Thermal springs of Kamchatka. Thermal springs of the Shchapinsky graben. Timonovskie hot springs

Approximately 60 km from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky and 25 km from Yelizovo is the Paratunskaya recreational zone, where sanatoriums, dispensaries and recreation centers have been built on thermal springs. There are several groups of natural outlets of hot water in the valley of the Paratunka River: Nizhne-Paratunsky, Sredne-Paratunsky and Upper Paratunsky.

Nizhne-Paratunsky thermal springs have long been the most popular among the population. They are located on the territory of the village of Paratunka and in the floodplain of the river of the same name.

Residents and guests of Kamchatka are treated and have a rest here all year round. For many centuries, the Paratunsky thermal springs have been famous for their healing properties. Water rich in silicic acid helps people with diseases of the bone and musculoskeletal system, diseases of the nervous system, skin and gynecological ailments.

In a programme:
- visiting one of the recreation centers (admission is paid independently)
- bathing

The Upper Paratunka thermal springs are located in the valley of the Paratunka River, but not at its bottom, but on the northeastern slope of the Goryachaya hill, about 20 kilometers southwest of the village of Paratunka.

The springs consist of two dozen gryphons with temperatures ranging from slightly perceptible to 70°C, located at a height of up to 70 m above the valley floor. Baths are arranged in the stream flowing down the slope. Sitting in a natural font with thermal water, from a bird's eye view you can admire the beauty of the Paratunka river valley. From here open beautiful views on the surroundings: on the dark cherry-colored cone of the Velvet Hill, and to the south - on the most beautiful rocky cone of the Vilyuchinsky volcano.

In a programme:
- inspection of springs, swimming
- excursion to the spawning river
- dinner

The waterfall falls from the slopes of the Vilyuchinsky volcano with a beautiful silver thread about 60 meters high. It is formed from the melting of snow on the slopes of the volcano with the beginning summer season. The trail to the waterfall passes through thickets of alder, and the last 500 meters - along the melting snowfield. The climb is not difficult and is acceptable for people with any physical fitness. After admiring the views of the waterfall and taking beautiful photos, you will return along the familiar path to the car. Further, our path lies to the foot of the Goryachaya hill, from the slopes of which hot Verkhneparatunsky springs flow, flowing in warm streams to the foot of the hill and forming natural thermal baths with a water temperature of 39 to 70 degrees.

In a programme:
- walking tour to the waterfall
- picnic lunch
- transfer to the springs, swimming

The route runs along the river valley. Paratunka past the southern slope of the Vilyuchinsky volcano and further past the hills Skalistaya and Dvugorboi. A panorama will appear before your eyes mountain country with destroyed ancient volcanic structures and a view of the active volcanoes Mutnovsky and Gorely.

Mutnovskaya is located on the northern slope of Mutnovsky volcano. geothermal power plant and Dacha springs, which make it possible to enjoy the vagaries of Kamchatka nature without much physical effort.

Country springs are called the Valley of Geysers in miniature. And this name is justified. Their history begins in the early 1960s. At that time there were 4 groups of outlets for steam-water mixture and hot water. Now, in all its might and almost in its former state, only the fourth group, which is extreme to the west, has been preserved. The third group cooled down, and the rest, who got into the drilling zone, disappeared. The fourth, fortunately preserved, the largest and most interesting western group is called Dacha Springs.

The springs are located in a ravine with sheer walls. Several heated areas lie on its left slope, streams of steam escape, bubbling steam boilers. At the bottom, on the ledge of the right-bank slope, a large cauldron boils, from which strong streams of steam escape. Slightly upstream, almost in the channel itself, a powerful steam-and-water fountain beats. In the bed of a hot stream, a spacious swimming pool is naturally formed.

Walking time from the stop to the Dachnye thermal springs is about 30 minutes one way. Those who wish can swim in wild thermal springs under open sky. While maintaining the schedule of movement along the route, it is possible to visit the Verkhne-Paratunsky wild natural springs.

In a programme:
- excursion to the springs
- picnic
- swimming in the Upper Paratunsky springs

"Zelenovskie lakes" are located 20 km from the city of Yelizovo. The recreation center has one large swimming pool and 5 special baths filled with radon water. Radon water has a beneficial effect on the body, improves metabolism and strengthens the immune system. The temperature of the water in the baths is different. The hottest bath is the last, the coolest is the first. After warming up in healing radon baths, you can plunge into the lake, which is fed by cold underground springs. Such a contrast immersion will give an extraordinary charge of health and unforgettable sensations for the whole year! The lake is located immediately behind the baths, wide wooden steps with handrails lead to it.

130 km from Petropavlovsk, near the ancient village of Malka, there are two groups of mineral springs - cold carbonic and hot. From year to year, the flow of nature lovers is increasing, attracted here by these sources and the beauty of the surrounding places. The springs are located in the west of the village of Malka on the banks of the Klyuchevka River (the left tributary of the Bystraya River), quite powerful jets of hot water are knocked out of the pebble layer, having a temperature of up to 70-80 degrees. Excavated spacious shallow pools - baths, welcome everyone who wants to swim and relax in the healing low-mineralized thermal waters. On the opposite bank of the river from the village there is a carbonic mineral spring, where a new workshop of the plant was built. mineral waters.

you will commit small excursion to the "wild" thermal springs, where you can swim and watch how hot springs coexist with a cold river, and the mountainous nature of the area - a chain of beautiful, sharp, like spiers, towers, not conquered by man "Ganal shakers", will betray your path inexhaustible a stream of picturesqueness and diversity. Additionally, you can make an excursion to the Malkinsky fish breeding plant for the reproduction of chinook salmon and sockeye salmon.

For areas with high volcanic activity due to constant tectonic processes, the presence of thermal springs is characteristic. Kamchatka represents just such a region with the number of hot springs close to 150 groups, differing in mineralogical composition and, accordingly, in purpose. Every year, hundreds of residents of our country come to the peninsula to improve their health and improve the general condition of the body.

Hot springs in Kamchatka on the territory of the Pinachevsky deposit are unique not only in their composition, but also in their effect on the body. The content of hydrogen sulfide and radon in the thermal waters makes Zelenovskie lakes one of the most popular places rest and recovery. A feature of these Kamchatka hot springs is the temperature range in which the waters are located. After taking baths with a high temperature, experts recommend plunging into icy waters. The list of indications for the use of hot springs includes:

Skin diseases
Consequences of injuries

Also, the water of Zelenovskie lakes has a general rejuvenating effect, having a cosmetic effect.

In the valley of the Paratunka River, hot springs are divided into three main groups and constitute the main attraction of the recreational Paratunka zone, being only 70 km from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. In the territory balneological resort Paratunka River for the convenience of tourists organized several hotel complexes. The three main groups of thermal waters: Nizhne-Paratunsky, Sredne-Paratunsky and Verkhne-Paratunsky differ from each other in water temperature and mineralogical composition, and, accordingly, in their effect. In Nizhne-Paratunskiye terms, the water temperature is +38 degrees all year round, and the main element that gives special qualities is silicon. The water of the Sredne-Paratunskoye deposit is rich in arsenic compounds in small doses and has a higher temperature of +50 - +80 degrees. In the Verkhne-Paratunsky spring, the water temperature is +39 - +70 degrees. Disorders of the musculoskeletal systems, nervous origin and skin integument can be treated near the Paratunka River.

