Balloon device with a basket. Why do balloons fly? Balloon flight from the point of view of physics

Owning a hot air balloon is a childhood dream of many. Today it is possible not only to purchase it, but also to make it yourself. How? Read on!

Buy a balloon

Today, several stores both abroad and in Russia offer to buy Balloons, shells to them. New hot air balloons (hot air balloons) Russian production they cost about 700 thousand rubles with all the necessary components - a shell, a basket, a burner, a fan, an air intake, etc. Most of prices fall on the shell - 300-400 thousand rubles. The cost with a basket of Czech production starts from 30 thousand dollars, England - from 40 thousand euros.

Used balloons can be purchased from 400-500 thousand rubles for a complete set. In addition to the cost of the apparatus itself, the owner of the balloon will have to spend on:

• gas consumption;
• registration and certification in the Federal Air Transport Agency;
• annual renewal of the certificate of airworthiness;
• remuneration to the pilot (possibly for his training);
• remuneration of the ground service crew, etc.

Hot air balloon with a basket do it yourself: dome

If you decide to design your own balloon, then the first thing you should do is the dome. For him, you need to purchase durable nylon - polyester or polyamide. It is important that the material does not let air through - cover the fabric on the reverse side with liquid polyurethane or silicone.

The next step is to cut the nylon into segments of the desired size, which are sewn together with extra strong threads. The do-it-yourself hole for inflating a balloon with a basket is sheathed with a protective layer of material that is resistant to high temperatures.

To make the dome more durable, it is additionally sheathed vertically and horizontally with fabric tapes. They are fixed at the very top of the dome, and the lower edges of the ribbons are attached to the ropes of the suspension basket.

How to make a balloon: basket

Traditionally, the walls of the basket are woven from vines, and the bottom is made from the so-called marine plywood, which is resistant to temperature extremes and other extreme moments. The framework is steel cables from corrosion-proof material. They attach the basket to the dome. Special leather covers are put on the cables to protect them from damage.

It is also necessary to design special suspensions where luggage and accessories for aeronautics will be stored.

Important element: burner

Before you make a balloon, you need to carefully consider the design of the burner. The fuel for it is currently liquefied propane. The average power of the device is 4.5-6.0 thousand megawatts. It is necessary to purchase special burners for balloons, which are made of durable stainless steel using a special technology that allows the device to withstand large temperature differences.

Own balloon: instructions

It is, of course, difficult to make a passenger balloon at home, but it is very possible to make a test paper balloon with a basket with your own hands. You will need:

• thick paper;
• thin paper (so-called tissue paper);
• glue;
• threads;
• leg-split;
• scissors;
• pencil;
• long line;
• triangle.

Now to work:

1. The number and size of the cut strips will depend on the diameter of your ball. If it is 1.5 m, then 12 strips will be needed, 2 m - 16, 2.5 m - 20, 3 m - 24.
2. To draw an even pattern, first draw a vertical line on paper equal to the length of the future strip. Through it, draw perpendicular segments at a certain distance equal to the limits of the segment width. Endpoints segments are connected by a smooth line, which will be the contour of the strip.
3. Using the cardboard template, trace and cut out the outlines of the segments on tissue paper. It is most convenient to lay several layers of it on top of each other, forming a pack, and cut several segments at once.
4. The segments are first glued together with "boats". Then these "boats" need to be glued one to the other. Before sealing the last seam, turn the structure so that it has the shape of a ball.
5. The base of the ball is fastened with glued strips of paper with twine - this design will hold the ball when heated.
6. Cover the top of the dome with a circle of the same tissue paper.
7. After the glue has dried, flatten the dome by holding it over the blowtorch.
8. A basket for special cargo can be attached to the structure on the same twine.

To launch the ball, turn on the burner or kindle a fire, hold your ball over the heat source, without letting go of the string from your hands. Once the air inside your homemade aeronautics is warm, you can let it fly.

Thus, a do-it-yourself balloon with a basket can be made at home. But passenger balloons can only be bought or rented.

We decorate with balloons: we inflate the balloons with our mouth, pump, helium, gases.

