Vyoshenskaya station. Village Vyoshenskaya, Rostov region. Literary exposition “M.A. Sholokhov. Time and fate"

Stanitsa Veshenskaya , or Veshki, as the locals call it, is not just cozy corner on the banks of the Don. This locality can provide such a variety of types of recreation that not every popular resort can shine with. Here you will find entertainment to your liking and those who prefer beach holiday and a quiet pastime, and those who like movement and change of scenery, and also those who want to make their journey cognitive and intellectual. In this section of the site, we will tell you why the village combines so many seemingly incompatible things.

rest in stanitsa Veshenskaya will be interesting:

Adherents of ecological tourism.

Stanitsa Veshenskaya is one of the most ecologically clean regions of the European part of Russia. floodplain pine forests the headwaters of the Don, the purest air, beautiful beaches, unique monuments nature Rostov region, places untouched by civilization, collection of medicinal herbs, mushroom hunting, horse and boat trips- all this will satisfy the exacting taste of tourists who dream of relaxing away from the hustle and bustle of cities.

Avid fishermen and hunters.

Fishing on the Don is the dream of every real fisherman. In the Don and the lakes of the Sholokhov region, pike and bream, pike perch and hybrid, silver bream and white bream, rudd and fish are excellently caught. There are chub, asp, roach, ide, rudd, blue bream. Here you can always count on a rich catch of Don fish, and landscapes pleasing to the eye. On the Upper Don, during three seasons (except for summer), you can hunt quails, pheasants, partridges, waterfowl, foxes, hares, deer, wild boars, roe deer and other animals.

Lovers of history and antiquity.

The first mention of the village of Veshenskaya dates back to the years of the reign of Ivan the Terrible. In Veshenskaya you can get acquainted with the Cossack traditions and way of life, Don Cossack cuisine, which brings great pleasure to gourmets, unique Don folklore.

Literature lovers.

Stanitsa Veshenskaya is the birthplace of the great writer, Nobel Prize winner Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov. Here you can penetrate the secrets of the creative path, explore the little-known pages of the biography of this brilliant creator, visit the museum-reserve of the writer, wander around the places associated with the fate of the heroes of the "Quiet Don", as well as take part in the annual literary and folklore festival "Sholokhov Spring" which takes place at the end of May.

Vyoshenskaya is a village in the Rostov region. For many years it was the "home" for Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov (1905-1984). Currently, the village is the center of the Sholokhov district. At the entrance to its border, a slightly stopped rider is visible from a distance (see photo on the left). Turning his head slightly, he surveys the steppe, trying to see someone there in the distance. Here they are, the native expanses of the Don, spread far around. You immediately plunge into the life of the Cossacks of the early 20th century. From a distance, from a distance of several kilometers, it looks very realistic and impressive, like a real horseman in the steppe. This is the Cossack Grigory Melekhov from the great work of Sholokhov M.A. " Quiet Don". The monument was made from the actor Pyotr Glebov, who played Melekhov in the brilliant adaptation of the novel. The film was shot by director Sergei Gerasimov in 1958.

When you drive around the area, you are struck by the breadth and depth of the surrounding landscapes of the Rostov region. A few kilometers before Vyoshenskaya, a forest opens up. Look at the photo. There is a village in front, and the Don flows below.

At the entrance to the village of Vyoshenskaya

History of Vyoshenskaya

One of the most common versions says that the name of the village comes from the word "milestone", "milestone". It is assumed that Vyoshenskaya was founded in the 16th century by the Cossacks of Sary Azman. Nothing is known for sure about him. One of the sources preserved the correspondence of the Nogai ruler Yusuf with Ivan the Terrible. The head of the Nagais complained to the Moscow tsar: “... your servants, a certain Sarah Azman has spoken, put him on the Don in three and four places in the city .... Yes, our ambassadors ... and people are guarded, but they are smashed. Later, these settlements were used by the Russian border detachments for their life support purposes. The town of Vyoshki was first mentioned in 1571. Tsar Ivan the Terrible signed the "Boyar verdict on the village and guard service." It mentions a “head in the field”, which should be sent from the town of Shatsk and located in Vezhki (Veshki), above the Bear and Khopra.

In 1740, there was a big flood of the Don and the town from the floodplain was moved to more high place above a river. He connected with the village of Reshetovskaya and received the status of a village. In 1782, there was a big fire in Vyoshenskaya. Almost all buildings burned down. I had to rebuild everything. Like all Russian empire did not ignore the village of the Civil War. There were also Soviet power, and the uprising of the Cossacks, and decossackization, and other sad moments of that time.

During the Great Patriotic War, German troops (Army Group B), which included the 6th Army of Paulus, passed through these places, moving to Stalingrad (now Volgograd). The front line came close to Vyoshenskaya, but the Germans failed to cross the Don in this place. The village remained the left flank of the advancing fascists, and the main forces of the invaders moved further towards the Volga. The village housed the headquarters of the infantry division, medical and other logistics facilities. The Germans subjected Vyoshenskaya to shelling and bombing. In one of these bombings, the house of Sholokhov M.A. was destroyed.