Vilyuchinsky volcano in the valley of the Vilyuchyu River contributed to the emergence of thermal waters on the surface of the earth's crust in two places. You can improve your health both in the Upper Vilyuchinsky and Nizhne-Vilyuchinsky sources. The water temperature in the first reaches +52 degrees, in the second it is ten degrees more. The composition of the term is sulfate-chloride-hydrocarbonate, which allows you to treat the skin and rejuvenate.

Timonovskiye terms

The increased content of bromine, iodine, fluorine makes the hot springs of the left source of the river. Timonovskaya Pad is a favorite place for tourists who come to Kamchatka in search of beautiful scenery and recreation areas. In terms of temperature, hot springs vary in a fairly large range: from +23 to +50 degrees. Indications medicinal properties Timonovskie hot springs also have a diverse spectrum:

Diseases of the musculoskeletal system
Disorders of the peripheral nervous system
Skin diseases
Diseases of the cardiovascular system
Diseases of the urinary system

Not far from the village of Apacha, about 15 km away from the Shikova River, there are several shallow thermal outlets. The water of these small pools has unique content, which includes boron, lithium, iron, aluminum. Baths can be taken all year round, due to the high temperature of the jets located at the bottom of the springs. Approximately the temperature is in the range from 55 to 72 degrees. Water is useful for restoring the normal functioning of the joints.

The unique outlets of thermal springs are located 5 km east of the village of Malki, on the banks of the river. Klyuchevka. Its half-kilometer valley is incredibly beautiful and has the richest flora and fauna. A rather small thermal area is covered with large pebbles, through which six groups of hot springs emerge with a water temperature reaching +84 degrees, which in some places connects with cold streams. A little lower, the inhabitants made a small number of reservoirs for swimming. A recreation center was erected near the thermal springs, where you can rent houses for living and a comfortable swimming pool for swimming in thermal water. This place is a favorite among Kamchadals, and on absolutely any day of the year people from the most distant corners Russia. Water from these thermal baths can not only cure diseases and improve overall well-being, but also rejuvenate and even reduce weight.

More than others, the group of thermal springs located in the southeastern region of Kamchatka, on the territory of the Pravaya Khodutka river valley, enjoys the attention of tourists. It is special in that large outlets of hot springs merge into one hot river, the width of which reaches 15-20 m, and the maximum depth is up to 1.5 m. The water temperature reaches +77 degrees near the coast, and the plants here have a bright orange tint. . The water in this thermal river over time, it cools down from +49 degrees to +37, and after about 1 km it flows into the waters of the Right Khodutka. People visit these springs to swim in such an interesting hot river. But due to high temperature and mineral composition swimming in it is not so easy.

Since ancient times, Kamchatka has had a rich and beautiful nature, a unique geographical location and unstable tectonic processes, thanks to which this region is famous for its diversity and abundance. healing springs. This determines a large tourist flow of people who want to take a course of recovery, improve immunity, rejuvenate and relax. If you choose between rest and treatment, then Kamchatka will be the best solution to combine business with pleasure.

Sometimes tourists have to organize their own adventures. And one of the possible fun activities in Kamchatka is hot springs.

Previous post:
RUSSIA. UNEXPLORED TRAILS.
- Kamchatka. First approach. 2017
- On the way to the "home" volcanoes. Way to Avachinsky pass
- Up the slope of the Avachinsky volcano or the nuances of the Kamchatka weather
- Mount Camel and "Club of Flying Ice Axes" on Avachinsky Pass
- Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. City and port at the edge of the world
- Main fish market Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
- Black sand at the edge of the world. Khalaktyrsky beach

With a little help from my friends (c) they found out the right way, and the Flying Ice Ax Club went to warm the priests in Paratunka. There are many options with thermal springs in Kamchatka, and we chose for reasons of civilization of the place and ease of reaching the goal, because during the mountain adventures, to put it mildly, we got tired.

Paratunka started for us at the local bus station, where we mingled with the crowd local residents, stormed bus number 111k. They comfortably settled down in the very tail, sipped cognac from the neck. We watched how Vilyuchinskaya Sopka gradually becomes the dominant element of the landscape and how rain and snow hit the window. Interior decor elements with fringe straight from the nineties swaying rhythmically bouncing on the bumps along with the bus. Interestingly, and the gear knob with a rose in epoxy?

It's nothing to go - about thirty minutes, go to the recreation center "Krechet". The sign there is grandiose - you will not pass by. The return bus is in an hour and a half, which means that there is a whole hour of water procedures ahead. Paratunka is a fairly popular and easily accessible place, and it is unlikely that you will be left there alone with a soaring in the cold air. hot water. But for solitude in Kamchatka there are plenty of places.

There are two pools here - smaller and warmer, a kind of "paddling pool" and deeper "adult". But this division, as you understand, is very conditional. It’s about plus three outside, the water is thirty-eight and everything around is filled with steam, there is snow, sometimes it starts to lightly crumble from the sky and this evens out the temperature balance.

Naturally, in such hot water, in the complete absence of at least some species, we quickly got bored. The pools are surrounded by an impenetrable fence, and looking at the wall is not too fun. Like a crab in a saucepan and the water is already warming up. Therefore, we quickly decided to accept a new member to the Flying Ice Ax Club. Let it be temporary. I even lent him glasses, for greater importance. You swim and make a snowman - very Kamchatka.

At the end of the allotted time, we, flushed and heated, gathered on a bench near a half-meter snowdrift and set off on our way back.

The return bus will bring you to the central fish market where you can find everything that is waterfowl and edible. And, thus, an independent expedition for warmth will gracefully end.

Text - © Nadezhda Ovcharenko, 2017
Photo - © Ruslan Ovcharenko, 2017

Location: Russia, Kamchatka Territory, Paratunskoye Highway, 24th km, Yelizovo.
Coordinates: 52°59"54"N 158°16"7"E (map

Hot springs are not uncommon for volcanic areas. Kamchatka is no exception: there are about 150 different groups of thermal manifestations on the peninsula. Below are data on the location, temperature and chemical composition of the water of the most interesting and accessible sources for visiting.

Thermal springs of the Shchapinsky graben

For 30 km of the river valley. There are several groups of thermal springs on the left Shchapina (Nizhne-Shchapinskiye, Verkhne-Schapinskiye, Belovskie, Iultskiye).

Nizhne-Schapinskie springs (Kipelye) are located 40 km from the village. Shchapino on both banks of the Levaya Shchapina River, about 800 m north of the sharp turn of the river channel to the west and 14 km west-southwest of the volcano. Kizimen.

The left-bank springs are two artificial baths (5x7 and 5x4 m), carved into two sinter flat travertine (carbonate) covers-domes, located on a swampy floodplain. The baths are intensively aerated, creating the impression of boiling water, although the water temperature in them is 38 and 40 ° C. The baths are used to drain water into the river.