If you are reading this article, then you are planning to decorate the room with helium-filled balloons and at the same time do not want to buy an expensive balloon. Yes, and you should not - because there are many ways to do without a balloon and save a lot of money at the same time!

If you inflate the balloon with your mouth, you will get a fun toy, great decor, but it will not fly like balloons in the cartoon Up! In order for a balloon to fly, it must be filled with a gas that is several times lighter than air. Thus, according to the laws of physics, the air will push out the gas, and accordingly the ball will fly higher and higher, as long as the thread holding it allows.

How to inflate balloons with helium at home

So, we know two types of filling balloons - one, with an ordinary pump or mouth, then the balloons are light, but at the same time they are still drawn “to the ground”. It is good to decorate flat surfaces with such balls, as well as floors in photo zones.

The second method of filling can be called "flying balloons", since balloons are filled with gases that are lighter than air and therefore they rapidly rise up.

In the second method, there are two directions to inflate the balloon. The first, more expensive, but at the same time, the balloon will please you for 2-3 weeks. This is a portable gas cylinder with a liquid that, penetrating into the balloon along with helium, forms a dense film inside the balloon and prevents gases from escaping through the latex. The second method is more economical, but it is worth noting that balloons inflated with soda and vinegar last only 12-14 hours.

To work, you need strong air balloons and a portable tank of helium and liquid.

We put a ball on the cylinder tube so that its edges are tightly pressed and sealed. We hold the ball in the process so that it does not fly off and the helium is not wasted.

We unscrew the valve, and the filling of the ball begins through the tube. Please note that the process is fast, and accordingly it is better to keep the valve open for no more than 3-4 seconds. It's better to open the faucet for a few more seconds to add more than to overfill the balloon so that it bursts.

Having closed the balloon, carefully remove the ball and immediately tie it, in case of doubt about the strength of the knot, you can make two.

It remains to tie the ribbon and decorate the room!

The balls are inflated by mouth, it seems like it’s easy, but when there are a lot of them, this is a whole test for a person. Therefore, take a regular bike pump and put on a ball adapter, or a special ball pump.

Now we put the ball on the tip of the pump and holding it so that the ball does not fly off, let's think of it. After the balloon is inflated to the desired size, carefully remove and tie in a knot. Ready!

It would seem that it could be easier than blowing up a balloon with your mouth. If you think this is easy, then you have never blown up 100 balloons in an hour! Especially if these are high-quality, dense balls.

So, in order to simply and quickly inflate balloons with your mouth, you need to:

• We knead the ball: we stretch it in different directions, but so as not to tear and there were no cracks;
• Now we take the ball and clamp it with the thumb and forefinger so that the tail is oared on one side and the hole on the other;
• We bring the ball to the lips and, as if kissing, pressing it to the lips;
• We take a big breath in through the nose and exhale through the mouth, and so on until the balloon is fully inflated;
• Tired and need a break? Pinch your thumb and forefinger, and take a break. Have a rest? Bring to your lips and keep pouting;
• At the end, it remains to press with two fingers and tie the ball.

Do you have a goal to keep the balloon flying and don't have the budget to buy a balloon? We propose to do without it and inflate with hydrogen.

Required:

• A small flask or container of this type;
• Measuring spoon;
• Alkali - caustic soda or sodium hydroxide;
• Heated water;
• Foil.

Fill the flask halfway warm water, tear the foil into small pieces and send it to the water. Add 3 teaspoons with a slide of alkali and quickly pull the ball itself onto the neck.

We begin to shake the flask so that the alkali begins to interact with the foil, while holding the edge of the ball so that it does not fly off.

As soon as the foil dissolves in the liquid, and the balloon is completely inflated, you must immediately remove the balloon from the neck and tie it in a knot, otherwise it will immediately begin to deflate.

We note right away that this method is good for preparing a small number of balls, since the process is very long.

And this method is so simple and accessible that even a child can handle it. In addition, the ingredients can be found in any kitchen.

Required:

• 9% vinegar, sold in the nearest supermarket, and which is used in canning;
• Baking soda, which is purchased for baking;
• 2l plastic bottle;
• Spoon.

