Caucasian coast of the Black Sea. Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. Cities, resorts of the Black Sea coast of the South of Russia

Black Sea coast of the Caucasus

In anticipation of the peak of summer holiday season, many tourists are at the final stage of choosing their place summer holiday on the sea. Every year, holidays on the Black Sea coast become more and more comfortable. The price range for accommodation in local hotels, boarding houses, guest houses is quite wide and is available to vacationers with different income levels. The following is an overview of the resorts, which will demonstrate the best places to stay on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus.

This famous city formed a whole complex of resorts called "Greater Sochi" (Adler, Dagomys, Anchor Gap, Lazarevskoye). Comfortable hotels, various entertainment Sochi attracts Russian vacationers for any wallet. In terms of a beach holiday, one of the best places to relax on the Black Sea in the area Greater Sochi, there will be a rest in Adler. This resort has a wonderful climate and picturesque nature, and its territory is excellently landscaped and has all the necessary infrastructure for good rest on the sea coast.

The best children's resort in Russia is Anapa. A beautiful sandy beach and various health facilities await children from all over Russia.

Arkhipo-Osipovka is a village with beautiful beaches. It is an active recreation center with developed infrastructure. The village has almost no cheap housing for living, which will be a negative feature for many vacationers.

Divnomorsk is a fairly well-known resort village with a variety of hotels for every taste. Cafes, beaches, water park invariably attract Russians to this village. It is located close to railway(station in the city of Novorossiysk) and from airlines (airport in Gelendzhik).

– beautiful place for holidays with young children. There are kilometers of sandy beaches and many hotels located here.

Nebug – a nice place, located in a subtropical climate, the coast of which is blown by sea breezes. Nebug attracts vacationers with its beaches, as well as a fairly developed infrastructure. It has various cafes and hotels, as well as a water park and an ice palace.

Dzhubga. This village is located on federal highway Russian M4 and is popular among vacationers because of the many cheap hotels. Dzhubga is a "paradise" for tourists who go on vacation in their own cars.

Big Utrish. This place is suitable for a comfortable stay, although the resort infrastructure itself is relatively young. In it, tourists admire the mountains and picturesque lagoons.

This resort boasts a developed network of hotels (there are even five-star hotels). The climate on its territory is quite dry (precipitation is rare). Tourists can rest in Kabardinka until November.

Tuapse- is one of the most famous cities south of Russia. It houses some of the best Russian hotels. The city has 3 beaches. But because of a large number visiting tourists often choose small, quiet villages located near Tuapse.

Black Sea coast of the Caucasus

The area covers the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus from Anapa to the border with Abkhazia. This is one of the most developed recreational areas of the country: the total capacity of recreational enterprises is the highest in the country. The share of jobs in most of the district's enterprises significantly exceeds the share of the population. The enterprises of the region are focused on serving the population from other regions of the country, including the most distant ones - Siberian and Far East. The all-Russian specialization of the region can be defined as medical and health-improving.

The area stretches along the coast and represents an almost continuous strip of resort towns and resort villages (Anapa, Tuapse, Sochi, Gelendzhik, etc.), interconnected by an electrified railway, highway and flights of pleasure boats and motor ships. The district receives more than 5 million people a year, while the load is growing rapidly.

There are large resort formations in the region. Among them, the leading position is occupied by Greater Sochi and Anapa. At the same time, the Black Sea-Caucasus region is one of the most promising areas for new recreational construction. After all, a significant part of the coast is still very poorly developed. In the future, large-scale construction is planned in the Gelendzhik region, this second after Greater Sochi Black Sea resort Russia.

On the territory of the district, medical and health-improving cycles are implemented with the greatest efficiency. recreational activities. The first of them is distinguished by an even distribution of vacationers throughout the year, the second has a clearly pronounced seasonal outbreak - the typical bathing season for it (water temperature 18 ° or more) usually lasts from mid-May to the end of October. On the entire coast, winter is considered very mild, and in this respect the region has no analogues in Russia. Unlike other southern coastal regions, the Caucasian-Black Sea region is characterized by significantly large quantity precipitation.

