In what century was the city of postavy founded? Postavy. The central place on the square was occupied by the market

Postavy regional center Vitebsk region; first mentioned under 1581. Until the middle of the XVIII century. were an insignificant settlement located on the banks of two lakes formed by the river Myadelka. The established center was the market square, from which trade roads to Myadel and Druya ​​began. On its eastern side there was a wooden church (XVIXVIII centuries) and a Uniate church (1713). On the other side of the lake was a wooden Franciscan monastery. These buildings have not been preserved: they were replaced by stone models in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

In the second half of the XVIII century. Postavy belonged to A. Tyzengauz, who sought to turn his family estate into one of the centers of cultural and industrial transformation of the region. The same phenomenon was noted at Gorodnitsa in Grodno. Manufactory production was organized (35 enterprises in total). A large architectural ensemble, which included large group artisan dwellings.

In addition to residential buildings, the square housed malls — covered market, buildings for offices of manufactories, a hotel, a pharmacy, an austeria, an inn, a church, a church, etc. The market was badly damaged during the last war and is now dismantled. In its place is a park. Other buildings have also changed significantly, but until now the square has retained its significance as the compositional center of Postavy.

Modern historical Center Postavy includes Lenin Square (former Market Square), the development of Sovetskaya and Krasnoarmeiskaya streets and natural landscape pond and landscaped area around the church (built on the site of a wooden Franciscan church).

The origin of the existing layout of the square and adjacent sections of streets dates back to the 18th century. Despite the transformation of the architectural and spatial construction and the loss of many components of the ensemble, a significant number of monuments of the second half of the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries are noted in the development of the square.

On the western side of the square, two-story buildings of the former hospital and the former craftsman's house with a high curved pediment have been preserved. Between these buildings there is a small building, repeating on a smaller scale the baroque form of the pediment characteristic of the complex.

The monuments of the second half of the 18th century, which form the historical and architectural appearance of the square, also include the former visiting house and former houses artisans. The two-story building on the eastern side of the square is, in a rebuilt form, one of the buildings of the ensemble (school at the end of the 18th and 19th centuries).

The square combines civil and residential buildings in the Baroque style, which differ in the nature of the architecture of the facades. The relatively low ground floor, devoid of decoration, and the high pediment of various configurations define one type of composition. These buildings are set end-to-end, perpendicular to the side of the square. Buildings of the second type with plastic processing of walls have two floors with a high hipped roof.

One of the architectural dominants of the historical center is the Orthodox Church (on the site of a wooden Uniate church) in the forms of pseudo-Russian architecture of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. On north side area, a fragment of historical buildings, in addition to the house of the 18th century, consists of buildings of the second half of the 19th beginning of the 20th century. Their architectural forms are in harmony with the baroque facades of the Tyzengauz buildings. At the same time, the construction of one of the sides of the street was carried out. Soviet.

The special charm of the old city buildings of Postavy, historically built near the water, is given by the lakes filled with the Myadelka River. Monuments of architecture, towering over the lakes, together with greenery, form a picturesque panorama of the city.

This church is very picturesquely located on the riverside area on the shore of the lake. On this moment this church is in excellent condition, and is calling card the city of Postavy and the whole region. The Church of St. Anthony of Padua in Postavy is undoubtedly very interesting tourist attraction, important architectural monument beginning of the 20th century, a historical and cultural value and an interesting landmark of Belarus.

Another important landmark of Postavy is the palace built here at the beginning of the 19th century. The palace in Postavy is quite large and beautiful. It is in good condition, appearance hasn't really changed since it was built. And here interior decoration completely lost, and the internal layout has also been completely changed. Nowadays, the palace building houses the state medical institution. A small park has been preserved around the palace. Thus, the palace in Postavy is a very valuable architectural monument and a remarkable tourist attraction.

The next interesting sight in Postavy is the Church of St. Nicholas, built here in 1894. This temple is currently in good condition. It, like the church, is picturesquely located on the shore of the lake and is a historical and cultural value and an interesting landmark of Belarus.

Another interesting sight of Postavy is the building of the former water mill, built in the city center near the dam-bridge over the river Myadelka (which forms in this place small lake) in the second half of the 19th century. This mill was quite large, stone, industrial scale. The turbine and multi-stage transmission were located on the first floor, the millstones were on the second floor, and the auxiliary premises were on the third. The building of the mill is perfectly preserved.

Also very interesting sights of Postavy are a number of small buildings built in the second half of the 18th century, which form a beautiful ensemble of historical buildings. central square cities. Previously, these houses housed shops, taverns, small hotels They also served as housing. Actually, even now these buildings perform the same functions. This architectural ensemble is quite unique for Belarus and at the same time very interesting and valuable. There are several reasons for this. Firstly, most of historical urban development in other cities has been preserved only since the end of the 19th century, and here the 18th century. Secondly, in other cities scattered buildings are often preserved, but here a full-fledged architectural ensemble. The value of the historical development of the central square of the city of Postavy also lies in the fact that, using the example of this ensemble, one can imagine how a typical Belarusian shtetl, after all, such a square (which served as a market) was then available in every large town. Thus, the city of Postavy as a whole is very interesting. tourist destination for travelers in Belarus.

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Postavy located 190 kilometers north of Minsk, not far from the Lithuanian border. The city, standing on the Myadelka River, today is inhabited by about 20 thousand people. wealth of history and interesting monuments architecture attracts those who choose recreation and tourism in Belarus to the city.

First mention about Postavy refers to 1409. Then the settlement was located on the shores of two lakes formed by Myadelka. For a long time the city was in the possession of the magnates Deshpotov-Zenovichi, and in 1720 it passed to the Tyzenhauz family, who changed the appearance of Postavy and turned the city into a center of culture and industry. After the second partition of the Commonwealth in 1793, Postavy became part of Russian Empire.

