The safest vehicle in the world. The safest mode of transport: statistics in the world

Very often I heard conversations and judgments about which transport is safer. They are especially intensified after another catastrophe.

Some say that the planes, despite the number of accidents and the hype around them, are actually very safe, if you look at the statistics. That, they say, die faster under the wheels of a car.

Others say that the safest are trains. North Korean leader Kim Jong Il, for example, traveled only by train.

So which is safer? As a person who loves to travel, this has always been interesting to me.

Let's try to figure this out.

In order not to be unfounded, we need specific numbers. Let's take statistics for Russia for the last 10 years (from 2005 to 2014) from the website of the State Statistics Committee - http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/enterprise/transport/#

The death toll in absolute numbers looks like this:

As you can see, on highways the majority perishes - it's thousands.

Figures by railway transport seem suspiciously small - after all, there was a Nevsky Express with the dead, but for some reason these figures are not in the official statistics. It turns out, as follows from the explanations of the State Statistics Committee, the figures for railway transport include only those who died due to the fault of Russian Railways.

But don't worry, we'll take Additional information from wikipedia:

This does not guarantee us absolute accuracy, but we will receive the missing information about the Nevsky Express in 2009, and the explosion at the railway station in Volgograd in 2013.

Thus, we will correct our table of the dead:

Now let's look at the transportation statistics according to the same State Statistics Committee:

In order to compare transport and fatality data, it is necessary that the measurements refer to the same type of transport. Unfortunately, the data on those killed on roads and streets includes both transportation for a fee on buses, taxis, trolleybuses and other modes of transport, as well as private trips on their own personal vehicles and dead pedestrians. It is difficult to say how many private vehicles are on the roads every day.

It turns out that it is possible to correctly compare the number of people transported and the number of dead only for four types of transport:

I got the coefficient in column 4 by dividing column 3 by column 2 and by 1,000,000 (because column 2 is in millions).

What does this ratio mean? In fact, this is the probability of dying on a particular mode of transport. For example, a number 0.000000006 for rail transport, means that for each transported billion according to the theory of probability, a person can die 6 Human.

We see that for maritime transport the probability is the highest and is 5 person for each transported million Human. And for air transport- almost 2 person for each transported million.

For people traveling on long distance, usually the choice is between train and plane.

I always wanted to know how the train safer than an airplane. Let's calculate it: divide 0.000001715 on 0.000000006 and we get 268 . IN 268 once!!! I never thought that there would be such a difference, but these are facts - with billions of passengers transported over 10 years, only 74 people died on the railways, and with a number 19 times less, 14 times more people died on air transport.

Now I understand Kim Jong Il: if you transfer his entire country (25 million) by train, no one will die, but if by plane, then according to probability theory, at least 42 people can die ...

As for statistics on other modes of transport. Since January 2015, a statistical observation form has been introduced, Form N of an accident "Information on traffic accidents", where in section 8 you can see information about the passengers of buses, trolleybuses and trams who died in an accident.

Information for January-September 2015 can be viewed on the traffic police website:

According to the traffic police for this period died:

- 82 bus passenger

- 3 trolley bus passenger

- 1 tram passenger

Considering that even more passengers are transported by trams and trolleybuses than by railway, these figures look very good. And for buses, the statistics are only slightly worse than those for the railway. But again, these statistics have just begun to be collected, and final conclusions can be drawn in 2-3 years.

What conclusions can be drawn? Rail transport is the safest. Although the statistics on road deaths are huge in absolute terms, they mostly refer to unorganized private car trips and to pedestrians on the roads. If you travel by bus, then you greatly increase your chances of safely completing the journey.

Vehicles allow us to move around the world quickly and comfortably, but at what cost? Millions of people die every year in transport.

10. Moped and motorcycle

Mopeds and motorcycles rightfully occupy the tenth position of our ranking of the most without dangerous species transport. For many years in a row, such transport has been considered the most dangerous. Of the total traffic, motorcycles make up only 1%, while on the roads 20% of deaths occur precisely in this species transport.

In order to survive, you should remember that you can not develop a dashing speed of more than 70 km / h. Desperate bravado is not only inappropriate, it can also cost the life of the driver. And if he took a passenger with him .. According to statistics, 125 deaths occur for every 1.5 billion km .. The death rate of drivers of ordinary cars is 28 times less than the death rate of motorcycle drivers. These are the modern facts.

From year to year, the bicycle is considered one of the most dangerous types of transport, according to official statistics. This year is no exception, unfortunately. The most common accidents involving bicycles occur when they collide with cars.

