All geographical objects are named after travelers. Interesting Facts. What geographical objects are named after travelers
1. Cape Litke - located on the northwest coast of the island New Earth. Named in 1913 by members of the expedition of G. Ya. Sedov in honor of F. P. Litke.
Litke Strait- located in the south-western part Bering Sea in the Karaginsky Bay between the Kamchatka Peninsula and the Karaginsky Island.
Litke Fedor Petrovich (1797-1882)- Admiral, round-the-world navigator, one of the initiators of the creation of the Russian geographical society and its first leader, President Russian Academy Sciences, explorer of Novaya Zemlya, Polynesia, northern shores Pacific Ocean. Litke's name adorns the map in 17 places. In 1872, the Litke Gold Medal was established, awarded for outstanding work in the field of geography.
2. Borzov Bay - located in the Barents Sea off the northwestern coast northern island The Novaya Zemlya archipelago juts out into the land between the Litke and Pankratiev straits. Examined in 913 by G. Ya. Sedov. He also named the Gulf of Tsesarevich Alexei. In 1946, it was renamed by the expedition of the Aerogeodesic Administration in honor of A. A. Borzov. A volcano in the Kuriles, glaciers in Eastern Siberia are named in his honor, Subpolar Urals, on Novaya Zemlya.
Borzov Alexander Alexandrovich (1874-1939)- a prominent geographer and teacher of higher education, a student of D. N. Anuchin, his successor and head of the Moscow School of Geographers, one of the organizers of the geographical departments at Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow State Pedagogical Institute (MPGU), head of the department of geography at MIIGAiK, editor of the well-known journal "Earth Science" .
3. Pakhtusov Island – main island in a group of islands of the same name located in the Kara Sea off the eastern coast of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago. Approximately 21 sq. km, rocky, uneven surface with steeply ending banks up to 50 m. It was discovered in 1835 by members of the expedition on the schooner "Krotov" and named in 1934 in honor of P.K. Pakhtusov. Banks in the Kara and Barents Seas, a mountain on Svalbard, a nunatak in Antarctica, a strait near Novaya Zemlya and islands in the Kara and Japan Seas are named after him.
Pakhtusov Petr Kuzmich (1800-1835)- Lieutenant of the corps of naval navigators, explorer of the Barents, Kara Seas and the Novaya Zemlya archipelago. Participated in hydrographic expeditions that made an inventory of the Barents Sea.
4. Sheep Strait - separates the islands of Oleniy and Sibiryakov, opens the passage to the Yenisei Bay Kara Sea, Named in 1895 by A. I. Velkitsky by the name of D. L. Ovtsyn.
Ovtsyn Dmitry Leontievich (dates of birth and death unknown)- Russian explorer, a member of the great Northern expedition, who described the shores of the Kara Sea. A cape on the Yamal Peninsula and a nunatak in Antarctica bear his name.
5. Sibiryakov Island - located in the Kara Sea, in the Yenisei Bay. Named in 1876 by A. E. Nordsheld in honor of a friend of A. M. Sibiryakov.
Sibiryakov Alexander Mikhailovich (1849-1933)- Russian entrepreneur, initiator of the development of the Great Northern Route, organizer of many expeditions. The ship "Sibiryakov" is named after him, famous for its drift in the Arctic Ocean and who died in an unequal battle with the German cruiser "Admiral Shire" on 08/25/1942. In honor of the Siberians, a bank in the Barents Sea and irrigation in the Kara Sea are named.
6. Ushakov Island - located in the northern part of the Kara Sea. It was discovered in 1935 by the GUSMP expedition on the icebreaking steamer Sadko. At the same time, at the suggestion of N. N. Zubov, who later became a prominent polar explorer, he was named after the leader of the expedition, G. A. Ushakov.
Ushakov Georgy Alekseevich (1901-1963)is a well-known polar explorer. A member of the expeditions of V. K. Arsenyev in the Ussuri taiga, during the years of the civil war he ruled the Wrangel and Herold Islands. In the 1930s, he participated in mapping the coast of Severnaya Zemlya, which had been begun by the hydrographic expedition of the Northern Arctic Ocean in 1910-1915. Two capes and mountains in Antarctica are also named after him.
7. Schmidt Island - located in the Kara Sea near Severnaya Zemlya. It was discovered in 1930 by an expedition on board the icebreaking ship "Georgy Sedov" under the leadership of O. Yu. Schmidt. Then he was named after the name of the head.
Cape Schmidt- is located on the northern coast of the Chukotka Peninsula, at the eastern entrance to the Long Strait.
Schmidt Otto Yulievich (1891-1956)- Soviet mathematician, Arctic explorer, academician. Head of several polar expeditions aimed at discovering the Northern sea route and exploration of the Central Arctic. In 1929-1930 he led an expedition on the Georgy Sedov, in 1932 on the Sibiryakov, in 1933-1934 on the Chelyuskin. Prepared and organized with ID Papanin research at station SP-1.
8. Cape Berga - is located on the northeast coast of the island of the October Revolution of the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago.
Volcano Berga- is located on the island of Urup in the group of the Kuril Islands. The name of Berg was given to a peak and a glacier in the Pamirs, a cape on Severnaya Zemlya, a glacier in the Dzungarian Alatau. Berg's name is also included in the Latin names of more than 60 animals and plants.
Berg Lev Semenovich (1876-1950)- the largest geographer-country expert, biologist, limnologist, climatologist, historian - geographer. It is difficult to name any of the geographical disciplines, the most important issues of which would not have received deep and original development in his works. Berg is one of the organizers of the Faculty of Geography of the Leningrad (St. Petersburg) University. Since 1940 - President of the Geographical Society of the USSR.