So, for starters, pour a liter of vinegar (half a container) into the bottle and prepare the ball. It is best if the work process is done by four hands. One pours a tablespoon of soda, and the second immediately pulls the ball. As in the previous methods, be sure to hold the tip of the ball.

As soon as it ceases to swell - immediately remove and tie.

In order to inflate a balloon in a balloon, you need to stretch a large balloon in different directions and carefully work out the neck.

Now we place a small ball inside so that the tail peeks out from the large ball.

We inflate a small balloon, tie it up and stuff it completely into a large balloon. Also repeat with the remaining 2-3 balls. Now take a big balloon and inflate it. As the balloons inflate, they will be in free space and will soar there.

Video: How to inflate balloons in a balloon. Legkov

How to inflate a figured balloon, figure, long, sausage: tips

Long balls were originally created as a kind of ball, but skillful hands have learned to create all kinds of animals from them, etc.

In order to inflate an even long balloon, you need to use one of the above methods, but to create a figure, you must not completely inflate the balloon so that it bends easily.

How to create an animal, number, flower, etc. in our selection below.

Video: NUMBER 1 unit FROM LONG CDM BALLOONS figures from do-it-yourself balloons TWISTING BALLOON NUMBER 1

Video: Number 1 from many round and long balls

Video: Flower of balloons shdm / Flower of balloons.✿

Video: DOG FROM A LONG BALL OF CDM how to do it yourself How to Make a Dog With Twisting Balloon

Video: Saber from balls ShDM

Sometimes, especially when there is a large package of balloons in your hands and there is no time and money to run to the store for new balloons - they stubbornly do not inflate. There are a few tips to help inflate any balloon.

Container with warm water - fill the balls and let them stand for a few minutes. (warm but not hot!)

Now we gently stretch our hands in different directions and send them on a towel so that all the moisture from their surface is absorbed.

We inflate, struggling with resistance (the first 1-3 exhalations), then the balloon will begin to inflate much easier.

If a child wants to inflate, but does not succeed in any way, inflate and deflate the balloon and only then give it to the child. Thus, the child will easily overcome the resistance in the pre-stretched ball.

Video: Teddy bear from a long ball

Video: Rose from long balls

Video: Luxurious seed flower from balls

A balloon with a basket is a safe type of air transport that gives bright and unforgettable emotions!

A hot air balloon is an aircraft for flight, which uses a gas that is particularly light. Structurally, it consists of a shell filled with gas and a special basket designed for a certain weight. The control of such a product is carried out using a special cord connected to the shell. As a result, hot air escapes to the outside, which helps to reduce air transport. To know the correct name of a balloon with a basket, you need to turn to the origins of history.

Excursion into history

The first balloon was designed in 1783 by the Montgolfier brothers. The product was filled with hot air, due to which it could rise up. Thanks to the propane type burner, the air was heated. Since the discharged hot air had less weight than the cold air, the balloon could lift off the ground and take off. These devices have been actively used for several centuries to perform aeronautics.

The first successful flight was made in a balloon, the shell of which was made of paper. Warm air circulated from a fixed pot, which served as a combustion site for the fuel. The basket was made of wood and shaped like a boat.

Today, many people are wondering what is the name of a balloon with a basket? Based on the type of shell filling, the following balls are distinguished:

• hot air balloons (filled with hot air mass);
• charliers (light gas is used - hydrogen or helium);
• rosiers (air and gas are used simultaneously for flight).

Features of flying devices

A basket (gondola) of a rectangular shape is an essential attribute of any balloon. It can accommodate from 3 to 25 people (depending on size). You should not worry about the safety of those present, since its edges are quite high and reach chest level. For its manufacture, willow rods or rattan are used. Some areas are covered with leather for greater strength and aesthetics. The shell is made of durable polyester, polyamide or lavsan. Such materials are the most suitable, have adequately proven themselves in various climatic conditions and under increased stress.