Vyoshenskaya, Don river near Sholokhov's house

Now there is peace and quiet here. Locals go fishing in boats in the morning on the river. Visiting guests of the village walk along its embankment, visit museums, squares, monuments, etc. I can’t even believe that once bombs exploded here and civilians died along with the military. Look at the photo. On the left, on the high bank of the Don, there was a house in which the writer's mother died from the bombing. Soviet people during the Great Patriotic War, they did an incredible amount so that we can now admire such beauty of Russia's nature.

Sholokhov's biography

Mikhail Alexandrovich was born in 1905 on the farm Kruzhilin. His mother Anastasia Danilovna Chernikova (1871 - 1942) was for a long time in the service of the landowner Popova, who forcibly married her off to the son of the stanitsa ataman Kuznetsov. By that time, she loved another person - Alexander Mikhailovich Sholokhov. From him the boy Misha was born. Since Anastasia Danilovna was officially married, the surname of the boy was recorded by Kuznetsov. Only after the death of her husband in 1912, Anastasia Danilovna and Alexander Mikhailovich were able to get married in the church of the Kargin farm. Then his father officially adopted him and Mikhail received his native surname Sholokhov.

To give an initial education, Alexander Mikhailovich hires T.T. Mrykhin. During these years, Mikhail was diagnosed with an eye disease and his father was taking him to Moscow for treatment. At the same time, Mikhail goes to the preparatory class of the Moscow gymnasium No. 9. After treatment, his parents transfer him to the Boguchar gymnasium (the city of Boguchar, Voronezh province). Unfortunately, revolutionary events interrupt the learning process. In 1918-1919, Mikhail studied at the Vyoshenskaya gymnasium, which he also failed to finish due to the hostilities that took place around the village. In 1920, Soviet power was finally established on the Don. Mikhail finishes his courses in Rostov and goes to the village of Bukanovskaya as a tax inspector. Then he does the forage. Now it is not known for certain what exactly happened there. The Revolutionary Tribunal tried him for a crime ex officio and sentenced him to death. For several days he expected death. Parents managed to bring a certificate that he was a minor and the execution was canceled.

At the end of 1922, Mikhail traveled to Moscow with the aim of entering the workers' faculty. Unfortunately, he does not have work experience at the plant and a Komsomol permit, which were required upon admission. Getting a job wasn't easy either. Michael had no profession. He managed to get a job as an accountant in a housing office. He begins to write various stories. On the recommendation of an aspiring writer friend, he is accepted into the Young Guard literary group. He slowly tries to be published in newspapers and magazines, joins the Komsomol and is engaged in self-education. At the end of 1923, he arrived in the village of Bukanovskaya, where he wooed the daughter of the former village ataman P.Ya. Gromoslavsky. At the beginning of 1924, Mikhail marries Maria Petrovna Gromoslavskaya (1901-1992). He will live with her for the rest of his life. They had four children: Svetlana, Alexander, Mikhail and Maria.

In 1925, Mikhail Alexandrovich begins to create the novel Quiet Flows the Don. After writing several chapters about the events of 1917, he decides that the reader will not fully understand the underlying reasons for the behavior of the Cossacks in the difficult revolutionary years. In order to show the way of life and traditions of the Cossacks, Mikhail Alexandrovich comes to the conclusion to start the story from the time before the start of the First World War and expand the volume of the novel to several volumes. In parallel, in the same year, his collection entitled "Don Stories" was published as a separate book. In 1926, he and his family moved to the village of Vyoshenskaya, where he would live until his death (until 1984).

Sholokhov in Vyoshenskaya

In Vyoshenskaya, Mikhail Alexandrovich plunges headlong into work on the first volume of the novel Quiet Flows the Don. The work went very quickly and fruitfully. Having finished the first volume, he sketches and proceeds to the next parts of the novel. At the end of 1927, Mikhail Alexandrovich was taking volume 1 of The Quiet Don to Moscow, to the October magazine. In the first four issues of the magazine for 1928, the 1st volume of the novel is published. Some time later, in the same year, the second volume of the novel was published. In parallel, "Quiet Don" also publishes "Roman-gazeta" (a literary magazine that has been publishing novels for the people since 1927).

Vyoshenskaya, morning dawn on the Don

The surrounding nature in the village of Vyoshenskaya is very beautiful. Don is simply amazing. And what is the silence around. No wonder Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov describes these places in his novel Quiet Flows the Don. Whatever events happened to people, no matter how difficult it was for them, they were always drawn home, to their native Don.

Truly, the novel "Quiet Flows the Don" is a masterpiece of Soviet and world literature. True, human envy sits very firmly in a person. Immediately after the publication of the novel, rumors spread in writers' circles that Sholokhov M.A. didn't write it myself. They say he found the manuscript in the bag of a murdered white officer. One of the venerable writers even said as an argument: “I am an old writer, but I could not write such a book as The Quiet Don ... How can you believe that at 23, without any education, a person could write such a deep, such a psychologically truthful book…”. Mikhail Alexandrovich was very worried, but steadfastly endured all insults. Iosif Vissarionovich Stalin read the novel and liked it, despite a number of points that did not quite fit into the Soviet ideology. On his instructions, an authoritative commission was created to confirm the authorship of The Quiet Don. Mikhail Alexandrovich presented the manuscript of the novel. He said that he had lived all his short life in those places and knew the life of the Cossacks from the inside, that he wrote down the stories of many villagers who were still alive at the time of the commission's work. After some time, the commission came to the conclusion that the author of the novel "Quiet Flows the Don" is Sholokhov M.A.

