What is safer plane or train statistics. What mode of transport is the safest. Extensive rail network

calculate, what mode of transport is the safest, not so easy. To build a beautiful and visual graph, at least two indicators are required - the number of dead or injured, as well as the number of people who use this type of transport. For air, rail and water transport, finding this data is not difficult, because thanks to tickets, each person is taken into account. But with transport automotive problems. Tracking the movement of the average Russian from work, to work and to the store is not possible - after all, no one passes registration to leave on the threshold of their home.

Our transport safety rating according to statistics for 2018 was compiled using various sources - from the data of the National Union of Insurers, which keep statistics on registered insured events from 2012 to the present, to data on traffic accidents on the Rosstat website.

> 200 deaths per 1.6 billion km

Although the number of motorcycle accidents has decreased by more than 70% since 2005, the motorcycle still remains one of the most dangerous modes of transport. According to statistics, it turns out that every 1.6 billion kilometers of the way are paid for by the lives of more than two hundred drivers and their passengers.

A motorcycle, like another two-wheeled vehicle - a bicycle - is characterized by increased vulnerability, so accidents involving motorcyclists are highly likely to end sadly. Cause - non-compliance with the rules traffic, and, surprisingly, the fundamental refusal of some drivers to use a helmet.

5.75 people per 1.6 billion km

In second place in the number of road accidents are private cars. In total, at least 5.75 people die in 1.6 billion kilometers of the way.

The reasons are both the unwillingness of drivers to comply with the rules of the road, and the condition of the roadway, the increased wear and tear of the vehicle fleet due to the crisis and the deterioration in the purchasing power of the population. And also (due to the increase in the average age of life) and the aging of drivers. All these factors together ensure that automobile transport Russia will not be safe for a long time.

9.4 deaths per 1 million passengers

Among air transport the greatest danger to human life is not international shipping, and long-distance. Especially if a person in a helicopter is forced to go to those parts where even the notorious Makar prefers not to drive his calves. Perhaps this is the reason for such a high number of casualties among helicopter passengers. For every 1 million people, at least 9.4 are injured. Have to fall from high altitude, and, with a high degree of probability, the injuries will be incompatible with life.

5 dead per 1.5 billion km

Fixed-route taxis are by no means the safest form of transport in Russia. According to statistics, every 1.5 billion kilometers traveled by a minibus are paid for with five human lives. Among the reasons can be named both the work of drivers for wear and tear, and the design miscalculations of minibuses, the condition of the roads, the unwillingness to follow the rules of the road and drunk driving.

2.84 injured per 1 million transported

In 2018, there were several major accidents involving intercity buses, including a tragic accident in Voronezh region, when two buses collided, five people died and 17 were injured. In general, according to statistics, intercity and international buses not distinguished by safety - for every million passengers transported in accidents, at least 2.84 are injured or killed. In total for 2018 trips to intercity buses brought death to more than 600 passengers, and injured more than 13 thousand people.

2.3 accidents per 1 million passengers

This category includes both international ships and domestic river carriers. In total, in 2018, 62 incidents occurred during sea and river travel, which ended tragically for five people. In general, according to NSS statistics, for every million passengers carried, there are 2.3 accidents.

Passengers on sea and river boats not only the water element threatens, but also the fire element. One of common causes traffic accidents - a sudden outbreak of fire on board a ship, usually caused by a malfunction of the electrical wiring. This is not surprising, given that the Russian domestic fleet is in a deplorable state, and almost a third of the ships have celebrated 40 years of operation.

Probability of dying: 1:11,000,000

The safest transport in the world, however, in Russia it is not possible to obtain accurate statistics on the number of accidents per number of passengers. The data of the National Association of Insurers, on which we relied when assessing the risk of other modes of transport, are not available for them. The reason is the peculiarities of the insurance system in Russia; most air transport companies carry their passengers not only within the country, but also abroad. Therefore, they use international insurance policies.

That's why the plane is the most safe view transport: according to statistics, the odds of dying in an accident on board an aircraft are 1 in 11 million. For comparison: the chances of being struck by lightning while walking in a thunderstorm are 16 times higher!

