Statistics of air crashes in the world by country. Causes of air crashes and the safest types of aircraft according to statistics

Ten years ago, the State program for ensuring flight safety was adopted aircraft civil aviation. Four years later, in 2012, additions were made to the Air Code of the Russian Federation. In addition, almost every quarter, departments sign and send out strict orders and orders to strengthen control, vigilance, and discipline in Russian aviation. Why can't we move from words to deeds? Actually, two authoritative Russian experts: Member of the Board of the World Aviation Safety Foundation Valery Shelkovnikov and member of the World Aviation Safety Foundation Sergey Melnichenko. Especially for Yuri Chaika, they compiled the “Safety Profile of the Russian Federation in the 21st Century”, which lists all air crashes in the country since the beginning of the century.

Yu.Ya. Chaika, Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation
Dear Yuri Yakovlevich,

We are sending you the “Safety Profile of the Russian Federation in the 21st Century” in order to supervise compliance with laws to ensure flight safety. We believe that the information will be useful to you in improving the safety of flights, including state aviation. Using the experience of professionals, you can change the situation for the better. Remember, we all use air travel!
Sincerely,
Valery Shelkovnikov, President of the International Advisory and Analytical Agency "Flight Safety", laureate of the USSR State Prize in the field of flight safety, member of the board of the World Aviation Safety Foundation.
Sergei Melnichenko, CEO International Consultative and Analytical Agency "Flight Safety", a member of the World Aviation Safety Foundation.

SAFETY PROFILE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY

Statistics:

July 4, 2001 Irkutsk region. Tu-154 of Vladivostok Air crashed while landing in Irkutsk. All 145 people died.

2001, October 4, Black Sea. While flying at the echelon, the Tu-154 aircraft of Siberia Airlines was shot down by a missile fired by the Ukrainian military. 78 people died (all).

2001, December 1, New Inya. A fire broke out on an Il-76TD aircraft of the border troops. While trying to make an emergency landing, the plane collided with the ground. All 18 people on board were killed. The plane carried the registration plates of a commercial aircraft.

2004, August 24, after taking off from Domodedovo, due to a bomb explosion on board during the flight, the Tu-134 plane of the Volga-Aviaexpress airline crashed, on which 44 people died (all) and the Tu-154 plane of the Siberia airline, on which 46 died person (everyone).

March 16, 2005, Varandey. The An-24RV aircraft of the Regionavia airline crashed while performing a landing approach; out of 52 people, 28 died.

2006 July 9, Irkutsk. While landing, an Airbus A-310 of Siberia Airlines crashed. Of the 203 people, 125 died.

March 17, 2007, Samara. While landing, a Tu-134 aircraft of UTAIR Airlines crashed. Six people out of 57 died.

On May 6, 2008, the State Program for Ensuring the Safety of Civil Aviation Flights was approved by Order of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 641-r. Did not help:

May 26, 2008, Chelyabinsk. When returning to Chelyabinsk, due to a fire on board, the An-12 aircraft of the Muscovy airlines crashed before reaching the airfield 11 km. All 9 people on the plane were killed.

2008, September 14, Perm. Aeroflot-Nord Boeing 737-500 crashed while landing. All 88 people on board were killed.

January 9, 2009, Altai. During the hunt, the Mi-171 helicopter crashed, killing 7 people out of 11 on board.

March 22, 2010, Moscow/Domodedovo airfield area. The Tu-204 aircraft of the Aviastar-Tu airline, in which there were only eight crew members, crashed while landing at the destination airfield. Everyone survived, but the plane was destroyed.

August 3, 2010, Igarka. The An-24 aircraft of the Katek-Avia airline crashed while performing a landing approach. Twelve out of fifteen people died.

December 4, 2010, Moscow/Domodedovo. During an emergency landing, the Tu-154M aircraft of the Dagestan Airlines rolled out of the runway and broke. Two people died.

January 1, 2011, Surgut. Due to a fire that started on the ground in the electrical system of the Kogalymavia Tu-154 aircraft, the aircraft completely burned down, three people out of 134 died.

March 5, 2011, Belgorod region. During a test flight before being handed over to the customer, the An-148 aircraft crashed. All six people on board were killed.

June 20, 2011, Petrozavodsk. During the landing, the Tu-134A3 aircraft of the RusAir airline crashed. 47 of the 52 people on board were killed.

July 11, 2011, R. Ob. After an engine fire, the crew of the An-24RV aircraft of the Angara airline landed on the water surface of the Ob River. Of the 37 people, seven died.

August 9, 2011, Omsukchan. Due to an engine fire, the An-12 aircraft of the Avis-Amur airline was returning to Magadan, but crashed near Omsukchan. All 11 people on board were killed.

September 7, 2011, Yaroslavl. During the takeoff, the Yak-42 aircraft of the Yak-Service airline crashed. Of the 45 people on board, 44 were killed.

April 2, 2012, Tyumen. After takeoff, the ATR72 aircraft of the UTair airline crashed. 33 of the 43 people on board were killed.

September 12, 2012, Palana. The An-28 aircraft of the Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky airline suffered a catastrophe during landing, 10 of the fourteen people on board were killed.

On December 25, 2012, the Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 260-FZ “On Amendments to the Air Code of the Russian Federation” was issued, which supplemented it with Article 24.1, which became the most important amendment to the Air Code on the issue of the Flight Safety Management System in the Russian Federation.