Do you want to know what is the name of the large balloon with a basket used for tourist flights by our club? These are modern balloons with a high-quality heat-resistant shell that is airtight. They are equipped with capacious wicker baskets and a block of burners that run on a propane-butane mixture. Barometric devices and a fan are provided, which are responsible for the flow of cold air mass into the shell.

Once started with balloons civil Aviation: before airplanes and helicopters it was like walking to the moon, and people began to fly on balloons back in the 18th century. Today we will tell you how it happens on the 21st: I went to Cappadocia - a region in central Turkey - where mass flights are carried out almost every day; balloons in the air - several dozen at the same time, and passengers, respectively, several hundred.

A little physics. How a hot air balloon flies

A modern passenger balloon is correctly called a hot air balloon, or hot air balloon - by the name of the Montgolfier brothers, who in 1783 made the first flight on aircraft of this type. As part of import substitution, the story has become popular that in fact the first hot air balloon was built half a century before by the Russian inventor Kryakutnoy, but this is just a hoax created after the French flight and promoted in Soviet times.

The principle of flight of a hot air balloon is very simple: inside its shell there is air whose temperature is higher than the temperature of the surrounding air. Since the density of warm air is lower, it, according to the law of Archimedes, tends upward under the action of a buoyant force. At the same time, the shell itself and the payload are attracted to the Earth (the shell is approximately 25x15 m in size with a basket and all equipment weighs 400-500 kg, plus passengers: there were twenty people in our basket). The equality of these forces allows the balloon to "hover" in the air at a certain height.

How a balloon is flown

The main control element of a hot air balloon is a gas burner located under the shell and directed upwards. It burns a mixture of propane and butane, which is taken on board in cylinders similar to those that many summer residents have in the kitchen. With the help of fire, the air in the shell is heated; the temperature rises, the ball rises. Depending on the volume of the shell (2-5 thousand cubic meters of air), payload and ambient temperature, the temperature inside is 50-130 degrees Celsius. The air in the shell is constantly cooling down and the ball begins to decline, so you need to periodically “turn on the heat” to maintain a constant height. In general, everything is simple: more fire - we rise, less fire - we maintain altitude, little-little-little-little-little fire - we descend.

However, in order to descend, you can not wait until the air cools down: in the upper part of the shell there is a valve that can be opened and closed with ropes. If you open it, some of the warm air will come out and the ball will fly down.

They take at least two gas cylinders with them (one main, the other spare) - this is enough for about one hour of flight, a variometer for measuring vertical speed and a walkie-talkie for communicating with pilots of other balloons and escort vehicles (more on them below). And, most importantly, there are no sandbags. They are used as ballast on gas balloons (with helium and other similar gases inside), and a hot air balloon is not needed.

The top valve is open, the balloon is deflating. Pay attention to the number. In Turkey, balloons are registered as TC-Bxx, for example, TC-BUM. In Russia, they are registered in the General Aviation Register and have numbers RA-xxxxG. Each balloon has a certificate of airworthiness, everything is as it should be.

Where is the balloon going?

We can only manage vertical speed balloon. It flies horizontally wherever the wind takes it. That is why, as a complete vehicle the balloon is unusable: it is still a pleasure aircraft. Despite this, flights on balloons are regulated by the aviation authorities no less than on airplanes. Each ball has a registration in the registry aircraft and the corresponding number on board, and the pilots (there are two of them) - a license. Flights are carried out according to the rules of visual flights, that is, with good visibility, the absence of strong wind is also a prerequisite. The problem is that you can only fly early in the morning at dawn or, conversely, at sunset: during the day, ascending air currents from the earth’s surface heated by the sun make flights unsafe (and there are up and down flows in the morning, just not so strong). So you can easily run into a situation where you arrived, but did not fly anywhere - plan just in case for several days at once!

Each balloon has its own escort vehicle: a jeep with a flatbed trailer the size of a basket. Jeep - because the ball will land, most likely not on the road. Aerobatics is landing directly on the platform; much cooler than putting a fighter on an aircraft carrier.

If the balls collide with each other in the air, then ... nothing happens, they just repel each other and fly further. In general, it is quite difficult for the balls to collide: after all, the wind carries them in the same direction.