0.17 accidents per 1 million passengers

This category includes both intercity and international trains, as well as ordinary commuter trains. In general, for 2018, the statistics for Russian Railways look excellent - for almost the entire year, from January to November, only seven accidents were registered. Unfortunately, there were no deaths - one person died. In general, there are no more than 0.17 accidents per 1 million passengers.

Everyone prefers to use one of the safest modes of transport more people, and one price does not explain it. After all, for some destinations, the cost of plane and train tickets is almost equal. According to the Russian Railways website, for 2018 in trains long distance transported almost 8% more passengers than last year. And the growth in the number of passengers on electric trains amounted to almost 3%.

0.09 cases per million transported

Trolleybus is in second place in terms of safety among modes of transport in Russia. According to NSS statistics, there are only 0.09 accidents for every million passengers carried. Most of them are banal “stumbled and fell”.

The reasons for the low injury rate of a trolleybus are very simple - its volume and weight, as well as its low speed. In the event of a collision with, for example, car much worse for a car. And the passengers of the trolleybus will get off with light bruises.

0.04 affected out of 1,000,000 people

The safest transport according to statistics for 2018 in terms of the ratio of the number of accidents to the number of passengers. In total, out of one million arrivals from point A to point B, no more than 0.04 people are injured. In addition to safety, the tram has many advantages:

• it moves more smoothly than a car and even a trolleybus;
• less noisy;
• completely autonomous from traffic jams (unless, of course, motorists are trying to drive along the tracks);
• of all urban transport causes the least harm to the environment.

Unfortunately, trams are gradually disappearing from small towns in Russia. The reason is the limited local budget, which is simply unable to support a separate line. In total, over the past twenty years, the number of trams has decreased by more than 35%. Does this mean that the safest mode of transport will gradually disappear from the urban landscape?

Probably, many have heard that traveling by air is much safer than any land or water way. And this is true, so you should not be afraid of flights. However, it is important to remember the following: There is no completely safe mode of transport! Each category has its own data on emergency situations and, alas, passenger mortality. However, statistics over the years have argued that hundreds of times die in air crashes. less people than, for example, as a result of an accident. Even cyclists (again, according to statistics) have more accidents than airline passengers. Interestingly, about 80% of people are afraid to fly, completely refuse to fly because of their fear 5%, preferring "safer" ground and water sports transport. Let's see which is safer: a plane or a train?

According to data collected over the past 5 years, the aircraft is recognized as the safest mode of transport. Trains and boats are a little behind.

Let's think about why the plane is the safest mode of transport. There are an unimaginable number of aircraft in the world. In 2013, it was found that every 3 seconds somewhere on globe one airliner lands.

Let's imagine that with this many planes, the chance of being in a plane crash was only 0.01%, then every day there would be at least 13 crashes. The real probability of a passenger becoming a victim of a plane crash is 1 to 8,000,000. Even if you fly daily, it would take 21,000 years to die in a plane crash. By comparison, the chance of being seriously injured just by walking is significantly higher: 1 in 1,749.

Rail transport is not far behind air transport in terms of safety. Most people die as a result of road accidents.

Keep silent about the collapse of even a small passenger aircraft impossible, so with the help of radio, TV and the Internet, the world learns about the real number of incidents. Another thing is that any plane crash is an extremely large-scale incident, so the news about the crashes is shocking in terms of the number of victims, as well as the footage of eyewitnesses and film crews.

A train derailment is no less a major event than an airplane crash. It is noteworthy that railway transport ranks second in terms of safety, since in the event of an accident, the passenger at least partially has the opportunity to take part in his own rescue. However, for example, since the beginning of 2016, 6 large-scale accidents have already been recorded in the world, and in 2015 - at least 24. safer than a train? very difficult, at least in view of the fact that different countries, as well as for different periods, statistics can vary greatly. However, one thing is 100% certain: most people in the world crash in cars.