Article 24.1. Implementation state system management of civil aircraft flight safety is provided in the Russian Federation in accordance with international standards International Civil Aviation Organization.

The Government of the Russian Federation, as part of ensuring the implementation of the state civil aircraft safety management system, establishes the procedure for the development and application of aircraft flight safety management systems legal entities- developers and manufacturers of civil aircraft, legal entities and individual entrepreneurs engaged in commercial air transportation, legal entities providing maintenance of civil aircraft, air navigation services for aircraft flights, educational organizations and organizations providing training for pilots of civil aircraft, operators of certified civil aviation aerodromes in relation to aircraft, the development, production, operation or maintenance of which is carried out by the specified legal individuals, individual entrepreneurs, educational institutions.

In order to manage the safety of civil aircraft flights, the authorized body in the field of civil aviation, in accordance with the procedure established by the Government of the Russian Federation, collects and analyzes data on hazard and risk factors that pose a threat to the safety of civil aircraft flights, stores these data and exchanges them in accordance with with international standards of the International Civil Aviation Organization.

It looks like this didn't help either:

December 29, 2012, Moscow/Vnukovo. As a result of rolling out of the runway after landing, the Red Wings Tu-204 aircraft killed five people out of eight on board.

On February 25, 2013, the ICAO Council adopted Annex 19 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation “Managing Flight Safety” (the State Program adopted in 2008 has not undergone any changes in accordance with this document)

July 2, 2013, Deputy. The Mi-8 helicopter of Polar Airlines crashed, in which 24 out of 28 people died.

November 17, 2013, Kazan. While performing a go-around, a Boeing 737-500 crashed, all 50 people died.

October 20, 2014, Moscow/Vnukovo. A Dassault Falcon 50EX aircraft taking off collided with a snow blower that had stopped on the runway. All 4 people on the plane were killed.

July 1, 2016, Irkutsk region. While extinguishing a forest fire, an Il-76 aircraft of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia collided with the surface of the earth. The plane carried the registration plates of a commercial aircraft. All 11 people on board were killed.

October 21, 2016, Yamal Peninsula. Before flying 45 km to the destination, the Mi-8 helicopter of the Skol airline, carrying 22 people, collided with the ground and fell sideways. As a result of the disaster, 19 people died.

December 25, 2016, Sochi. After the takeoff, the Tu-154 aircraft, operated by the 223rd flight detachment of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, collided with the surface of the sea and sank. The plane carried the registration plates of a commercial aircraft. All 92 people on the plane were killed.

February 11, 2018, Moscow region. After taking off, the An-148 aircraft of Saratov Airlines crashed. All 71 people on board were killed.

To be continued? What needs to be done to ensure that flight safety in Russia is ensured in practice, and not on paper? We are interested in your opinion.

Among the passengers of the crashed plane was a teacher at the St. Petersburg University of Civil Aviation, the famous aviation expert Boris Aleksandrovich Karmaleev, an honored pilot of Russia. ICAA “Safety of flights expresses its condolences to the family, friends and relatives of Boris Alexandrovich.

July 17 on the territory of Ukraine, 60 kilometers from Russian border, a Malaysian Airlines Boeing 777 crashed. There were 295 people on board the aircraft (280 passengers and 15 crew members). All died. We recall the most notorious air crashes in the last 10 years.

On August 14, 2006, a Boeing 737 carrying 121 people crashed in the mountains near Athens. The crash of an airliner of the first private airline of Cyprus, Helios Airways, flying from Larnaca to Athens and on to Prague, was the worst plane crash ever in Greece. The reason was the depressurization of the aircraft cabin due to the fault of the company's engineers, who turned off the auto-sealing of the cabin. The crew lost consciousness and the plane crashed into a mountain after running out of fuel.

August 26, 2006 On August 22, flight FV 612 of FGUAP Pulkovo, operating the flight Anapa - St. Petersburg, trying to slip over a thunderstorm, lost control and fell into a flat tailspin. TU154M plane crashed near locality Dry Balka near Donetsk. There were 170 people on board the aircraft (160 passengers and 10 crew members).

On August 20, 2008, a Spanair MD-82 plane crashed at Barajas Airport in the Spanish capital of Madrid. He was supposed to follow the Canary Islands. However, barely breaking away from runway, it fell and caught fire. 154 of the 174 people on the plane were killed. According to information from the "black boxes", the flaps of the vessel were not fully extended during takeoff. The pilots were supposed to receive an automatic warning - but due to equipment problems, they did not receive this. It is also known that even before departure, the plane had technical problems, due to which the flight was delayed for an hour.

A fall Airbus liner An Air France A330 in the Atlantic Ocean occurred on June 1, 2009. The plane was heading from Rio de Janeiro to Paris. Four hours after the start of the flight, communication with the aircraft was lost. The final report on the disaster was made public only three years later. In it, experts called the cause of the tragedy a technical malfunction due to icing, the subsequent shutdown of the autopilot and uncoordinated actions of the crew. 228 people lost their lives in this disaster - all who were on board.

Everyone who flew from Tehran to Armenia on July 15, 2009 died. A Caspian Airlines Tu-154 with 168 people on board lost altitude and crashed in northern Iran. Nobody survived. Among the passengers was Iran's youth judo team. The commission to investigate the causes of the crash announced that the cause of the tragedy was the failure and subsequent destruction of the engine.