The number of such accidents on the roads is constantly growing. Therefore, cyclists should be as careful as possible. Since teenagers are the most likely to die in such crashes, all parents should consider this moment. At 1.5 billion km. According to statistics, 35 deaths are accounted for.

8. Subway

This type of transport in case of accidents ruins the lives of many people at once. And emergencies in the subway are especially dangerous for citizens. If we talk about Russia, most often the victims are passengers of the Moscow metro.

7. Sea transport

Ferries are not as safe as amateurs would like water transport. According to statistics current year, by 1.5 billion km. accounts for 20 deaths. In particular, it should be noted that not every death occurs as a result of a crash.

Passengers have been known to fall overboard. Water transport is also unsafe!

6. Spaceship

Only 18 spacecraft that have been sent into boundless space since the very first flight in 1961 have failed to return. And this is despite the impressive amount of transport of this type sent into space.

There were 530 ships in total. It should be borne in mind that people did not die in space itself. Tragedies happened during takeoff or at the time of landing. According to statistics, 1.5 billion km. accounts for 7 human deaths.

5. Minibus

Unfortunately, it is not uncommon for people to die while traveling on this type of transport, often due to the low qualification of drivers.

4. Car

Previously, cars were considered an incredibly dangerous type of transport. So how, in statistics, one of the most safe types transport turned out to be a car? Everything is very simple.

Cars have been significantly improved in last years. Thus, the number of accidents has been significantly reduced. New statistics show that 1.5 billion km. There are four deaths in the share of cars. However, this does not mean that you can safely forget about safety measures or become fans of crazy driving.

3. Bus

For 1 billion km. accounts for 0.5 deaths according to official statistics. This applies to ordinary buses. Therefore, in the ranking of the safest modes of transport, it was buses that took the honorable 3rd place.

In Europe, this type public transport is among the safest. In Egypt, things are worse, as in the Russian Federation. But still, in the third position of the ranking, buses are deservedly.

However, do not forget about the terrible incidents associated with this type of transport. It is worth at least remembering how a bus was rammed by a truck in the capital. And this is not an isolated case!

2. Plane

But, according to statistics, the plane cannot be attributed to the safest modes of transport. However, 0.5 deaths occur per 1.5 billion km, if we also take into account small aircraft with helicopters. Commercial ships will always trump ordinary light aircraft in danger.

However, we should not forget that the worst thing, in the case of air crashes, is the fact that almost none of the huge number of passengers manage to escape. And even the crew of an aircraft in air crashes is often no more lucky. It is known that such incidents can never be an accident.

When a plane crash occurs, a combination of certain factors is to blame. However, airplanes are always considered one of the safest types of transport. And statistics every year confirm this. But the most surprising thing is that often people are much more afraid of flying on airplanes than riding motorcycles.

Trains, according to statistics, are considered the safest transport in the world and were in the first place of our list. This is especially true for American and European trains, with only 0.2 deaths per 1.5 billion km. for the trains.

If we take only Russian Federation, in railway transport, the mortality rate is 0.7 per 1.5 billion km, which is also not very high.

Comparative characteristics of transport modes in terms of safety.

Many passengers, when choosing a transport, are guided by their own preferences. Moreover, every second person is mistaken in the relative safety of this or that type of transport. A lot of people think about safety when choosing a vehicle. At the same time, there is an opinion that the train is the safest. In this article, we will dispel all the myths regarding the safety of movement.

The most unsafe and dangerous mode of transport in the world: statistics

Oddly enough, but the most dangerous mode of transport can be considered a motorcycle. In total, 42 people die per 100 ml miles. This is a huge number, since several thousand people turn out a year.

In second place are cars, minibuses and buses. You yourself often become witnesses of car accidents. 1.2 ml of people die in car accidents per year. Just think about these numbers.

The rating does not take into account unusual modes of transport. That is, no dog sledding and space ships. Otherwise, the safest could be considered a spaceship. But since so far no one makes intergalactic daily flights, the statistics speak in favor of the aircraft.

Many people think that the plane is the most safe view transport and completely in vain. In the world, it is customary to calculate the danger of displacement as the number of victims per 100 million miles. As a result, it turns out that the death rate from the aircraft is only 0.6 people. In 2016, there were 21 air crashes, while the total number of deaths was about a thousand people. You will think that this is a lot. But in fact, more cyclists die every year in the world.

Despite the delusion of many, the first place among safe transport is the plane. Mortality is very low. Perhaps this is related to more speed movement than a train. Accordingly, it turns out that the plane flies these 160 ml kilometers much faster than the train. Therefore, the mortality statistics are lower. In principle, mortality directly depends on the speed of transport. On average, 0.9 people die per 100 ml miles when moving a train, and only 0.6 on an airplane. That is, the death rate in trains exceeds the death rate in airplanes by one and a half times.