9. Shokalsky Strait - located in the Kara Sea near Severnaya Zemlya. In 1931, the Ushakov-Urvantsev expedition established that this was the strait, behind which the name given by the discoverers by the name of Yu. M. Shokalsky was left.
Shokalsky Island- the first is located in the Kara Sea near the Gulf of Ob. Opened in 1874 by the English captain D. Wiggins, he named Cherny Island. In 1922, the members of the Kom sowing sea route expedition on the Agnes schooner named it after the Agnes ship. In 1926, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee named him by the name of Yu. M. Shokalsky. The second island is located in the Barents Sea. It was surveyed in 1902 by a hydrographic expedition on the Pakhtusov steamer.
Shokalsky Yuri Mikhailovich (1856-1940)- an outstanding geographer, oceanographer and cartographer, president of the Geographical Society, honorary member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, professor at the Naval Academy and Leningrad University. He created the most famous oceanographic school with more than 2000 students. For 60 years of scientific work, he created many works, among which his "Oceanography" (1974) gained world fame. Well known textbook Physiography"(1930). More than a dozen are named in his honor. geographical objects: two islands, a strait, a current, a ridge, a cape, a bank, a glacier and an underwater ridge, as well as an oceanographic vessel.
10. Vilkitsky Strait - connects the Kara Sea and the Laptev Sea. It separates the Taimyr Peninsula and the Bolshevik Island in the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago. Named in 1914.
Vilkitsky Boris Andreevich (1885-1961) -Russian naval officer, Arctic explorer. Led a geographical expedition on the icebreakers "Taimyr" and "Vaigach". The strait between Cape Chelyuskin and the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago is named after him.
11. Cape Chelyuskin - the extreme northern tip of Asia, located on the Taimyr Peninsula, juts out into the Kara Sea. The Vilkitsky Strait was discovered and mapped in 1742 by midshipman Semyon Ivanovich Chelyuskin (Chelyustkin). At the suggestion of A.F. Meddendorf in 1843, the cape was named after the discoverer. The islands in the Taimyr Bay and the Kara Sea, the peninsula in Taimyr, as well as the legendary steamship Chelyuskin, which sank in the ice, also bear his name. A peninsula in Antarctica and a mountain on Sakhalin Island are also named in honor of the heroic Chelyuskinites.
Chelyuskin Semyon Ivanovich (dates of birth and death unknown)- Russian naval officer, member of the Great Northern Expedition. He surveyed the western coast of the Taimyr Peninsula, on August 1, 1742, he was able to map the northern tip of Asia - the historical Promontorium Tobin, later called Cape Chelyuskin.
12. Laptev Sea - the marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean, bounded from the west by the eastern shores of the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago and the Taimyr Peninsula, from the east - by the meridian of 139 ° east longitude from the edge of the continental shelf to the northern tip of Kotelny Island, the western one of the Lyakhovsky Islands.
Shore of Khariton Laptev- a narrow coastal strip along the northwestern coast of the Taimyr Peninsula between the Pyasina and Taimyr rivers.
Strait of Dmitry Laptev- connects the Laptev Sea and the East Siberian Sea. Separates Bolshoi Lyakhovsky Island from north coast Asia.
Laptev, Khariton Prokofievich and Dmitry Yakovlevich (XVIII century) -cousins. Members of the Great Northern Expedition, who explored the Siberian coast of the Arctic Ocean, a sea in the north of our country is named after them. In honor of Dmitry Laptev, the strait between the mainland and Bolshoy Lyakhovsky Island, a cape in the delta of the Lena River and a cape at the mouth of the Kolyma River are named. In honor of Khariton Laptev, the coast between the mouths of the Pyasina and Nizhnyaya Pyasina rivers and two capes were named.
13. Sannikov Strait - connects the Laptev Sea and the East Siberian Sea, separates the Lyakhovsky Islands and the Anzhu Island. It was opened in 1773 by the Yakut industrialist I. Lyakhov. In 1902, he was named a member of the RPE in 1900-1903 by F. A. Matisen by the name of the expedition doctor Viktor Nikolaevich by the Katin-Yartsev Strait. Apparently, in 1909, K. A. Vollosovich named it in honor of one of the first explorers of the New Siberian Islands, the Yakov Sannikov Strait. In 1935 this name was legalized.
Sannikov Yakov (dates of birth and death unknown)- Russian explorer, Yakut merchant, engaged in fishing on the coast of the Arctic Ocean. Described the island of Stolbovoy and Faddeevsky. Participating in the expedition of M. M. Gedeshtrom in 1810-1811, he saw the Earth to the north of the island, which was called the Sannikov Land. Subsequently, many expeditions went in search of this Earth, but it was not discovered. A river is also named after him. New Siberian Islands, which received this name in 1811.
14. City of Bilibino - an urban-type settlement in Chukotka.
Bilibin Yuri Alexandrovich (1901-1952)- Russian geologist, corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Participant in the discovery of gold-bearing regions in the north-east of Russia. The nuclear power plant in Chukotka is also named after him.
15. Bering Strait - connects the Pacific and Arctic Oceans, separates the Chukotka Peninsula on the Eurasian continent and the Alaska Peninsula in North America.
Bering Island- is located in the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean as part of the Commander Islands to the east of Kamchatka.
Bering Sea- located in the northern part of the Pacific Ocean off the coast of the northeast coast of Asia and the northwestern part North America.