On June 30, 2009, a Yemenia A310 crashed near the Comoros. The plane made a flight from Paris with intermediate stops in five cities, the latest of which was the capital of Yemen, Sanaa. On board the crashed aircraft were 142 passengers and 11 crew members. The only surviving passenger was a 12-year-old girl (according to other sources, she was 13 or 14 years old), she had numerous bruises, her knees were burned and her collarbone was broken. Her mother died in the crash. The girl was rescued from the ocean 12 hours after the plane crash.

On April 10, 2010, a Tu-154 of the Polish Air Force crashed near Smolensk. Then 96 people died. On board the liner were the President of Poland Lech Kaczynski, his wife, almost the entire army command of the country, politicians, prominent public and religious figures. The aircraft was flying in heavy fog, and the crew was informed about it. The pilots were asked to land on an alternate airfield, but they refused. The plane hit the trees, turned around and began to fall apart in the air. By official version The cause of the accident was crew error. Polish authorities claim that the pilots were forced to land under such conditions by Russian dispatchers.

On June 3, a 1012 MD-83 of the Nigerian airline Dana Air, flying from the capital of the country, Abuja to Lagos, crashed into a densely populated residential area. north of the airport Lagos, fell apart and caught fire. During the fall, the plane rammed a two-story residential building in which at least 40 people lived. There were 153 people on board, including six crew members. All died.

On April 20, 2012, a Bhoja Airline Boeing 737 crashed in Pakistan while flying from the Pakistani city of Karachi. The plane crashed near the Chaklala military air base, located near the capital of Pakistan, Islamabad. All 127 people on board were killed.

The most mysterious air tragedy remains the disappearance of a Malaysian Airlines plane on March 8 this year. Flight Kuala Lumpur - Beijing. "Boeing 777-200", flying over the South China Sea, suddenly disappeared from the radar controllers. Subsequently, it was found that the aircraft was disconnected, and the liner itself deviated from the course and was in the air for about seven hours after the “disappearance”. The aircraft was never found and is now believed to have crashed in the southern Indian Ocean. There were 239 people on board. Until today, this disaster was considered the largest in 10 years.

I have been wanting to address this topic for a long time, and finally. I myself could never understand the problem of fear of flying, but it turned out that the problem is much more common than even I thought. They write that about 30% of the population to some extent experiences discomfort during flights. These are not necessarily panic attacks (although many do), but may simply be anxiety or a desire to resort to side effects to suppress stress (pills, alcohol). At the same time, statistics claim that 2% of the population refuse to fly at all, and many avoid flying if there are other options for moving.

Frankly, I did not expect that the problem could be so widespread. I fly regularly myself, and sometimes I come across people who nervously grab the armrests at every vibration. However, this behavior is quite rare. However, if the person sitting next to you is afraid of flying, you can’t immediately determine it.

Today I will try to reassure such citizens somewhat, first of all, from the standpoint of logic (and what else can I do). I believe that most people are prone to aerophobia due to prejudice, incompetence and ignorance of numbers.

Why are people afraid to fly

So, aerophobia has a psychological and subjective basis. I think the fear comes from the strangeness of the situation. For example, we interact with cars every day, and they have become something ordinary for us, and besides, they are quite understandable - four wheels and a steering wheel, you fill in gasoline and it goes 🙂 And there is also the illusion of position control, that here I am a good driver I know nothing will happen. Even without taking into account the fact that everyone sometimes makes mistakes, for some reason few people think about the presence of inadequate people on the roads, and that no matter what driver you are, this will not save you from a drunken inadequate who rushes on red or opposite.

But the plane, it seems, is completely incomprehensible and unusual, rushing at an incredible speed, you don’t understand where at a great height. And nothing can be done (although nothing needs to be done). Probably, just this understanding that there is an abyss under you and the idea that in which case nothing will save you, and leads people to aerophobia. And if the incident happened on the ground, then it will not necessarily end in death, they will still have time to help, etc. It seems like it is, but the problem is that the incidents themselves ground transport occur much more often, and the number of accidents many times compensates for the lower risk of dying in them.

But all these fears would remain, rather, in a latent state, if it were not for journalists (I don’t like journalists 🙂). If a plane crashes somewhere (God forbid another terrorist attack) - the cases themselves are very rare, as I will show later - then journalists take a long and methodical spin on this topic, for a week it is in first place in the news blocks, and in in the end, the desired effect is achieved - people begin to associate the plane with something dangerous. The seeds of fear spread by journalists fall on fertile ground (remember the fear of the incomprehensible). The situation is aggravated by the fact that during a plane crash many people can die at once - up to several hundred. This is not an accident involving a passenger car, where 2-3 people will die, even though there are thousands of such cars (seriously!) in the world every day. This is 200 people at once, what a tragedy (I do not rejoice and do not neglect the lives of these people, I just think that the issue should be approached pragmatically, and the situations should be assessed in the same way).

Even if the planes did not fall for a long time, the journalists give us information to maintain the required degree. For example, you can disseminate research data that describes the safest places on an airplane, with the least chance of dying if something happens (does anyone pay attention to this ??).

As a result, people rush to choose a more reliable airline, study the statistics of air crashes by airlines and by aircraft, wanting to find out which planes crash more often. This is an absolutely pointless exercise, and the probabilities, if they differ, are negligibly insignificant. The same high safety requirements apply to all aircraft and airlines without exception. And such activity is akin to as if we checked which bus route in the city had more accidents and refused to travel on some routes if we found out that the statistics were worse there.

By the way, it turned out that enterprising people take advantage of these fears, they even sell courses on overcoming aerophobia 🙂 Here is an amusing interview with the author of the course.