Survival in air crashes

Many believe that if a person is on board an aircraft, wrecked, his chances of survival tend to zero. However, the statistics are more optimistic. In the United States, curious calculations were made, which took into account the statistics of 568 disasters that occurred between 1983 and 2001. The dead turned out to be only 5% of the total number of passengers on board. The chances of survival are significantly increased (by as much as 50%) if the aircraft makes an emergency splashdown. Therefore, routes passing through water areas are theoretically the safest.

Statistics and public opinion on this issue vary greatly. One thing is for sure: There are no absolutely safe modes of transport.. Nevertheless, many fears of passengers before using this or that mode of transport are unfounded.

According to a survey conducted in 2006 All-Russian Center study of public opinion (VTsIOM), aircraft in terms of safety are located on last place, and rail transport came in first place.

A positive assessment of it is given by 70% of respondents, and only 15% consider it “certainly dangerous”. Negative Feedback aviation received. 84% of respondents believe that such travel is dangerous, and 33% - that it is very dangerous. Similar assessments were made for water transport: 44% perceive it as a dangerous mode of transportation, and only 39% as safe. And the most popular form of transport - road - is rated ambiguously: 48% consider it safe, 50% - dangerous.

The statistics say otherwise. Aircraft is considered the safest, followed by water and rail transport.. But cars are considered the most dangerous means of transportation. The data are calculated based on the number of victims when using a particular mode of transport.

We feel most secure in. But according to statistics, the number of accidents is much higher than in. Usually they are not so massive and receive less public outcry.

According to ICAO ( international organization civil aviation- the UN agency that establishes international standards for civil aviation), there is one accident per million departures, which cannot be said about car and other accidents. But any plane crash, even the smallest aircraft immediately attracts media attention. This contributes to the formation of a negative opinion about aviation, as a very dangerous movement.

However, the investigation of air crashes suggests that they occur due to a combination of the rarest circumstances, the possibility of which is minimal (air crash statistics).

The probability that a passenger boarding a plane will die in a plane crash is approximately 1/8,000,000. If a passenger boards a random flight every day, it will take him 21,000 years to die.

It is also erroneous to think that in the event of a plane crash, the chances of surviving are minimal. According to the results of the analysis 568 aviation accidents that took place in United States from 1983 to 2000, the death toll is only 5% of total number passengers on board. According to these statistics, out of 53,487 people involved in air crashes, 51,207 survived. As a result of a more detailed study of 26 serious accidents, accompanied by strong blows liners on the ground, their breaking into pieces and fires, it turned out that about 50% of the people on board were saved in these disasters (how to survive in a plane crash).

The probability of survival of the crew of passengers and pilots is increased if the aircraft makes an emergency splashdown, even if it was not designed for such measures. Experts say that splashdown increases the chances of people surviving by 50%.

Against the background of the statistics of air crashes, the statistics of accidents on the roads does not look very rosy. Only in Russian Federation 203,603 traffic accidents occurred in 2009, resulting in 26,084 deaths and 257,034 injuries.

Of course, if we take as a basis the number of kilometers traveled, then the safest mode of transport can be safely considered space. In the entire history of development, only 3 spacecraft did not reach the earth (2 for the Americans and 1 for us). By the way, space tourism, despite its cost, is becoming increasingly popular, and the number of people wishing to visit space is constantly growing.

The author of this phrase is Dmitry Kuznetsov - captain and pilot Airbus aircraft A320 of Rossiya Airlines. About the fact that the plane is a very safe mode of transport, he is ready to talk for hours and with great pleasure. And it turned out to be interesting and convincing. Do you know, friends, that each system in the aircraft is duplicated several times? This means that if one fails, the other will perform the functions of a non-working one. And that the plane is able to take off and land even with one of the two engines under the wings completely out of action? And that the plane before the flight goes through such a meticulous inspection that even small chips and dents are marked on the outer body of the aircraft?



All this and much more was learned by a knowledge-hungry company of bloggers as part of the #pulkovotour, organized by the press service of Pulkovo Airport. On that day, we examined the aircraft, looked at the technical base, met with the rescuers and saw new terminal airport from the inside. This post is about inspecting an aircraft using an exampleAirbus A320.