The main recreational resources of the region are the sea and beaches. At the same time, their high development is currently typical only for the territory of resort cities - Greater Sochi, Anapa, Tuapse and the villages adjacent to them. A significant part of the Black Sea coast has not yet been developed.

There are large reserves of balneological resources on the territory of the region. Among the mineral springs, Matsesta waters are most intensively used - hydrogen sulfide sodium chloride waters of various mineralization and with various concentrations of hydrogen sulfide, containing lithium, nitrogen and a small amount of carbon dioxide. Resources of therapeutic mud are concentrated in the northern part of the region. For purposes spa treatment in Anapa and Gelendzhik, silt and silt-clay healing mud from the lake Chemburgsky and imported mud from the lake. Golubnitsky.

On the territory of the Black Sea-Caucasus region, one recreational connection was formed - Greater Sochi and several large plants - Anapa, Tuapse, Gelendzhik. One of the largest recreational connections in Russia - the resort agglomeration of Greater Sochi consists of six large recreational complexes (Lazarevskoye, Dagomys, Sochi, Matsesta, Khosta, Adler). They differ in the level of development and recreational functions.

Adler has one of the largest airports in Russia, serving all the resorts of Greater Sochi. All resort formations are interconnected by sea passenger lines and suburban electric trains. Greater Sochi has a unified construction base, a unified network of trade and procurement bases and logistics bases, unified excursion sites (Krasnaya Polyana, Caucasian Reserve and etc.). The integrity of Greater Sochi is also manifested in the administrative design of territorial unity, which is secured by the existence of four grassroots administrative regions the cities of Sochi - Central, Lazarevsky, Adler and Khostinsky.

Greater Sochi belongs to the traditional recreational areas of the country; its development began at the end of the 19th century, when the first dachas and boarding houses appeared here. Starting from 1902, the Matsesta resort began to operate. Already in 1919, the Sochi-Matsesta region was declared a resort of all-Union significance. It was from this time that a new era began in Russia in the Soviet sanatorium construction. In Sochi, in the 1920s, the first Soviet sanatoriums were built - a sanatorium-hotel for 150 people and Mountain air» for 100 seats. In the 1930s, the first district planning was developed for one of the main and rapidly developing sections of the Sochi region - Matsesta. The capacity of the resort's health resorts in the 1930s increased almost 9 times compared to 1913, from 10,000 beds in 1913 to 86,000 in 1936.

At present, Greater Sochi stretches for more than 140 km along the coastline. On its territory there are more than 50 sanatoriums, about 40 boarding houses and rest houses, numerous recreation centers and pioneer camps. First, it is the largest health complex countries that annually let in about 3 million vacationers, in the system of occupations of which the bathing and beach cycle of recreational activities dominates. Secondly, this is one of the largest medical centers in Russia, whose institutions annually receive more than 300 thousand people. Significant development has received sanatorium-resort service. The resort has 300 diagnostic and treatment rooms, 32 hydropathic clinics, 7 mud baths, 17 winter swimming pools, etc.

Huge work is being done by the medical institutions of Matsesta, the resort is equipped with 8 bathroom buildings and hydropathic facilities. Thirdly, this is the most important excursion center(over 2.5 million tourists). Fourthly, it is a major tourist and sports center (over 100,000 people spend their holidays at camp sites and sports camps every year). Many athletes (footballers, cyclists, athletes, etc.) undergo pre-season training here. Fifth, it is prominent Cultural Center countries - film festivals are held here annually. At the same time, Greater Sochi is a place of short-term recreation for residents of the Krasnodar Territory, especially cities located far from the sea (Krasnodar, Maykop, Armavir, Kropotkin, etc.).