Now many people have a lot of phobias about traveling in airplanes. This is due to the fact that almost every year there are colossal accidents that all the media talk about. But this does not mean that flying in airplanes is very dangerous. In fact, many people die from car accidents. more people. The most interesting thing is that most people believe that there are no survivors after a plane crash. Actually it is not. A third of all passengers die. While in a car accident half.

The statistics of insurance companies also speak in favor of aircraft. In case of a car accident, the payments are small, and in case of a plane crash, they are simply huge. Therefore, we can agree that no one would pay a lot of money if air crashes happened very often.

According to statistical estimates, which were based on the number of victims in air crashes, aviation turned out to be the safest mode of transport. The second and third place belongs to water and rail transport, respectively.

The most interesting thing is that passengers, on the contrary, consider the plane the most dangerous mode of transport. This is due to the fact that the media publicizes any plane crash. At the same time, few people talk about train accidents. If you resort to statistics, with daily travel by plane, the probability of death is very low. With daily use of air transport, you can get into a plane crash in the 21st century.

There are certain statistics of the most reliable modes of transport. This is confirmed by insurance companies. Most of the money is given in the insurance of water and air transport.

Security stats:

Airplane
Train
Bus
Automobile
Shuttle taxi
Ship
Metro
Bike
Motorbike

According to statistics, you can safely use air transport, it is really the most reliable.

As you can see, people's opinions and statistics are completely different. Many people are afraid of the plane, although in fact this mode of transport is the safest.

VIDEO: A safe mode of transport

calculate, what mode of transport is the safest, not so easy. To build a beautiful and visual graph, at least two indicators are required - the number of dead or injured, as well as the number of people who use this type of transport. For air, rail and water transport, finding this data is not difficult, because thanks to tickets, each person is taken into account. But with transport automotive problems. Tracking the movement of the average Russian from work, to work and to the store is not possible - after all, no one passes registration to leave on the threshold of their home.

Our transport safety rating according to statistics for 2018 was compiled using various sources - from the data of the National Union of Insurers, which keep statistics on registered insured events from 2012 to the present, to data on traffic accidents on the Rosstat website.

> 200 deaths per 1.6 billion km

Although the number of motorcycle accidents has decreased by more than 70% since 2005, the motorcycle still remains one of the most dangerous modes of transport. According to statistics, it turns out that every 1.6 billion kilometers of the way are paid for by the lives of more than two hundred drivers and their passengers.

A motorcycle, like another two-wheeled vehicle - a bicycle - is characterized by increased vulnerability, so accidents involving motorcyclists are highly likely to end sadly. Cause - non-compliance with the rules traffic, and, surprisingly, the fundamental refusal of some drivers to use a helmet.

5.75 people per 1.6 billion km

In second place in the number of road accidents are private cars. In total, at least 5.75 people die in 1.6 billion kilometers of the way.

The reasons are both the unwillingness of drivers to comply with the rules of the road, and the condition of the roadway, the increased wear and tear of the vehicle fleet due to the crisis and the deterioration in the purchasing power of the population. And also (due to the increase in the average age of life) and the aging of drivers. All these factors together ensure that automobile transport Russia will not be safe for a long time.

9.4 deaths per 1 million passengers

Among air transport, the greatest danger to human life is not international shipping, and long-distance. Especially if a person in a helicopter is forced to go to those parts where even the notorious Makar prefers not to drive his calves. Perhaps this is the reason for such a high number of casualties among helicopter passengers. For every 1 million people, at least 9.4 are injured. Have to fall from high altitude, and, with a high degree of probability, the injuries will be incompatible with life.

5 dead per 1.5 billion km

Fixed-route taxis are by no means the safest form of transport in Russia. According to statistics, every 1.5 billion kilometers traveled by a minibus are paid for with five human lives. Among the reasons can be named both the work of drivers for wear and tear, and the design miscalculations of minibuses, the condition of the roads, the unwillingness to follow the rules of the road and drunk driving.

2.84 injured per 1 million transported

Several things happened in 2018 major incidents involving intercity buses, including a tragic accident in Voronezh region, when two buses collided, five people died and 17 were injured. In general, according to statistics, intercity and international buses not distinguished by safety - for every million passengers transported in accidents, at least 2.84 are injured or killed. In total for 2018 trips to intercity buses brought death to more than 600 passengers, and injured more than 13 thousand people.

2.3 accidents per 1 million passengers

This category includes both international ships and domestic river carriers. In total, in 2018, 62 incidents occurred during sea and river travel, which ended tragically for five people. In general, according to NSS statistics, for every million passengers carried, there are 2.3 accidents.