Bering Vitus (1703-1741)- Danish naval officer in Russian service, explorer of Asia, one of the leaders of the Great Northern Expedition (1733-1743), discovered the coast of Alaska. He died on the island later named after him.
16. Shelikhov Bay(Penzhinsky)- northeastern part of the Sea of Okhotsk.
City of Shelikhov– since 1962 the city in Irkutsk region, railroad station. About a dozen objects are named after him, in particular, islands off the coast of North America, a strait in the same place, a cape, a lake, a mountain, and a bank.
Shelikhov Georgy Ivanovich (1747-1795)- Russian merchant, founder of the first Russian settlements in the so-called Russian America. Spent significant geographical research. On the basis of the settlement of Shelikhov in 1799, the Russian-American Company was formed. For his tireless work, he was called the Russian Columbus.
17. Nagaev Bay - in the northern part Sea of Okhotsk, in the Tauiskaya Bay off the western coast of the Staritsky Peninsula.
Nagaev Alexey Ivanovich (1704-1781)- Admiral, navigator, cartographer, hydrographer, explorer of the Caspian and Baltic Seas. Produced an inventory of the Caspian Sea, and then the Gulf of Finland. Compiled navigation maps of Vitus Bering, compiled and corrected maps Baltic Sea used by sailors of the Baltic fleet for 60 years. Commanded the port in Kronstadt. He collected materials on the history of the Russian fleet, used in the 19th century by V. Berkh. Based on the materials of the expedition of the second half of the 18th century, he compiled a general map of the Caspian Sea, published after his death in 1796.
18. Atlasov Island - located in the Sea of Okhotsk, the northern one in the group of the Kuril Islands.
Atlasov (Otlasov) Vladimir Vasilievich (Timofeevich) (circa 1652-1711)- Russian explorer, the first explorer of Kamchatka. The Atlasovka River on Sakhalin Island, which flows into the Aniva Bay of the Sea of Okhotsk, also bears his name.
19. Cape Przhevalsky - is located on the southern Kuril island of Iturup in the Sea of Okhotsk. The name of Przhevalsky was given to the city near which he died at the beginning of his last trip, and a number of other geographic features.
Przhevalsky Nikolai Mikhailovich (1839-1888)- an outstanding traveler-researcher of Central Asia. He surveyed more than 30,000 km of his path, astronomically determined hundreds of heights, collected the richest material on the relief, climate, flora and fauna of Mongolia, Northern and Western China, the Tibetan Plateau and the Ussuri Territory. Based on the materials of his five travels, detailed scientific reports were published, written in excellent literary language, which served as a model for subsequent expeditionary research by Russian travelers.
20. Cape Dokuchaev - is located on one of the southern Kuril Islands Kunashir near the Nemuro Strait in the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean. His name was given to the Institute of Soil Science of the Academy of Sciences, on the map a cape and the main watershed ridge on Kunashir Island in the Kuril Archipelago are named after him.
Dokuchaev Vasily Vasilyevich (1846-1903)- a great Russian scientist, natural geographer, soil scientist, geologist and mineralogist. He founded modern scientific soil science, completed the creation of the doctrine of latitudinal and high-altitude natural zones.
21. Kropotkin Ridge - located on the Olekminsky-Vitim plateau. Altitude up to 1647 m - Korolenko char. It is composed of crystalline rocks, granites. Discovered by geologist A. A. Voznesensky, explorer of East Asia.
City of Kropotkin- is in Krasnodar Territory, arose as a Romanovsky farm. Named after V. A. Kropotkin.
Kropotkin Petr Alekseevich (1842-1921)- geographer and geomorphologist, one of the founders of Quaternary paleogeography, creator of the doctrine of ancient continental glaciation, researcher of Siberia and the Amur region, author of numerous articles on the geography of Russia. At the same time, he was an outstanding social and political figure, a revolutionary theorist of anarchism.
Drake Strait and Lisyansky Island, Cape Chelyuskin and Livingston Falls, Australian Tasmania and Hudson Bay... Naming the places where the ships of legendary travelers ended up many years ago, we will admire the daredevils who left their names on geographical maps for centuries.
Wrangel Island
Flag Russian Empire The crew of the Vaigach icebreaker raised the island in 1911. However, it was not Russian polar explorers who discovered it, but the British explorer Henry Kellett, who in 1849 passed by on a ship, but did not land on the shore. The island got its name in honor of Ferdinand Petrovich Wrangel - admiral, navigator, polar explorer who studied the northeast coast of Siberia and West Coast North America from the Bering Strait to California, was the ruler of Russian America and actively opposed the sale of Alaska to the United States.
Wrangel Island, lost on the far north, in the Arctic Ocean, has been under the protection of UNESCO since 2004. Last glacial period bypassed it, so today there are as many rare animals and plants as there are on any Arctic island in the world. Even willows grow here, however, dwarf ones, no more than a meter high. Its real owners are walruses, polar bears and geese. Scientists say that it is on these shores that one of the largest walrus rookeries in the Arctic is quartered - up to 130 thousand individuals. On Wrangel itself and the neighboring tiny Herald, there is the largest number of "maternity" polar bear dens in the world - from 300 to 500.
Strait of Magellan
In 1520 Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan made several geographical discoveries. The first and foremost of these was the discovery of a 575-kilometer strait between the islands at the southern tip of South America and the mainland itself. The search for the strait took a lot of time: Magellan studied more than two thousand kilometers of the coast, looking out for the treasured sea corridor among the endless bays and bays. Before embarking on the “wintering”, Magellan mistook the mouth of the La Plata River for the strait, but soon realized that he was mistaken.
