How fast do passenger planes fly: maximum speed and required minimum. How fast is the plane flying

An airplane can transport several hundred people from one point on Earth to another in just a few hours. Modern passenger liners have high speed, which makes the flight process much shorter. And this allows us to travel more and get to know the world.

Average speed of a passenger plane

Modern airliners easily reach speeds of 500 km / h. But this figure is not the limit of aircraft capabilities. The optimal average speed is 800 km/h.

Minimum speed

In order for the aircraft to continue its flight, its speed must be at least 220 km/h. This indicator applies to Boeing aircraft 737-800.

Max Speed

All the same passenger aircraft Boeing, but already of another modification - 737-500, capable of developing a maximum speed equal to 910 km/h.

First passenger aircraft, average speed was 100 km/h. Now this figure seems ridiculous, since in our time any car, if necessary, can easily reach this mark.

Speed ​​Boeing 747 and Boeing 737

The Boeing 737 is the best-selling aircraft in the world. Over the entire history of the company, "737" transported more than 12 billion people. The maximum speed that an aircraft can reach is 917 km/h. But it can fly normally with minimum speed at 330 km/h.

Undoubtedly, the most recognizable Boeing aircraft is the 747. From 1969 to 2005, this aircraft was the largest, largest and heaviest passenger aircraft.

The Boeing 747 is one of the few modern aircraft that can reach speeds. 1150 km/h. This one is equipped with a two-deck layout, the total capacity of the aircraft is 520 passengers.

Did you know that the Boeing 747 is the longest-range aircraft in the world. In 1989, a non-stop flight was made from the UK, and more specifically, from London, to Sydney. The plane covered a distance of 20 thousand kilometers in 20 hours and 9 minutes. It is noteworthy that the flight was made without cargo and passengers.

Aircraft speed Tu-154 and Tu-144

Domestic passenger aircraft Tu-154 was developed in the distant 60s of the last century and was intended to transport 152 - 180 people. Maximum speed - 950 km/h.

Airplane Tu-144 is a Soviet development of a supersonic aircraft with a maximum rate of 2,430 km/h.

Supersonic passenger aircraft speed

The developers have managed to supersonic aircraft, which can reach speeds 2.5-3 times more than a conventional airliner. It is not difficult to calculate that such an aircraft can be accelerated by about 2500 km/h.

However, they have long abandoned the production of so-called aircraft with supersonic speeds. Why? There are several reasons:

1. Safety. Aircraft designed to operate at supersonic speeds must have the most streamlined body shape. versed in design features aircraft builders understand that the longer the length of the liner, the more difficult it is to achieve this shape. If these features are not observed, it threatens that during the achievement of supersonic speed, the body of the liner may simply fall apart into pieces.
2. Economic side. All aircraft from supersonic speed have low fuel economy, and unlike slower liners, they are more likely to consume it. Tickets for a flight with such an aircraft are several times more expensive than for a regular flight.
3. Unpreparedness of airports. Supersonic aircraft are large-scale, volumetric units. To land such an aircraft, you need a special, separate place.
4. Frequent technical inspection. Given the fact that the aircraft operates at ultra-fast speeds, care must be taken after almost every flight in order not to miss a possible breakdown. Naturally, air carriers are unwilling to buy and use assets that are constantly in need of repair.

Despite a number of shortcomings of this aircraft, some companies are seriously considering the possibility of their production and operation of an aircraft that reaches supersonic speeds.

Question answer

How fast does a passenger plane take off?

Boeing and Airbus aircraft have approximately the same takeoff speed - 270 km/h.

Passenger plane landing speed

The landing speed of a passenger aircraft is measured depending on the weight of the apparatus and the landing conditions themselves. For each aircraft, this number is individual and may vary within 150-230 km/h.

IN modern world It's hard to imagine life without airplanes. Thanks to their high speed, they are ready to take you to the right place. the globe in a relatively short time. Perhaps in the near future, airlines will begin to produce aircraft with even greater speed and carrying capacity. Well, we can only wait.

However, in space everything is different, some phenomena are simply inexplicable and defy any laws in principle. For example, a satellite launched a few years ago, or other objects will rotate in their orbit and never fall. Why is this happening, how fast does a rocket fly into space? Physicists suggest that there is a centrifugal force that neutralizes the effect of gravity.

Having done a small experiment, we ourselves can understand and feel this without leaving our homes. To do this, you need to take a thread and tie a small load to one end, then unwind the thread around the circumference. We will feel that the higher the speed, the clearer the trajectory of the load, and the more tension on the thread, if the force is weakened, the rotation speed of the object will decrease and the risk that the load will fall increases several times. With such a small experience, we will begin to develop our topic - speed in space.

