Southern point of Sakhalin. Open left menu Sakhalin

Sakhalin is largest island, which is part of and outwardly resembling an elongated fish. Every year this place attracts the attention of tourists who want to plunge into the atmosphere of primeval natural landscapes, which are numerous on the island. lovers ecological tourism come to Sakhalin in order to enjoy the picturesque landscapes and relax away from civilization. Geographically, the island is significantly removed from the rest of Russia, so not every tourist knows where Sakhalin is.

Where is Sakhalin Island

If you carefully study the map of Russia, you can see that the island is located in the eastern part of the Asian coast and is washed by the waters of the Japanese and Seas of Okhotsk. The closest neighbor of Sakhalin in the southeast is the island of Hokaido, which belongs to. Sakhalin is separated from land by the Tatar Strait, and natural boundary between Hokaido is the La Perouse Strait.

Almost half of the island is considered part of Sakhalin region, which also includes . Extreme south point Sakhalin - Cape Crillon, northern - Cape Elizabeth. The island stretches for 947 kilometers in length, and the width varies from 27 to 162 kilometers. There are 11 zones spread over an area of 76,000 square kilometers natural value, which play an important role in shaping the landscape of Sakhalin.

Due to the fact that Sakhalin consists of territories that are diverse in structure, the relief of the island is not harmonious. So, in the south of Sakhalin, the landscape mainly consists of mountain systems, and in the north there are many hilly plains.

Most of the population of Sakhalin is concentrated in the area of the Susunai lowland. There are also such large cities as Aniva, Dolinsk.

Origin of the name of the island

The name of the island has an ambiguous nature, since at different periods of time Sakhalin was also called in the Japanese manner Sahalia Karafuto, Saharin or Kabafuto. According to historical data, on one of the ancient European maps In the 19th century, in the place where the Amur has a mouth, the inscription “Sachalien anga-hata” was recorded, which in Mongolian is pronounced as “Sakhalyan-ulla” and translates as “rocks of the black river”. After the discovery of the island G.I. Nevelsky assigned the name Sakhalin to this territory, which exists to this day.

The Japanese name Karafuto originates in the ancient Ainu dialect, in accordance with the transcription of which “kamuy-kara-puto-ya-mosir” is a phrase translated as “land of the god of the mouth”. Today, this name is practically not used in Japan, replacing it with "Sacharin".

History of Sakhalin

Mention of the first people who appeared on Sakhalin, scientists attribute to the period of the early Paleolithic, which began about 300 thousand years ago. Archaeological excavations on the island give grounds to assert that during the Neolithic period, formed settlements already existed on Sakhalin. During the Middle Ages, the island was inhabited by the Ainu, who came from the Japanese Hokaido, and by the Nivkhs, who previously lived at the mouth of the Amur.

Throughout the 19th century, Sakhalin was officially under the rule of the Chinese emperors, and the island itself was not subjected to detailed study. A landmark event for Sakhalin was the expedition in 1849 led by the talented navigator G.I. Nevelsky, who discovered a narrow strait and proved that Sakhalin is an island.

At the end 19th century An agreement between Russia and Japan was signed territorial affiliation islands. Japan received north coast Kuril Islands, and Sakhalin went to Russia. During the Russo-Japanese War, most of Sakhalin became owned by the Japanese, but in 1945 the situation changed dramatically and the Soviet troops managed to defend the island. Today Sakhalin is the most important object of Russia and combines the features of Japanese, Mongolian and Russian cultures.

How to get to Sakhalin

Knowing where the largest island of Russia is located, you can choose your own way of travel. The most popular among tourists are: airplane; ferry.

As for the air connection, a direct flight runs to Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Airport, which will take you to your destination in 8 hours. This option acceptable in case of saving time. However, be prepared for the fact that the ticket can be expensive. Some airlines offer tourists a flight with a change in, after which you will fly for about 7 more hours to the capital of the island. Also, planes fly to Sakhalin from countries such as Japan and.

As a rule, travelers choose a route that includes a water crossing. To do this, you should first purchase a ticket for any train to, or Komsomolsk-on-Amur, and then get to locality Vanino. WITH railway station Vanino, a bus will take you to the place where the ferries depart from.

Ferries run daily in the evening and end their journey in Kholmsk, where you can easily buy a bus ticket to Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. This method is quite costly in terms of time resources, but it is economical.