Visiting card of the city- the Tizengauz Palace in Postavy, which now houses the district clinic. The palace was built at the end of the 19th century. Internal layout was badly damaged, but the appearance was practically not subject to change and was preserved in its original form. Near the palace, the tourist will also find an old park with elements of planning, canals, linden alleys that have been preserved in some places. Near the palace there is a monument to the famous Belarusian scientist Konstantin Tizengauz, who built the palace.

Other landmark of the city- the Church of St. Anthony of Padua in Postavy - one of the most beautiful in Belarus. It was built in 1903. The pseudo-Gothic architecture of the temple is perfectly combined with green landscape and the river. It is also impossible not to mention Orthodox Church St. Nicholas in Postavy, built in 1894. Big interest Among the tourists who have chosen to rest in Postavy, the historical buildings of the city center also cause. The surviving buildings of the 18th and 19th centuries - the "Craftsman's House", the "Doctor's House" and other buildings that are located on the central square, were built according to the designs of the architect D. Sacco invited from Italy and are distinguished by some specific features.

The water mill in Postavy, which can be found very close to the city center at the bridge over the river, invariably attracts the attention of city guests. It was built in the second half of the 19th century.

Another attraction of Belarus - a monument to Polish soldiers in Postavy - is known for its tragic fate. Lost in the yards on main square, the monument was erected at the burial site of Polish soldiers in 1934. In Soviet times, the eagle and the memorial plaque were knocked down, the graves dug up and a building was built in their place. However, the monument itself has been preserved. The tourist can also visit the tomb of the soldiers of the First World War, located to the right of the church.

You can learn more about the history of the region and the life of the famous Tyzengauz family in local history museum in Postavy.

Every year the city hosts a folk music festival. "Ringing cymbals and accordions", attracting the attention of lovers of folklore and recreation in Belarus.

Excursions to Postavy filled interesting stories about historical events and famous natives of the city, and visiting the unique sights of Postavy will leave an indelible impression.

Postavy is a city of regional subordination in the Vitebsk region. The city is located on the Myadelka River (the basin of the Western Dvina), 245 km from Vitebsk and 160 km from Minsk. Highways P27 (Braslav-Myadel), P110 (Deep-Lyntupy) and railway line Krulevshchizna-Lyntupy.

History of development - Postavy

Postavy was first mentioned in 1409 in connection with the endowment Bratoshin Zenovich by order of the Grand Duke of Lithuania Vitovt, the right to perpetual use of this territory. In 1522, Postavy was already mentioned as a private place in the possession of the Despot-Zenovichi, under whom a wooden church of the Mother of God was built here (rebuilt in 1760, has not survived to this day). During the Livonian War, Grand Duke Stefan Batory sent rafts with artillery from Postavy to Polotsk. During the campaign of the tsarist troops against Vilna in 1655, the town of Postavy was captured and burned by the corps of Vasily Petrovich Sheremetev.

In 1720 Postavy passed into the possession of the Tizenhausen family. Under the auspices of Anthony Tyzengauz, a tannery, paper and linen factories were organized in the town, production of belts was established, and several mills functioned. In addition, he carried out a large-scale reconstruction of the town. On the southern outskirts of Postavy, on the left bank of the Myadelka River, a palace with park. In 1775, the castle court was transferred from Myadel to Postavy. In 1782-1785. in the village there was a theatrical school of Tyzengauz, transported from Grodno. In 1791, Postavy received the status of a city.

As a result second division of the Commonwealth Postavy ended up as part of the Russian Empire, where they became the center of the county, in 1796 the new authorities approved the coat of arms of the city. However, the status of the settlement was soon downgraded to a shtetl. In 1814-1853. The posts were in the possession K. Tyzengauz who founded the ornithological museum here and art gallery, where in 1840 there were more than 60 paintings. In 1880 the estate passed into the possession of the Pshazdetskys. In 1898-1904. built in the town Church of St. Anthony of Padua. In 1897, the eponymous railroad station on the line Karalevshchyna - Pabrodyde.

In the years World War I Postavy were on the front line. In 1921, the city became part of Poland, at that time 2 sawmills, a brick factory, a steam mill, a brewery, and a bakery functioned in Postavy. The last owner of the estate in Postavy was Konstantin Pshezdetsky. On September 18, 1939, the city was occupied by units of the Belarusian Front of the Red Army and Postavy became part of the BSSR. During Great Patriotic War from July 6, 1941 to July 5, 1944 the city was under German occupation.

Tourism potential - Postavy

At present, the historical center of Postavy is a unique object for Belarus, since a complex of buildings of the 18th century has been preserved here, among which the complex of buildings on the former, buildings on the streets of Sovetskaya, Krasnoarmeyskaya and a section of natural landscape around the pond are especially distinguished. In the historical part of the city on the banks of the river Myadelka there is also an Orthodox church (erected in 1894), and on the other side there is (1898 - 1904), which is a one-tower basilica with a five-sided apse.

At the end of the XVIII century. near the bridge across the river Myadelka was erected, adapted in the 19th century. for the construction of industrial and economic purposes. Today it is located here House of crafts "Stary Mlyn".

Near the square Antony Tyzengauz in the 18th century. a large stone building in the style of classicism with a U-shaped contour was laid (completed only in the first third of the 19th century by Konstantin Tyzengauz). The facades of the building are decorated with vertical blades, between which there are large windows. In 2006, a full-length monument to the ornithologist Konstantin Tyzengauz was erected in front of the palace. Adjacent to the palace a park 18th century an area of ​​about 10 hectares with canals and the remains of old linden alleys, exotic plants in decorative groups.

Since 1992, Postavy has hosted an international festival of folk music "Ringing cymbals and accordions".