It becomes clear that high speed allows any object to overcome the force of gravity. As for space objects, each of them has its own speed, it is different. Four main types of such speed are determined, and the smallest of them is the first. It is at this speed that the ship flies into Earth's orbit.

In order to fly out of it, you need a second speed in space. At the third speed, gravity is completely overcome and you can fly out of the solar system. Fourth rocket speed in space will allow you to leave the galaxy itself, this is about 550 km / s. We have always been interested rocket speed in space km/h, when entering orbit, it is 8 km / s, beyond it - 11 km / s, that is, developing its capabilities up to 33,000 km / h. The rocket gradually increases its speed, full acceleration begins from a height of 35 km. Speedspacewalk is 40,000 km/h.

Speed ​​in space: record

Maximum speed in space- the record, set 46 years ago, is still holding, it was made by astronauts who took part in the Apollo 10 mission. Having circled the moon, they returned back when spaceship speed in space was 39,897 km/h. In the near future, it is planned to send the Orion spacecraft into the space of weightlessness, which will take astronauts into low Earth orbit. Perhaps then it will be possible to break the 46-year-old record. The speed of light in space- 1 billion km / h. I wonder if we can overcome such a distance with our maximum available speed of 40,000 km / h. Here what is the speed in space develops near the light, but we do not feel it here.

Theoretically, a person can move at a speed slightly less than the speed of light. However, this will entail enormous harm, especially for an unprepared organism. Indeed, to begin with, such a speed must be developed, an effort must be made to safely reduce it. Because rapid acceleration and deceleration can be fatal to a person.

In ancient times, it was believed that the Earth was motionless, no one was interested in the question of the speed of its rotation in orbit, because such concepts did not exist in principle. But even now it is difficult to give an unambiguous answer to the question, because the value is not the same in different geographic points. Closer to the equator, the speed will be higher, in the region of southern Europe it is 1200 km / h, this is the average Earth's speed in space.

The question of what speed an aircraft develops during takeoff is of interest to many passengers. Non-professional opinions always differ - someone mistakenly assumes that the speed is always the same for all types of given aircraft, others correctly believe that it is different, but cannot explain why. Let's try to understand this topic.

Takeoff

Takeoff types

• From the brakes. The acceleration of the aircraft begins only after the engines have reached the set thrust mode, and until then the device is held in place with the help of brakes;
• A simple classic takeoff, involving a gradual increase in engine thrust while the aircraft is moving along the runway;
• Takeoff using assistive devices. Typical for aircraft carrying military service on aircraft carriers. limited distance runway offset by the use of springboards, ejection devices, or even additional rocket engines installed on the aircraft;
• Vertical takeoff. It is possible if the aircraft has engines with vertical thrust (for example, the domestic Yak-38). Such devices, like helicopters, first gain altitude from a standstill vertically or when accelerating from a very short distance, and then smoothly transition to horizontal flight.

Consider, as an example, the takeoff phase of a Boeing 737 turbofan aircraft.

Takeoff passenger Boeing 737

• The movement of the aircraft begins after the engine reaches about 800 rpm. The pilot gradually releases the brakes while keeping the control stick neutral. The run starts on three wheels;
• To start taking off from the ground, the Boeing must acquire a speed of about 180 km / h. When this value is reached, the pilot smoothly pulls the handle, which leads to the deflection of the flaps and, as a result, the rise of the nose of the device. Further, the plane accelerates already on two wheels;
• With the nose up on two wheels, the aircraft continues to accelerate until the speed reaches 220 km/h. When this value is reached, the aircraft lifts off the ground.

Each aircraft has individual specifications, according to which it is operated. The process of lifting the liner into the air is carried out in stages.

1. Engine revs. Approximately at 800-820 rpm, the aircraft begins to move along the runway.
2. Acceleration and acceleration. The pilot controls the aircraft on the ground, achieving the required speed while in a stable position on three wheels.
3. Takeoff and climb. To carry out the actual takeoff, it is required to accelerate the aircraft to 185 km / h and smoothly raise the nose by pulling the handle. As a result, the ship continues to move on two wheels and takes off from the ground, reaching a speed of 225 km / h.

Above are approximate figures for the Boeing-737 model. The higher the mass of the liner, the great speed he must develop on earth. In addition, external factors also play a role during takeoff and climb. These are the direction and strength of the wind, the density of the air flow, humidity, the quality and condition of the runway.

In cases where strong wind against the movement of the aircraft, you may need indicators that exceed the standard twice. At the same time, in the reverse situation, when the wind is fair, the efforts will be minimal.

Plane landing

Landing an aircraft is the opposite of taking off. Accordingly, all stages are performed in the reverse order: smooth descent, landing approach and straightening out, holding the aircraft and touching the runway.