We were all let through one of the airport checkpoints, dressed in vests with the inscription PRESS and taken to the plane.
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Here he is, handsome, does not fit entirely into the lens :)
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We went around the plane from all sides. Dmitry is on the right, in a cap and with a badge.
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From him (and not only) we learned that there are two types of aircraft maintenance: operational and technical. Operational maintenance is carried out each time before the flight and can last no more than 50 minutes according to the standard. The captain of the ship is obliged to accept the ship in good condition and he is directly involved in the maintenance. See the round stickers with the numbers on the body of the aircraft? This is how non-critical deformations of the metal are marked. One of the captain's tasks is to start by going around the entire aircraft from the outside, and note all the new dents in order to mark them with new stickers. During the inspection, it may seem that the captain is stroking the plane and talking to him. But it is true, this is a kind of tradition adopted from the older generation of the FAC.
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One of the plane's engines. Each blade is marked with a number in order. In the process of operational maintenance, the blades are inspected for the presence of dents from stones and birds.
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By the way, about birds. Contrary to popular belief about the danger of birds getting into aircraft engines, nothing will happen to the engine in this case and the flight will proceed as usual. But you definitely won’t envy the bird, the engine blades (sorry for the bloody details) will grind the bird into minced meat. Moreover, Dmitry said that aircraft engines are tested at special test sites, firing at a running engine ... with bird carcasses. Indeed, the safety of passengers requires bird prey.
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Engine on the side. This is a very complex, powerful and reliable device. And beautiful, as you can see :) You can’t be near a running engine, it will suck! The minimum safe distance is 6.5 meters. The most serious test for the engine is the takeoff mode, when the aircraft begins its takeoff roll and lifts off the runway. In this mode, the engines operate at maximum (or close to maximum) power. According to the regulations, pilots are supposed to turn on this mode for no more than 5 minutes. Otherwise, the engine is subjected to increased loads and the likelihood of its failure increases dramatically.
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On the body of the aircraft, you can see several similar technological holes and hatches. Each of them performs its function. For example, this one, if I'm not mistaken, serves to take in air for the aircraft's ventilation system.
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"Antennas" at the ends of the wings are used to remove static electricity from the body of the aircraft. To the right is one of the strobe lights that allow you to see the plane in the night sky. Airbuses, unlike Boeings, shine twice in a row with a pause. Boeing's strobes flash in uniform flashes, a little more than once per second.
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Then we moved inside, to the cabin of the aircraft. When will it be possible to sit in business class seats again? :) In the cabin, there was an opportunity to throw questions at Ivan Nikitin, the FAC of the Boeing-767 aircraft (I didn’t get into the frame, unfortunately). I remember there was a question about the most difficult airport for takeoff and landing. He mentioned the airport of Innsbruck, the landing of the plane there is complicated by the local terrain, you have to go around the mountains. Well, he talked a little about the global differences in aircraft manufactured by Boeing and Airbus.
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For our sake, Dmitry launched the APU (auxiliary power point) aircraft. It is used to supply electricity to aircraft instruments and other consumers, such as lighting and air ventilation. Those who have flown in an airplane ordinary passenger, heard the work of the Armed Forces of Ukraine when they boarded.
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So the cockpit began to look more elegant. By right hand from the chair to the manual control helm for flight direction (right?)
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Handles and buttons above the head. There are an unimaginable number of them here. I asked the captain what percentage of the total number of controls in the cockpit is actually used in regular situations? What greatly puzzled Dmitry, who began to calculate something in his mind. Unfortunately, I did not have time to get an answer, time was running out.
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Dmitry turns off the instruments and the APU.
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And this is a shot from the tail section of the aircraft. There are refrigerators, water containers, heaters, in general, equipment that is used by stewards and stewardesses.
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Business class seats
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Empty saloon
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Returning to the issue of aircraft safety as vehicle: according to the International Air Transport Association, in 2012 there were 29.600.000 flights made by western aircraft manufacturers (Boeing, Airbus, Embraer, Bombardier) and only 6 air crashes, and not a single one in Europe. These figures really say that the plane is the safest mode of transport. And the most dangerous is the car. After that, the fear of flying looks a little silly. It is much more likely to die from an accident on the roads than in the sky on an airplane.
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An airBaltic plane is landing. By the way, here's another one interesting fact which I learned that day. It turns out that it is best to land the plane roughly so that the landing gear of the aircraft hits the runway hard. This is to ensure that the aircraft gets good traction as soon as possible. Moreover, the more slippery the surface (for example, after rain) - the rougher it is necessary to land the plane. Therefore, the planes of almost all foreign companies land roughly, this is indicated in the flight rules and regulations. But in Russia, following the old, Soviet school of pilots, it is customary to land the plane easily. And this is fraught with loss of traction and roll out of the aircraft beyond runway. With such a landing style, they are actively fighting and gradually crowding out. So think many times before applauding the pilots who landed the plane easily and delicately :)
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And, finally, one more interesting fact. The rougher the plane lands, the more tire consumption. Have you seen black marks on those parts of the runway where planes land? This is the rubber from aircraft tires, which remains on the surface immediately after the aircraft touches the ground. So, the Boeing 747-400 aircraft leaves about 2.5 kilograms of rubber on the runway after only one landing!
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Thank you captains aircraft Rossiya Airlines for a very interesting story everything related to aircraft. It was noticeable that they sincerely love their work, planes, the sky. And part of this love they managed to pass on to us. It is a pity that there was little time for communication, and many interesting questions were remembered only after meeting with them.