Only months later, Magellan's flotilla ended up at a narrow strait that led deep into the mainland. The ships passed it in 38 days, and the Portuguese did not lose a single ship during this difficult journey. Having explored the strait, Magellan at the same time discovered the Tierra del Fuego archipelago, and also gave the name to the ocean in which he found himself - Pacific (the voyage took place in good weather).
Mount Fitzroy
British Navy officer Robert Fitzroy went down in history as an explorer of unfriendly southern shores Latin America, and also as the person who discovered Charles Darwin to the world. It was him, a 23-year-old graduate of the University of Cambridge, that Fitzroy took with him on a trip around the world on the Beagle ship and allowed him to collect huge scientific material during the trip.
On December 27, 1831, the ship left Portsmouth and set sail. On board the Beagle was a team of 70 people, as well as three Indians, whom Fitzroy had taken to England during a previous expedition to get acquainted with civilization, and now he wanted to return to their homeland. Having reached the shores of South America, the ship spent more than three years off its coast. Fitzroy did an enormous amount of cartographic work, charting numerous islets off the east and western coast mainland, explored the Strait of Magellan and Patagonia.
It's funny that Robert Fitzroy, during his journey, never saw the mountain that today bears his name. Almost 40 years after his voyage to the South American peak in the wilds of Patagonia, the Argentine traveler Francisco Moreno came across. He decided to name the picturesque peak 3375 meters high in honor of the famous British explorer.
Cape Dezhnev
Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev in 1648 rounded the Chukotka Peninsula from the north and proved that it was possible to get from Europe to China through the northern seas. He passed through the strait separating America from Eurasia 80 years earlier than Vitus Bering, but since little was known about Russian pioneers in the Old World at that time, Bering got fame. However, in 1879, restoring justice, the Swedish Arctic explorer Niels Nordenskiöld named the extreme eastern point of Eurasia after the Russian navigator. Until that time, the cape was called Vostochny.
Cape Dezhnev is one of the most brutal places on the Chukotka Peninsula. Here the rocks are piled one on top of the other, there are often fogs and a piercing wind is constantly blowing. However, despite the remoteness from civilization, there are sights in these places: the lighthouse named after Semyon Dezhnev and the old cross, installed nearby, the abandoned settlement of whalers of the 18th-20th centuries - Naukan (it was disbanded under Soviet rule). However, those who climb into these parts go to look at unique fauna: countless bird markets are located here, there is a walrus and seal rookery, in spring you can see polar bears with cubs. Sometimes killer whales and gray whales swim close to the shore.
Mount Cook
The highest peak in New Zealand (3754 meters) is located on the South Island, in the Aoraki Mount Cook National Park. This is the land of endless valleys, glaciers, lakes and the Southern Alps (so called mountain range stretching from south to north). The air here is so cold and fresh that it burns the lungs. The weather is changeable: sometimes the sun shines brightly, sometimes it drizzles. Dozens of wildflowers grow in the foothills, and a few meters higher, on the mountain slopes, the ground is covered with an ice crust and a layer of snow.
The mountain is named after one of the most famous sailors who ever lived in the world - James Cook. The English explorer visited the coast of New Zealand during his first trip around the world in 1768-1771. He opened the strait between the North and southern islands(bears his name) and proved that New Zealand- these are two independent pieces of land, and not part of an unknown mainland.
Ratmanov Island
Ratmanov Island is located in the Bering Strait and is a large rock with a flat top covered with a snow cap. This is the easternmost point of Russia, from where, in good weather, you can see the coast of Alaska. There is no special life here, except that the border guards are on duty, and buffy hummingbirds fly in to stay during the migration, which are heading for California.
The name of the island has changed several times. At first, it bore the name Imaklik - that was the name of the Eskimos who once lived here. Another name is Big Diomede (“big diomeid”, as the Americans say). There is also Little Diomede (or Krusenstern Island), it is a neighbor of Ratmanov Island and belongs to the USA. The name of Diomede was given to the archipelago by Vitus Bering, who in August 1728 ended up in these parts on his boat "Saint Gabriel". 90 years later, the waters of the Bering Strait were plied by the navigator Otto Kotzebue, who decided to name Big Diomede after his colleague, naval officer Makar Ratmanov, with whom he participated in the circumnavigation.
Bering Strait
The strait, along which the water border between Russia and the United States passes and which separates the continents of Eurasia and North America, is named after Vitus Bering, an officer of the Russian fleet of Danish origin. In the XVIII century, he led two expeditions to Kamchatka, discovered several Aleutian Islands. Bering passed through this strait in 1728, the first European navigator.
The width of the strait at its narrowest point is only 86 kilometers, and desperate daredevils periodically try to overcome this distance by boat or by swimming. Most often, their plans are frustrated due to bad weather. In the summer of 2012, Philippe Croison, a French disabled athlete without arms and legs, swam across a 4-kilometer section of the strait between Kruzenshtern Island and Ratmanov Island.
Drake Passage
The strait connecting the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean is the widest on Earth. Even its narrow part is more than 800 kilometers. In the north it washes the Tierra del Fuego archipelago, in the south it borders on Antarctica, more precisely on the Southern Shetland Islands. The famous English pirate Francis Drake discovered this strait. It was he who first sailed through it in 1578 on the ship "Golden Doe", thus making the second trip around the world after Magellan.
The Drake Passage is a very dangerous place for sailors, it is replete with whirlpools, bad weather often rages in it and severe storms occur. To defeat him, you have to be very brave. Such, for example, as Fedor Konyukhov. In 2010 Russian traveler sailed through it for the sixth time at the head of a round-the-world expedition.