The right-bank springs are located 250 m northwest of the left-bank springs on a terrace above the floodplain, 30-50 m from the water's edge in the river. On the thermal site there is a warm lake, stretched along the shore and measuring 70x30 m. Numerous outflows of water and gas are noted at its bottom and along the banks. The temperature of the springs is 33-35 o C.

The composition of the water of the Nizhne-Shchapinsk springs is hydrocarbonate-magnesium with a total mineralization of 2-3 g/l. A siliceous-carbonate precipitate is deposited from the water. Iron, manganese, and phosphorus are present in increased amounts in water and sediments from waters. The composition of spontaneous gas is carbon dioxide. In composition, the Nizhne-Schapinsk springs are close to the Caucasian narzan.

Verkhne-Schapinskiye (Tumrokskiye) springs located 20 km from the Nizhne-Schapinskie up the valley of about. Left Shchapina, at the base of the left slope of the valley, at the foot of the tectonic scarp, 25 km southeast of the mouth of the river. Belaya (left tributary of the river Levaya Shchapina) and 4 km from the bed of the river. Left Shchapina (along the path).

There are 15 outlets of thermal water at the highest temperature section, the main of which are confined to shallow basins, two of them are deepened and captured in wooden log cabins-baths. The water temperature in them is 42-58 o C. The remaining outlets have lower temperatures of 30-45 o C and are confined to small boilers on the tops of two flint-travertine domes. There are also more than 20 springs with temperatures of 18-20 o C, the water from which is collected in one thermal stream.

The composition of the water is sodium chloride with a total mineralization of up to 5-7 g / l, with a content of silicic acid (K 4 Si0 4) up to 160 mg / l and metaboric acid (H3BO3) up to 400 mg / l. A high content of arsenic (8-12 mg/l) was found in water and sediments from water, iron, manganese and phosphorus are present.

Springs are intensively carbonated. The composition of the gas is nitrogen-carbon dioxide. Verkhne-Shchapinsk springs are close in composition to the Caucasian type of Essentuki mineral waters.

Belovskie springs located on both banks of the river. Belaya, 8 km from its mouth and 4 km northeast of Verkhne-Schapinskie. The right-bank group is represented by two sections on opposite sides of the hill separating them. One source, far from the river, originates at the foot of the hill, forming a cauldron 4 m in diameter, which crowns a dome 8-10 m high. The body of the dome is composed of carbonate-siliceous sediments. The water temperature is 58-66 o C. The second source, closest to the river, is a seepage of water with a temperature of 58 o C.

The left-bank springs are opposite the right-bank ones. There are two exits with travertine domes. Water temperature 42-52 o C.

The composition of the water of the Belovskie springs is bicarbonate-chloride sodium with a total mineralization of 4.5-5.0 g/l, with a silica content of up to 180 mg/l. The waters of these springs are characterized by the highest content (for Kamchatka thermal waters) of metaboric acid (up to 500 mg/l), as well as arsenic (above 12 mg/l). In water and sediments from waters, the content of iron, manganese, phosphorus, and antimony is significant.

Iult sources located in the river valley. Bolshoi Iult (left tributary of the Levaya Shchapina River), 12 km from its mouth. The left-bank spring has long enjoyed a reputation (which, by the way, is not substantiated) for treating eye diseases. The outlet of thermal water is located at the rear seam of the left-bank terrace, 8.5 m above the water's edge in the river. The source is a gassing griffin with a diameter of 0.4 m and a depth of 0.3 m (water temperature 34 ° C, flow rate 0.3 l/sec). A yellow sediment settles at the bottom of the griffin and along the bed of the stream flowing from it. The thermal platform, 20x30 m in size, is covered with typical heat-loving vegetation, under which there are yellowish-gray travertine (carbonate) deposits that are exposed in the side of the river above the water. Along the coastline for 100 m, seepage of thermal water with a temperature of 26-34 o C is observed.

On the right bank of the river Bolshoi Iult, almost opposite the left-bank spring, there is another thermal manifestation located on a high floodplain. It is a heated area 30x50 m in size, located 20 m from the river bank. In the middle of the site there are two swampy boilers with a water temperature of 30 ° C, from which a small stream flows. At 30 m from them, in the rear seam of the right-bank terrace, there is a weakly gassing griffin 0.15 m in diameter with a water temperature of 28 ° C.

The composition of the water of all sources is bicarbonate sodium-magnesium with a total mineralization of about 1 g / l, the content of silicic acid is 130 mg / l. Lithium and fluorine were found in the water of the springs in very small amounts. Manganese (1.2 wt.%), phosphorus (up to 5 wt.%), arsenic (up to 5 wt.%), zinc (0.01 wt.%), copper, strontium, and nickel are found in sediments from the waters.

Thermal springs of Uzon caldera

The caldera is a bowl-shaped basin 8x1 km in size with a relatively flat bottom in the western part (absolute elevation 650-700 m), hilly in the eastern part and steep sides 300-400 m high, passing from the outside into a slightly inclined plateau. Modern hydrothermal activity is concentrated in a narrow zone, no more than 400 m wide, traced almost along the caldera centerline from east to west for 2.5 km (with interruptions). In this area, there are many seething griffins, numerous mud pots and volcanoes, soaring and in varying degrees heated areas with dispersed outlets of water, steam, gas. The temperature of the springs is 45-96 o C, the flow regime of some of them is pulsating, sometimes turning into a geyser, with the ejection of water by griffins to a height of up to 1 m. and a diameter of 25-50 m. The largest thermal lake of the caldera is Lake. Fumarolic. It fills a vast basin measuring 300x600 m with a well-defined coastal cliff. According to the chemical composition of the waters of thermal springs, they are diverse: from chloride-sodium (overheated), sulfate-sodium to bicarbonate-sodium (narzans). The total mineralization does not exceed 1-1.5 g/l. Almost all waters are enriched with silicic acid - from 100 to 250 mg/l, boron. Antimony, arsenic, copper, zinc were found in water and sediments from water. The spontaneous gas of the sources is dominated by either CO 2 or Na with an admixture of hydrogen sulfide (up to 1.5 vol.%), hydrogen, and radon. The most interesting from the point of view of taking radon baths in Uzon is the hot lake. Sauna at the Eastern thermal field. Here, at the source of the stream flowing from the lake, a deep griffin is constantly seething with large gas bubbles. At the bottom of the griffon, the depth of which is more than 1.5 m, a jet of a gas-water mixture with a temperature of about 70 ° C beats. 45 ° C. The main component in the gas is carbon dioxide, in October 1978 the concentration of radon reached 5.3x10 -10 Ku / l.

Thermal springs of the Valley of Geysers

Geysers are a rare phenomenon of nature, they are found in North America(Yellowstone national park USA), Iceland, New Zealand. The word "geyser" means spouting. In Kamchatka, the Valley of Geysers was discovered in 1941 by T. I. Ustinova. Here is how K. N. Rudich describes Kamchatka geysers in his book “Stone Torches of Kamchatka”: “... Starting from the mouth of the river. Geysernaya, nine groups of geysers and thermal springs stand out over a distance of 6 km. The first of them was discovered by T. I. Ustinova in the valley of the river. Noisy, 50 m below the mouth of the river. Geysernaya, and called her the Firstborn.

