Why are parachutes not provided in passenger planes? Why are parachutes not issued in civil aircraft. How much will an airplane with parachutes weigh?

Everyone who has ever flown on airplanes has heard instructive instructions from flight attendants regarding safety during the flight. In this tirade, we hear about the rules for using a life jacket and oxygen mask. But no one says where the emergency exit is and how to evacuate from a falling plane in case of an emergency.

Perhaps you have even asked a completely justified question more than once - why are parachutes not issued to passengers, because they could become a real hope for salvation in an emergency.

As justification, representatives of airlines can name one of the reasons why the issuance of this accessory is not provided for aircraft passengers.

Reason one

Aircraft - heavy duty vehicle. According to statistics, one airliner crash occurs in 20 million flights.

Reason two

Everyone who has ever made a parachute jump is already familiar with the complex mechanism of this accessory. IN emergency few passengers will be able to perform all the necessary manipulations to make the right jump and land safely. For this reason, companies do not see the point in issuing parachutes to passengers who still cannot properly use this accessory for rescue in a crash.

Reason three

Main part aircraft crashes happens during takeoff or landing of an aircraft, that is, on high altitude. Based on this, we can conclude: it is pointless to use a parachute at low altitude, since it still does not have time to open before the fall.

Reason four

In order for the parachute rescue jump to be successful, it is necessary to evacuate from the tail section of the liner. However, most airships do not have enough doors and very narrow aisles at the rear, which will not allow all passengers to jump out of the liner in time in case of an emergency.

Why can't you jump from another part of the plane? Such a jump will end tragically, because a person can hit a wing or get into the engine compartment, which will also lead to instant death.

Reason five

A weighty argument in favor of refusing to issue parachutes to passengers of an airliner is the impossibility of safe evacuation at a high aircraft speed, reaching 800-900 km/h. To jump in such conditions, you will need a special suit.

The maximum aircraft speed limit at which a parachute jump can be made is 400-500 km / h, but such parameters are by no means relevant for passenger liners flying at high altitude.

Sixth reason

The plane flies at an altitude of up to 10,000 km, and even if you make a jump with a rescue backpack, there is no chance of a successful landing. A person will not be able to breathe without the use of an oxygen tank.

It should also be taken into account that low temperatures at high altitude, reaching -50, -60 degrees at any time of the year. For such extreme jumps, a special protective suit would be required, which could exclude instant freezing of the body and limbs.

Seventh reason

Cabin tightness. When flying at high altitude, it will not be possible to open the skydiving door due to the pressure difference. If for some reason depressurization nevertheless occurs, there will still be no chance of salvation. In the first minute, all passengers on the liner will die, unless they have time to react instantly and put on a protective mask. It is unlikely that someone will be able to quickly make such a decision in an emergency.

The futility of a parachute for aircraft passengers is justified

All of these reasons are well-founded arguments justifying the absence of parachutes for passengers on board the airliner. This accessory will not be able to save lives in an emergency, and issuing it only for the personal comfort of travelers, spending a lot of money on dexterity, is very unjustified and useless.

Also, the issue of equipping passenger seats with an ejection system, which is relevant for military fighter aircraft, is not considered. Such a complex consists of several complex mechanisms, with a total weight of up to 500 kg. If you equip the board passenger airliner such systems with the expectation of allowable weight, on board it will be possible to take no more than 15-20 people. This will lead to a significant increase in airfare.

You also need to understand that one ejection system is not enough to save a person during a crash. You will need a special helmet and a protective suit, and during the flight you will have to be stationary with your seat belts tightly fastened. It is unlikely that any of the passengers will like the flight on long distance in such difficult conditions.

We hope that now you will not have any disputable situations when deciding on the need to issue parachutes for passengers of an airliner. Now you know for sure that this accessory cannot save a person's life in the event of a plane crash.