Passengers on sea and river boats not only the water element threatens, but also the fire element. One of common causes traffic accidents - a sudden outbreak of fire on board a ship, usually caused by a malfunction of the electrical wiring. This is not surprising, given that the Russian domestic fleet is in a deplorable state, and almost a third of the ships have celebrated 40 years of operation.

Probability of dying: 1:11,000,000

The safest transport in the world, however, in Russia it is not possible to obtain accurate statistics on the number of accidents per number of passengers. The data of the National Association of Insurers, on which we relied when assessing the risk of other modes of transport, are not available for them. The reason is the peculiarities of the insurance system in Russia; most air transport companies carry their passengers not only within the country, but also abroad. Therefore, they use international insurance policies.

That's why the plane is the safest mode of transport: according to statistics, the odds of dying in an accident on board an aircraft are 1 in 11 million. For comparison: the chances of being struck by lightning while walking in a thunderstorm are 16 times higher!

0.17 accidents per 1 million passengers

This category includes both intercity and international trains, as well as ordinary commuter trains. In general, for 2018, the statistics for Russian Railways look excellent - for almost the entire year, from January to November, only seven accidents were registered. Unfortunately, there were no deaths - one person died. In general, there are no more than 0.17 accidents per 1 million passengers.

More and more people prefer to use one of the safest modes of transport, and this cannot be explained by price alone. After all, for some destinations, the cost of plane and train tickets is almost equal. According to the Russian Railways website, for 2018 in trains long distance transported almost 8% more passengers than last year. And the growth in the number of passengers on electric trains amounted to almost 3%.

0.09 cases per million transported

Trolleybus is in second place in terms of safety among modes of transport in Russia. According to NSS statistics, there are only 0.09 accidents for every million passengers carried. Most of them are banal “stumbled and fell”.

The reasons for the low injury rate of a trolleybus are very simple - its volume and weight, as well as its low speed. In the event of a collision with, for example, car much worse for a car. And the passengers of the trolleybus will get off with light bruises.

0.04 affected out of 1,000,000 people

The safest transport according to statistics for 2018 in terms of the ratio of the number of accidents to the number of passengers. In total, out of one million arrivals from point A to point B, no more than 0.04 people are injured. In addition to safety, the tram has many advantages:

it moves more smoothly than a car and even a trolleybus;
less noisy;
completely autonomous from traffic jams (unless, of course, motorists are trying to drive along the tracks);
of all urban transport causes the least harm to the environment.

Unfortunately, trams are gradually disappearing from small towns in Russia. The reason is the limited local budget, which is simply unable to support a separate line. In total, over the past twenty years, the number of trams has decreased by more than 35%. Does this mean that the safest mode of transport will gradually disappear from the urban landscape?

The author of this phrase is Dmitry Kuznetsov - captain and pilot Airbus aircraft A320 of Rossiya Airlines. About the fact that the plane is a very safe mode of transport, he is ready to talk for hours and with great pleasure. And it turned out to be interesting and convincing. Do you know, friends, that each system in the aircraft is duplicated several times? This means that if one fails, the other will perform the functions of a non-working one. And that the plane is able to take off and land even with one of the two engines under the wings completely out of order? And that the plane before the flight goes through such a meticulous inspection that even small chips and dents are marked on the outer body of the aircraft?

All this and much more was learned by a knowledge-hungry company of bloggers as part of the #pulkovotour, organized by the press service of Pulkovo Airport. On that day, we examined the aircraft, looked at the technical base, met with the rescuers and saw new terminal airport from the inside. This post is about inspecting an aircraft using an exampleAirbus A320.