The most active site is located in downstream R. Geysernaya and stretches for 3.5 km upstream. All known geysers are concentrated here, constantly operating and pulsating boiling springs, steam jets. Geysers are a kind of boiling springs, characterized by the periodic release of a steam-water mixture, but gushing is only one of the stages of a geyser's activity. The following stages are usually distinguished: the stage of filling the griffin with water, then pouring out water from the geyser channel, ejection of the steam-water mixture (the actual eruption of the geyser), soaring and the stage of rest. Each geyser has its own periodicity. Around the geysers, sinter terraces, cones, and platforms are formed, composed of siliceous sediment from the waters - geyserite.

Geysers got their names either because of the characteristic color of geyserite (Sugar, Pearl. Malachite, Pink), or because of the exit conditions and the nature of the activity (Triple, Grotto, Stove, Inaccessible, Frying pan, Neighbor, Slit, Insidious, wall of Dwarf geysers) , or the power of their activity (Giant, Fountain, Large, Small). One of the geysers is named after the famous hydrogeologist VV Averyev (Averiy).

In total, there are more than 40 geysers. The largest of them (Velikan) is located on the left bank of the river. Geyser opposite observation deck located on the high terrace of the right bank. The size of the griffin is 3x1.5, the depth is about 3 m. The eruption of this geyser begins with a powerful splash, and then the Veda column rises to a height of up to 30 m, and the clouds of steam rise to 300 m. This fountain continues for 2 minutes, after which the geyser intensively hovering. The giant strikes with the grandeur of the eruption and a deafening roar. Another two minutes pass, and the griffin of the geyser is emptied of water, but the soaring continues. Then preparations for a new eruption begin - the griffin is gradually filled with water with a bubbling. The full period of the geyser's activity lasts about 4 hours 30 minutes.

To the west of Velikan is the Zhemchuzhny geyser. It is located as if from a well of blocks covered with geyserite resembling pearls. The eruption or fountaining of this geyser lasts 3 minutes, when the column of water rises to a height of 10-12 m. Later on, it soars even during the period of rest.

The Fountain geyser, also located near the Giant, erupts very beautifully. From a round griffin well 0.6 m in diameter, powerful sparkling jets of water rise to a height of up to 20 m. The fountaining of water in this geyser continues for 3 minutes, and then only a dull roar is heard.

There are geysers with double and triple gryphons. The largest of them - Triple - is located at the mouth of the stream. Waterfall. Its eruption lasts 8 minutes. The full period of activity (from eruption to eruption) is on average 2 hours 30 minutes.

Some pulsating sources are also characteristic. One of them is Weeping, so named because it flows in thin streams, which, with an increase in pressure, beat with small fountains.

Each of the geysers has a certain mode, erupts in a rhythm peculiar only to it, but they all operate with the precision of a clockwork. The temperature of thermal manifestations is up to 98 ° C. The composition of water is sodium chloride with a total mineralization of up to 2 g / l, with a high content of silicic acid, with the presence of specific microcomponents - lithium, rubidium, boron. The composition of the gas is dominated by nitrogen.

The Verkhne-Geyserny site is located 5 km above the mouth of the river. Geysernaya, on the left slope of the valley. The composition of the condensate water is sulfate sodium-calcium with a total mineralization of up to 0.35 g/l.

In the upper river Geysernaya at the foot of Volk. Kikhpinych are located Kikhpinych springs. There are many concentrated exits with a boiling point and with a typical composition of condensates.

Thermal baths of the Semyachiksky district

are confined to the complex volcanic massif Bolshoy Semyachik, located off the coast of the Kronotsky Bay. Hydrothermal activity here manifests itself in the form of powerful steam jets, boiling boilers, heated areas, vast zones of altered rocks (Upper Semyachik springs) and numerous thermal springs and warm streams (Nizhne-Semyachik springs).

Upper Semyachik springs are located in the area of two volcanoes - Burlyashchy and Central Semyachik. Extensive thermal fields are located in the heavily destroyed structures of these volcanoes: the Soaring Valley and the Upper Thermal Field (on the Burlyashchy volcano) and the northern crater of the Central Semyachik. The most typical forms: numerous jets of superheated steam, boiling water and mud boilers, hot and boiling lakes, heated huge areas with multi-colored clays, hot springs on the periphery of thermal sites. Hydrotherms are concentrated in thermal fields ranging from tens to several thousand square meters. The composition of the steam condensate is sulphate-ammonium, the water of the springs is sulphate calcium-sodium with a mineralization of 0.6-1.2 g/l. The waters of steam jets are slightly acidic (рН = 3-4.5). The composition of gases is typical solfataric: CO 2 - 75-80 vol. %, a significant amount of H 2 S is present - up to 16 vol. %. On Volk. Central Semyachik is very interesting to watch black lake, located in a drainless pond measuring 20x60 m, at the bottom of which powerful jets of steam are knocked out. Throwing water to a height of up to 1.5 m, they create the illusion of intense boiling. The lake has a black color due to sulfides suspended in the water (iron compounds with H 2 S). The water temperature in the lake is 95-96 o C.

Nizhne-Semyachik springs. 8 km southeast of the volcano. Bolshoy Semyachik, at its foot, there is a vast area with thermal waters. Warm springs appear in ravines at elevations of 150-160 m, 2.5 km from the ocean. Further, the outflows of thermal waters can be traced up to the coast in the entire area between the Pravaya River and the Limanny Stream, i.e. in a band of about 2 km. warm waters also warm up ocean beach for 5 km from the river. The first to the Zhupanovsky estuary and north coast firth. large group springs with a temperature of up to 49 ° C and a flow rate of 70 l / s (this is the Nizhne-Semyachiksky springs) gives rise to the Goryachiy Klyuch stream, from which water falls into the lower pool from a height of 3 m along a rocky ledge of the stream bed (the famous thermal waterfall). The composition of the water is hydrocarbonate-sulfate calcium-magnesium-sodium with a total mineralization of 1-1.6 g / l, the content of silicic acid is up to 160 mg / l.

Thermal springs of the Karymsky volcano area

Karymsky springs are located near active volcano in the upper river Karymskaya, on the left bank, 3 km southeast of the top of the volcano. Karymsky, actually at its foot. The area with the springs is a flat-bottomed swampy basin, in which, on an area of about 2 km 2, thermal water is discharged in the form of various thermal springs, among which two main types stand out: hot narzan with a temperature of 25, 36, 42 ° C, they plant iron hydroxiols, forming sloping limonite cones with griffins on top, as well as water funnels and lakes, slightly aerated;

warm narzans with a temperature of 9-22 o C are represented by several concentrated exits from under the lavas of the volcano. Karymsky.

The waters of the springs are chloride-hydrocarbonate-sulfate sodium-magnesium siliceous (silicic acid content up to 295 mg/l) with a total mineralization of up to 2.6 g/l. Specific components - boron, fluorine, lithium. The composition of gases is dominated by CO 2 (>75 vol.%), radon is present - up to 8x10 -10 Cu / l. In siliceous-iron sediments from waters, phosphorus (1.64 wt.%) and arsenic (0.44 wt.%) are present in high concentrations.

