbus

Boeing in Russia

Since 1993, the Scientific and Technical Center (NTC), as well as the Boeing Design Center, have been operating in Moscow, leading scientific and engineering developments for the needs of the company. Especially for testing components of Boeing aircraft at the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute. prof. N. E. Zhukovsky (TsAGI) in the city of Zhukovsky a unique test bench was built.

Since 1997, the Verkhnyaya Salda Metallurgical Production Association VSMPO Avisma has been supplying 25% of the titanium used by Boeing for the production of civil aircraft.

Since July 2009, Ural Boeing Manufacturing, a joint venture between VSMPO-AVISMA and Boeing, has been operating in Verkhnyaya Salda, Sverdlovsk Region. The company is engaged in the machining of titanium forgings for Boeing 787 Dreamliner and Boeing 737 aircraft.

Boeing opens plant in Russia November 23rd, 2017

Why am I doing all this...

Resident of the Special Economic Zone (SEZ) "Titanium Valley" in Sverdlovsk region- Ural Boeing Manufacturing (UBM, a joint venture between VSMPO-Avisma and Boeing) - will arrange the release aircraft accessories.

On November 23, UBM, a resident of the Titanium Valley, began importing machine tools from Japan to the special economic zone. The first batch of cargo will be delivered by road within a few days. Fives (USA). This will be one of the most modern plants in Russia, the launch of which is scheduled for the second half of next year," the administration of the Sverdlovsk region reports.

UBM will handle the rough and finish machining of titanium forgings. We are talking about parts of the fuselage, wing, pylons and landing gear for all models of Boeing aircraft: 737, 777 and 787 Dreamliner and 777X. Investments in the project will amount to 5.5 billion rubles, 230 jobs will be created here.

A customs post was opened in the Titanium Valley SEZ, and a free customs zone regime operates in the zone. UBM and Zibus will be the first residents to receive exemptions for equipment imports. US Ambassador to Russia John Huntsman said during a working trip to Yekaterinburg that the Ural Boeing Manufacturing project is "the most successful example of mutually beneficial Russian-American relations."

The head of Boeing in Russia and the CIS, Sergey Kravchenko, noted that the development of this enterprise "demonstrates the strengthening of the strategic partnership between the two countries and emphasizes the importance of mutually beneficial cooperation between Boeing and VSMPO-Avisma Corporation, as well as federal and regional authorities."

UBM has been operating in Verkhnyaya Salda, Sverdlovsk Region, since 2009. In 2012, Governor Evgeny Kuyvashev, during a meeting with Kravchenko, proposed considering the possibilities of the Titanium Valley SEZ for the development of joint projects between Boeing and VSMPO-Avisma.

The SEZ "Titanium Valley" is one of the ten industrial type SEZs in Russia. The priority projects of the "Titanium Valley" are the production of titanium products, parts and equipment for metallurgy, oil and gas engineering, space and aviation industries, the production of medical products and building materials. The SEZ has 13 residents.

And what do you think, is one of the reasons for such a “movement” of Boeing is that they are under the constant threat of sanctions already from our side? As far as I know, over the past 3 years, many foreign manufacturers have localized their production in Russia, including those who have already fallen under sanctions.

History of Boeing:

In 1903, an important event in the history of world aviation took place in the United States: on Kitty Hawk Beach in North Carolina The Wright brothers' airplane made the first flight in history. At the same time, in New Haven, Connecticut, 22-year-old William Boeing, the future founder of the Boeing Corporation, left the walls of Yale University and decided to go into business.

From the university, William Boeing headed "into the thicket of the forest." At the beginning of the 20th century, the timber trade was the second most profitable business in the United States after gold mining. The timber trade allowed William Boeing to quickly make a decent fortune, and in 1909 he was already one of the most respected citizens of Seattle. At the end of 1909, the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific trade show was held in Seattle, during which the inhabitants of the west coast saw for the first time a flying machine - a small airship. It was then that William Boeing realized that his heart belonged to aviation.

When a few months later, in the nearby town of Georgetown, demonstration flights took place on the new Curtiss Reims Racer airplane of the famous American aviation pioneer Charles Hamilton, Boeing specially went to see him perform. Hamilton's flights ended in an accident - on March 13, 1910, Hamilton's airplane crashed into a pond. The pilot did not die only by a miracle. What he saw did not cool the ardor of William Boeing, and he spent the next few years persuading one of the aviators to take him on a flight.

The dream remained unfulfilled until 1915, when fate brought Boeing together with kindred spirits - air flight enthusiasts Fleet Lieutenant Konrad Westervelt and pilot Tira Maroni. On a two-seat Maroni airplane, Boeing took to the air for the first time, and upon landing, he already knew for sure that he needed his own plane.