Features of the flora and fauna of Sakhalin

Thanks to its unique climatic conditions and good ecology animal and natural world Sakhalin is very diverse. Such representatives of the fauna as bear, deer, wolverine, otter, mink, sea lion, raccoon dog, sable, etc. live here. About 379 species of birds nest in the lowlands of the island, on the shores of seas and rivers. Every spring, schools of salmon can be seen in local water bodies, which rush to the annual spawning. Tours are often organized for this amazing spectacle.

Most vacationers on Sakhalin tend to get to Tyuleny Island, home to large concentrations of rare fur seals. As a rule, the life of animals is observed from afar, since the island is under strict protection. local authorities and approaching it more than 27 miles is strictly prohibited.

The flora of Sakhalin has been studied by scientists for many decades and is represented by orchid, heather, buckwheat, Compositae, sedge, buttercup, cruciferous, etc. families. Sakhalin fir, larch, Ayan spruce, myra, yew, alder, birch, Japanese elm and maple grow in forest zones. Two thirds of the list of fauna and flora of Sakhalin are listed in the Red Book, being natural wealth Russia.

Natural attractions of Sakhalin

Possessing significant potential in the development of ecological tourism, the island attracts the attention of visitors due to the huge number of places with picturesque landscapes. Arriving in Sakhalin, be sure to visit:

Salt Lake Tunaicha, located 45 kilometers from the capital of Sakhalin. Fascinating fishing, tasting dishes prepared according to traditional recipes, exploring the surroundings, observing the life of birds - all this is offered travel companies organizing excursions to Tunaichu.
Capes Piltun, Juno and Crillon, famous for their untouched nature. The list of main attractions includes: snorkeling, excursion to the lighthouse, from where you can see gray whales, kayaking, self-catering national cuisine, fishing, gathering wild berries, rafting on catamarans with different levels difficulties.
Ridge Zhdanko, which is an ancient mountain formation volcanic origin. In three days you can see amazing waterfalls, climb the ridge accompanied by an experienced instructor and relax away from the bustle of the city.
Ilya-Muromets and Ptichy waterfalls, which can only be reached within excursion tour on SUVs. Bears often come to the waterfall during salmon spawning, so if you wish, you can take some original pictures from a safe distance. Both waterfalls are included in the list of especially important geological objects of the Russian Federation.
Volcano Curly, located on the island of Iturup and known throughout the world for its unusual relief, creating fascinating pictures. Climbing to the top of the crater, you will find yourself in a world of figures made of solidified lava, geysers breaking out of the ground, abundant vegetation and basalt volcanic rocks.
The Vaidinsky Cave is a unique mountain formation consisting of three tiers separated by vertical stone wells. Inside the cave there is a glacier and vast spaces, decorated with stalagmites, stalactites, corallites of bizarre shapes. A visit to the cave is accompanied by a qualified guide with a group of other tourists.
Snow-white cliffs on the island of Iturup, which any local tour operator will help you get to. The rocks have an unusual origin and consist mainly of volcanic glass, which creates a mystical visual effect under certain lighting conditions. It stretched along the rocks for 27 kilometers sand beach where tourists like to stroll in warm weather.
Also, do not forget to include in your program an excursion to the regional Art Museum, Flight to hot-air balloon above the island and a museum displaying expositions of ancient railway engineering that have no analogues in the world.

Treatment on Sakhalin

Natural resources islands enriched mineral waters and salts, allow to actively develop health tourism. Many healing springs, the water from which is used for medicinal purposes by local "health resorts".

Sanatorium "Sakhalin" is based on sources containing carbonic high arsenic waters, which help in the treatment of many diseases.

Worth mentioning famous resort Sinegorsk, where tourists from different countries. Sanatoriums of Sinegorsk have significant experience in the medical field and provide a high level of service.

IN coastal zone Dagi Bay built specialized agencies using alkaline water in wellness programs. Here you can also take a course of mud procedures aimed at restoring all body systems. Sapropelic, sulfide and peat muds help with serious problems in the field of neuralgic disorders and have a beneficial effect on the circulatory organs.

In the area of the Mendeleev volcano, there are many sources containing sulfur. Taking baths with such water has a positive effect on the musculoskeletal system and helps to heal vascular diseases.

The main range of services offered by Sakhalin sanatoriums includes prevention of cardiovascular, gynecological, digestive and endocrine diseases. Therefore, when you come to the island, you can not only find best option rest, but also improve their health.