Hudson Bay
This huge water area in the north of Canada is called the Canadian Inland Sea due to the fact that the bay goes deep into the country. It is noteworthy that Hudson Bay belongs to both the Arctic Ocean and the Atlantic.
Sebastian Cabot was the first to visit here at the beginning of the 16th century. A hundred years later, in 1611, the bay was rediscovered by Henry Hudson under tragic circumstances. Going on another expedition in search of northern route to Asia, Hudson encountered a mutiny on the ship. The sailors took possession of the ship and turned back, and he, with his son and other members of the crew, who probably supported the Hudson, were put on a rowboat, leaving them no supplies. Nothing more is known about the fate of the legendary navigator. It is believed that he disappeared in the icy expanses of the bay, deservedly named after him.
Lisyansky Island
This small Pacific island in the northwest of the Hawaiian archipelago was discovered during Ivan Krusenstern's round-the-world trip in 1805. It was named after the captain of the Neva sloop Fyodor Lisyansky, who participated in the expedition. Until the beginning of the 20th century, guano was mined here - fertilizer from litter. Since 1909, the island, at the initiative of Theodore Roosevelt, became part of the Hawaiian Bird Sanctuary.
Not far from Lisyansky Island is a giant coral reef with an area of 979 square kilometers called "Neva Shoals", or "Neva Shoals" (Neva Shoals), which got its name because of the Neva vessel, on which Lisyansky and his team sailed. It was they who first discovered this reef, stumbling upon it and miraculously not breaking. It is here, in the Neva Shoals area, that you can see the most beautiful coral colonies, for which the reef is called the “coral garden”.
Thaddeus Islands
The Thaddeus Islands are named after the discoverer of Antarctica, Thaddeus Faddeevich Bellingshausen. They are located off the eastern coast of the Taimyr Peninsula. This group of islands was discovered in 1736 by members of the Great Northern Expedition, or rather, by the detachment of Vasily Pronchishchev, a Russian polar explorer. They were moving on wooden ship along the northeastern coast of Taimyr, at the risk of getting stuck in the ice, and made a description coastline. Together with Pronchishchev, his wife Tatyana also traveled. True, unofficially. However, she became the first female member of the Arctic expeditions.
There is a version that the islands were found much earlier, in 1689, when Ivan Tolstoukhov, the first explorer of Taimyr, went to study these lands. However, his ship was crushed by ice. According to scientists, people then landed on the Thaddeus Islands, having managed to save the most valuable and necessary things from the ship. From the islands, they crossed the frozen sea to the mainland, where they built a hut from driftwood. But none of the members of Tolstoukhov's expedition could survive. That is why nothing was known about the islands before Pronchishchev's campaign.
Cape Chelyuskin
Man first reached Cape Chelyuskin in 1742. Then the expedition led by Semyon Ivanovich Chelyuskin named the Cape East-Northern. It took place as part of the Great Northern Expedition, which was approved by the Admiralty Board, which considered that it was necessary to explore in detail the north of Russia from Pechora to Chukotka and make a description of those places. In honor of Semyon Chelyuskin, a polar navigator and explorer of the north of Russia, the cape was named already in 1842, when the centenary of his expedition was celebrated.
The most north point The Taimyr Peninsula has a harsh climate. Winter here is year-round, the snow practically does not melt, and the temperature in July and August usually does not exceed +1C°. In 1932, a polar station was equipped on the cape, to which an observatory was later added. Now the station has been transferred to the status of a meteorological station. About 10 people constantly winter on it. Communication with the mainland and civilization is provided by the Cape Chelyuskin airfield with a helipad.
Livingston Falls
Livingston Falls - a system of rapids and waterfalls, stretching for 350 kilometers on the Congo River, in its lower reaches. This cascading water fall system is considered the world's largest in terms of water flow per second. The level difference of the river here is 270 meters.
Waterfalls end in the main seaport Republic of the Congo - Matadi, who founded the English journalist, traveler, African explorer Henry Morton Stanley. He also named the waterfalls he found in the Congo in honor of David Livingston, a Scotsman, an outstanding explorer of Africa. Having spent on this continent most of his life, Livingston walked along it on foot for a total of about 50 thousand kilometers! At the same time, it is curious that he never saw the system of thresholds discovered by Stanley, since he studied only upstream Congo.
The most visited of the entire Livingston water cascade system is the Inga waterfall, 96 meters high. Helicopter rides are organized here, and the especially brave pass through the rapids of the Congo in kayaks, canoes and even rafts. You can also participate in hiking trails with guides recreating the path of Henry Morton Stanley, but this requires good physical fitness and appropriate equipment.
tasmania island
The island of Tasmania, located off the coast of Australia, has opened Dutch navigator Abel Tasman back in 1642. True, the sailors did not go ashore then, but after walking a few miles, they turned east and a few days later ended up off the coast of New Zealand. Here they had their first and, at the same time, bloody meeting with the Maori natives, during which several sailors died. The expedition continued, and the islands of Fiji and Tonga were soon discovered. However, the leadership of the East India Company recognized the expedition as unsuccessful, since new trade routes weren't found. And Australia, New Zealand and the island of Tasmania were forgotten for another 100 years. While in these southern lands the famous navigator James Cook did not reach. The island got its real name almost 200 years later, in 1856.
Today, a good half of the island of Tasmania - protected area With national parks and fields where opium is grown legally for the pharmaceutical industry. There are hundreds of tales about strangely behaving birds and dancing kangaroos, but one thing is clear - the poppy fields here are very beautiful in any weather.
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Description of the presentation on individual slides:
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The work was performed by students of grade 7 "B" of the MBOU secondary school No. 2, Dobrinka village Laptev Ilya Soshkin Aleksey Supervisor Fateeva E.M.