Boeing went to Los Angeles to study aircraft piloting with Glenn Martin, the unsurpassed authority of those years. He returned from Los Angeles in his own seaplane.

On the shores of Lake Union, Boeing rebuilt an old boat hangar for airplanes and organized the Pacific Aero Club, which gave everyone the opportunity to take an airplane ride for little money.

The design of Martin's hydroplane did not suit Boeing, and William decided to create his own aircraft.
Together with Westervelt, they found the self-taught engineer Herb Munter, who was experimenting with airplanes in his barn near Seattle, on the island of Duhemish. He helped develop the design of a new seaplane (named B&W after the first letters of the names of customers) and built the first two aircraft.

On July 15, 1916, William Boeing took to the air for the first time in his aircraft, and just a month later he registered the Pacific Aero Products Co. (later the company was renamed Boeing Airplane), which was supposed to build seaplanes for the US Navy. Boeing invested almost $ 100,000 in this company - gigantic money at that time.

With a diversification strategy manufactured by Boeing Airplane has mastered the postal market. And in 1927, having won the contract of the US Federal Post Office (the model 40-A aircraft won), Boeing became the world's first air mail carrier. To implement the project of postal and other transportation, the head of the company created the first service division - Boeing Air Transport. The first San Francisco-Chicago air transport route also began to function. But even this was not enough for the innovator. In 1929, a new three-engine model 80As aircraft for 12 passengers took to the skies. Flight attendants boarded the plane for the first time.

In 1930, William Boeing introduced the Monomail cargo-passenger car to the public (with streamlined shapes reminiscent of modern Boeings). Soon, the Boeing Airplane Company became the Boeing Airplane & Transport Corporation. New divisions also appeared: Boeing School of Aeronautics in Oakland, Boeing Aircraft of Canada, etc. The company assembled aircraft, built airfields, produced engines and propellers, trained pilots and aircraft technicians, and provided air transport services.

And on February 1, 1929, a real colossus was born - the United Aircraft & Transportation Corporation. The Boeing Corporation has become a powerful aircraft and transport empire, and its head is one of the richest and most successful businessmen in America.

In order to prevent autocracy in the air transport sector, the US Parliament passed a law in 1934 that destroyed the Boeing empire. new document forbade aircraft manufacturing firms to simultaneously be owners of both transport and postal companies. The huge holding broke up into:

• United Air Lines (air transportation)
• United Aircraft;
• Boeing Aircraft Company (construction of aircraft in the eastern and west coast America).

William Boeing for a long time could not recover from the blow: everything that was created with such difficulty was destroyed with one stroke of the pen. Broken and tired, the tycoon retired, deciding to watch his aviation offspring from the sidelines. The reins of government were handed over to friends and colleagues - Philip Johnson and Claremont Egtvedt. However, the life of a rentier did not correspond to the restless nature of Boeing. At the age of 53, he opened a new business. Thoroughbred breeding horses became his new passion.

After 1934 Boeing directed all its efforts to the development of new models of aircraft. In 1935, the Kaydet fighter was born, which became the main training aircraft of the US aviation. More than 10,000 of these machines were built. In 1936, Boeing entered into a contract with the PanAmerican airline and for many years became its main partner. In 1938, the passenger model 307 Stratoliner saw the light, which became the model aircraft for passenger lines for the next 10 years.

At the same time, the B-17 and B-29 bombers were developed, as well as the XPBB-1 Sea Ranger naval bomber.

During World War II, Boeing became the largest manufacturer of military aircraft in the world. At its facilities, not only B-17 and B-29 were assembled, but also aircraft developed by competitors - Douglas DC-7B attack aircraft. Air Fleet Allies, which dropped thousands of tons of bombs on Germany at the end of the war, was almost completely assembled at Boeing factories. The bomber that dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima is also the brainchild of Boeing.
The year 1944 entered the history of the company under the name "Battle of Kansas". This year, the Wichita assembly plant broke every conceivable performance record. Working in emergency mode, the plant produced up to 16 aircraft per day - a record that has not been broken so far.

After the war, orders dried up, for Boeing, hard times began again. In 1946, the company had to lay off 70,000 people. To the post CEO William Allen had to urgently look for ways out of the crisis. The company has begun work on new passenger aircraft, introduced models of new bombers to the US government and for the first time engaged in the production of ballistic missiles and surface-to-air interceptor missiles. Under Allen's leadership, the company began to produce the legendary B-52 "flying fortresses", KS-135 aerial tankers and the first American jet passenger aircraft model 707.

In 1958, three 707-120 aircraft were purchased by the US Air Force for the President of the country and his inner circle. This convoy was assigned the call signs Air force one. Since then, in most countries of the world, the plane of the president of the country is called "flight number one."