Sakhalin Island is a place of extraordinary beauty, vibrant nature and peculiar climate. Snow lies until the end of April, but the warmth of spring appears already in February. Summer unfolds at the end of June and pleases the whole of September. Soft colorful autumn is magical, and winter is crazy with countless winds and huge levels of snow.

Sakhalin is washed by the Okhotsk and Seas of Japan, it is separated from the mainland by the Tatar Strait, 17 major rivers, and there are more than 16 thousand lakes. A huge number of mushrooms, plants and animals found on the island are rare and protected. The relief of the island is composed of medium-altitude mountains, low mountains and low plains. The mountains, according to the tradition of the Far East, are called hills, the beauty of which is unforgettable all year round, especially in numerous passes.

Sakhalin Island: photos

Sakhalin Island: where is it located

It is washed by the waters of the Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan. It is separated from the mainland by the Tatar Strait, the width of which at its narrowest point (Nevelskoy Strait) is 7.3 km, in the south of about. Hokkaido (Japan) is separated by the La Perouse Strait. Stretched meridionally from Cape Crillon in the south to Cape Elizabeth in the north. The length is 948 km, with an average width of about 100 km, on the isthmuses of Sakhalin it narrows: on Okha to 6 km, on Poyask to 27 km. The area is 76.4 thousand km2.

Sakhalin Island on the world map

How to get to Sakhalin Island

There are two main ways to get to the island - air and water. As for the air: there are four passenger airports on Sakhalin: in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Shakhtersk, Zonal and Okha. Of these there are regular flights V different cities on the mainland, including to Moscow, Khabarovsk, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Blagoveshchensk, Vladivostok, Sovetskaya Gavan, as well as to various cities in China, South Korea and Japan.

Two airlines fly from Moscow to Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: from Sheremetyevo - Aeroflot, from Domodedovo - Transaero. The local airline operating flights to different cities of the Far East is Sakhalin Airways.

There are no flights to Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk from the village of Zonalnoye and the city of Shakhtersk, but you can fly from them to Sovetskaya Gavan and Khabarovsk. This can be done with the help of Amur Airlines.

By water you can get from Vanino ( Khabarovsk region) in Kholmsk (Sakhalin Region). These ferries are daily and year-round. They go without a clear schedule, and the price rises every year, significantly outpacing inflation, plus it jumps depending on the season (more expensive in summer, cheaper in winter).

Sakhalin Island: video

Flight over Sakhalin

Picture of Sakhalin - a sunny island on Earth

Geographical characteristics of Sakhalin

A photograph of Sakhalin Island from space. Enlarged Image

Geologically, Sakhalin is part of the Cenozoic folded region within the Pacific folded geosynclinal belt. In the structure of Sakhalig, two meridional anticlinoria are distinguished - East Sakhalin and West Sakhalin, separated by Central Sakhalin. In the core of the East Sakhalin anticlinorium, Paleozoic rocks are exposed, in the core of the West Sakhalin, Upper Cretaceous; Central Sakhalin is composed of Neogene deposits. Strong seismicity indicates ongoing mountain building processes.

Climate of Sakhalin

Sakhalin, separated from the mainland by the Tatar Strait, stretches from north to south for almost 1,000 km. Its central and, especially, its southern parts are predominantly mountainous. Along the coast there are wide low-lying strips.

The main watershed of Sakhalin is the Western Sakhalin Range, which divides the river network into two groups, one of which belongs to the Okhotsk basin, the other to the Sea of Japan basin. To the east of it, separated by a deep discharge depression, there is a short but higher Eastern Sakhalin Range, highest point(top, Nevelskoy, 2013 m) which is the highest for the entire island. The climate of Sakhalin is severe. Winter here is long and cold, frosts reach -48°. The average monthly air temperature of the coldest month - January - is -23° in the north and -8° in the south. Summer is short and cool: The average monthly air temperature of the warmest month - July - does not exceed 15-17 °.

Water resources of Sakhalin

The main rivers of Sakhalin are the Tym and Porona. They carved their valleys in the central tectonic depression between the Western and Eastern ranges. The lengths of the rivers are about; 250 km, the catchment areas are approximately equal to 8000 km2. Both rivers are distinguished by significant water content: their average annual flow exceeds 100 m 3 /sec, and the modules reach 12-19 l/sec km 2. Other Sakhalin rivers are short, mountainous watercourses, which are also distinguished by high water content.