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Hypothesis: Russian travelers and researchers own many discoveries on the planet. Since there was a tradition of naming objects in honor of their discoverer or expedition leader, we believe that geographical map there should be many objects bearing the names of our compatriots. Purpose: To determine, as a result of the analysis of the world map, objects bearing the names of Russian travelers and researchers, to find out the reason for their name, to give them a brief description.
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Requirements for geographical names: The object for which the name is proposed must be unnamed. The name must be organically included in the regional system of geographical names. The name should clearly characterize the object and be simple, short, clear and easy to use. Names-dedications must be accompanied by a convincing justification for their legitimacy. The spelling of Russian names must strictly comply with the rules of Russian spelling, and foreign names - the rules for their translation into Russian.
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Classification of geographical names according to V.P. Semyonov - Tyan - Shansky (1924) from personal names, nicknames, surnames; from church holidays; from historical names; from a pagan cult; from ancient tribes; assigned in honor of various events and persons; from the objects that make up the typical geographical landscape of the area.
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Russian names on the world map Wrangel Island Cape Dezhnev Lisyansky Island Miklukho-Maclay Coast Bellingshausen Sea Przhevalsky Ridge Laptev Sea Pronchishchev Coast Kruzenshtern Strait Chersky Ridge Bering Sea Shelikhov Bay Golovin Strait Fedchenko Glacier in the Pamirs Potanin Glacier in Altai Ratmanov Island Sannikov Strait Lomonosov Ridge Cape Chelyuskin Atlasov Island
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Russian names on the world map Cape Dezhnev Bering Sea Bering Strait Bering Island Bering Glacier in Alaska Lisyansky Island Bellingshausen Sea Laptev Strait Krusenstern Sea Lazarev
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Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev - an outstanding Russian navigator, explorer, traveler, explorer of Northern and Eastern Siberia, Cossack chieftain, and also a fur trader, the first of the famous European navigators, in 1648, 80 years earlier than Vitus Bering, passed Beringov the strait separating Alaska from Chukotka. His name is: Cape Dezhnev, which is the extreme north-eastern tip of Asia (called Dezhnev - Big Stone Nose), as well as: an island, a bay, a peninsula and a village.
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Semyon Ivanovich Chelyuskin In the autumn of 1714, in Moscow, he was enrolled in the School of Mathematical and Navigational Sciences, which was located in the Sukharev Tower. In the 1720s, S. I. Chelyuskin served on the ships of the Baltic Fleet as a navigator, apprentice navigator and sub-navigator. From 1726 he served in the Baltic Fleet, in 1733-1743 he participated in the Great Northern Expedition.
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Ivan Fyodorovich Kruzenshtern Ivan Fyodorovich Kruzenshtern Russian navigator, admiral. Comes from Baltic German nobles. In 1802 he was appointed head of the first Russian round-the-world expedition (1803-1806), which included the ships Nadezhda (commander K.) and Neva (commander Yu. F. Lisyansky). Description of the journey and the results of oceanological and ethnographic research K. outlined in a three-volume work. One of the major straits Kuril ridge- Krusenstern Strait.
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Vitus Bering Vitus Jonassen Bering - navigator, officer of the Russian fleet, captain-commander. Vitus Bering was born in 1681 in the Danish city of Horsens, graduated from the cadet corps in Amsterdam in 1703, and entered the Russian service the same year. In 1725-1730 and 1733-1741 he led the First and Second Kamchatka expeditions. He passed through the strait between Chukotka and Alaska (later the Bering Strait), reached North America and discovered a number of islands in the Aleutian ridge. In the name of Bering, in the North Pacific Ocean, are named: an island, a strait, a sea, a Bering glacier in Alaska.
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Yuri Fedorovich Lisyansky Yuri Fedorovich Lisyansky is a Russian navigator and explorer. Captain of the second rank. Comes from an ancient Ukrainian Cossack family. Ivan Kruzenshtern and Yuri Lisyansky on the sloops "Nadezhda" and "Neva" made the first Russian round the world expedition. Lisyansky commanded the Neva and discovered one of the Hawaiian Islands. Lisyansky was the first to describe Hawaii in his book Journey Around the World (1812). In honor of Lisyansky are named: Lisyansky Island, a cape, a strait and a peninsula, a peninsula on the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk.
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Faddey Fadeevich Bellingshausen Faddey Fadeevich Bellingshausen is a famous Russian navigator, discoverer of Antarctica. Comes from Baltic German nobles. In 1803-1806, Bellingshausen participated in the first round-the-world voyage of Russian ships on the faregat Nadezhda under the command of Ivan Krusenstern. In 1819-1821 he was the head of the round-the-world Antarctic expedition sent to the south polar seas. It consisted of the sloops "Vostok" and "Mirny", the latter was commanded by Mikhail Lazarev. The Bellingshausen Sea in the Pacific Ocean, the Thaddeus Islands and the Thaddeus Bay in the Laptev Sea, the Bellingshausen Glacier are named after Bellingshausen.
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Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev - Russian naval commander and navigator, admiral, commander of the Black Sea Fleet, participant of three circumnavigations and discoverer of Antarctica. On January 16, 1829, he (together with Bellingshausen) discovered the sixth part of the world - Antarctica - and a number of islands in the Pacific Ocean. Many geographical objects are named after him, as well as a glacier in Antarctica, scientific stations and the sea off the coast of Antarctica.