For some reason, few people think that aircraft are controlled and maintained exclusively by specialists (moreover, maintenance and checks are carried out regularly, before each flight). Unlike the same road traffic, where anyone can drive, in any condition, on a disabled vehicle. But no, no one is afraid to cross the road on a zebra, many do not even look around.

In addition, the plane flies in practically free space, which means that the probability of colliding with something is negligible, in contrast, again, with urban traffic. In the immediate vicinity, hundreds of other aircraft do not rush around the aircraft, there are no reckless drivers, no one overtakes or cuts anyone. The movement of the aircraft is controlled by air traffic control services from the ground.

Air crash statistics

Let's turn to the numbers. Yes, accidents with airplanes happen from time to time, like any other mode of transport, an airplane cannot provide absolute safety. How many people die in these accidents?

I managed to find such statistics. Number of deaths due to air accidents per year, from 1946 to 2014.

The graph shows that over the years the number of deaths has been decreasing, despite the increase in the number of traffic. What does it say? Over the years, air travel has become increasingly safer.

According to statistics from ICAO - the International Civil Aviation Organization - in 2013, more than three billion people (3132 million) were transported by commercial airlines in the world:

The previous graph shows that between 300 and 1,000 people per year have died in air accidents in recent years. Well, let's take the maximum - 1000. It turns out that in the worst year out of three billion, 1000 people will die in a year. Or 1 person out of 3 million. In fact, even this figure is overestimated, because we considered the worst year, in reality it is 1 in 8-10 million. This is the probability of dying, getting on a plane once.

By the way, many people are afraid of terrorist attacks on planes - there are even fewer deaths from terrorist attacks.

But is it a lot or a little?

Even the train does not provide such a level of safety, where the death of people is one and a half times more likely. In fact, this is only for train passengers in wrecks, and if you take into account the cases of injury and death of people in a collision with a train, then the statistics are much worse; for example, in the Central Federal District alone (population approx. 40 million) in 2012, more than 1,200 people died in incidents on railway. Yes, only 2-3 people a year die from clamping the doors in electric trains (something I haven’t heard that someone was afraid to ride in electric trains).

If we talk about motor transport, then in Russia alone, more than 20 thousand people die in road accidents every year (and 1240 thousand all over the world). More than a million people in the world per year. It turns out that about 1 person out of 6,000. It turns out that in St. Petersburg with a population of five million, 1 person will die in air crashes, and about 800 in an accident. Or, for example, only 3-5 people will die from a collision with an elk on the highway. That is, it is more likely to die on the way to the airport than on the plane. But is anyone afraid to ride a minibus or cross the road?

(Actually, the above reasoning about safety is not entirely correct. The death rate in road accidents is a thousand times higher than the death rate in airplanes, for the reason that we use vehicles much more often. It is more correct to compare the specific number of deaths per unit distance. But here, too, the advantage is For airplanes, this number is 0.6 deaths per 160 million km, for trains - 0.9 deaths per 160 million km, and for cars 1.6 deaths. That is, driving 1 km by car is almost three times more dangerous than flying by plane (not to mention two-wheeled vehicles, where 42 people die per 160 million km).

The same ICAO website has the following figures:

I did not understand for what segment the data was taken, I assume that for Last year. But the following figures are interesting from the statistics. Of the 54 accidents involving aircraft, only 5 (10%) resulted in human casualties. And we must understand that not all passengers die in all such incidents, many survive; there are simply incredible cases, even when falling from a great height, for example, this one. Even in serious accidents with hitting the ground, fire, breaking wings and other horrors, the mortality rate is about 50%.

Is turbulence dangerous?

Many people experience unpleasant (psychologically) sensations during turbulence. It seems that turbulence is much more dangerous than normal flight. But are these fears justified?

As you may have guessed, turbulence is not dangerous for an airplane 😀

Turbulence is caused by the heterogeneity of the atmosphere, passing through zones with differences in pressure, temperature, and wind speed. Physically, it will be expressed in some vibrations of the aircraft and "chatter". To some extent, turbulence is felt in 90% of flights, if it were dangerous, then the planes would fall constantly.

It is worth noting that the aircraft will bypass potentially dangerous areas. However, in any case, airplanes are designed for a much greater load than occurs during flight. I came across a figure that over the past 25 years, not a single plane has fallen due to turbulence. Regardless of this, there are statistics according to which only 6% of aircraft accidents occur during the flight, when turbulence occurs. And we remember how relatively few accidents happen to aircraft in general.

The only risk during turbulence is the risk of injury inside the aircraft, or being hurt or bruised by a suitcase falling from the overhead bin. But you know, you can hurt yourself on the bus, when you go on a rough road, no one frantically grabs the handrails on the first bump. Therefore, during the passage of the turbulence zone, it is worth advising to simply remain in your place.

How many planes are in the sky right now

The flightradar24.com service, about which I wrote in detail here, can answer this question. On the site, we can visually observe the location of aircraft in real time. You can search for specific flights.

The site claims that there are just under 14,000 aircraft in the air right now. And this is tens of thousands of people. And 30% of them think that flying is dangerous)))

Summing up

So, obviously, the fears about flying are incredibly exaggerated. There are many much more dangerous, but familiar to us processes, which, however, for some reason we do not refuse. Flights by plane seem to us something special, non-standard and causing mistrust. Nevertheless, statistics show that distrust is unfounded.