Imagine - you climb aboard a super duper huge modern ocean liner and notice that there are no life jackets. It is reasonable to ask the friendly captain who meets passengers at the gangway about the reasons for the absence - what do you hear that A: a modern ocean liner is a super-duper reliable unit and sinks extremely rarely. B. The height of the board of our liner is 30 meters. Decide to jump from it - you will break on the water or, having lost consciousness from the blow, you will choke. Q. If there is such a fucking storm that sinks a liner like ours, you will simply be smashed against the side with all your vests and even boats. Even if you find yourself safely in the water - its temperature is about zero and you will live hell for more than 10 minutes. Well, and many more points. Reasonable? Why not! But only at the same time, no one will ever refuse to issue vests on any reliable ocean liner. For: the liner can sink with calm and warm water and other conditions when a life jacket is absolutely necessary. Similarly, in the case of air crashes, there are conditions when a parachute can definitely save the life of most passengers. This is, for example, a fire on the train. For emergency landing there is no more time, no suitable surface below. The crew in a couple of minutes reduces the liner from 10 to 7 km and dampens the speed to the minimum possible (in the region of 300 km per hour) The passengers of the tail section leave the cabin through the tail ramp (no special air blow - this is how entire regiments are parachuted during the exercises. Passengers of the bow section - through a special hatch in the bottom with an inclined chute and an external fairing (the smallest changes in the design of the aircraft).Option number two is the destruction of the liner in the air (terrorist attack, collision with another liner, fatigue changes in the design).As a rule, a bomb explosion on board kills only those directly close to the wu -anyone at all -because going in luggage compartment) the aircraft is destroyed quickly, but not instantly. It unfolds in the air - both speed and height fall. Most of the passengers are simply in the air and there is no longer a need to leave the plane (explosion over Sinai, Lockbury, cases of aircraft being shot down by missiles by mistake). Even collisions in the air - contrary to the opinion that "everything is already soft-boiled" - actually rarely occur head-on. As a rule, one aircraft cuts the hull of another with its keel. The cut one randomly flies to the ground in whole pieces, and the one that was left without a keel and hydraulics still fights for life for ten minutes (a disaster over lake constance). In all these cases, the passengers fly alive until they hit the ground. The horrors of instantaneous decompression - death from pressure drops - suffocation - freezing at altitude - can be counted on the fingers - and the main causes of death for passengers in such cases are a severe blow to the ground. Exactly what the parachute should save from. A modern rescue parachute weighs one and a half kilograms - it occupies a volume two times smaller than the smallest school bag and will not complicate any airline with "excess weight and volume." Converting any aircraft for its accelerated exit through the ramp and hatches in the floor - will not cost much money - unlike semi-fantastic searchlights with shooting the entire cabin or its equipment with special turbines. . At least - most of the passengers are aerophobes and the company that will have such planes and parachutes on board will become almost a monopoly - even if the ticket price is 20-30% higher than its competitors. That is, the absence of parachutes on passenger liners- This is an elementary savings on security.

“I prefer trains to our planes.

Falling off the top shelf is nonsense!

Much scarier from the sky without a parachute.

Why are there no parachutes in airliners carrying thousands of people across the sky? After all, it is quite logical to acquire them for the safety of passengers. Suddenly an accident, engine failure? Parachutes will save passengers! But not everything is so simple and easy. IN passenger aircraft there are no and will not be parachutes for both travelers and crew members. Why? There are several explanations.

parachute superfluous

A civil airliner is a reliable and especially durable machine. This opinion of experts is justified by the statistics of air crashes. An aircraft crash happens in one in 20 million cases (accidents with cars occur in one in 9,000 cases).

According to the results of studies of air crashes, out of 570 accidents, only 6% of passengers died out of the total number of people on board. And out of 50,000 who fell into emergency 48,000 people survived on the plane.

Incorruptible statistics claim that in 95% of air tragedies the plane crashed during landing and takeoff of the liner. At a height of 15-20 meters above ground level, the parachute becomes a useless thing and will not save during free fall. He won't open up. But what about the other 5% of disasters? If they happen in the air, a parachute will help!

And where to place a huge number of parachute bags in the cabin? Will it bring comfort to people during the flight? Will they agree to take a parachute and give up hand luggage? Even if we provide for a place for general storage of parachutes on the plane, this is unlikely to be a way out of the situation.

In the confusion of the crash, when the passengers are panic-stricken, there will be a crush, people will not get to the parachute bags and will not have time to put them on themselves for rescue. But, if the majority of passengers vote “yes” and decide that in order to save a few lives, they can suffer inconvenience and run the risk of being crushed by the crowd, other arguments come into play confirming the inexpediency of the decision.