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“I named this island in the southern latitude 54˚51 ׳, western longitude 37˚13 ׳ Annenkov Island in honor of the second lieutenant on the Mirny sloop,” wrote the head of the expedition, Bellingshausen, in his diary on December 5, 1819. This was the first geographical discovery of the Russians on the way to Antarctica. But now we may not even know who Annenkov is. The very Russian sound of the name becomes the main one in the function of the geographical name.
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Yakov Sannikov SANNIKOV Yakov (18-19 centuries - Yakut industrialist, explorer of the Novosibirsk Islands. In 1800 he discovered and described Stolbovoy Island, in 1805 discovered Faddevsky Island. In 1808-10 he took part in the M.M. 1810 by Hedenstrom on surveying and researching the Novosibirsk Islands crossed the island New Siberia from south to north. In 1811, together with the surveyor Pshenitsyn, he bypassed Faddeevsky Island and found that it was connected to Kotelny Island by a low sandy expanse, later called Bunge Land. S. expressed the opinion about the existence vast land north of the Novosibirsk Islands, so-called. Sannikov Land (later it was proved that it does not exist). The strait between the islands of M. Lyakhovsky and Kotelny and the river on the Novosibirsk Islands are named after S..
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Dmitry Yakovlevich Laptev Khariton Prokofievich Laptev Dmitry Yakovlevich Laptev is a Russian explorer of the Arctic, Vice Admiral. Since 1736, he led one of the northern detachments of the Second Kamchatka Expedition. As a result of the voyages and land campaigns of 1739-1742, inventories of the northern sea coast. A cape in the delta of the Lena River is named after Laptev. The Laptev Sea is named after Dmitry Laptev and his cousin Khariton. Khariton Prokofyevich Laptev - Russian naval sailor, commander of the detachment of the Kamchatka (Great Northern) expedition, who described in 1739-1742 the previously unknown coast of the Taimyr Peninsula. The northwestern coast of Taimyr, which was photographed directly by Khariton Laptev, is called the Khariton Laptev Coast.
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Ratmanov Makar Ivanovich Russian navigator and traveler. In 1784, at the age of twelve, Makar Ratmanov was appointed to the St. Petersburg Naval Cadet Corps, which was then headed by Admiral I.L. Golenishchev-Kutuzov, Toropets nobleman. Three years later, Ratmanov was promoted to midshipman and made his first voyages on various ships in Gulf of Finland. At the end of the course on January 1, 1789, M. Ratmanov became a midshipman. M.I. Ratmanov took part in the first Russian voyage under the command of Krusenstern. Senior Lieutenant Ratmanov was appointed senior officer on Nadezhda. And here Kruzenshtern was not mistaken. Ratmanov was already a participant in numerous naval battles, for ten years before the expedition he commanded military ships. Stern, laconic, athletic, pedantic in matters of service, he was ideally suited for the role of senior assistant.
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Ferdinant Petrovich Wrangel Graduated from the Naval Cadet Corps. In 1817, as a midshipman on the sloop "Kamchatka" under the command of V.M. Golovin Wrangel went on the first trip around the world. In 1825-1827 he made the second world travel, commanding the ship "Krotkiy" F.P. Wrangel is one of the founders of the Russian Geographical Society
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Vasily and Maria Pronchishchevy Pronchishcheva Beach, Pronchishcheva Bay - these names not only mark geographical points, but can also be a symbol of fidelity, friendship and love. On the ship "Yakut", brave sailors made their way through the ice and reached the maximum northern latitude for those times (1736) (77˚29 ׳, taking into account imperfect instruments, it is possible even 77˚55 ׳). At the end of the hard way back, Vasily Pronchishchev died, and a few days later, his accompanying wife, Maria Pronchishcheva, also died. The expedition was led by Lieutenant Semyon Chelyuskin. Deep reverence and gratitude should be awakened by such names on the map of Taimyr as the Pronchishchev coast and Pronchishcheva bay. Through their labors, the map of the coast of the Arctic Ocean, which we see today, has acquired its general form, and which has become the property of all mankind.
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Nikolai Mikhailovich Przhevalsky Russian names mark mountain ranges, peaks, glaciers. On the maps different countries let's read the word Przhevalsky: Przhevalsky Ridge in China, Przhevalsky Island in the Kuril Islands, Cape Przhevalsky on Bennet Lake in Alaska. Nikolai Mikhailovich Przhevalsky walked 33 thousand kilometers across Asia, studying ridges, deserts, animals and vegetable world. The students of Przhevalsky, the geographers of the world, inscribed his name on the map of the world, the students of the students continued this tradition of memory.
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Nikolai Nikolayevich Miklukho-Maclay N.N. was a kind of “teacher of life” for the Papuans. Miklukho Maclay. Miklouho-Maclay proved by his observations that the cultural level of any people is determined not by its biological characteristics, but by the historical development of the people itself.
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Golovin Vasily Mikhailovich In 1812, on the map in the ridge of the Kuril Islands was marked new strait, named after the Russian captain V.M. Golovin. During a geographical expedition, Golovin was captured by the Japanese and remained in captivity from 1811 to 1813. It was the captivity of a real scientist, a Russian man, even whose captivity became a definite starting point in the history of Japan and Russia. V.M. Golovin taught the Japanese the basics of the Russian language. Note that after a visit to Nagasaki in 1853, the Russian language began to penetrate into Japan, and the first Russian language textbooks for the Japanese were compiled. But the very first teacher was the captain-geographer V.M. Golovin
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They discovered new places and gave them names themselves, in other cases they decided to immortalize the discoverers in geographical name rest. One way or another, there are quite a few similar names on the map. Studying them is very interesting and even useful, especially if you are planning a vacation and want to choose the most original route.