When the novel was published, some officials suggested excluding several dozen chapters about the Upper Don Cossack uprising from it and making Grigory Melikhov a Bolshevik. Mikhail Alexandrovich refused. He always tried to honestly describe the tragic events in the life of the country, without distorting the historical truth. Even the white emigration well accepted the novel for the truthfulness of the events shown in it. Subsequently, the novel was published not only in the USSR, but was also translated into many foreign languages. Despite the intractability and upholding of his point of view, Sholokhov M.A. normal relations developed with the head of state Stalin I.V. Poskrebyshev A.N. (Stalin's secretary) 13 meetings of Stalin I.V. with Sholokhov M.A. And this is with such a workload of the head of the country.

In 1930, having postponed work on the last parts of the novel "Quiet Flows the Don", Mikhail Alexandrovich began writing a work about collective farm life called "With Sweat and Blood". Subsequently, the novel was called "Virgin Soil Upturned". From 1930 to 1940 Sholokhov M.A. conducts a great social activity. During the period of famine that swept through the country, he protects dying people, denounces the mismanagement of local leaders. In 1937-38, he stood up for many famous people. But the clouds were gathering over Mikhail Alexandrovich himself. In 1938, local Chekists tried to get evidence against Sholokhov M.A. from the arrested people. The leaders of the Rostov NKVD instructed Ivan Pogorelov to expose Sholokhov as an enemy of the people who was preparing an uprising of the Cossacks. Pogorelov turned out to be not a timid ten. He told everything to Sholokhov. Mikhail Alexandrovich went to Moscow to see Stalin, who summoned all the participants in the events. In Stalin's office, Pogorelov presented written evidence of the event. Mikhail Alexandrovich was no longer pestered. By 1940, the novel "Quiet Don" was completed. A lot of officials did not like the last chapters, where main character gets tired of all these whites, reds, etc. He just wants to live an ordinary life. Despite all the criticism, at the beginning of 1941 Sholokhov M.A. was awarded the Stalin Prize of the 1st degree for the novel Quiet Flows the Don.

Grigory and Aksinya from the novel Quiet Flows the Don

Installed in Vyoshenskaya sculptural composition, which shows how Grigory Melekhov goes to the Don to bathe his horse and meets Aksinya. The action takes place on the banks of the river. You seem to become a participant in those events. Now they will meet and you will hear their conversation. Any person who considers himself cultured and enlightened is simply obliged to read The Quiet Flows the Don. This novel can be safely reckoned among the classics of world literature.

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War Sholokhov M.A. was drafted into the Red Army. He worked in the Soviet Information Bureau, as well as a correspondent for Pravda and Krasnaya Zvezda. Been on many fronts. During the war, he was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War 1st degree, the medal for the defense of Moscow and the medal for the defense of Stalingrad. In this difficult wartime, he begins work on a new novel, They Fought for the Motherland. Moreover, its first chapters were already published in 1943-44. By the way, Mikhail Alexandrovich transferred his Stalin Prize, received for the novel “Quiet Flows the Don”, in full to the defense fund on the second day of the war.

The life of Sholokhov M.A. in the postwar years

After the end of the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945), the leadership of the USSR gave dachas near Moscow for living and recreation to many famous people. Sholokhov M.A. was also offered such a dacha, but he refused to move to Moscow. Mikhail Alexandrovich turned to the Central Committee of the party (he was a member of the party since 1932) with a request to allocate funds for him to restore his house in the village of Vyoshenskaya, instead of the proposed dacha. Funds were allocated to him, but not free of charge, but as a loan. He then had to pay off this loan within two decades (in today's time it can be compared with taking a mortgage). Whatever you say, the leadership of independent and independent people who have their own opinion and act at their own discretion does not like it. With this money, a stone house was built in Vyoshenskaya. Now it houses the museum of Sholokhov M.A.

Sholokhov's house in Vyoshenskaya

In 1950, Mikhail Alexandrovich completed the first volume of the novel "They Fought for the Motherland". In order to show the events of such great significance in volume, Mikhail Alexandrovich planned to write a trilogy. Unfortunately, he did not have enough information for such work. He turned to the General Staff with a request to work in the archives. But knowing his adherence to principles and desire to show the events that took place from a truthful point of view, no matter how bitter they were, he was refused. I had to work with the sources that were. In 1954 new chapters of the novel were published.

At the end of 1956, a story by M.A. Sholokhov was published in Pravda. "Destiny of Man". The main character in it was a simple soldier who went through German captivity and lost all his loved ones. After the war, he met the orphaned boy Vanya and, giving himself and him hope for new life says he is his father. In 1959, director Sergei Fyodorovich Bondarchuk made a film based on the story, where he himself played the main role - driver Andrei Sokolov. The film was an incredible success with the audience. He was awarded the main prize at the Moscow Film Festival, and the director opened the way to big cinema. At the end of 1959, Mikhail Alexandrovich re-creates the second volume of the novel Virgin Soil Upturned. It was lost during the evacuation of the district department of the NKVD in 1942, where Mikhail Aleksandrovich deposited his personal archive at the beginning of the war. The second volume of Virgin Soil Upturned was published in 1960. For this novel he was awarded the Lenin Prize.