Theory, practice and safety

Are you sure you can jump out of passenger aircraft with a parachute? Properly put it on, fasten it, get to the emergency exit and open it in time in the air? You can't escape a falling plane with a parachute! On the way to salvation and such safe ground a passenger in a crashed liner faces many dangers:

Difficulties with a parachute

Putting on a parachute bag is not a hiking backpack to put on. Parachute instruction takes 4-5 hours, and with the practical part it takes 10 hours. Does everyone have time before the flight to listen useful advice? Remember also that:

The straps of the parachute bag, when put on the human body, should ideally fit the person. It is too difficult for an inexperienced person to put on a parachute correctly on their own.
We will have to develop individual parachutes for pregnant women, children of all ages and the disabled.
The parachute is worn on the ground and is not removed during the entire flight. How can you accommodate him in civil aircraft?
Is there any certainty that flight attendants and crew members at a tragic moment will not leave their jobs and jump out first, saving lives and forgetting about the rest of the passengers?

But, even if a person correctly put on a parachute, the impossible shaking of an airliner in distress awaits him before the rescue exit. When the plane falls, it throws extremely strongly to the sides, it is impossible to calmly walk along the aisle at this moment. And hundreds of people?

It is impossible to evacuate everyone immediately

If you think that you can jump from an airplane from any door or even squeeze through a window - you are mistaken! The only way to safely leave the falling airliner is the tail section of the aircraft. Otherwise, the jumping passenger will be smeared on the wing, or even worse, get into the engine.

If you have ever flown in an airplane, remember how narrow the aisles between the seats are. This main reason the appearance of a stampede among the passengers of the ill-fated flight. And the stampede will definitely happen when all people immediately rush to the rescue emergency exit. Do not forget that the liner in distress is rapidly falling (190-200 km / h). Most people won't make it to the tail of the plane.

Flight speed and altitude

Let's imagine that you coped with the parachute pack and ended up near emergency exit among the first. Will we be saved? No! Cruising speed(speed at the lowest fuel consumption) of an airliner flying at flight level (set flight level) averages 800-900 km/h. With this high-speed mode, the air outside the side turns into a "concrete wall".

Dangerous speed. Max speed, the load of which a person can withstand without a space suit or a protective chair is 450-500 km / h. Having jumped out of the liner flying at a speed exceeding safe rates, the passenger will instantly die (he will be turned inside out and crushed by the air flow).

Deadly air. But what about the air itself? According to the results of experiments carried out by physicians, a person already at an altitude of 3.5-4,000 kilometers needs additional oxygen to enter the body. And at an altitude of 7-8,000 km above ground level, no unprotected person will survive. On average, liners rise into the air and fly at an altitude of 10-12,000 kilometers.

Deadly temperature. Each parachute will have to be equipped with an oxygen cylinder. And even if you safely jump out of a falling vessel with a parachute and an oxygen chamber, you will encounter external temperature conditions. At the height of a flying airliner, the temperature overboard averages -60⁰ C. In a matter of seconds, an unprotected person, finding himself under such temperature conditions, will freeze to death

Danger of depressurization

Another explanation for why people in airliners are not given parachutes is depressurization. During the entire flight, the aircraft is reliably sealed. A person does not come into contact with the air environment, which he sees through the porthole window. In flight, due to the difference in external and internal pressure, it is physically impossible to open the door to the cabin.

If the depressurization of the aircraft cabin occurred at an altitude of 10,000 kilometers (average flight level), passengers live no more than 20-30 seconds. During this time, no one will have time to put on a mask, parachute and reach the emergency exit to be on safe ground.

"Safe" land

Imagine an option when you managed to do everything: put on a parachute, arm yourself with an oxygen tank, get to the cherished tail of the plane by the passengers of the plane, raging in a crush. Overcome the monstrous speed, air force and pressure and jump out of the falling winged machine.

Swaying smoothly under the opened plane, we are relieved to understand that we survived in a plane crash. What awaits below? Where was the plane at the time of the crash? Over an ocean with bloodthirsty sharks and a bottomless water column, over snow-capped mountains shrouded in cold winds and severe frosts? Or over a hot desert, where there is no one but the scorching sun and hot sand?

Before each flight, you should take a survival course in critical situations, learn to swim across the oceans, climb without equipment, deal with bears and wolves (and sharks, crocodiles as well) with your bare hands. But a person is a winner in life, and survived not in such conditions.

There is still a chance, we love to live. And we will fight for the smallest chance to live in this world. But do airline owners agree to such a vital position? For them, the parachute equipment of aircraft is too much of an expense item.