Springs of the Academy of Sciences (Small Geysers) are located on south coast lake Karymsky, 5 km south of the volcano. Karymsky. Here, for 2.5 km, there are many jet-like and gushing outlets, forming lakes connected by channels. Geyserites and siliceous-carbonate sediments fall abundantly near the springs. The spring water is sodium chloride with a high content of silicic acid (340 mg/l). General mineralization 1.2 g/l. In terms of chemical composition and temperature, they are closest to the boiling springs of the Valley of Geysers and the Uzon caldera, however, they have a lower mineralization. Spontaneous gas - carbon dioxide-nitrogen. The content of radon is 260x10 -10 Cu / l.

Thermal springs of the Nalychevskaya hollow

The area of spring outlets is an intermountain basin, overgrown with a park forest of stone birch. From all sides it is surrounded by the majestic peaks of the active and extinct volcanoes. There are 7 groups of thermal springs in the Nalychevo basin. All of them are located in the basin of the sources of the river. Right Nalycheva, about 60 km from the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

Nalychevo springs (main group) are located in the valley of the left tributary of the river. Goryachaya (right tributary of the Right Nalycheva River), 12 km south-southwest of the city of Vershinskaya. On a gently sloping travertine (carbonate) dome with a diameter of about 150-200 m, there are more than 50 concentrated outlets of thermal water. After drilling in this area, the regime of thermal springs was disturbed. Before drilling, the main outlet was a cauldron, with the spread of water from which a travertine cover-dome was formed. The maximum temperature is 75 ° C. The chemical composition of the water is sodium chloride with a total mineralization of 3.7-4.0 g / l, with a silica content of 53-160 mg / l. A feature of these thermal baths is the high content of metaboric acid - up to 360 mg/l. According to the composition of spontaneous gas, the sources are carbonic.

Goryacherechensky springs are located on the floodplain of the left bank of the river. hot. 12 km southeast of the city of Vershinskaya. Here, for 2.5 km, there are 5 groups of sources. In high water in the river. Hot they are flooded. The water temperature is 28-50 ° C. The chemical composition of the water is sodium chloride with a total mineralization of 1.8-3.5 g / l, with a silica content of 70-120 mg / l, metaboric acid - 120-160 mg / l.

Zheltorechensky sources are located in the river valley. Zheltoy (one of the western sources of the Right Nalycheva river), 11.5 km east of the city of Vershinskaya. Two groups of springs (small scattered outlets of thermal water) are located on the floodplain of the right bank of the river. Yellow. The water temperature is 39-42 ° C. The chemical composition of the water is sodium chloride with a total mineralization of 3.5 g / l, with a content of silicic acid up to 200 mg / l, metaboric acid up to 160 mg / l and arsenic up to 10-12 mg / l

Shayba springs located in the floodplain of the right bank of the river. Shaibnaya, 12 km southeast of Vershinskaya. Here, 2 groups of concentrated and scattered exits are traced over a distance of 1.5 km. Carbonate and ocherous (ferruginous) sediments form in places where thermal water comes out and on its outflows on the surface. Water temperature 8-17 o C.

local history sources- these are concentrated outlets of thermal water on both banks of the river. Talovaya for 2 km from the mouth. Temperature - 52 ° C. The composition of the water is sodium chloride with a total mineralization of 7.5 g / l, with a silica content of up to 140 mg / l and with a very high content of metaboric acid (Н3BO3) - up to 360 mg / l.

Talovskie sources- one of the most exotic sources of the Nalychevskaya hollow, and they are located on the left bank of the river. Rapids (right tributary of the Shaibnaya River), 2.6 km above the mouth. Over 1.5 km, 4 groups of springs are represented by several concentrated outlets of thermal water in large funnels on the tops of travertine domes, the height of which reaches more than 2 m, and the travertine is colored brown and yellow due to the admixture of arsenic and iron compounds. The water temperature is 8-31 o C. The composition is sodium chloride with a total mineralization of 5.8-6.0 g/l, with a content of silicic acid up to 120 mg/l and metaboric acid up to 180-200 mg/l. An increased content of phosphorus and arsenic (up to 13-14 mg/l) was found in the water of springs and sediments from the waters.

Aag carbonic thermal springs discovered only in 1962. They are located in the southwestern part of the Nalychevskaya depression, 12 km north of the volcano. Koryaksky, in the upper reaches of the left source of the river. Pure. Individual outcrops of mineral waters can be traced at the bottom and along the banks of the river for 1 km. Some springs are intensively aerated. A bright orange precipitate of iron hydroxides is deposited at the points of water outlets. Many hundreds of meters below, the boulders in the river bed are colored by this sediment. The left bank of the river is steep and high (more than [omission of text in the book] kov, in which there are more than 35 springs, some of which flow from a crack, and some from funnels on iron-travertine domes. These springs are located at the junction of the terrace to the side valleys, depositing precipitation from the water, form characteristic cone-shaped structures 0.5-1 m high, leaning against the slope.On the tops of such cones, small funnels up to 30 cm in diameter are usually observed, through the edges of which mineral water overflows.The water temperature in the springs is from 11 to 34-38 ° C. The water of the Aag springs is sour, very pleasant to the taste, the composition is hydrocarbonate sodium-magnesium with a total mineralization of 1-1.2 g / l and a silica content of 160-250 mg / l. Dissolved and spontaneous gases are more than 90% consist of CO 2. In terms of the composition of water and gases, these sources are close to the Caucasian Narzan.

Timonovskie thermal springs

located on both banks of the narrow valley of the left source of the river. The Timonovskaya Pad (left tributary of the Middle Avacha River) is approximately 2 km northwest of the Timonovskaya town. The springs are unloaded at the foot of the terrace, 3-3.5 m from the water's edge in the river. Some of them, apparently, are located directly in the riverbed. In total, there are about 15 griffins here. The maximum temperature of the term is 45-46 o C, but springs with a temperature of 23-33 o C are more common. The chemical composition of water in all griffins is similar and refers to sulfate-chloride-hydrocarbonate sodium with a total mineralization of 2.8 g / l, the content of silicic acid up to 220 mg/l. In addition, there is an increased content of bromine (up to 1.9 mg/l) and iodine (up to 0.33 mg/l) in the water; from other microcomponents in the water of the springs there are lithium, rubidium, cesium, boron (3 mg/l), arsenic (0.15 mg/l), fluorine.

Thermae of the Paratunka River Basin

There are three groups of thermal springs in the Paratunka river valley.

Nizhne-Paratunskiye thermal springs, have long been the most popular among the population, are located on the territory of the village. Paratunka, at the foot of the left-bank floodplain terrace and in the swampy floodplain of the river. Paratunki. Prior to the start of exploitation of the Nizhne-Paratunsky thermal field, there were 4 groups of springs over 450 m, each of which had from 5-6 to 12 concentrated outlets with temperatures of 34-45 ° C. At present, deep drilling wells have opened waters with temperatures up to 92 o S. The waters of the Nizhne-Paratunsky springs are chloride-sulfate sodium siliceous with a total mineralization of about 2 g / l. The composition of the gas is nitrogen.