Choosing what to get from point A to point B, we take into account 2 factors - speed and safety. long trips narrow the range of choice of vehicle. Today we will discuss the degree of danger of popular modes of transport.

Public opinion

"What is the safest transport?" - this was the question asked by VTsIOM sociologists. Monitoring was carried out for 3 years. Throughout the time, the opinion of Russians has not changed much. Considered safe:

• Metro - 69%;
• bus and tram - 68%;
• trains - 51%;
• cars -48%;
• trolley bus - 40%;
• ferries - 38%.

It is interesting to see how the attitude of people towards air travel has changed. In 2011, only 22% of respondents named the aircraft as the safest mode of transport. The following year, the number increased to 33%, and in 2013 it fell to 16%.

Director of the center V. Fedorov notes that information affects the indicators. Major plane crashes 2013 caused a drop in citizens' confidence in aircraft.

Statistics

Official data differ from the position of ordinary Russians. First, let's find out how the death rate is determined for different vehicles.

There are several methods. The most accurate and common is the calculation of the number of deaths per 100 million km or 160 million miles.

Each transport group has the safest types of cars, motorcycles, etc. But the average option "as a whole" is taken. American Bureau of Statistics DERT in 2000. calculated the crude death rate as follows:

• Aircraft - 0.5;
• buses - 0.4;
• trains - 0.6;
• minibuses - 1.2;
• water transport – 2,6;
• cars - 3.1;
• bicycles - 44.6;
• on foot - 54.2;
• motorcycle - 108.9.

Based on the coefficient of flights - 0.5, a person needs to fly 200 million km in order for him (according to statistics!) to have an accident. According to statistics, the safest mode of transport is the plane. It is followed by rail and water transport. In order not to be unfounded, I will take the latest reports as a basis.

Aviation-safety.net has been tracking aviation accidents since 1996. From June 1 to November 1, 2017 in the world crashed or committed emergency landing 117 aircraft, 279 people died.

For the first five months current year in Russia alone, 5,770 people died as a result of road accidents and another 71,461 were injured. Even the most safe cars unable to reduce this number.

According to regnum.ru, for 5 months the trains had the least results: 41 people were killed, 172 were injured.

Planes take to the air every 3 seconds. Therefore, the figures are quite comparable and give a general idea of ​​the number of victims over the same period of time. About 1,000 people die every year from air transport crashes. railway- up to two thousand.

Aviation

by the most safe means you can’t call a car a movement. In addition, the opinion that it is impossible to survive in a plane crash is also erroneous. If we refer to the resource table for registering incidents, we can see that in most cases there were no casualties. 500 accidents in the United States over 20 years accounted for 5% of deaths.