We were all let through one of the airport checkpoints, dressed in vests with the inscription PRESS and taken to the plane.
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Here he is, handsome, does not fit entirely into the lens :)
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We went around the plane from all sides. Dmitry is on the right, in a cap and with a badge.
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From him (and not only) we learned that there are two types of aircraft maintenance: operational and technical. Operational maintenance is carried out each time before the flight and can last no more than 50 minutes according to the standard. The captain of the ship is obliged to accept the ship in good condition and he is directly involved in the maintenance. See the round stickers with the numbers on the body of the aircraft? This is how non-critical deformations of the metal are marked. One of the captain's tasks is to start by going around the entire aircraft from the outside, and note all the new dents in order to mark them with new stickers. During the inspection, it may seem that the captain is stroking the plane and talking to him. But it is true, this is a kind of tradition adopted from the older generation of the FAC.
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One of the plane's engines. Each blade is marked with a number in order. In the process of operational maintenance, the blades are inspected for the presence of dents from stones and birds.
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By the way, about birds. Contrary to popular belief about the danger of birds getting into aircraft engines, nothing will happen to the engine in this case and the flight will proceed as usual. But you definitely won’t envy the bird, the engine blades (sorry for the bloody details) will grind the bird into minced meat. Moreover, Dmitry said that aircraft engines are tested at special test sites, firing at a running engine ... with bird carcasses. Indeed, the safety of passengers requires bird prey.
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Engine on the side. This is a very complex, powerful and reliable device. And beautiful, as you can see :) You can’t be near a running engine, it will suck! The minimum safe distance is 6.5 meters. The most serious test for the engine is the takeoff mode, when the aircraft begins its takeoff roll and lifts off the runway. In this mode, the engines operate at maximum (or close to maximum) power. According to the regulations, pilots are supposed to turn on this mode for no more than 5 minutes. Otherwise, the engine is subjected to increased loads and the likelihood of its failure increases dramatically.
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On the body of the aircraft, you can see several similar technological holes and hatches. Each of them performs its function. For example, this one, if I'm not mistaken, serves to take in air for the aircraft's ventilation system.
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"Antennas" at the ends of the wings are used to remove static electricity from the body of the aircraft. To the right is one of the strobe lights that allow you to see the plane in the night sky. Airbuses, unlike Boeings, shine twice in a row with a pause. Boeing's strobes flash in uniform flashes, a little more than once per second.
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Then we moved inside, to the cabin of the aircraft. When will it be possible to sit in business class seats again? :) In the cabin, there was an opportunity to throw questions at Ivan Nikitin, the FAC of the Boeing-767 aircraft (I didn’t get into the frame, unfortunately). I remember there was a question about the most difficult airport for takeoff and landing. He mentioned the airport of Innsbruck, the landing of the plane there is complicated by the local terrain, you have to go around the mountains. Well, he talked a little about the global differences in aircraft manufactured by Boeing and Airbus.
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For our sake, Dmitry launched the APU (auxiliary power point) aircraft. It is used to supply electricity to aircraft instruments and other consumers, such as lighting and air ventilation. Those who have flown in an airplane ordinary passenger, heard the work of the Armed Forces of Ukraine when they boarded.
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So the cockpit began to look more elegant. By right hand from the chair to the manual control helm for flight direction (right?)
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Handles and buttons above the head. There are an unimaginable number of them here. I asked the captain what percentage of the total number of controls in the cockpit is actually used in regular situations? What greatly puzzled Dmitry, who began to calculate something in his mind. Unfortunately, I did not have time to get an answer, time was running out.
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Dmitry turns off the instruments and the APU.
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And this is a shot from the tail section of the aircraft. There are refrigerators, water containers, heaters, in general, equipment that is used by stewards and stewardesses.
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Business class seats
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Empty saloon
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Returning to the issue of the safety of aircraft as a vehicle: according to the International Air Transport Association, in 2012, 29,600,000 flights were made by aircraft from Western manufacturers (Boeing, Airbus, Embraer, Bombardier) and only 6 air crashes, and not a single one in Europe. These figures really say that the plane is the safest mode of transport. And the most dangerous is the car. After that, the fear of flying looks a little silly. It is much more likely to die from an accident on the roads than in the sky on an airplane.
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An airBaltic plane is landing. By the way, here's another one interesting fact which I learned that day. It turns out that it is best to land the plane roughly so that the landing gear of the aircraft hits the runway hard. This is to ensure that the aircraft gets good traction as soon as possible. Moreover, the more slippery the surface (for example, after rain) - the rougher it is necessary to land the plane. Therefore, the planes of almost all foreign companies land roughly, this is indicated in the flight rules and regulations. But in Russia, following the old, Soviet school of pilots, it is customary to land the plane easily. And this is fraught with loss of traction and roll out of the aircraft beyond runway. With such a landing style, they are actively fighting and gradually crowding out. So think many times before applauding the pilots who landed the plane easily and delicately :)
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And, finally, one more interesting fact. The rougher the plane lands, the more tire consumption. Have you seen black marks on those parts of the runway where planes land? This is the rubber from aircraft tires, which remains on the surface immediately after the aircraft touches the ground. So, the Boeing 747-400 aircraft leaves about 2.5 kilograms of rubber on the runway after only one landing!
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Thank you captains aircraft Rossiya Airlines for a very interesting story everything related to aircraft. It was noticeable that they sincerely love their work, planes, the sky. And part of this love they managed to pass on to us. It is a pity that there was little time for communication, and many interesting questions were remembered only after meeting with them.