The attraction of this thermal area is the therapeutic mud found in the lake. Utin. They are successfully used in treatment in two sanatoriums based on the Nizhne-Paratunsky springs. In addition, there are several indoor swimming pools with thermal water on the area of the Nizhne-Paratunskoye thermal water deposit.

Sredne-Paratunsky springs are located in the floodplain. Paratunki. The springs are represented by many concentrated and scattered outlets over 1.2 km along the banks and in the bed of a small stream. The water temperature is 55-82 o C. The water of the springs is sulphate sodium siliceous (up to 83 mg/l) with a total mineralization of 1.1 g/l. Arsenic is present in water in a small amount (0.16 mg/l).

Verkhne-Paratunskiye springs are located in the river valley. Paratunka, 2.5 km above the confluence of the river. Karymshina and 16 km southwest of the village. Paratunka, on the left slope of the valley. The springs are located in a small inflection of the slope of the Goryachaya hill, which separates the valleys of these rivers, at an altitude of about 80 m. The bridges of their outlets are clearly visible from afar due to the puffs of steam and the characteristic change of vegetation: among the dense alder dwarf forest, light green thickets of the alder-mushroom stand out brightly. Hot springs, and there are more than 16 of them, form three parallel flowing warm streams. At 70 m from the source of the stream, which has a rather steep slope, there is a warm waterfall. The water temperature in the springs is 39-70 o C. The water is chloride-sulfate calcium-sodium moderately siliceous (up to 45 mg/l) with a total mineralization of about 1 g/l and an arsenic content of about 0.3 mg/l. The composition of the freely released gas is 97% nitrogen.

Vilyuchinsky thermal springs

are on the right bank of the river. Vilyuch and are represented by three groups.

Upper Vilyuchinsky springs located in the interfluve. Vilyuchi and ruch. Calm 1 km above the mouth. 4 griffins and a small lake are observed here. On the arrow Vilyucha - hand. Calm is a platform with weakly oozing outflows of thermal water. Water temperature 40-52 o C.

Nizhne-Vilyuchinsky springs located at the foot of the right side of the river valley. Vilyuchi, 1.5 km downstream from the Verkhne-Vilyuchinsky springs. They are weak outcrops with a temperature of 40-62 o C on the surface of the travertine dome and on the floodplain terrace. Thermal water gathers in a stream flowing through a swampy thermal site. The chemical composition of the water of the Vilyuchinsky springs is sulfate-chloride-hydrocarbonate with a total mineralization of up to 1.2 g/l and a silica content of up to 100 g/l. The spontaneous gas is dominated by nitrogen and CO 2 .

Thermal springs of Mutnovsko-Zhirovsky district

Severo-Mutnovskiye terms. 3.5-4 km north of the powerful fumarole fields of the volk. Mutnovsky, at its foot, there are several thermal sites with numerous exits of steam jets. There are two territorially separated groups of thermal sites: western and eastern. Both groups are characterized by steam jets, boiling water and mud boilers. Temperature 100 o C and above (up to 110 o C). The composition of the steam condensate is hydrocarbonate-sodium-calcium with a total mineralization of 0.17-0.20 g/l. In the boilers, the water is sulphate-sodium, sulphate-calcium with a total mineralization of 1.1-1.4 g / l. The content of silicic acid is from 30 to 250 mg/l.

Dacha thermal springs are located 1 km east of the pass between the mountains Dvugorba and Skalista, 9 km north of the volcano. Mutnovsky. Just like the Severo-Mutnovka thermae, they are rather gas-steam jets than sources of hot water, but they are located hypsometrically below the Severo-Mutnovka thermae, are partially flooded with cold groundwater, and therefore, along with steam-gas jets and boiling boilers, there appear here hot springs, warm lakes and thermal swamps. Thermal manifestations are scattered along steep slopes and can be traced in a wide strip for more than a kilometer, while 5 groups of sources and steam jets are clearly distinguished, the most powerful of which Active (Kotel) is located at the foot of the dome in a rounded basin with steep walls up to 30 m high. in the form of steam jets, boiling pots and hot springs are observed on the walls of the basin and at its bottom. There are more than 100 large and small steam-gas jets. The remaining groups of thermal manifestations of the Dachnoye deposit (Utinaya, Medvezhya, etc.) are scattered on leveled, partially swampy areas.

The chemical composition of the condensate of steam-gas jets is sulfate-calcium bicarbonate-sodium with a low total mineralization from 0.12 to 0.7 g/l, the content of silicic acid is 30-79 mg/l. In the condensates, an increased content of copper, manganese, zinc, arsenic, and antimony was found. The composition of the gas is predominantly carbon dioxide. The gas of the Severo-Mutnovsky and Dachny springs contains radon. Its content is especially high in the gases of the Bear group (the northernmost) - up to 2500 eman.

Verkhne-Zhirovsky steam jets and springs are located in the upper reaches of the river. Zhirovoi, on its left bank. The area where sources and steam jets exit is a hard-to-reach gorge with very steep sides several hundred meters high. thermal springs and steam jets are scattered over large area. Almost all of them are located on steep slopes or in steeply falling gullies. Three areas are distinguished, in which, as in the areas of the Severo-Mutnovsky thermal baths, there are steam jets, and mud boilers, and heated areas with a boiling point, and down the slope, at the water's edge in the Zhirovaya River, there are springs with a temperature of 60-72 about C. The chemical composition of the steam condensate is sulfate-calcium-sodium with a low total mineralization of 0.2-0.5 g/l.

Nizhne-Zhirovskie thermal springs located 9 km from the mouth of the river. Zhirovoy on the high floodplain of the right bank. The soil on a key field measuring 120x60 m is warmed up to 40-60 o C. The outlets of thermal waters are boiling water bodies up to 2 m in diameter, there are griffins without a visible runoff, hot springs at the base of the valley slope. There is a small bath on site. The temperature is 42-98 o C. On the left bank of the river, 500 m from the main group of springs, there are two more thermal sites, each of which, 150x70 m in size, collects thermal waters with a temperature of 35-84 o C in streams. - green algae, on which precipitation from the water settles, giving them the appearance of a beard. These beards, stretched along the channel, are observed almost to the mouths of the streams, where they flow into the river. Adipose. The chemical composition of water is sodium chloride with a total mineralization of 1.2-1.5 g/l. The composition of spontaneous gas is carbon dioxide-nitrogen.

Voinovskie sources located in the middle reaches of the river. Mutnovskaya (right tributary of the Zhirovaya River) at its exit from the gorge, 18 km east of the Volk. Gorely. The springs come out on a low floodplain and in the riverbed. Over 400 m, there are 5 groups of springs with a maximum temperature of 84-93 o C. The chemical composition of water is chloride-sulfate sodium with a total mineralization of 0.9 g / l and a silica content of up to 165 mg / l. Lithium, boron, and arsenic were found in increased amounts in water.