And one more thing: I hope that people who applaud after landing (thank God I'm saved!) also clap when their bus stops.

Finally, I bring to your attention some excerpts from the onboard safety instructions. Study them so that you know how to behave if a critical situation does arise.

With the development of funds mass media the society shows interest in the patterns of air accidents and the statistics of aircraft crashes. This is due to the review of major civil aviation accidents. Thinking about a trip on vacation or on a business trip, a person often wonders if trouble will happen to him. The answer to it can be found by resorting to aviation statistics, which determine how often planes crash and for what reason.

Air crash statistics

Planes and trains are considered the safest means of transportation. By looking at the statistics of accidents on different modes of transport, you can see that getting into an accident on a bus is much easier than becoming a victim of an accident in the air. Most of the crashes are due to an oversight by the authorities (terrorist attack) or a mistake by the pilot and technical services.

Every day, about 10 thousand flights rise into the sky (3.65 million per year). Of the total annual air passenger traffic, the number of 1000 people is called, how many die on average per year. The mortality rate over the past 50 years has decreased from a probability of 1:264 thousand to 1:127.5 million. During the entire existence of aviation (100 years), about 150 thousand people died.

In Russia

Today, the situation with disasters is unpredictable. About 60% of the fleet Russian production worn out. The rest is purchased from abroad. Basically, these are Boeing models and Airbuses. Fall Probability passenger transport will only increase over the years: it is not known how the equipment will behave at the end of its service life.

Over the past 20 years, Russia has consistently ranked second in the number of air crashes after the United States. If private aeronautics were developed in Russia, perhaps the country would already be on the first line of the rating. Since 1945, about 350 accidents have occurred in Russia, excluding military and private plane crashes. More than 8 thousand people died.

The smallest number of aircraft crashes was recorded in 2006-2007: 7 per year.

According to the CIS Interstate Aviation Council (IAC), 2016 showed the worst statistics: 56 crashes with a total of 143 victims. Since the beginning of 2018, there have already been 32 accidents with 116 victims. The most significant was the recent crash of the AN-148 " Saratov Airlines» flight 703 Moscow-Orsk, which occurred on February 11 near the village of Argunovo in the Moscow region. The plane crashed near Domodedovo, without gaining altitude, 71 people died.

The latest version of the prosecutor's office suggested that the fuselage was not treated with anti-icing liquid. Interpretation of voice recorder recordings witnessed a dispute between pilots about "frozen" pressure and speed sensors. The investigations continued until the very fall.

According to eyewitnesses, the plane collided with a Russian Post helicopter: letters and parcels on board were found at the crash site. According to information from the media, at the time of takeoff, the stewardess was talking with her grandmother that they had taken off (everything is in order).

According to statistics, the percentage of falls during takeoffs is 17%. But the crew made a fatal mistake. On the same day, a small plane crashed Turkish airline with 11 passengers.

Air crash specialists managed to deduce the circumstances of the accidents and their probability:

• crew errors during landing - 51%;
• malfunctions and weather conditions during climb - 8%;
• with a decrease - 3%;
• during loading - 5%;
• during landing approach - 7%.

After accidents, terrible photos, videos, details of crashes appear on the Internet. Anxiety and concern of people about their own safety is increasing. Over the past 10 years, Russia has been the leading country in terms of the number of crashes. Unfortunately, most of the passengers had no chance of escaping, even when the plane was at low altitude. There are also lucky ones who managed to survive after incredible falls. In most cases, these are flight attendants and crew members.

In the world

Most crashes occur in the US, Russia and Canada (over 1,300 as of 2018). The death toll is approaching 20,000. Next come Brazil, Colombia, UK, France, India, Indonesia and Mexico.

Over the past 10 years, the first positions remain with the countries: Russia, USA, Ukraine, Congo and Germany. At the same time, the United States remains the leader in the number of victims. This is due to the increased freight and passenger traffic. A large number of accidents of private planes and helicopters, as well as small aeronautics, are recorded daily.

Over the past 5 years, there have been no major air crashes in the United States. After the September terrorist attacks with two Boeings, the planes fell, but with the number of passengers not exceeding 50 people.

A huge number of accidents are recorded in the military sphere on training missions or in the course of performing combat missions.

The greatest number of tragedies was recorded in the 70s of the XX century. Among them, a collision of 2 aircraft on 03/28/1977 near the island of Tenerife stands out, in which 583 people died.

The tragedy of April 10, 2010 is referred to as an international plane crash. The crash occurred on the territory of the Smolensk region. On board the TU-154 flight Warsaw-Smolensk was the top leadership of Polish officials and President Lech Kaczynski. According to the official version, the plane crashed while descending due to a hitch on the tops of trees, which were difficult to see in foggy conditions. Smolensk dispatchers allowed landing at an airfield that was not technically equipped for "carcasses" on the urgent initiative of one of the ministers. A delegation of 96 people hurried to the funeral procession on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the Katyn massacre.

A significant political catastrophe of our time was the shelling of a Malaysian Boeing 777 from Buk launchers from the territory of the Donetsk Republic (Ukraine) on July 17, 2014. The plane was flying KL 4103 from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur with 298 passengers on board. The wreckage after the rocket attack was found near the village of Grabovo. The flight had a counterpart (Boeing Flight MH17) departing for Malaysia 17 minutes late. Ukrainian dispatchers, upon detecting the first Boeing on radar, sent it through the air corridor over the territory of the DPR (as usual), and MH17 sent it through the southern corridor (Russia), which became the main clue in the investigation of the incident.