In 1965, to Sholokhov M.A. came international fame. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for his novel The Quiet Flows the Don. In the future, Mikhail Alexandrovich moved away from writing, and was engaged more and more in public. He was a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 10 convocations. Conducted reception of citizens, helped to solve their problems. His merits were noted by the state in the postwar years. He was twice awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor. In this regard, a bust of the writer was installed in the village of Vyoshenskaya. Other states also highly appreciated his merits. He was awarded several foreign orders. Mikhail Alexandrovich was an honorary member of a number of universities, including foreign ones. His works have been translated into many languages ​​of the world. The total circulation of published books amounted to more than 100 million copies. Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov died in 1984 and was buried near his home.

Vyoshenskaya on the map

From the previous post, we learned . Today I will tell you about why this Don hinterland is so remarkable, why you should go here and what interesting things you can visit here.

Rich story, amazing nature and hospitality local residents- this is what the people of Veshenians have carefully preserved for many centuries. People come here to get to know the work of M.A. Sholokhov, go through iconic places and try to understand where the great genius drew his inspiration from. They go to get to know the life, traditions and customs of the Don Cossacks, their peculiarities national cuisine and mentality, enjoy amazing landscapes and feel like a part of the Cossack free Don.

The village of Veshenskaya is rich in both cultural and natural attractions, many of which are associated with the life of the great countryman M.A. Sholokhov. From all the variety we will try to choose the 10 most interesting ones.

How to download the map and use it offline, read

House-estate M.A. Sholokhov

House-estate of M.A. Sholokhov

The house-estate of Sholokhov is considered to be the most notable building in the center of the village. A bright two-storey house, built in post-war 1949, with a terrace and a balcony, is a real architectural monument. In this luxurious mansion, the writer lived with his wife and children until his death. The house-museum is unique. The entire setting of the estate has been preserved unchanged. Each thing "remembers" its famous owner.

On the ground floor there is an entrance hall, an office-reception room and a large dining room. The whole family often gathered at the round table in the dining room, they solved family issues over tea drinking, had conversations, joked. Time at the table always flew by unnoticed.

Writer's office

On the second floor there is a large bright office with a balcony. Here the writer read letters that came in tons to Veshenskaya, and drew inspiration from looking at the endless blue of the river. Next to it is a small office. It was in this office that the second book of "Virgin Soil Upturned", "They Fought for the Motherland", "The Fate of a Man" was born. There is also a hunting room on the floor, where the family was preparing to go fishing or hunting, and bedrooms and a room dedicated to the presentation of the Nobel Prize to the writer.

Around the estate there is a picturesque garden. Some trees were planted by the owner of the estate more than 60 years ago. The lilac alley at the entrance is especially picturesque.

The garage, where an exhibition of cars belonging to the writer, an outbuilding with a Russian stove, a barn with a basement and a glacier, is also preserved unchanged.

Grave of Mikhail and Maria Sholokhov

In the southern part of the estate, in the shade of birches and firs, Mikhail Alexandrovich and his wife Maria found their last rest. Above the grave is a large stone block with the inscription "Sholokhov". No names, no dates... And fresh flowers always lie nearby...

Memorial house of the Sholokhovs on the street. Sholokhov, 103

House of the Sholokhovs on the street. Sholokhov, 103

In 1928, the young Sholokhov family moved to Art. Veshenskaya and bought a small house. It was built at the beginning of the 20th century. in the style of a kuren, typical for the Cossacks, with a hipped roof, "tops", "bottoms" and a veranda. Here Mikhail Alexandrovich worked on the last books of the novel "Quiet Flows the Don", the first chapters of "Virgin Soil Upturned" were written right there.

Study

The family represented by the writer, his wife Maria, daughter Svetlana and Mikhail's mother Anastasia Danilovna lived here until 1935. Later, Maria Petrovna's parents lived in this house. Now the memorial house belongs to the museum-reserve.

The exposition presents the life and work of the writer in the 20-30s. In one of the outbuildings in the courtyard of the house there is an exhibition "Hunting and Fishing". It is known that Mikhail Alexandrovich was scary lover sit on the shore with a fishing rod, and shoot ducks. All the things presented at the exhibition served their owner faithfully for many years.

Literary exposition “M.A. Sholokhov. Time and fate"

A large gray building on the central square at the beginning of the 20th century. belonged to the village administration. Later, it was transferred to the school where young Misha Sholokhov also studied from 1916 to 1919. In 2005, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the birth of the writer, the building housed a literary museum. The exposition of the museum is unique in many respects. In several thematic sections, manuscripts, books, documents, letters, photographs and paintings tell about the work of the singer of the Don land.

Memorial house of the Sholokhovs in x. Kruzhilinskiy

Memorial house in x. Kruzhilinskiy

30 km south of Veshenskaya, another attraction is the Kruzhilinsky farm. He is known for the fact that on May 24, 1905, the future Nobel laureate Misha Sholokhov was born here in the family of a hereditary merchant Alexander Mikhailovich and a peasant woman Anastasia Danilovna. In x. Kruzhilinsky, little Misha lived with his mother and father for the first 5 years of his life. The typical Cossack hut in which they lived is now the object of a museum-reserve.