Salvation Chance Cost

The economic aspect decides the fate of any idea. The inefficiency of equipping liners with parachutes is not so bad. The main reason for the inexpediency of such a step is unprofitability. Why aren't parachutes issued? Let's do the calculations:

Each parachute (without additional oxygen equipment) carry 10-15 kilograms. This means that a "parachute" flight will be able to take on board 25-30% less live weight (that is, without 1/3 of the passengers). Instead, parachute packs will fly.

The monetary difference will be distributed among the remaining tickets, which will significantly affect their cost. In addition, the cost will include the rental of the parachutes themselves. That is, the ticket price will consist of:

Parachute prices.
The monetary difference between the shortage of passengers.
Prices for their regular technical check (parachutes in without fail check for suitability, serviceability, repack them with a long inactivity).
The salaries of full-time personnel involved in checking, packing parachutes and instructing passengers before the flight.

In this case, the price of an air ticket will soar so much that hardly anyone will want to buy a plane ticket worth 150-200,000 rubles to get from Moscow to Crimea. Therefore, aircraft are not equipped with parachutes.

What about the ejection system? An excellent analogue of a parachute, safe and suitable for any passenger! Equip each seat with a built-in catapult and fly safely without fear for your life! A frivolous utopia crashes against an insurmountable wall of obstacles and reasonable explanations:

The ejection system that is installed in fighters is the most complex device. This is a large rescue complex equipped with a seat, oxygen and parachute autosystems, protection against speed, pressure and temperature.

To be able to use the rescue system, the traveler had to sit the whole flight in this airtight capsule, fastened to all straps and straps. Dressed in a special protective suit and helmet. The weight of such equipment reaches 200 kg. In this case, the average board, capable of taking 180 passengers, will be able to take only 12-15 people on board. How much will the ticket price increase? It will become astronomical!

Keep in mind that when the ejection system is triggered, the squib explodes. "Shooting" one capsule will damage the neighboring ones. So, it is necessary to provide for such a final when installing the cabins. What becomes the reason for the re-equipment and global change in the entire structure of the aircraft, taking into account the holes where, in the event of a critical situation, capsules will fly out.

This is why there are no parachutes on planes. It is too expensive financially, unprofitable for the passengers themselves, impractical and deadly. And it does not add optimism when a nice stewardess at the entrance hands over a parachute pack and wishes "a successful landing."

You have to put up with it and trust that you won't get one bad chance out of 20 million successful flights. See the world easier!

Imagine - you climb aboard a super duper huge modern ocean liner and notice that there are no life jackets. It is reasonable to ask the friendly captain who meets passengers at the gangway about the reasons for the absence - what do you hear that A: a modern ocean liner is a super-duper reliable unit and sinks extremely rarely. B. The height of the board of our liner is 30 meters. Decide to jump from it - you will break on the water or, having lost consciousness from the blow, you will choke. Q. If there is such a fucking storm that sinks a liner like ours, you will simply be smashed against the side with all your vests and even boats. Even if you find yourself safely in the water - its temperature is about zero and you will live hell for more than 10 minutes. Well, and many more points. Reasonable? Why not! But only in this case, no one will ever refuse to issue vests on any reliable ocean liner. For: the liner can sink in calm and warm water and other conditions when a life jacket is absolutely necessary. Similarly, in the case of air crashes, there are conditions when a parachute can definitely save the life of most passengers. This is, for example, a fire on the train. There is no time for an emergency landing, no suitable surface below. The crew in a couple of minutes reduces the liner from 10 to 7 km and dampens the speed to the minimum possible (in the region of 300 km per hour) The passengers of the tail section leave the cabin through the tail ramp (no special air blow - this is how entire regiments are parachuted during the exercises. Passengers of the bow section - through a special hatch in the bottom with an inclined chute and an external fairing (the smallest changes in the design of the aircraft).Option number two is the destruction of the liner in the air (terrorist attack, collision with another liner, fatigue changes in the design).As a rule, a bomb explosion on board kills only those directly close to wu - or no one at all - because it happens in the luggage compartment) while the plane is destroyed quickly - but not instantly. It unfolds in the air - both speed and height fall. Most of the passengers are simply in the air and there is no longer a need to leave the plane (explosion over Sinai, Lockbury, cases of aircraft being shot down by missiles by mistake). Even collisions in the air - contrary to the opinion that "everything is already soft-boiled" - actually rarely occur head-on. As a rule, one aircraft cuts the hull of another with its keel. The cut one randomly flies to the ground in whole pieces, and the one that was left without a keel and hydraulics still fights for life for ten minutes (the disaster over Lake Constance). In all these cases, the passengers fly alive until they hit the ground. The horrors of instantaneous decompression - death from pressure drops - suffocation - freezing at altitude - can be counted on the fingers - and the main causes of death for passengers in such cases are a severe blow to the ground. Exactly what the parachute should save from. A modern rescue parachute weighs one and a half kilograms - it occupies a volume two times smaller than the smallest school bag and will not complicate any airline with "excess weight and volume." Converting any aircraft for its accelerated exit through the ramp and hatches in the floor - will not cost much money - unlike semi-fantastic searchlights with shooting the entire cabin or its equipment with special turbines. . At least - most of the passengers are aerophobes and the company that will have such planes and parachutes on board will become almost a monopoly - even if the ticket price is 20-30% higher than its competitors. That is, the absence of parachutes on passenger liners is an elementary saving on safety.