Mount Cook
The history of the geographical discoveries of this navigator is quite tragic - he died in one of his voyages. His memory is preserved by the mountain of the same name, which is also known as Aoraki. It is located in the western part of the island in New Zealand, in places so well studied by the English traveler. The origin of the names of geographical objects is often directly related to their discoverer, a similar case here - James Cook really visited this mountain. This highest point Southern Alps 3754 meters high, covered with glaciers and snow and shaped like a saddle and steep slopes. Since 1953, the area around it has been considered a National Park, preserving protected species of vegetation and unique landscape. Here you can meet unique kea, alpine parrots, as well as skates and wagtails.
Strait of Magellan
Geographical features named after travelers can also be found in Southern Patagonia. The Strait of Magellan is the one that separates South America from the Tierra del Fuego archipelago. Its length is five hundred and seventy-five kilometers, and the smallest depth is twenty meters. The strait is named after the traveler who was the first European to cross it during his journey around the world. This happened in 1520. What is interesting: great geographical discoveries are also associated with this area (grade 7 studies this historical period, it is known to almost everyone), and it was here that Magellan discovered Cape St. Ursula. He named the strait in honor of the feast of All Saints, but the Spanish king renamed it in honor of the discoverer and his feat, accomplished in October 1520.
Drake Passage
Geographical objects named after travelers are associated with the most important events in world history. For example, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. It is the widest in the world, measuring over eight hundred kilometers at its narrowest points. The current of the West Winds flows along the strait, due to which strong storms constantly occur here with waves up to fifteen meters high. You can also see drifting ice here. In addition, the strait contains the most south point mainland South America, the legendary Cape Horn. It is named after an English navigator who first sailed here in 1578. The great geographical discoveries (the 7th grade passes them as part of the main program) were made before the appearance of this traveler, but his contribution still cannot be underestimated.
City of Livingston
There are various geographic features named after travelers, but they are all usually rivers, seas, or straits. There are few cities of this kind, and Livingston is one of them. It is located in Zambia, near famous waterfall Victoria. The history of geographical discoveries of the scientist is small, he made a greater contribution to the study of the customs of the local inhabitants, having arrived in Africa as a missionary. Until 1935, the city was the capital of the country, and now it is simply popular with tourists who are attracted by the nearby national park Mosi-ao-Tunya. There are many in Livingston interesting entertainment: from quad biking to elephant safari. In addition, there are many amazing museums that also attract a considerable number of tourists.
Laptev sea
Geographical objects named after travelers are also associated with Russian explorers. For example, the Laptev Sea, located in northern Siberia, next to It was named after Russian explorers of the North Pole, who were cousins. Prior to receiving the name perpetuating the Laptevs, the sea was known under the name of Nordenskiöld. This territory is distinguished by a cold climate with almost constant temperatures below zero. The sea has low salinity and is covered with ice for nine months of the year. Almost no people live on the shores, and the flora and fauna are extremely scarce. In ancient times, the tribes of Yukagirs, Evens and Evenks lived here, who lived off fishing and reindeer herding. Development by Russian travelers began in the seventeenth century. There are dozens of islands in the Laptev Sea, untouched by man. On some, the remains of mammoths were found. The largest settlement of the territory is the village of Tiksi.
Bering Strait
Geographic features named after travelers are most often water features. So, going from the Arctic Ocean to the Pacific, it is just such. It separates Asia from North America, namely the capes - Dezhnev from the Prince of Wales. The smallest depth of the strait is thirty-six meters, and the minimum width is eighty-six kilometers. The name is associated with Bering, a native of Denmark, who passed here in 1728. Before him, the territory was studied by Semyon Dezhnev, after whom the Chukchi Cape, the easternmost point of Asia, was named. In the center of the strait are the Diomede Islands, there are two of them. The first is a large one, Ratmanova. The second one is smaller. The first one is owned Russian Federation, and the second - the United States of America, separates them about four kilometers. In addition, there is a border of time zones between them and
From time to time, the possibility of building a tunnel or bridge that would connect Alaska and Chukotka is discussed at the government level, but the plans never go to the stage of implementation due to various reasons, both economic and technical. However, there is a possibility that in the future such a project will still be implemented with the cooperation of specialists from Russia and the United States.
Russian travelers made a huge contribution to the history of geographical discoveries and research the globe. Many geographic features of the Earth are named after them. These are Cape Dezhnev, Cape Chelyuskin, the sea, the sea, the Kruzenshtern Strait, Lisyansky Island, the Przhevalsky Ridge, the Bellingshausen Sea, the Miklukho-Maclay coast, the Obruchev volcano, the Semyonov glacier and many others. The scientific research of the Russian discoverers, the accurate detailed maps they compiled, had great importance for the development of the geography of the whole world.
Dezhnev's expedition left the mouth Siberian river Kolyma to the east on June 20, 1648. She was faced with the task of discovering new lands, studying the hydrographic network of the Far Northeast and the coast of the Arctic Ocean. Having sailed around, in September the expedition rounded Cape Bolshoy Kamenny Nos (now it is named after Dezhnev). The results exceeded all expectations: Semyon Dezhnev not only made new ones, but also delivered blueprints of new territories to his homeland. Subsequently, one of the bays of the Bering Sea was named after him, mountain range and a village on the Amur River.
In 1697-1699, the Russian pioneer Vladimir Atlasov (c. 1661/64 - 1711) discovered new lands. At the same time, the first Russian settlement was founded there.
In 1711 and 1713 on Kuril Islands visited by Ivan Kozyrevsky (born around 1680 - the year of death is unknown).