In 1960 Boeing Corporation began to develop the space direction. The first designs for the Dyna-Soar manned orbital station and the Saturn V launch vehicle for the Apollo program have emerged. In 1963, NASA chose Boeing to fly into lunar orbit and photograph the lunar surface from close range. This project was implemented in 1966, and in 1969 the Apollo 11 spacecraft, launched into orbit using the Saturn carrier, delivered astronauts to the moon.

In the early 60s, several major airlines turned to Boeing with a proposal to develop a mass-produced model of a jet aircraft capable of using the runways of small airports, performing a flight even if one engine failed, being more economical than the B-707, and easy to operate and maintain.

Thus, the Boeing 727 was created - a narrow-body medium-haul passenger aircraft. He made his first flight on February 9, 1963.

In 1967, the 737 liner went on its first flight, which was destined to become one of the best-selling aircraft in aviation history. Total number cars sold exceeded 2000 pieces.

In 1968, Boeing developed the largest, at that time, passenger liner 747. The world's first double-deck giant, which the company good-naturedly nicknamed the Jumbo Jet (Jumbo Jet).

With the 737 and 747, Boeing cemented its leadership in the aircraft manufacturing market and literally turned the airline industry around.

In the early 80s, two new Boeing models were born - the 757 and 767. The narrow-body 757 was created as a replacement for the aging 727. As for the Boeing 767, it was designed for medium and long-haul airlines. In addition, this aircraft has become a serious competitor to the Airbus A300, which is gaining popularity in Europe.

Almost until the mid-90s, Boeing improved its lineup, while the market situation, as well as competition with Airbus, McDonnell Douglas and Lockheed did not force the company to start developing a long-haul wide-body airliner with 400-500 seats.

So, in 1994, the Boeing 777 was born. For the first time, airlines and passengers took an active part in the development of this machine. Their opinion had the highest priority, and as a result, the resulting car, according to Boeing, became the most consumer-oriented car in the world.

By the end of the 1990s, it became clear that the Boeing 767 was outdated and could not compete with the new developments of rival Airbus, such as the Airbus A330. In 2001, Boeing announced the start of development of a new project, the Boeing Sonic Cruiser. The company promised that the new aircraft would be able to fly at near-sonic speeds while consuming no more fuel on average (due to shorter flight times) than a 767 or an A330. With the 9/11 terrorist attacks and rising oil prices, it became clear that airlines were more interested in fuel efficiency than speed, and the Sonic Cruiser project, which was also expensive and technologically complex, was put on hold.

Nevertheless, on January 28, 2005, Boeing presented its new project, the 787 Dreamliner, to the world. The aircraft replaced the Sonic Cruiser concept, inheriting many of the ideas and technologies of its predecessor.

The Boeing 787 is a wide-body airliner designed to carry from 296 to 350 passengers over a distance of up to 15,700 km. 787 was the first passenger aircraft to have a fuselage made entirely of composite materials. It first took to the air on December 15, 2009.

Today, there are about 12,000 Boeing jetliners in operation around the world, which is approximately 75% of the world's fleet.

The founder of the company, which is today the leader in the global aircraft manufacturing market, William Edward Boeing was born on October 1, 1881 in Detroit. Almost nothing is known about how his childhood goals went, but starting from the university, you can learn quite a lot about him. Boeing received his higher education not just anywhere, but in one of top universities USA. He was an engineering graduate from Yale University.

In 1903, when the fathers of aviation, the Wright brothers, made their first biplane flight, flying 36 meters in 12 seconds, young William Boeing was still a student. Idea to conquer air spaces he was inspired and five years later, in 1908, the future head of the corporation went to Los Angeles, where the first congress of American aviators was held.

By that time, William Boeing was already a well-established businessman and decided to attend the event in order to gain new experience and make useful acquaintances. The event was quite spectacular and the Boeing literally disappeared, falling in love with airplanes once and for all. It was then that he decided to devote his entire life to technology and the sky.

Company foundation history

Boeing returned from Los Angeles to Seattle and began to understand a new field for itself - aircraft construction. At first, it was not easy at all. The public was more than skeptical of the idea of ​​flying, and from time to time publications appeared in the press criticizing the nascent aviation.

The idea of ​​conquering the air was perceived as a kind of eccentricity (and not entirely harmless). And as for spending money on it... Many people seriously believed that investing in it was not just risky, but completely pointless. But Boeing was not deterred by the opinions of others.

Soon he was joined by George Westervelt, a former sailor who knew a little more about aeronautics than a companion: he completed courses at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Together they actively began to understand the design of airplanes and even made one joint flight.

Boeing's impressions were very vivid. But the most important, perhaps, was that he could not understand in any way how he managed to stay in the passenger seat, which was located ... on the wing of the biplane. In general, novice designers decided to make aircraft more comfortable.