When examining a Boeing-777, the DPR militia made conclusions about the death of passengers long before takeoff. Their bodies were exhausted by the cadaveric odor that appeared for at least 3 days. Also unusual was the presence of a large amount of medicines and blood serum among the wreckage, which is not typical for a passenger airliner. There was practically no blood in the common compartment, while the cockpit was filled with it.

Most conspiracy theorists consider the catastrophe to be staged. Presumably, the corpses were taken from a Malaysian liner that disappeared without a trace back in early March. The incident itself was necessary to accuse Russia of using force. The true circumstances are still unknown. The final investigation is unlikely to bring clarity to the situation.

It also remains unclear who the people on board were and who was mourned by the relatives of the dead, most of whom were Dutch. Local residents of Donetsk are sure that the installations of the BUK MANPADS of the rebels were not the cause of the explosion. Shortly before the crash, a Su-35 was seen in the sky.

On August 26, 2006, a Tu-154M flight Anapa - St. Petersburg crashed on the territory of the DPR. The reason was a lightning storm, which brought the board into a flat tailspin, 170 bodies of the dead were found.

In terms of the number of victims in the course of air accidents, a different picture emerges. The top three are the US, Russia and Colombia. Brazil, France, India, Indonesia, Canada, Great Britain, Mexico continue the list.

Photo from the crash site of the Airbus A321 on Sinai Peninsula

Some of the largest accidents are the crash of an Airbus A320 in the Java Sea (Indonesia) due to a thunderstorm, an Airbus A321 in the Sinai Peninsula (Egypt) as a result of a terrorist attack and an Airbus A320 due to the suicide of a German pilot, as a result of which the plane crashed into the ridge of the Provencal Alps ( France).

Why planes crash: the main reasons

Human factor

Among the causes of aircraft crashes, in most cases, the human factor is cited: the inexperience of the pilots or the inability to correct the situation. An example is the tragedy with the Alexandrov Ensemble, flying to a charity concert on December 25, 2016.

The Tu-154 of the Utair company, en route to Syria, crashed due to spatial disorientation in the 2nd minute after takeoff from Sochi. The plane crashed into the Black Sea. Nobody managed to survive.

Another Tu-154 crash near Khabarovsk on December 7, 1995 occurred due to improper fuel generation in the wings. None of the survivors: the board collided with the Bo-Jousa mountain and exploded.

Safety violation

The second most common cause of crashes is a safety violation. On the night of March 23, 1994, the plane crash occurred due to the transfer of the main steering wheel to the 15-year-old son of the pilot. Hope for autopilot did not materialize. The boy, imitating the captain, began to turn the steering wheel and accidentally turned off the autopilot. The ship managed to gain a fairly high list. It was possible to restore balance at the level of the edges of the trees, which caused the final fall. Flight SU593 Moscow-Hong Kong broke off near Mezhdurechensk. Nobody managed to escape.

technical issues

The third in the list of reasons are technical malfunctions. Common ones include chassis failure, electronics and sensors failure, or engine failure (fire). Such accidents happened with Ural Airlines aircraft.

On December 2, 2002, an experienced command without landing gear landed a Tu-154 at Pulkovo Airport. There were no casualties.
The crash of the A310 of Siberia Airlines in Irkutsk on July 9, 2006 occurred due to the transition of one of the engines to takeoff mode during landing. As a result, the board stopped only after hitting the garage complex. The total number of deaths was 125. Those in the tail managed to survive (63 wounded and 25 unharmed).

One of possible causes accidents can be depressurization of the cockpit. Such a case occurred with a Helios Airways Boeing on August 14, 2005. As a result of malfunctions in the pressurization system, air ran out in the cockpit, due to which the pilots lost consciousness. The plane hovered over Greek territory until it ran out of fuel. The board exploded upon impact with a rock 40 km from Athens.

The Belarusian airline "Belavia" has technical malfunctions all the time. Particularly publicized was the case when the plane broke into 2 parts right on the runway. Bombardier CRJ-100 was supposed to fly from Yerevan airport to Minsk on February 14, 2008. Due to the roll of the wing, the side turned over, resulting in a rift in the forward compartment. A fire broke out due to a spill of fuel. There were no casualties, as people hurried to get out themselves through the resulting crack.

Lack of professionalism

The next reason on the list is ignorance of your business. So, due to the fault of the pilot of the Yak-42 flight Yaroslavl-Minsk, the Lokomotiv hockey team, flying to the KHL, died. The tragedy occurred on September 7, 2011 as a result of repeatedly pressing the brakes during takeoff. The plane took off already from the ground outside the runway, as it did not have time to accelerate. A few seconds later, at a height of 6 meters, there was a collision with a lighthouse near the river. Only one of the crew members (engineer) survived. Despite the absurdity of the situation, Russian aviation there are rumors about the lack of education of pilots and purchased diplomas.

terrorist attack

Terror attacks are not included in aviation statistics, but a large number of accidents occur due to the fault of recruited criminals. The largest air crash in the last 10 years was the incident with the A321 (VP BOC) Kogalymavia, flying from Sharm el-Sheikh to St. Petersburg at the end of October 2015. The black box recordings revealed the sound of an explosion in the tail section. The wreckage of the liner was scattered for many kilometers in a deserted desert.