How is a hot air balloon flight

First, you are brought to your hot air balloon. At this moment, he is still lying on the ground, the basket is on its side, and with the help of a powerful fan, the shell is filled with air, while simultaneously heating it with a burner. At some point, the limp ball becomes elastic and soars up. The basket is turned over, passengers sit in it, climbing over the side. Inside there are two-point harnesses, which, however, few people use, as well as ropes that you will need to hold on to when landing. The pre-flight briefing, in fact, lies in the fact that when landing, you must definitely sit down and hold on to the ropes, since there is a high probability of the basket tipping over: this will avoid injury.

Flight preparation

The pilot gives more fire, and ... the ball soars smoothly up and to the side. It feels like riding a Ferris wheel, only much higher. And at the same time, there is no noise or vibration, so even seasoned aerophobes are not afraid. And even for those who are afraid of heights (and the balloon rises to 1500 m at medium height flight of about 500), it’s not scary: because of the high (about 1.5 meters) side of the basket, it is impossible to fall out of it, and the standing position provokes you to look not down, but to the sides. Indescribable beauty! The real Tatooine! Turkish pilots try to fly in such a way as to get closer to the rocks, "chimneys" and give them the opportunity to see them, descend almost to the roofs of the houses of ancient villages - of course, everything can be photographed and filmed, the main thing is not to drop the camera.

Flight altitude reaches 1500 m

By the way, there is no wind at a height - or rather, it is not felt, because you are flying along with this very wind!

How to fly in a hot air balloon

Cappadocia, as you already understood, is a place where flights to balloons are a developed and mass type of recreation. You will need to get to the city of Urgup, which is 70 km from Kayseri, where the nearest civil airport (ASR) is located. There are several daily flights to Kayseri from Istanbul (IST and SAW) by local airlines: Turkish Airlines, Anadolujet, Pegasus Airlines, etc. It takes about an hour and a half to fly. All the way to Istanbul, of course, there are many various airlines- from Aeroflot and Turkish Airlines to Onur Air and Pobeda. Buying two separate tickets to Istanbul and to Kayseri can help you save a lot (and at the same time spend a couple of days in Istanbul).

Low pass over the mountain - one of the aerobatics in balloons

There are more than a dozen airlines with balloons in Urgup; You can also purchase a flight through their Russian partners by simply typing the appropriate request on Google - it’s convenient if you don’t know Turkish and want to plan everything in advance, or you can directly at the hotel in Urgup, but everything depends on the hotel. Be guided by the fact that the cost of an hour-long flight is 13,000 rubles per person, including transfer from your hotel and back and a modest breakfast in the immediate vicinity of the starting point (tea, coffee, buns).

Video (pre-flight briefing, low-altitude passage, landing on an aircraft carrier, balloon cleaning).

general information

The balloon is aircraft lighter than air, which moves not with the help of motors, but when the air in the dome is heated. The balloon always flies in the direction of the wind, that is, where the wind blows, and as much as the wind blows.

In summer, as a rule, balloons are flown early in the morning (5.00 - 9.00 am), until thermals (vertical air currents) have begun, and in the evening (18.00 - 21.00 hours), when the thermals calm down. In autumn - spring, morning flights start a little later (8:00 am), and evening flights start a little earlier (at 4:00 pm).

A balloon flight lasts about an hour on average, although from a technical point of view it can last 2-3 or more hours.

In an hour, a balloon flies an average of 10 - 20 kilometers.

A balloon can rise to a height of more than 10 km, but at an altitude of 3 km a person no longer has enough oxygen. Therefore, balloons, as a rule, fly low.

Flight preparation

Balloon control begins with careful preparation for the flight. First, the pilot learns meteorological information. For a balloon flight, the most important are three meteorological parameters:

cloudy - so that there is no storm or cumulus clouds,

visibility - at least 5 km,

wind speed - no more than 5 m / s.

Having the purpose of the flight, knowing the direction and speed of the wind, the pilot plans the flight path. Since the meteorological situation is constantly changing, it is impossible to accurately plan a flight or landing site. Therefore, when choosing a launch site, the pilot must always evaluate whether there are enough areas in the direction of flight for a safe landing of the balloon.