The regime of the Sakhalin rivers is complex. The flood on them passes in three waves. In the spring there is a flood; from the melting of snow within the flat parts of the basins, at the beginning of summer there is a flood, formed due to melting, snow in the mountains, and, finally, in the middle of summer (July-August), floods occur due to monsoon showers.

The coast of the island is replete with lakes, such as lagoons; they are shallow and separated from the sea by narrow spits; separate groups of lakes stretch along the coast for tens of kilometers. Most of them have communication and water exchange with the sea through narrow straits. Some lakes separated from the sea and turned into freshwater bodies.

Almost the whole world is open, a paradoxical situation is emerging, when many people are better versed in the geography of overseas expanses than their native country. That is why we invite you to take a trip to real edge lands, places where the cultures of Russia and Japan merged together, where the lands are rich in oil, the seas are rich in fish, and people are endless supplies of hospitality - to Sakhalin Island.

Where is Sakhalin located?

The largest island in Russia, with its outlines, resembles a giant fish, freely located on the border of the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk and the Sea of \u200b\u200bJapan, not far from the island of Hokkaido. There are two ways to get here: by ferry or by plane. Ferries to Sakhalin run daily, connecting the mainland city of Vanino and Sakhalin Kholmsk through the strait. The airport located in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk connects the island with almost the whole world, receiving regular flights from Japan, South Korea and Russia.

History of Sakhalin Island

The development and settlement of Sakhalin Island did not start very rosy, because initially this harsh places served to re-educate criminals. As you know, it was on the island of Sakhalin that the largest penal servitude of Russia was located, the natives of which became the first settlers of the island. The next page of Sakhalin's life begins with defeat Russian Empire in the war with the Japanese and the departure of the island under Japanese jurisdiction: rapid construction railways and cities, the celebration of the mikado's birthday and the appearance on the island a large number Koreans were the result of joining the land of the rising sun.

Almost half a century later, Sakhalin again becomes part of Russia, and everything Japanese is carefully erased from its land. But, despite this, even today Sakhalin Island cannot be called 100% Russian, the traditions of different peoples are so deeply intertwined here. Even geographical names are a picture of the friendship of peoples: the La Perouse Strait, the city of Tomari, the village of Trudovoye and Urkt Bay peacefully coexist on the map of the island.

Sights of Sakhalin Island

Cities on Sakhalin are relatively young and have not yet managed to acquire either historical monuments or significant cultural objects, so the main attraction of the island was and is nature. There are more than enough beautiful, unusual, monumental, and sometimes even frightening, her monuments on the island. Here are preserved rare plants and animals most which can be found only on the pages of the Red Book.

One of the brightest sights of the island is the Ilya Muromets waterfall, one of the largest in the world. From the height of a forty-story skyscraper, its waters fall directly into the depths of the sea, so you can view it without sufficient preparation only from the ocean. From the side of the island, only a person who is in excellent physical shape and properly equipped can get close to him.
At the southern tip of the island is Cape Velikan, which attracts the attention of tourists with its rocky arches and relic coniferous forests. The coast of the cape attracts not only travelers, but also birds and seals, who have chosen it as a place for hauling out.
On the island of Kunashir, an astounded traveler will see a monumental sight - volcanoes surrounded by lakes and forests. One of them is the Golovnin volcano, which is a hollow surrounded by a half-kilometer ridge.
On Sakhalin Island there is even such an exotic thing as thermal springs: Lunsky, Lesogorsky, Daginsky. The waters in them are rich in trace elements, and their temperature allows you to take a bath in the open air in any weather.

Anyone who is still thinking about whether to go on a trip to Sakhalin can say with confidence - of course, the trip will not be easy, but a lot of pleasant impressions will more than pay for possible road difficulties!

Sakhalin- island at east coast Asia. It is part of the Sakhalin Region, the largest island in the Russian Federation. It is washed by the Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan. It is separated from mainland Asia by the Tatar Strait (in the narrowest part, the Nevelskoy Strait, it is 7.3 km wide and freezes in winter); from Japanese island Hokkaido - La Perouse Strait.