Heavy liners begin the process of direct landing from a height of 20-25 meters. Here the determining parameter is the mass of the aircraft. The speed of entry is directly related to the weight.

When trying to calculate the time spent in the air and overcoming the distance between points on their own, it should be borne in mind that pilots rarely develop the maximum possible indicators for the vessel. Even with characteristics close to supersonic, the liner will move comfortably and economically in terms of energy consumption. cruising speed. Thus, when calculating, you need to focus on average values.

At the current stage of development passenger aviation is in front of the sound barrier. Given the previous history, we can conclude that in the near future the obstacle will be taken. Civil liners will enter a new frontier. The main task is to fly further, faster, at minimal cost.

Passenger aircraft, as a rule, cannot boast of high-speed characteristics. Compared to fighters, they are real snails. And although usually the speed passenger liners ranges from 800 to 1100 km / h, some unique airliners can be supersonic. At that speed, they can get people from New York to London in about three hours. In this review, a story about the world's fastest passenger aircraft.

1. Hawker-Siddeley Trident HS.121 2

maximum speed 973 km/h
The British aircraft Hawker-Siddeley Trident or simply "Trident" made a real revolution in air traffic. It was operated from the 1960s to the 1990s.

2 Gulfstream G650

maximum speed 981 km/h
The twin-engine business jet is an upgraded version of the popular Gulfstream G550. It can reach a top speed of Mach 0.925 and the G650 has a range of 13,900 km.

3 Boeing 7478

maximum speed 988 km/h
Boeing 747 8 is the longest passenger aircraft in the world. Its length is 76.25 m, and its wingspan is 68.45 m. At a speed of 988 km/h, it can fly 14,100 km.

4. Convair 880

maximum speed 989 km/h
The Convair 880 jet airliner developed by General Dynamics was produced for only 3 years (65 units were produced in 1959-1962). Due to its low popularity, it was discontinued despite being considered the fastest airliner of its day.

5 Boeing 777

maximum speed 1036 km/h
Boeing 777 is considered one of the best airliners in the world today. These aircraft are equipped with the most powerful engines for passenger liners.

6 Boeing 787

maximum speed 1049 km/h
Boeing announced the development of the 787 Dreamliner in 2003. Made in the form wide-body airliner long range, the 787 can reach speeds of up to 1049 km/h.

7. Dassault Falcon 900 EX

maximum speed 1065 km/h
The French Dassault Falcon 900 EX is a corporate jet capable of transcontinental flights. Its design is notable for the fact that the Falcon 900 EX has three rear-mounted jet engines.

8 Bombardier Global 6000

maximum speed 1097 km/h
The Bombardier Global 6000 is an ultra-long range executive aircraft. It allows any entrepreneur to quickly travel the world and easily get to right place with a speed reaching 1097 km / h.

9. Dassault Falcon 7X

maximum speed 1110 km/h
This business jet was developed from the Falcon 900 and is designed to travel around the world in style and comfort. It is 2 such Canadian-made aircraft that are used in Russia to transport high-ranking state officials.

10 Airbus A380

maximum speed 1087 km/h
Designed in Europe, the Airbus A380 is a high-performance, double-deck, long-range airliner. It is considered the world's largest passenger aircraft.

11 Cessna Citation X

maximum speed 1126 km/h
Another favorite business jet is the Cessna Citation X. It is a turbofan, twin-engine, long-haul medium airliner business class. Citation X is operated by both individuals and companies.

12 Cessna Citation X+

maximum speed 1153 km/h
This is an improved model of the previous aircraft. The Citation X+ has received significant improvements, as well as a much more powerful engine. Today this aircraft is the fastest civil and business aircraft.

13. Concorde

maximum speed 2179 km/h
The Concorde was a supersonic marvel of its time as it traveled twice the speed of sound. The Concorde was primarily used by wealthy people for fast air travel in an atmosphere of luxury. However, despite the aircraft having been in service for decades, the Concorde was discontinued in 2003.

14. Boom Supersonic

maximum speed 2335 km/h
Boom Supersonic is currently under development. It's supersonic commercial airliner, capable of reaching speeds of Mach 2.2 or 2,335 km / h. However, unlike the Concorde, the Boom Supersonic will be a low-cost airliner for all passengers, not just the wealthy.

15. Tupolev TU 144

maximum speed 2430 km/h
The Tupolev TU 144 was the first supersonic aircraft in the world developed by the USSR Soviets, and immediately after it came the Concorde. Although this aircraft was withdrawn from commercial use, the Russian space program used it for training purposes until 1999.

Today, airplanes are gradually turning into individual transport. Recently appeared.