Next to the house-museum, another one was created in 2006 interesting object- "Cossack farmstead of the late XIX century." In the courtyard you can learn about the life of the Cossacks, feed poultry, milk a cow, kindle a stove, and then taste real Cossack treats.

Cossack farmstead of the late 19th century

Every year, in September Kruzhilinsky celebrate the so-called harvest festival - "". At the festival, you can get acquainted with the peculiarities of the life of the Cossacks of the early 20th century, take part in harvesting, observe various traditional rituals and customs, and finally, as expected, taste local dishes.

Church of the Archangel Michael

An integral part of the life of the Cossacks was their faith in God. Therefore, every time when the town was founded, the Cossacks necessarily built a church. Such a wooden church in honor of the Archangel Michael was built after the founding of the town of Veshki. When it was decided to move the town to a new location, the wooden church was moved along with other buildings. Later it was rebuilt in stone.

St. Michael the Archangel Church

Local historian I.M. Sulin at the end of the 19th century. pointed to the valuable antiquities of the temple: the Gospel of 1774, the small Gospel of 1701, the Tsvetnaya Triod 1695, the Tolkovo Gospel of 1707 and a silver chalice with a device.

In addition to St. Michael the Archangel Church, there was also a handsome Trinity Cathedral in the village. In the 30s, they tried to blow up the shrines. The latter did not succeed in surviving, but Sholokhov himself interceded for the Archangel Church. The writer was listened to and a granary was placed inside the building.

During the war, the temple was badly damaged. The altar and bell tower were destroyed. A German bomb fell directly on the main dome, but thanks to the grain, it never exploded.

The restoration of the Church of the Archangel Michael began in the 1990s. Now the white-green temple is a real decoration of the village.

Sanatorium "Veshensky"

If you walk along st. Sholokhov to western outskirts village, you can be at the sanatorium. Founded in 1983, the Veshensky sanatorium is a climatic and balneological resort known far beyond the Rostov region. It is located right in pine forest 800 meters from the Don River.

Sanatorium "Veshensky"

On the territory of the sanatorium, two natural source mineral water. One of them is highly mineralized, the second is medium mineralized. Mineral water sanatorium allows you to treat diseases gastrointestinal tract, metabolism, musculoskeletal system, peripheral and central nervous systems, some diseases of the heart and skin.

The embankment of the Don River is a wonderful place to relax. Even in the most inclement weather, Don always remains quiet. Slowly he carries his waters to the side Sea of ​​Azov. The river was very colorfully described by M.A. Sholokhov in the novel of the same name: “Against the village, the Don arches like a kabarzhina of the Tatar sagaydak, as if turning to the right, and near the farm of Bazka again majestically straightens, carries greenish, translucent blue waters past the chalk spurs of the right-bank mountains, past solid farms on the right side, past rare ones on the left side villages to the sea ... ".

Monument "Grigory and Aksinya"

On the embankment there is a monument "Grigory and Aksinya" by the sculptor N.V. Mozhaev. In 1983, it was installed in Rostov-on-Don, and only 12 years later it was decided to transport it "to its homeland" in Veshenskaya.

In 2015, on the occasion of the 110th anniversary of the birth of the great countryman, the embankment near the monument was ennobled. And now "Grigory and Aksinya" are a truly vivid symbol of the Cossack Don.

And in September 2016, another monument appeared on the embankment - Batyushka-Don, as a symbol of Cossack hospitality and hospitality.

Bust of M.A. Sholokhov

If you climb the stairs leading along the river, up, you can meet the bust of M.A. Sholokhov. It was installed during the life of the writer, in 1981. At that time, the lifetime installation of the bust was awarded to all twice Heroes of Socialist Labor, which was Mikhail Alexandrovich. At the personal request of the sculptor A.S. Novikov depicted him in a tunic, looking into the distance at the bend of his beloved river and the endless expanses of the steppe.

Stela Yu.A. Gagarin

From the bust we will head to the eastern part of the church. Near the square you can see the stele-bas-relief of the first Soviet cosmonaut Y. Gagarin. Yuri Alekseevich visited Veshenskaya in June 1967. From the stage on main square he spoke to the assembled villagers.

It's time to take a stroll through Central Park. At the playground, in September 2012, a monument to grandfather Shchukar by the sculptor S.P. Kalchenko. Cheerful Shchukar sits on a bronze bench and from the side watches the children frolicking on the playground.

Monument "Grandfather Shchukar"

WITH opposite side the monument to V.I. Lenin, proudly looking at the building of the District Administration.

Every year on the first Saturday after May 24 central park and on the embankment there is a grandiose, timed to coincide with the birthday of Mikhail Alexandrovich. The festival is always attended by many people from all over the world.

It is difficult to imagine a Cossack without a horse. For the Cossacks, the horse is not only a means of transportation, but also a reliable comrade, a fighting friend. Even now, horses are integral residents of the village. You can get acquainted with the Don horses and even try yourself as a rider at the stables of the museum-reserve. More information about ticket prices and the rules for visiting the stable can be found on the website of the State Museum-Reserve M.A. Sholokhov. Every year in May, the stables organize a holiday of Cossack horse riding and riding ““.