Recreational services are the leading branch of the economy, which determines the emergence of new service enterprises that complement specialized recreational enterprises. A large recreational and economic complex has been formed and continues to develop here, in which over 90% of the able-bodied population is already employed. At the same time, there are more than 28 thousand medical personnel in Greater Sochi alone. The main part of the temporary population is vacationers who arrived without vouchers (about 70%). It is characteristic that of the total number of vacationers, about 60% arrive by plane and only 38% - by rail. The role of motor transport is insignificant (2%). About 77% of vacationers stay at the resort for more than 10 days. Unlike other seaside resorts in Russia, the territory of Greater Sochi is relatively little used for short-term recreation.

The most important Natural resources used in Greater Sochi is the climate, the sea with beaches and mineral water. Especially difficult problems arise in connection with the use of beaches. Currently, there are 22 city beaches in Sochi, designed for the simultaneous reception of 4.4 thousand people. However, in fact, their one-time workload reaches 9.5 thousand people. In recent years, work has been underway to create artificial beaches; more than 6 km of artificial beaches have been created on the section between Tuapse and Adler. Within individual districts, the area of ​​beaches is unevenly distributed: Lazarevskoye accounts for 20%, Dagomys - 2.2, Central Sochi - 32.3, Khosta - 1.5, Adler - 44%.

The Black Sea coast of the Caucasus includes the coastline of the Krasnodar Territory, Abkhazia and Georgia and extends from Anapa to Batumi.

Anapa is the owner of the unspoken title of the most popular resort for families and children's recreation. In Anapa wide sandy beaches and flat bottom. The water here warms up quickly with the beginning of the season and it is relatively safe for children to swim. In Anapa, the sun shines almost all year round, there are more sunny days here than in any other city in Russia.

Novorossiysk is largest port Russia, the Naval base of the Black Sea Fleet of Russia is located here, and Novorossiysk has great potential as a resort city. If you take beach holiday, then you can relax both within the city and in the suburbs of Novorossiysk. In Novorossiysk itself, the sightseeing and cultural component and night life cities.

Gelendzhik is a universal resort city. There is everything for all categories of vacationers. Gelendzhik is suitable for both family vacation as well as for entertainment or cultural activities. Hundreds of hotels, dozens of different beaches. Gelendzhik will please everyone.

Tuapse is located almost in the middle of the Black Sea line of the Caucasus and is one of the most important cities in Russia, it is a strategic transport and port hub. In general, Tuapse is not a resort, but this does not stop thousands of people from coming here just to relax. Tuapse has a peculiar charm, here it is not like in other cities of the Black Sea coast - it is much calmer, more romantic or something ...

Lazarevskoye or Lazarevka is a resort area of ​​Sochi and is notable for its climate and weather. Lazarevskoye is completely protected by a mountain range and has its own favorable microclimate. Coastline stretched for more than 7 kilometers with a diverse range of entertainment services.

Sochi is a federal resort. There is literally everything here. This city welcomes guests all year round and has something to offer for any request. It is difficult to name something that is not in Sochi. And the most remarkable thing is that you can come here all year round. Sochi hosted winter Olympic Games 2014, the Confederation Cup and the FIFA World Cup will be held.

Gagra is one of the most popular resorts Abkhazia. Gagra strikes with the beauty of its nature, the cleanest beaches and water, which heal not only the body, but also the soul. There is really something to see near Gagra, here you can include the Gegsky waterfall, Lake Ritsa, the village of Lykhny, which are the most beautiful places on the planet.

Pitsunda is a legendary resort Soviet Union, which is located in the Pitsunda Reserve, where the largest grove of relic pines is located, therefore, the aroma of pines and the healing effect of sea air are remarkable for Pitsunda. Pitsunda is located in a bay, so there are never storms here. This the resort is suitable for all categories of vacationers - those who prefer family, or beach, or youth types of recreation.

Sukhum is the capital of Abkhazia, ancient city, which was founded before our era and has a long spa tradition. Sukhum has a very rich nature and a favorable climate. Also in Sukhum there are many attractions, such as the Monkey Nursery, Botanical Garden, Bagrat Castle, Great Abkhaz Wall and others. After the Georgian-Abkhaz war, Sukhum is in decline, but that only this city could not survive.