Weather

Weather conditions play a significant role. So, in March 2016, a Flydubai Boeing 737 800 crashed during a re-landing approach in Rostov-on-Don, which lasted about 2 hours. As a result, the liner did not have enough fuel to complete the maneuver.

Aircraft also crash due to controller errors and the greed of airlines that save on new parts, maintenance and do not delve into the problems of vehicle wear and tear.

List of largest aircraft accidents from 1990 to 2018

Over the past 20 years, the chronicles of air crashes tell of the numerous victims of aviation. When compiling the list, disasters with a death toll of more than 60 for the period from 1990 to 2018 were taken into account (the number of deaths is indicated in brackets):

• 05.91: B767, Thailand (223);
• 07.91: DC-8-61, Saudi Arabia (261);
• 10.91: C-130H-30, Indonesia (135);
• 08.92: Tu-134, Ivanovo region (84);
• 09.92: C-130H-LM, Nigeria (158);
• 09.92: A300, Nepal (167);
• 12.92: B727, Libya (157);
• 01.94: Tu-154, Irkutsk region (125);
• 03.94: A310, Kemerovo region (75);
• 04.94: A300, Japan (264);
• 06.94: Tu-154, China (160);
• 12.95: Tu-154, Khabarovsk Territory (98);
• 12.95: B757, Colombia (159);
• 01.96: An-32, Zaire (298);
• 02.96: B757, Atlantic Ocean (189);
• 07.96: B747, USA (230);
• 08.96: Tu-154, Norway (141);
• 11.96: B727, Nigeria (144);
• 11.96: collision of B747 and Il-76, India (349);
• 08.97: B747, Guam (228);
• 09.97: A300, Indonesia (234);
• 02.98: A300, China (203);
• 09.98: MD-11, Canada (229);
• 10.99: B767, Atlantic Ocean (217);
• 01.2000: A310, Ivory Coast (169);
• 08.2000: A320, Bahrain (143);
• 07.01: Tu-154, Irkutsk region (145);
• 09.01: attacks B767 and B757 (2977);
• 10.01: shot down by air defense systems, Tu-154, Krasnodar region (63);
• 10.01: A300B4, USA (265);
• 05.02: BAC 1-11, Nigeria (149);
• 05.02: B747, Taiwan Strait (225);
• 07.02: Tu-154, Germany (71);
• 02.03: Il-76, Iran (275);
• 05.03: Yak-42, Turkey (75);
• 12.03: B727, Benin (141);
• 01.04: B737, Egypt (148);
• 08.04: terrorist attacks Tu-154 and Tu-134, Rostov and Tula regions (89);
• 08.05: MD-82, Venezuela (160);
• 11.05: B737, Indonesia (149);
• 05.06: A320, Krasnodar Territory (113);
• 07.06: A310, Irkutsk region (125);
• 08.06: Tu-154, Ukraine (170);
• 09.06: B737, Brazil (154);
• 07.07 : A320, Brazil (199);
• 08.08: MD-82, Spain (154);
• 09.08: В737, Perm region (88);
• 06.09: A330, Atlantic Ocean (228);
• 06.09: A310, Comoros (152);
• 07.09: Tu-154, Iran (168);
• 04.10: Tu-154, Smolensk region (96);
• 05.10: B737, India (158);
• 07.10: A321, Pakistan (152);
• 06.12: MD-83, Nigeria (163);
• 03.14: b777, Indian Ocean (239);
• 07.14: B777, Ukraine (298);
• 12.14: A320, Indonesia (162);
• 10.15: A321, Egypt (224);
• 03.15: A320, France (150);
• 06.15: KC-130B, Indonesia (143);
• 03.16: b737, Rostov region (62);
• 05.16: A320, Mediterranean Sea (66);
• 11.16: Avro RJ85, Colombia (71);
• 12.16: Tu-154, Krasnodar Territory (92);
• 06.17: Y-8, Myanmar (122).

Recent crashes

A lot has happened since the start of 2018. terrible tragedies, primarily affecting Russia. This is largely due to the situation in Syria, where the Russian military is providing humanitarian assistance. By coincidence, several military vehicles were shot down from the air.

• February 11, 2018: An-148, Moscow region (71 victims);
• February 18, 2018: ATR-72, Iran (66 dead);
• April 11, 2018: Il-76TD, Algeria (257 victims);
• May 18, 2018: B737, Cuba (112 dead).

If we consider the global picture of crashes for 2018, then they occurred on charter flights. Several accidents occurred with helicopters on the day of the wedding: one couple died when approaching the church due to heavy fog, the other couple escaped with a slight fright and continued to party after falling from a height of several meters.

Information about whether objects from classified tasks were broken, unfortunately, cannot be revealed.

Which planes crash the most

The Russian aircraft industry is one of the largest in the world market in both civil and military aviation. Mass production passenger airliners launched for Tu-204, An-148, SSJ100, Il-96, CR 929 models. PAK TA, Il-114-300 and Il-76TD-90A are under development. The MS-21 model is undergoing flight tests.

Due to the modernization of the aviation industry, some models have lost their relevance. Among them are the Tu-134 and Tu-154, developed back in the USSR. Some airlines still operate worn-out Tu-154s that were taken out of production back in 1998. Accident statistics rank these two models among the most dangerous and unreliable. In the entire history of flights on these aircraft, there have been many emergency situations that have caused more than one tragedy. IL-76 closes the top three in terms of accidents on Russian flights.