Not far from x. Lebyazhensky, 19 km east of the village of Veshenskaya there is an unforgettable place in its beauty - Lebyazhy Krutoyar. From a forty-meter sandy cliff open amazing landscapes Don and the right-bank lowland.

Hills, sparsely forested, stretching far into the blue haze of the horizon; low hanging white clouds, as in a mirror reflected in the glossy water surface; and the handsome Don, quiet, majestic, like a wise old man who has experienced a lot in his lifetime. Here you feel truly free and free, here you feel like a real Cossack!

It is not surprising that Mikhail Alexandrovich himself was very fond of visiting the Krutoyar. Apparently, it was here that he drew inspiration for the creation of his immortal works.

Another amazing natural monument is the Veshensky oak. It is located three kilometers north of the village. A huge oak tree over 400 years old "remembers" the entire history of Vyoshek from the moment of its foundation. This oak is unique in many ways, a real forest patriarch! There are no similar trees in the Rostov region, and throughout Russia you can count a few. The circumference of the oak trunk is 7.6 m, to clasp it will require at least five adults. At a height of two meters, the trunk splits into two parts, sending branches up to 25 m. Under a powerful tent-shaped crown, you can enjoy the coolness even on the hottest day. There is a recreation area nearby. A table and a few chairs were made from tree cuts.

Not far from the patriarch, several smaller trees grow about 300 years old.

Of course, there are much more than ten sights in Veshenskaya. There is also a memorial to the fallen soldiers during the Great Patriotic War, and a memorial cross on the site of the destroyed Trinity Cathedral. In Art. Elanskaya, in the immediate vicinity of the Lebyazhy Krutoyar, the Melikhovs' farmstead, which participated in two film adaptations of The Quiet Flows the Don, has been preserved. Nearby is a beautiful spring "Otrog" with the purest water, there is and healing spring Don Icon Mother of God. And also water meadows, feather grass steppes and numerous lakes. If you search, you can find it not far! Indeed, there is something to see here!

Veshenskoye rural settlement is located on the territory of the Sholokhov district of the Rostov region. The territory of the settlement is 272.5 sq. km. The population is 11,154 people. It includes farms: Pigarevsky, Krasnoyarovsky, Andropovsky, Lebyazhensky, Solontsovsky and 2 oldest villages of the Sholokhov region: Veshenskaya and Elanskaya.

Stanitsa Veshenskaya is a district center with a population of 9704 people, on the territory of which there are 4580 households.

According to legend, the village of Veshenskaya was founded in 1662 ... in any case, in 1672 the town of "Veshki" already existed. Initially, the Cossack town was located between Lake Rassokhov and Don, i.e. downstream of the Don.

From the "Don Diocesan Gazette" we learn: "Because of the floods in 1740, the town of Veshka moved to a new place, where there was already the village of Reshetovskaya, formed by the inhabitants of the town of Chigonaki."

The highest authority in the stanitsa was held by the stanitsa assembly, which decided many economic and public affairs and elected stanitsa atamans and judges. Veshki, in addition to the stanitsa and farm atamans, had two atamans of the stanitsa settlement - its upper and lower parts. Ivan Fyodorovich Shchepotkin was the first Vyoshensky ataman.

The painting of Veshki of the 1st quarter of the 20th century, masterfully drawn by M.A. Sholokhov, has already become a classic:

“Veshenskaya is all in a mound of yellow sands. A gloomy, bald village without gardens. On the square there is an old cathedral grayed by time, six streets are laid out along the Don. Where the Don, arching, leaves the village for Bazki, with a sleeve into the thickets of poplars, a lake the width of the Don leaves in shallow water. At the end of the lake, the village also ends.

Landmarks are no longer the same as those described by M.A. Sholokhov. On the territory of the village of Veshenskaya there are: 15 industrial enterprises, 3 large agricultural enterprises, 4 bank branches, Pedagogical College named after. M.A. Sholokhov, sanatorium "Veshensky". Four higher educational institutions have their branches: Taganrog Pedagogical Institute, Rostov Pedagogical University, Moscow State University and Technology, Moscow Institute of Professional Innovations. Also in the village there are: 6 schools, 3 preschool institutions, a Center for extracurricular activities, a central district hospital, a polyclinic, 2 dispensaries, 6 pharmacies, a Palace of Culture, a stadium, 5 hotels, 8 enterprises Catering(cafes, restaurants).

96 people live in the village of Yelanskaya, there are 70 farmsteads. The name of the town comes from the name of the river, known long before the foundation of the settlement. The very word "elan", according to the dictionary of V.I.Dal, means a vast clearing in the forest, meadow, pasture, etc. This word came into the Russian language from the Turkic languages. In the "Dictionary of the Geographical Russian State" in 1804, in the certificate of the Yelanskaya village, it is noted: "The name Yelan in Tatar means a clean field or steppe." According to the 1897 census, there were 265 households in the village of Yelanskaya; 1017 people lived (8 nobles, 99 townspeople, 2 foreigners, 18 clergy). There were 368 literate people among the population. By the beginning of the 1820s, the Yelan wooden St. Nicholas Church, having existed for several decades, fell into disrepair and became cramped. That is why in 1823 a new, stone church with the same name was laid in the village, which was quickly built - its consecration took place in 1826. The archive preserved a description of the Yelan church of 1853, which says that the church is brick, plastered inside and out, covered with iron and painted with green paint, domes and crosses are gilded with pure gold; around the church there was a brick fence covered with iron. According to the stories of old-timers, the largest church bell weighed one hundred and seven pounds, and the bell ringing was heard in calm weather in the Ust-Khoperskaya village and with a fair wind in Veshki.