Cape Quiet on the Sakhalin coast of the Sea of Okhotsk

Story

The Sakhalin Region occupies an area of approximately 87.1 thousand square kilometers and is located on 59 islands. The area of Sakhalin is 76.4 thousand square kilometers. The island stretches from Cape Crillon in the south to Cape Elizabeth in the north for 948 kilometers.
Sakhalin is called the island of lighthouses. Lopatino lighthouse in September 2013 celebrated its centennial anniversary and during all this time it did not work for only one hour.

Nevelsk

Nevelsk got its name in honor of the Russian explorer far east, Admiral Gennady Ivanovich Nevelsky. It was he who, in the middle of the 19th century, compiled the first description of Sakhalin, where he proved that Sakhalin is an island, explored the Sakhalin Bay and mapped the Tatar Strait. For the relative mildness of the climate, the coast of Nevelsk is called the South Sakhalin Crimea. This is probably why these places were chosen for the haulouts of sea lions. The sea lion rookery is one of the amazing sights of Nevelsk. Every year in January-February hundreds of sea lions come here during off-season migrations and stay until the end of June. These rare animals are not afraid of people, they easily endure the proximity of transport and civilization.

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk - The largest city Sakhalin, the capital of the Sakhalin Region, which, in addition to Sakhalin Island, also includes Kurile Islands. One of the most eastern parts Russia. Today, about 300 thousand people live here, and even in the middle of the 19th century, the subjects of the Russian Empire could not be lured here. How was Sakhalin eventually populated? By the end of the 19th century, prisoners made up the majority of the island's population. But today, neither the island nor the city of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk is anything like hard labor. People of different nationalities live here. In addition to ethnic Russians, who are the majority on Sakhalin, here you can meet Tatars, Ukrainians, Koreans and, of course, representatives of the indigenous Nivkhs.
At latitudes corresponding to Sakhalin, on the East European or Russian Plain, forest-steppes are located, and on Caspian lowland even semi-deserts and deserts, that is, it is hot and dry there. And on Sakhalin itself it is cold and humid, there are swamps and taiga. The climate of the island is affected by the cold Sea of Okhotsk, which makes the climate more severe than at the same latitudes in other parts of the world, and in the northern part of the island there are even areas of permafrost. Another attraction of these places - mud volcanoes. A mud volcano is a natural formation that scientists consider an important sign that a valuable mineral, natural gas, is located in the bowels of the earth.

Mount Frog

Layers of house deposits were formed sometime millions of years ago. Remains rocks, animals, plants accumulated, compressed, and then some tectonic processes took place, the territory rose and above the surface of the water and the sea receded.
Raging harsh huge ocean for some reason they call it Quiet. This name was given to him by the Spanish traveler Fernando Magellan, because his expedition passed without a single storm.

Sea of Okhotsk

This is the marginal sea of the world's largest ocean - the Pacific. The Pacific Ocean is a real book of records for our planet. When they talk about him, they always use the word "most". It is both the largest and oldest of the five oceans on planet Earth. Max Depth Pacific Ocean 11022 meters, this is higher, for example, the height of Mount Everest. As you know, the sea feeds Sakhalin from ancient times to this day. Even the shape of the island resembles a fish. Coho salmon, chum salmon, sivach are mined here, but the most popular fish is, of course, pink salmon. In addition to hundreds of natural spawning grounds, many so-called fishing factories have been built on the island, where the entire life cycle of fish from eggs to new spawning is reproduced, but already in artificial conditions.

Spawning

In September - October, the fish lays eggs in the ground. The female pulls out a nest in the bottom of the river with a blow of the tail up to 60 cm deep and also 60 cm in diameter, after which the spawning process begins. The male becomes upstream of the river, the female lays eggs and the male fertilizes. The male then moves on to another female. The female, which has spawned, lies down flat and buries the masonry with water with a blow of the tail. It turns out a spawning mound of pebbles. Sakhalin is known not only for its harsh climate, but also for its seafood delicacies.

Busse Lagoon

Busse Lagoon is located in the south of Sakhalin Island in the northwestern part of the Tonino-Aniva Peninsula. It is separated from the sea by a strip sand dunes. locals they say that the lagoon seems to breathe. We are talking about a miracle that happens here at low tide. The water leaves, and the bottom is strewn with the gifts of the ocean. In the shortest possible time, you can get shells, oysters, scallops, hermit crabs or catch slippery sea cucumbers here. Here, as in a showcase, you can observe the most important seafood delicacies. It seems that the sea has been turned inside out. Seafood of this quality and such freshness can only be tasted in coastal areas.