“I prefer trains to our planes.

Falling off the top shelf is nonsense!

Much scarier from the sky without a parachute.

Why are there no parachutes in airliners carrying thousands of people across the sky? After all, it is quite logical to acquire them for the safety of passengers. Suddenly an accident, engine failure? Parachutes will save passengers! But not everything is so simple and easy. Passenger planes do not and will not have parachutes for both travelers and crew members. Why? There are several explanations.

parachute superfluous

According to the results of studies of air crashes, out of 570 accidents, only 6% of passengers died out of the total number of people on board. And of the 50,000 people who got into an emergency situation on the plane, 48,000 people survived.

Incorruptible statistics claim that in 95% of air tragedies the plane crashed during landing and takeoff of the liner. At a height of 15-20 meters from the ground level, the parachute becomes a useless thing and will not save during a free fall. He won't open up. But what about the other 5% of disasters? If they happen in the air, a parachute will help!

And where to place a huge number of parachute bags in the cabin? Will it bring comfort to people during the flight? Will they agree to take a parachute and refuse hand luggage? Even if we provide for a place for general storage of parachutes on the plane, this is unlikely to be a way out of the situation.

Theory, practice and safety

Are you sure you can jump out of a passenger plane with a parachute? Properly put it on, fasten it, get to the emergency exit and open it in time in the air? You can't escape a falling plane with a parachute! On the way to the saving and such a safe land, a passenger in a crashed liner faces many dangers:

Difficulties with a parachute

Putting on a parachute bag is not a hiking backpack to put on. Parachute briefing takes 4-5 hours, and with the practical part it takes 10 hours. Does everyone have time before the flight to listen to useful recommendations? Remember also that:

The straps of the parachute bag, when put on the human body, should ideally fit the person. It is too difficult for an inexperienced person to put on a parachute correctly on their own.
We will have to develop individual parachutes for pregnant women, children of all ages and the disabled.
The parachute is worn on the ground and is not removed during the entire flight. How can you accommodate him in civil aircraft?
Is there any certainty that flight attendants and crew members at a tragic moment will not leave their jobs and jump out first, saving lives and forgetting about the rest of the passengers?

It is impossible to evacuate everyone immediately

If you have ever flown in an airplane, remember how narrow the aisles between the seats are. This is the main reason for the appearance of a stampede among the passengers of the ill-fated flight. And the stampede will definitely happen when all people immediately rush to the rescue emergency exit. Do not forget that the liner in distress is rapidly falling (190-200 km / h). Most people won't make it to the tail of the plane.

Flight speed and altitude

Let's imagine that you coped with the parachute pack and were among the first to reach the emergency exit. Will we be saved? No! The cruising speed (speed at the lowest fuel consumption) of an airliner flying at flight level (set flight level) averages 800-900 km/h. With this high-speed mode, the air outside the side turns into a "concrete wall".

Dangerous speed. The maximum speed that a person without a space suit or a protective chair can withstand is 450-500 km / h. Having jumped out of the liner flying at a speed exceeding safe rates, the passenger will instantly die (he will be turned inside out and crushed by the air stream).

Danger of depressurization

"Safe" land

Salvation Chance Cost

Parachute prices.
The monetary difference between the shortage of passengers.
Prices for their regular technical check (parachutes are necessarily checked for suitability, serviceability, they are repacked with a long inactivity).
The salaries of full-time personnel involved in checking, packing parachutes and instructing passengers before the flight.

You have to put up with it and trust that you won't get one bad chance out of 20 million successful flights. See the world easier!