Head of Veshensky rural settlement

List of deputies of Veshensky rural settlement

Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov lived in the village of Vyoshenskaya from 1926 to 1984.

The village is located on the left bank of the Don River. She is currently administrative center Sholokhov district of the Rostov region and the Vyoshensky settlement. Here is the center of the State Museum-Reserve M.A. Sholokhov and a number of his objects.

The name of the village, according to local historians P. Losev, A. Gribanov, writer A. Suichmezov, came from the word "milestone", "milestone": "The name came from those milestones, milestones that stood here in ancient times on a long way from the north to the south "(A.M. Suichmezov. Native Donshchina. Rostov-on-Don, 1985. P. 42). VN Korolev adheres to another, less common, version. In his opinion, the name of the town comes from the word "vezha", which means "hut, dwelling, gatehouse." He writes: “In pre-Mongolian times, the Eastern Slavs called vezhami semi-nomadic felt dwellings, later known in Russian under the terms “kibitka” or “yurt” ... It is quite possible that in the Veshki region more than four hundred years ago there were huts and gatehouses - “vezhi” - the first inhabitants ”(Korolev V.N. Starye Veshki. The story of the Cossacks. Rostov-on-Don, 1991. P. 18).

There is an assumption that Vyoshenskaya was founded in the middle of the 16th century. free Cossacks of Sary Azman, and later their camp was used by Russian border detachments for their settlement. The town of Veshki was first mentioned in 1571, when Tsar Ivan the Terrible signed the “Boyar verdict on stanitsa and guard service”, in which “they mention the“ head in the field ”, which should be sent from the city of Shatsk and“ stand ”in Vezhki, above Medveditsa and Khopra." Over time, the border tract of Vezhki became the town of Veshki.

It is known that the Cossacks of the Vyoshensky town participated in the capture of Azov in 1637 and the Azov siege seat in 1641, in all land and sea campaigns of the Cossacks against Turkish and Crimean cities Black Sea region. In 1670, the Vyoshenians were active participants in the peasant war led by Stepan Razin, and in 1707-1708. - Bulavinsky uprising.

According to the Don Diocesan Gazette, in 1740, due to floods, the town was moved from the floodplain to a high terrace above the Don, where it connected with the village of Reshetovskaya and received the status of a village.

In the novel "Quiet Flows the Don" M.A. Sholokhov gives detailed description Vyoshenskaya: “On the gently sloping sandy left bank, above the Don, lies the village of Vyoshenskaya, the oldest of the upper Don villages, transferred from the site of the Chigonatskaya village devastated under Peter I, renamed Vyoshenskaya. The milestone was once along the large waterway Voronezh - Azov. Against the village, the Don arches like a kobarzhina of the Tatar sagaydak, as if turning to the right, and near the farm of Bazka again majestically straightens up, carries greenish, translucent blue waters past the chalk spurs of the right-bank mountains, past solid farms on the right side, past rare villages on the left side to the sea, to blue Azov…

Vyoshenskaya - all in the mound of yellow sands. A sad, bald village without gardens. On the square there is an old cathedral, gray with time, six streets are laid out along the Don. Where the Don, arching, leaves the village for Bazki, a lake, as wide as the Don in shallow water, leaves like a sleeve in a thicket of poplars. At the end of the lake, the village also ends. On a small square, overgrown with needle-gold thorns, there is a second church, green domes, a green roof, matching the color of the greenery of the poplars that have grown on the other side of the lake ”(Sholokhov M.A. Collected works in 8 vols. Vol. 1. M ., 1985, p. 146).

During the resettlement of the town, the wooden church of the Archangel Michael was also moved to a new place, then the construction of a stone church with a bell tower and a chapel of St. John the Theologian began. The aisle was consecrated on November 26, 1780, and the main altar on December 28, 1786.

In 1853, in the eastern part of the village, construction began on a stone church in the name of the Holy Trinity with a chapel of the Dormition of the Mother of God. The temple was consecrated in 1858. In 1936, at a joint meeting of the bureau of the district committee and the presidium of the RIK (a), a decision was made to demolish the Trinity Church (minutes No. 8 of March 9, 1936 “On the closure of the church in the village of Vyoshenskaya”). February 9, 1937 Holy Trinity Church was blown up. In 1993, a memorial cross was erected at this place.

St. Michael the Archangel parish was closed in 1937, and the church building was adapted for a granary. The temple survived only thanks to the intercession of Sholokhov, who convinced the authorities not to blow it up. In 1946, the parish was opened and has been operating to this day.

In the old days, all economic and civil affairs of the Cossacks of the village of Vyoshenskaya were decided at gatherings, which were the highest authority. Each Cossack was given the right to speak on the issue brought up for discussion or to make proposals. The decision was taken by simple vote.