Batumi is a Georgian city, the capital of Adjara. Batumi is modern international resort. This resort town is very versatile and is available for recreation all year round.

Other significant cities in the region include Gudauta, Ochamchira, and Poti. In addition, the resort value are such settlements like Adler, Arkhipo-Osipovka, Abrau-Dyurso, Dagomys, Divnomorskoye, Dzhubga, Lermontovo, Khosta, Kabardinka, Loo, Novomikhailovsky, Matsesta, New Athos, Gulrypsh, Anaklia, Ganmukhuri, Kobuleti, Makhindzhauri, Gonio, Sarpi, Vardane, Tsikhisdziri and Chakvi. There are dozens of different settlements on the Black Sea coast. Write in the comments about unnamed places and where in general it is best to relax on the Black Sea.

The Black Sea coast of the Caucasus really deserves only superlatives in assessing its recreational potential. It is characterized by exceptionally high saturation with cognitive objects, both natural and cultural-historical. Here there are the most favorable conditions for health improvement and sports tourism. The 350-kilometer strip of coast is almost entirely built up with sanatoriums, boarding houses, tourist bases and hotels - the density of recreation infrastructure is the highest in Russia.

All this predetermines the all-Russian and international significance of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus and allows it to successfully perform health-improving, educational, sports and therapeutic functions.

Location.

From the Kerch Strait to the border with Abkhazia, along the Black Sea coast stretches the most popular area for recreation, treatment and tourism in Russia - the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. The coast of the Caucasus is the only place in our country where the warm sea, picturesque palm trees and high mountains coexist. Therefore, here, on the narrow edge of the subtropical sea coast between the mountains and the sea, millions of people annually come together, thirsty for sea bathing, hot sun and southern beauties. Anapa, Gelendzhik, Tuapse, Sochi - these alluring names are always associated with health and the best rest.

The Black Sea coast of the Caucasus is the southern outpost of Russia. It is located at the same geographical latitude (43° -45° N. latitude) as the resorts of the Adriatic, the Italian and French Riviera and in many respects resembles them in its appearance.

Administratively, this region includes the Tuapse and Gelendzhik regions of the Krasnodar Territory, the resort cities of Sochi and Anapa.

Climate, weather.

The most important resort factor of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus is the humid subtropical climate of the Mediterranean type. The period with the most comfortable weather conditions for recreation lasts here from May 7 - 10 to October 20 - 25. During these periods, during each month, more than 20 days are observed with the most favorable weather for rest and treatment: air temperature and humidity, wind speed and precipitation, cloudiness and sunshine are in the optimal ratio for a person: the sun shines 2200 - 2400 hours a year, during the warm period there are only 8-12 cloudy days. The Black Sea chain of ridges of the Greater Caucasus surrounds the coastal strip like an amphitheater, protecting it from the penetration of cold winds from the north and east. On the contrary, moist sea air comes freely from the west, softening the winter cold and summer heat. Along with cyclones, a large amount of precipitation comes here from the sea.

The climate of the Black Sea region is characterized by mild, unstable weather, rainy winters with average monthly air temperatures of +2, +8 ° С and very warm - with temperatures of +20, +24 ° С - summer, during which stable clear or slightly cloudy dry weather prevails. Daytime temperatures even in winter sometimes rise to +15, +20° С, and in summer - up to + 30, + 32° С. However, the heat is easily tolerated, thanks to the breezes and the proximity of the mountains. Average annual air temperatures - +12, +14° С - are the highest in Russia.

The annual amount of precipitation increases from 600 - 700 mm in the north to 1500 - 1600 mm in the south of the Black Sea region, and even up to 2500 mm on the slopes of the mountains. But this should not confuse vacationers: most of the precipitation falls during the cold season - from November to March. The driest months are May, June, July. Moreover, in summer the rain does not cause much trouble - 1-2 hours of warm rain with a thunderstorm, and the sun shines again. After rain, the air is filled with the aroma of refreshed flowers and the tart, healing smell of pine and cypress needles.