If we take from the sum only major crashes, then the mortality rate will be about 50%.

In 2007, Popular Mechanics magazine named the safest seats on an airplane. Journalists analyzed the data National Council US security for 30 years. They drew attention to the dependence of the number of victims on the place.

Nearly 70% of the survivors remain in the section beyond the edge of the aircraft's wing. Survive 56% of those sitting above the wing. The main impact in a collision with the ground falls on the nose of the liner, so the tail is relatively safe.

There are also statistics safe aircraft. Here are the top five:

• Airbus A340 - 341 aircraft of this type have been produced in 24 years. During 13.5 million flight hours, 5 accidents were recorded and no one was injured;
• Airbus A330 - 577 copies. 1 accident per 14 million flight hours. Total lost 8 pieces, 346 deaths;
• Boeing 747 - 1 accident in 17.5 million departures. 941 ships are in operation, 51 are lost as a result of accidents, 3732 people died.
• Boeing 737 NG - since 1997 3 tragedies occurred (1/17 million hours).

Interesting fact: Boeing 747 is officially certified to fly without 1 engine (out of 4). Those. in case of failure, he can safely continue the flight to the destination, without emergency landings.

The Boeing 777 is considered the safest aircraft in the world. The total flight time of 748 copies since 1995 has amounted to more than 20 million hours. 3 people died in two incidents. In the entire history, one ship has been lost. It is important to understand that the rating is compiled without taking into account hostilities and terrorist attacks..

Motor transport

Oddly enough, the car familiar to us is one of the most dangerous means movement, yielding perhaps to motorcycles. Let's think about your safety in the car. The testauto.ru resource publishes the data of the largest companies conducting crash tests. Based on this rating, we will determine the safest cars.

In the column overall score, “excellent” is given to Volkswagen Passat, Volvo XC-90, Toyota RAV-4, Toyota Prius, Mercedess E-class and C-class, Lexus GS, Jeep Grand Cherokee.

Such popular brands as BMV 3 series, Dodge Caliber, Honda Accord VI, Honda Civic Hathback V, Honda CR-V, Volvo S-70 and S-80 and a number of other cars passed the “good” test.

The main criteria for scoring are frontal and side impacts, coups, child safety. You can familiarize yourself with other assessments in detail on the indicated site, but we have listed all the excellent students. The source calls the Volvo XC90 the safest car in the world with reference to EuroNCAP specialists. The device dialed maximum amount stars.

Interestingly, in the evaluation system of some crash tests there is an indicator "pedestrians". Unfortunately, if you look at the table, it becomes clear that these road users are practically not protected by anything. Be careful on the roads!

Safe seats in the cabin

Automobile

Do you know what is the safest place in a car? Most people are convinced it's behind the driver's seat. If the vehicle is hit in the side, then the chances of salvation will be equal for the driver and the passenger sitting behind.

The center of the vehicle is least susceptible to damage in an accident. That's why the middle between the two rear seats is considered the most safe place in car.

Public transport

Least dangerous to borrow central places public transport. The logic is similar: the highest probability of collision with cars moving on the left. Accordingly, passengers sitting by the window will be under attack.

It is also not recommended to sit on the back four rows. On the first seats, it is better to sit behind the driver's seat, especially if the seats are located with their backs in the direction of travel. The middle of the cabin remains the safest place on the bus.

Other payment options

This article considers one option for calculating safety, in terms of passenger-kilometers. The question can be answered in terms of the number of deaths per billion hours. Then, the buses will come out in first place, and the planes will go down to third. If we take a billion trips as a basis, trains will become the leader, air travel will move to seventh place.

All methods have advantages and disadvantages. Extras use different algorithms. It is enough for us to know that it is safer to travel by land for short distances, and by air for long distances. Well, the safest transport is a spaceship. He is unbeatable in any case. In the entire history of space exploration, 18 people have died.

We introduced you to the transport safety calculation systems, introduced you to the course of sociological surveys. Now, the word is yours. What is your preferred means of transportation? We are waiting for your comments!