Bath thermal springs

Big-Banny springs have been known since S.P. Krasheninnikov visited them (1737-1740). They are located on the floodplain terrace of the left bank of the river. Bannaya and are represented by 24 groups on a thermal area of about 1.5 km. There are more than 550 boiling, bubbling, gushing, sometimes with a geyser regime, concentrated, less often scattered outlets of thermal water, as well as mud boilers. The walls of individual griffins and the areas around them are covered with geyserite. The past activity of these sources is evidenced by powerful slabs of geyserite, exposed above the water's edge in the river. Banna. The chemical composition of the water sources is predominantly sulfate sodium with a total mineralization of 0.7-1.4 g/l with a silica content of up to 300 mg/l. The composition of the spontaneous gas is dominated by nitrogen and CO 2 . Boron and arsenic are present in very small amounts in water and geyserite.

Small Bath Springs are located 5 km from Bolshe-Bannykh, also in the upper reaches of the river. Bannoy (left bank), on the right bank of the river. Small Key. Visible outlets of hot water with a temperature of up to 76 ° C are concentrated on a small area (about 36 m 2), from where a warm stream begins. In places of thermal water outlets, effusions of white salts (sulphates and geyserite) form on the pebbles, and around the outlets - ordinary thermophilic algae. The chemical composition of the water, like that of the Bolshe-Banny springs, is sodium sulfate.

Apachinsky thermal springs

are located in the river valley. Shikova, 15 km southeast of the village. Apache. On the left bank of the river, hot springs at the exit points formed four depressions with a diameter of 2-4 m and a depth of 1-2 m, at the bottom of which 2-3 jets of hot water with a temperature of 56-72 o C come out.

The chemical composition of the water is bicarbonate-chloride sodium with a mineralization of 0.7-0.8 g/l and a silica content of up to 110 mg/l. Boron, lithium, iron, and aluminum are present in small amounts in water. The composition of the spontaneous gas is nitrogen.

Pushchino springs

are located in the river valley. Kashkan (right tributary of the Kamchatka River), 18 km south of the village. Pushchino and 90 km from the village. Milkovo, Here, for 200 m, on a high floodplain, there are 6 groups of springs, consisting of many small outcrops depositing hydrocarbonate sediment (travertine). 1.5 km from the Pushchino springs there are several more scattered outlets of thermal water (Kashkansky springs). The temperature of the thermal waters of the Pushchino springs is 23-42 o C. The water of the springs is hydrocarbonate-chloride-sodium siliceous (155 mg/l) with a total mineralization of 6.3 g/l. The uniqueness of the waters is that they contain up to 25 mg/l of bromine. These are the only springs in Kamchatka with such a high content. The composition of the gas is carbon dioxide. In terms of the general composition of water and precipitation from the waters, the Pushchino springs are close to the springs of the Schapinsky graben and the Nalychevo basin.

Malkinsky thermal springs

located in a picturesque area 5 km east of the village. Malki, on the left bank of the river. Klyuchovki (left tributary of the Bystraya River). The river valley here is 0.4-0.5 km wide and is bounded on both sides by hills overgrown with stone birch forest. On a small thermal site covered with pebbles, there are 6 groups of griffins, in which the thermal water of the springs mixes with the cold water of the river. The waters of the springs are bicarbonate-chloride-sulfate sodium with a total mineralization of up to 0.7 g/l, containing silicic acid (120 mg/l), metaboric and arsenic acid (0.1 mg/l), as well as bromine in a small amount. The composition of the gas is nitrogen.

Nachikinskiye sources

located in the river valley. Plotnikova, 1.5 km north of the village. Nachiki (90 km from the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky), at the foot of the city of Zerkaltse Nachikinskoe. The main group of springs is located on the high terrace of the river. Plotnikova (right bank) and covers an area of 200x75 m. In total, there are 2 large and about 60 small springs with water temperatures in them from 27 to 80 ° C. The thermal site is swampy, covered with thermophilic algae and mud formations. The waters of the sources are chloride-sulfate sodium with a mineralization of 1.2 g/l, contain silicic (100 mg/l) and meta-boric (20 mg/l) acids, fluorine (2 mg/l), arsenic (0.6 mg/l). l), bromine (0.1 mg/l), zinc (0.07 mg/l), lithium (0.08 mg/l). The composition of the gas is nitrogen. On the basis of thermal springs, the Nachiki sanatorium operates all year round.

Opal springs

located on the right bank of the nameless left tributary of the river. Left Opala, about 3 km from its mouth and 4 km east of the characteristic height of 536 m for these places. The springs are located in a birch forest on a flat, slightly inclined surface. They are represented by 4 high-yielding (up to 25 l / s) griffins per abs. height of about 300 m. Griffins are located in 2 sources of the thermal stream and are 100 m apart from each other. Left Opala is 500 m. Intensive gassing is observed. The water temperature in all griffins is 72-74 o C. The composition of the water is chloride-sulfate-sodium, the total mineralization is 0.4 g / l. Nitrogen predominates in the gas composition. Approximately 200 m from the source of the thermal stream with griffins, where the water cools down to 44-45 ° C, a cozy bath with a sandy bottom is arranged on the left side.

Khodutka thermal springs

are located in the southeast of Kamchatka in the valley of the river. Right Khodutki, 4 km northwest of Khodutka and Priemysh volcanoes. The unloading of the Khodutkinsky term occurs on the leveled surface of the first floodplain left-bank terrace of the river. Right Khodutka from alluvial deposits, represented by pebbles, cemented by deposits of salts from sources, mainly silica. Numerous outlets (and there are more than 22) of thermal water form a hot river 1 km long, 15-20 m wide and up to 1.5 m deep, which flows into the river. Right Walker.

Most of the springs are confined to the coastline of the river. Hot, there are many exits of thermal water and at the bottom of the river, where they are fixed by the released gas bubbles. At the bottom of the river there are also 2 main pulsating griffins, knocking out of funnel-shaped depressions, water enters them in pulsations with strong pressure, giving the impression of boiling, although the maximum temperature measured on the surface of the river in this place did not exceed 55 ° C. Total from the thermal site R. Takes out hot in the river. Right Walker 115 l/s. High-temperature outcrops are well distinguished by the development of orange thermophilic algae near the banks of the river with a siliceous sediment on their surface. The most common water temperature is 55-77 o C. The water in the river. Hot has a temperature of 49 o C (in the upper reaches) to 37 o C (at the mouth). To the north-northeast of the river. Hot soil on an area of 250x500 m 2 is warmed up. Here there are funnel-shaped depressions, dry and with water, with soil or water temperatures in them from 30 to 74 o C. In this area, slabs-covers of geyserite are exposed, in places sprinkled with ash during the volcanic eruption. Ksudacha in 1907

According to the chemical composition, the waters of the Khodutka thermal baths are hydrocarbonate-chloride sodium with a low total mineralization (0.5 g / l), with a silica content of up to 90 mg / l. Spontaneous gas sources are represented mainly by nitrogen, the content of carbon dioxide is up to 5 vol.%.

Ksudachin sources

are located in the Shtyubel crater on the Volk. Ksudache on northwest coast oz, Key, forming the Hot Beach. The heated area stretches for a distance of up to 200 m. Key. There is a bath at the thermal site. The water temperature is 30-70 o C. The composition of the water is hydrocarbonate-sulfate calcium-sodium with a total mineralization of 0.6-0.8 g/l, the content of silicic acid is 160 mg/l.