The shores of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus are characterized by weak indentation, simplicity and smooth outlines. In many places there are abrasion (eroded) coasts. Such, for example, is the section between Sochi and Matsesta. With the erosion of the coast and landslides, an active struggle is being waged. Breakwaters, protective walls, groins - a distinctive feature of coastal landscapes. In some places, the spurs of the mountain ranges come straight to the shore, forming capes and bizarre rocks protruding into the sea: Utrish, Indokopas, Kodosh, Sail, Kiseleva rock are interesting objects constantly visited by tourists. Between Anapa and Khosta there are many rias bays, which arose as a result of the lowering of the coast and filled with sediment from numerous mountain rivers. Coastal marine pebbly plains, advanced into the sea in the form of wide flat capes (Adlerovsky, Sochi-Bytkh), are also formed as a result of the accumulating activity of rivers, which carry a huge mass of detrital material from the mountains. Life-friendly rias coasts and wide capes are almost entirely built up and occupied by lush evergreen subtropical vegetation.

North of Anapa, the coast is different. Low sandy estuary shores are common here. Some of the estuaries managed to lace up sandy spits, and turn into salt lakes. The Blagoveshchenskaya and Bugazskaya spits are unique natural formations in the north of the region. A little further to the north, on the southern steep coast of the Taman Peninsula, capes Panagia, Zhelezny Rog and the ancient Tmutarakan located between them are of great interest to tourists.

The features of the Black Sea beaches are associated with the nature of the coasts. From Adler to Olginka, almost everywhere, gravel and pebble beaches stretch in a strip of 20 to 80 meters. Between Gelendzhik and Anapa, narrow pebble beaches predominate, and to the north of Anapa, yellow sandy and white beaches sparkle in the sun. shell beaches, wide and very comfortable for families with children. Where rocks and piles of stone blocks of boulders come straight to the water, there are no natural beaches. But even here, in the sections Divnomorskoe - Dzhankhot, Dzhubga - Agria, Loo - Dagomys can always be found among the rocks comfortable descent to the sea and hide on a rocky or pebbly patch. Such an intimate wild vacation also has its own charm.

A unique feature of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus is a dissected relief, combined with greenery and multicolored peculiar vegetation. Green vegetation, bright colors of flowers and fruits, dissected relief together create a unique landscape diversity, have a beneficial, calming effect on a person. The mountains themselves and the natural objects associated with them: rocks, gorges, sinkholes and caves, waterfalls on mountain rivers- attract climbers, speleologists, hikers.

Low narrow leveled areas near the sea are occupied by Colchis chestnut forests with evergreen undergrowth and an abundance of exotic subtropical plants: palm trees, yucca, acacia, magnolias, lianas. In the north of the region, rich herb steppes approach directly to the sea. Everywhere there are orchards and vineyards, plantations of citrus, tea, tung.

Often, right at the sea coast, among the villages and urban areas, individual low (400 - 800 m) mountains and short ridges rise, covered with majestic oak and hornbeam forests: Plyakho, Flatakh, Mosye, Suetkha, Akhun. At a distance of 10-20 km from the sea, ridges of medium height (800-200 m) stretch: Alek, Iegosh, Amuko, Tkhab, on the slopes of which beech and spruce-fir forests grow. Ridges and individual massifs rise even further in the east. high mountains Main Caucasian Range: Chugush (3238 m), Achishkho (2391 m), Fisht (2867 m). From the observation platforms you can see rocky peaks and glaciers located on the slopes. Snow-covered mountain slopes in the vicinity of Krasnaya Polyana can be used for skiing from November to May.

The diversity of the flora of this region is striking. About 6,000 plant species grow here. Among them there are more than a hundred such plants that are found only in the Black Sea region. These are, for example, yew, boxwood, Pitsunda pine. There are also many relic plants here - witnesses of bygone geological epochs - cherry laurel, Pontic rhododendron, Colchis holly. These and many other amazing plants can be admired in numerous parks and squares of coastal cities, during excursions to arboretums and forest parks, to the unique Khosta yew-boxwood grove.