If it is planned to fly over the city, the pilot of the balloon must have permission from the local government, and before the flight, the pilot must present his flight plan to the Flight Control Service.

Flights over the city are also specific in that management services are provided here. air traffic. Therefore, the pilot must carefully prepare his charts, and coordinate the details of the flight with the flight control service.

Hot air balloon takeoff

The flight in a hot air balloon starts from the start of the hot air balloon. The pilot and all his team, only 4 people, take part in the launch of the balloon. Passengers are also included in this process, of course, if they agree. For passengers, the start is no less impressive sight than the flight itself.

First, a suitable place is chosen for the launch of the balloon. It is best if it is a meadow measuring at least 50 x 50 meters. There should not be any obstacles on the meadow (field): trees, poles, electric lines. With more strong wind looking for a place protected from the wind.

After choosing a place, all balloon equipment is unloaded. Burners are attached to the basket, they are connected to gas cylinders with the help of special hoses. The pilot tests how the burners and the gas supply system work.

Then the dome is stretched. The dome always stretches in the direction of the wind. The dome is connected to the basket and burners with the help of special carabiners.

Cold air is blown into the prepared dome with the help of a fan.

A powerful fan fills the dome with air in about 5 minutes.

When the canopy is sufficiently inflated, the pilot, using the flame of the burners, begins to heat the air in the canopy. The heated air expands and rises. Thus, the dome inflates and begins to rise from the ground.

Before inflation, the balloon is tied to the car. This is done so that the wind does not completely throw the unprepared balloon. When the pilot is satisfied that the balloon and passengers are properly ready for flight, and when the air in the dome is heated to the required temperature, the balloon begins to rise. After that, the balloon is unhooked from the car and rises.

Preparation of the balloon for flight takes 10-15 minutes.

Piloting a hot air balloon

Although piloting a balloon at first glance seems very simple, in fact it requires special knowledge and skill of the pilot.

Since the balloon has no motor or wings, the balloon is controlled during flight by two main instruments: the burners and the valve. When the air is heated, the balloon rises, and when the valve is opened, the balloon begins to descend. Therefore, the height of the balloon is controlled by changing the temperature inside the dome.

Many people have a question: if the pilot can only adjust the flight altitude, then how does the balloon reach the required place?

The answer is hidden here: ballooning uses atmospheric conditions. Direction and strength of the wind different heights is molded, so pilots, when changing the vertical position of the ball, can direct the flight of the ball in one direction or in the other. The strength of the wind is usually strong in the higher layers of the atmosphere, so pilots can partially control the speed of the flight.

Although even the most experienced pilots cannot fully control the direction of the balloon's flight. Usually, wind conditions give the pilot little choice. In rare cases, the ball can return to the starting point. Therefore, flying a balloon is usually improvised according to existing weather conditions.

For this reason, the balloon is always accompanied by a ground crew, who later help the balloon descend, collect equipment and passengers.

Descent

Even during the flight, the pilot plans in advance where he will descend. The team on the ground is informed about this by telephone or by radio communication.

As a rule, no special requirements apply to the landing site. It is important that it is large enough for the safe descent of the balloon, and that the descending balloon does not cause damage to the owners of the land. If the wind is not strong, the balloon can descend in a normal stadium. If the wind is stronger, the pilot looks for a larger area.

Experienced pilots know how to land the balloon in such a way that contact with the ground is almost not felt. The team on the ground also helps to land the ball. However, when big wind the descent of the balloon can be "hard". The pilot, even before the flight, instructs passengers on how to behave during a “hard” descent. For many passengers, this descent is the most fun part of the flight.

As a rule, pilots try to descend near the road so that an accompanying car can drive up. However, sometimes the balloon descends on a large meadow. In this case, the ground team and assistants help to move the ball to a better place.

After the pilot opens the canopy valve, air is expelled from the canopy. The ball leans and lies down on the ground. On the ground, the working team completely releases the air and packs the balloon.

The descent process lasts approximately 20 minutes.