The first prototype was a seaplane that Boeing and Westervelt assembled in a boat shed on the lake. When it came to testing, an experienced pilot was brought in, but things didn't go according to plan. Westervelt was forced to leave, leaving his companion alone, and the invited pilot was late. Boeing personally conducted the tests and they were so successful that it inspired the novice aircraft builder to continue working.

On July 15, 1916, he registered Pacific Aero Products, which after some time was called Boeing Airplane. Boeing already had start-up capital - before getting into aircraft, it was very successful in selling wood. So there was an opportunity to invite experienced specialists.

The first invited employees were: Tszyu Wong - designer, Claire Actweed and Philip Johnson - engineers. Boeing rented a wind tunnel from the University of Seattle to conduct streamlining tests. Also, carpenters, tailors, locksmiths were accepted into the company's staff: the fuselage of the first Boeings was wooden, and the wings were linen.

Boeing development

Boeing paid all expenses out of his own pocket until the First World War. When Boeing learned that the US Navy needed training aircraft, Jiu Wong quickly built a model seaplane, which they sent to the military. Those were satisfied and the company received the first large order - 50 cars.

After the war, Boeing had a very difficult time: military aircraft were no longer needed, and civil aviation it wasn't even that much yet. However, the businessman did not close the existing enterprise and did not fire the employees, but simply changed their profile. Now his company was engaged in the production of furniture and boats.

In 1919, Boeing transported 60 letters and parcels from Canada to Seattle on his plane. This marked the beginning of international airmail. In the 1920s, the army again needed airplanes and Boeing found itself in competition with Curtis Airplane & Motor Company. The first 15 aircraft models were not very successful, but with the 15th everything turned out differently - the aircraft assembled by the Boeing company turned out to be better and the company began to actively develop. Boeing very quickly took a leading position in the military aircraft market.

At the same time, the company's aircraft continued to carry mail. The San Francisco-Chicago postal service was opened. For the first year, the mass of delivered correspondence amounted to 0.5 tons, and the number of passengers transported was almost 100 people. Since 1929, regular Passenger Transportation, and the company changed its name to become the leading aircraft manufacturer in the United States.

Such success was associated with a very progressive approach: Boeing was one of the first to switch to metal structures in aircraft construction. In 1930, a cargo-passenger aircraft was demonstrated to the public, which became the prototype of modern cars.

The Great Depression did not greatly shake the position of the company, but the antitrust law made adjustments, according to which one enterprise could not be engaged in transport and postal transportation. The company was divided into three parts, which specialized in:

• postal transportation,
• passenger transportation and
• the actual aircraft industry.

In 1934, William Boeing turned 53 and decided to leave the management of the company, devoting time to breeding horses. His place was taken by Claire Ektvaid, who immediately proposed a long-term program for the development of the company, which included simultaneous work with armed forces for the construction of heavy bombers and large passenger airliners.

Since the beginning of World War II, the company's plants in Seattle have been operating without interruption. If in 1942 60 aircraft were produced per month, then two years later this figure exceeded 300. The first heavy bombers were assembled at the Boeing factories, the flight range of which was about 4 thousand kilometers.

After the end of the war, orders from the military ceased to come, and the main activity of the company was the development of civil aviation. A sufficiently roomy and comfortable airliner was required, which could long flights including across the Atlantic.

The era that began soon jet aviation demanded from the company a number of innovations and the development of more modern technologies. The construction of jet aircraft required a large number tests and the company provided funds for the construction in Seattle of the world's largest private wind tunnel.

It was in this tube that the B-52 bomber, which for many years was the flagship of American heavy aviation, was tested. As for the passenger jet, the first successful model was the B-707 aircraft, the undisputed leader of transatlantic flights in the 60s of the last century.

Space development

Boeing became an aerospace company in 1961. In the course of work on the Lunar Program and the Apollo project, it was Boeing that was engaged in the design and manufacture of the first stages of launch vehicles. Then, for a year and a half, the company experienced a crisis - the lack of orders led to a reduction in staff and the closure of a number of subsidiaries of the corporation.

Philippe Condide, who took over the company after the crisis experienced by it, brought the corporation to the first place in the US aircraft industry. Boeing's annual income amounted to $60 billion, and in terms of exports, the company came out on top in the country.

Under him, two major acquisitions were made:

• in 1996, Rockwell, a developer of space shuttles, was bought,
• in 1998, McDonald Douglas is the only civilian aircraft company in the United States that has been a competitor to Boeing for many years.

Today, the company's capitalization is about 48 billion dollars a year, 1,200 Boeing airliners are in the sky every minute.

• Boeing official website
• The free electronic encyclopedia Wikipedia, section "Boeing"