The first stanitsa ataman was Ivan Fedorovich Shchepotkin. In the confessional manuscript of the Vyoshenskaya Church for 1745, the names of the Cossacks who lived in the village are mentioned: Averkin, Dudarev, Zykov, Kolundaev, Kaledin, Soldatov, Likhovidov, Bolgarov, Popov.

In 1782, Vyoshenskaya was almost completely burned down in a fire, then rebuilt.

In the XVIII century. Don had the board and warehouse of the Singer Manufactory Company, which was engaged in the sale of sewing machines, mowers and agricultural implements, as well as bulk grain of famous Paramonov merchants. There was a trade in industrial and food products in the shops of the merchants Khrennikov, Mokhov, Konev, Sergichev. In the first half of the XIX century. Sholokhov's grandfather Mikhail Mikhailovich Sholokhov settled in Vyoshenskaya, started a family and started trading .

In Vyoshenskaya there were a stanitsa and two farm reception rooms, a post and telegraph office. In 1861 the first educational institution- a village one-class men's parish school, in 1863 - a one-class women's school of the third category (subsequently both schools were transformed into two-class schools). In 1915, a women's gymnasium was opened, and in 1917, two gymnasiums: an eight-grade and a four-grade gymnasium. In 1918, by decision of the stanitsa assembly, both gymnasiums were located in a two-story building of the stanitsa government and merged into a mixed gymnasium, which received the name "Vyoshenskaya gymnasium named after the fallen fighters for the liberation native land". From autumn 1918 to spring 1919. M.A. studied there. Sholokhov.

According to V.N. Koroleva, 715 people lived in Vyoshenskaya in 1867. (345 men and 370 women); in 1915 - 1863 people. (732 yards). Currently, the population of Vyoshenskaya is 9704 people.

In the first half of the XIX century. the village of Vyoshenskaya belonged to the Ust-Medveditsky district of the Don Army Region and was the center of the Vyoshensky yurt, at the end of the 19th century. Vyoshensky yurt went to the Donetsk district.

In 1918, the Don Cossack Oblast was renamed the Oblast of the Great Don Cossack Army, a new district was formed - Verkhne-Donskoy, with the center in Vyoshenskaya.

In 1923, the Verkhne-Donskoy district was liquidated, Vyoshenskaya became the center of the volost and was assigned to the Donetsk district. In 1924, the volost was liquidated and the Vyoshensky district was formed with the center in Vyoshenskaya. In 1984, the Vyoshensky district was renamed Sholokhovsky.

During civil war Vyoshenskaya was a place of fierce fighting. On April 23, 1918, Soviet power was established in the Upper Don District (GARO, f. R-3440, op. 1, d. 3, l. 140). On the night of March 10-11, 1919, the Cossacks raised an uprising against the "Bolsheviks and executions", which became a response to the decossackization policy pursued by the Central Committee of the RCP (b). Vyoshenskaya became the center of the uprising that engulfed the entire district. The events of the Upper Don (Vyoshensky) uprising are dedicated to the 3rd book of The Quiet Don by M.A. Sholokhov.

During the Great Patriotic War, the front came close to Vyoshenskaya, but the enemy failed to cross the Don. The headquarters of the 197th Infantry Division of General M.I. Zaporozhchenko, front-line medical institutions, supply agencies for troops, she was subjected to shelling and bombing. In 1942, the house where the Sholokhovs lived was destroyed by a fascist bomb, while the writer's mother died .

After the war, Vyoshenskaya was rebuilt. M.A. Sholokhov, as a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, made a great contribution to the improvement of the village, the arrangement of the life of the inhabitants. On the initiative of the writer and with his assistance, a water supply system, a power station, a television repeater, schools were built, a house was opened children's creativity, a school of arts, a pedagogical school with a whole complex of buildings - an educational building, a library, a hostel, houses for teachers, the Don Research Experimental Station was organized, which grew pine seedlings to strengthen the sands, a forest protection zone was established on the banks of the Don.

M.A. Sholokhov was the initiator of the creation of a folk Cossack choir and a theater of Cossack youth, with his support the Vyoshensky sanatorium, the Palace of Culture, an airport, an asphalt road to the city of Millerovo were built, the construction of a bridge over the Don River was started, which was completed after his death.

Already in the 1930s. the village of Vyoshenskaya became a place of pilgrimage for admirers of Sholokhov's work. Many have been here famous people- Soviet and foreign writers, actors, politicians, public figures.

Today the village is a leading center of culture and education, a key object cultural tourism. Objects of the M.A. Sholokhov - the only museum of federal significance in the Rostov region - is visited by more than 100 thousand tourists a year.

A bronze bust of the writer and a sculptural composition "Grigory and Aksinya" are installed on the stanitsa embankment, a sculptural composition "Grandfather Shchukar" is installed in the park, a bas-relief in memory of the meeting in 1967 of Vyoshentsev with the first cosmonaut Y. Gagarin, near the Palace of Culture - the monument "Oath", dedicated to the liberation of the area from the Nazi invaders.

Every year in May, the All-Russian literary and folklore festival "Sholokhov Spring" is held in Vyoshenskaya, dedicated to the day the birth of the writer, which gathers thousands of fans of his work.

Publication prepared
Olga Bakhtiyarova