An example is the unsuccessful landing of the Tu-134 in Samara on March 17, 2007. The landing gear could not withstand the adhesion to the ground during the landing approach in bad weather conditions. As a result, the fuselage of the liner began to fall apart, the wing and engine were torn off from the aircraft. Most of the people managed to escape. 6 out of 57 passengers died.

Disaster with amazing rescue flight attendants occurred on board the Il-86 in Moscow on July 28, 2002. It should be noted that this was the only fall of this model due to a technical malfunction. On board the airliner flying to St. Petersburg there was only a crew of 16 people. The plane crashed within a minute after takeoff in a forested area near Sheremetyevo due to the failure of the stabilizers. The pilots did not have time to activate their backup control. Only the female half of the train, Tatyana Moiseyeva and Arina Vinogradova, miraculously managed to get out of the ignited cabin. The fall was a foregone conclusion due to the illogical actions of the pilots.

In world practice, the most unpredictable aircraft is the Boeing 737 (made in the USA). In all catastrophes, there was practically no chance for people. According to statistics, at the end of September 2018, 189 units were lost. models, where the Boeing 737 800 occupies the largest share.

The last major plane crash occurred on May 18, 2018 in Cuba. The number of victims is 112 people. The Havana-Holguín flight crashed due to an engine fire. The plane crashed into a farm. The list of survivors included a man and three women. Only 1 passenger survived. 'Born in a shirt', 19-year-old Mylene Diaz Almaguer has been admitted to rehab after suffering a spinal injury and extensive burns.

The list of the most unfavorable aircraft according to BusinessWeek is presented. The rating review included aircraft operated around the world in quantities of 100 or more. When comparing models, the indicator of the number of air crashes for a certain number of flight hours was taken into account.

Anti-security rating

1. Boeing 737 JT8D;
2. IL-76;
3. Tu-154;
4. Airbus A310;
5. McDonnell-Douglas DC-9;
6. Tu-134;
7. Boeing 727;
8. McDonnell-Douglas MD-80;
9. McDonnell-Douglas MC-10;
10. McDonnell-Douglas MD-11;
11. Boeing 737CFMI;
12. Boeing 757;
13. Airbus A320;
14. Boeing 767;
15. Boeing 737NG;
16. Boeing 747.

Based on the data, it will not be possible to predict the outcome of the flight, since no one is immune from the tragedy. But the picture of air crashes and their causes still allows us to reflect some statistical probabilities.

Safe Aircraft

Boeing 777 takes the first place in terms of safety: not a single plane crash in 200 million hours. and 4 minor accidents. Despite the volume and capacity of up to 500 people, the engines do their job perfectly.

Airbus A340 in 2nd place: 5 accidents in 13 million hours Due to the expensive service, not every airline can boast of this liner.

The predecessor model Airbus A330 takes an honorable 3rd place. No breakdowns or malfunctions. Only one disaster: 228 people who drowned in Atlantic Ocean in 2008. Aeroflot operates more than 15 A330 models (VQ BEK, VQ BCQ and other flight numbers). Pobeda has 20 Boeing 737 800s in its fleet (VQ ​​BTI, VQ BTG, VQ BWG, etc.).

Reliable airlines

Various air safety agencies and committees of countries evaluate the rating of airlines according to various characteristics. Liners that fell in different periods (their number) and the lineup (safety) are taken into account.

British studies have affected airline punctuality based on overall passenger traffic and number of flights.

In the world

According to EASA, the top 20 includes companies with a perfect reputation. They are considered the safest.

These include airlines:

1. Air New Zealand,
2. alaska Airlines,
3. All Nippon Airways,
4. British Airways,
5. Cathay Pacific Airways,
6. emirates,
7. etihad Airways,
8. EVA Air,
9. Finnair,
10. Hawaiian Airlines,
11. Japan Airlines,
12. Lufthansa,
13. qantas,
14. Royal Jordanian Airlines,
15. Scandinavian Airline System,
16. Singapore Airlines
17. swiss,
18. Virgin Atlantic,
19. Virgin Australia,
20. Qatar Airways.

In the entire history of the existence of these companies, there has not been a single crashed flight.

In Russia

The Federal Air Transport Agency provides a transparent profile of each airline. The rating below was built according to the volume and growth of passenger traffic, as well as depending on the kilometers flown.

Popularity Rating

1. Aeroflot,
2. Siberia,
3. Russia,
4. Utair (UTair),
5. Ural Airlines (Ural Airlines),
6. Victory,
7. Globus (Globe),
8. Azura Air,
9. VIM-Avia,
10. Nordwind Airlines (Northern wind).

Safety Rating

Since passengers are more interested in safety, there is another ranking that takes into account both the number of air crashes and accidents over the past 30 years. Human losses (death of passengers and random people) are also estimated.

1. Victory,
2. Ural Airlines,
3. S7 Airlines (Siberia),
4. Yakutia,
5. nordavia,
6. Utair,
7. Yamal.

Transaero could have been in the top ten if it had not gone bankrupt back in 2015. She had a powerful new fleet and not a single disaster. The image of the company is determined by technical equipment, and not by popularity among tourists for a certain period of time (including package tours).

Modern technologies and developments in the aircraft industry make flights the safest. The chance of crashing is negligible. A factor influencing the development of the industry in the future will be the quality training of pilots. In Russia today there is a shortage of professional personnel. Old school crews will soon retire, and young pilots may not be able to cope with an emergency. Therefore, the quality and reliability of the liner come to the fore. This will significantly reduce the number of air crashes with insufficient experience or in adverse weather conditions.

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