Ozernovskiye springs

are on the left bank of the river. Lake, 16 km from the mouth and 12 km from the village. Ozernovsky. 7 large and several small outlets of thermal water are located on a high terrace and in the slope of the valley. The springs have a bath-pool. The water temperature is 65-85 o C. The composition of the water is sulphate-sodium with a total mineralization of 1.3 g/l and a silica content of up to 120 mg/l. Of the rare components in water, boron, fluorine, bromine, and lithium are present. The composition of the gas is dominated by nitrogen (80 vol.%), methane is present in a significant amount (up to 19 vol.%), and there is hydrogen sulfide.

Kuril sources

are located on the northeastern shore of the lake. Kurilsky, at the foot of Volk. Ilyinsky. There are three groups of springs here, consisting of scattered, less often concentrated outlets of water with a temperature of up to 45 o C.

Pauzhetskiye thermal springs

are located at the northwestern foot of the Kambalny Range in the valley of the river. Pauzhetki - the left tributary of the river. Lake. The Pauzhetsky thermal field is a section of the floodplain with an area of 0.3 km2. Before the exploration and exploitation of the deposit, there were 2 geysers, several steaming and pulsating springs, a large number of shallow thermal water outlets, and a mud lake. At present, the regime of all thermal manifestations has been disturbed, the nature of the outlets of thermal waters has changed, which, merging, form several warm streams. The same forms of manifestation of thermal waters are observed on the high right-bank terrace (Upper field) and in the gorges of the Bystry and Termalny streams, but boiling boilers with steam jets predominate here. The temperature of the water in the springs is 80-100 o C. According to the chemical composition, the thermal waters of the Pauzhetsky springs are chloride sodium siliceous (120-180 mg/l) with a total mineralization of 2.7-3.4 g/l. The gas composition is nitrogen-carbon dioxide.

Flounder steam jets

Severo-Kambalnye steam jets appear in three areas. The thermal field of the first group of the North Kambalny steam jets is located on the right slope in the upper reaches of the left sources of the stream. Difficult, almost at the very bottom on the abs. elev. 950 m. The thermal field of the second group is located on the slopes and in the thalweg of the upper tributary of the brook. Fumarolnogo, flowing to the right into the river. Pauzhetka. Abs. elev. outlets - 900 m. Etamynk. Each of these thermal fields, in turn, has several sections. All are characterized by steam jets, boiling water and mud boilers, heated floating areas and vast areas changed to clay rocks, painted in different colors.

South Kambalnye steam jets are concentrated in the areas of two thermal fields, the first of which is located at the head of the right branch of the Etamynk river, which flows into the lake. Kuril. Abs. elev. outlets of steam jets - about 1000 m. The second thermal field is located in the valley of the left tributary of the stream. Crater, in the bottom and on the slopes of the crater-shaped bowl. Abs. elev. exits - about 900 m. These fields are characterized by all those forms of thermal manifestations that are observed in the thermal fields of the North Kambalny steam jets. The chemical composition of the steam jet condensate is sulphate-ammonium, sulphate-calcium with a mineralization of 0.3-1.1 g/l. The composition of the gas is CO 2, CH 4, S0 2, H 2 S.

Thermal baths of the Koshelev volcanic massif

The Koshelev thermal fields are 12-18 km away from the Pauzhetskiye thermal springs in a straight line and are confined to the western slope of the Koshelevskiy volcanic massif, located in the south of Kamchatka near the coast of Okhotsk. The largest of them are the Verkhne and Nizhne-Koshelev steam hydrotherms.

Verkhne-Koshelevskiye terms, known to the local population as the Thundering Springs, are a large number of very powerful gas-steam jets that break out of the crevices with a loud whistle and roar. In calm weather, a column of steam above the thermal sites rises above the peaks of the massif and is visible for tens of kilometers. The baths are located in a basin at an altitude of about 1250 m above sea level. Kot wine is surrounded on three sides by pointed rocky ridges with numerous snowfields on steep slopes, its bottom is relatively flat only in the places where thermae emerge. Strongly heated areas are free of snow throughout the year. Large sections of the slopes of the basin and individual peaks of the massif are composed of rocks altered by steam jets, colored in bright yellow, orange and red tones. There are more than 40 jets of superheated steam (120-150 o C) with a steam flow rate of up to 100 m/s on the area of the thermal field. Some jets are knocked out right in the bed of the stream, forming fountains up to 3 m high. In places, the entire surface soars and boils, since the number of smaller steam jets in the thermal field is in the hundreds. Where steam jets are poured surface waters or its own condensate, boiling funnels, small lakes, mud pots are formed.

Nizhne-Koshelevskiye steam hydrotherms are located on the gentle slope of the Western Volcano of the Koshelev volcanic massif at elevations of 750-800 m. They are located at the bottom and on the northern gentle slope of the ravine, which stretches in the latitudinal direction. The most characteristic here are large boiling funnels, mud pots. In elevated areas, jets of steam are knocked out, including quite powerful ones. In the eastern part there are hot springs and a warm lake. In the vicinity of the Nizhne-Koshelevskiye and Verkhne-Koshelevskiye thermal baths, several groups of warm springs are observed at a distance of 1.5-2.5 km.

The chemical composition of the Koshelev gas-steam jets does not fundamentally differ from the composition of the Semyachinsky, Kambalny or Severo-Mutnovsky ones. Steam condensates are weakly acidic, slightly mineralized hydrocarbonate-ammonium or hydrocarbonate-sodium composition. The gas composition in both thermal fields is dominated by CO 2 , but the gas composition of the Upper Koshelevskiye thermal fields contains more hydrogen sulfide (17-24 vol.%), while the Nizhne-Koshelevskiye thermals contains more methane (CH 4 = 11-14 vol.%).

Thermal springs of the Kirevna river valley

The valley of the river abounding with thermal manifestations. Kirevny is located in the spurs of the Sredinny Ridge. In the valley for 20 km there are 5 groups of thermal springs of different abundance, temperatures, but similar chemical composition (Upper-Kireunsky, Middle-Kireunsky, or Small Key, Crocodile Tears and Epepka). The area is a plateau cut by the canyons of the rivers Left, Middle and Right Kirevna and their tributaries, originating on the slopes of the Volk. Alney.

Upper Kireun springs are located in the canyon-like valley of the stream, Termal, which flows into the river. Middle Kirevna, 2 km west of its confluence with Right Kirevna. Over 800 m, sections are distinguished depending on the nature of the outlet of thermal water, its temperature and the location of the sources (from top to bottom along the Termalny stream): the upper section with boiling griffins and concentrated jets; a section of the bathroom group, where striated and funnel-shaped griffins are located at the foot of the terrace on both banks of the stream; area of flooded geysers-boilers; area of low-drainage and drainless griffins; area of the lower seething griffins. Each of the sites is interesting and captivates attention with the activity of the sources. Particularly interesting is the site of cauldrons-geysers, where bubbles of steam and gas periodically rise from the depths of huge blue griffins, causing dull bursts. In total, there are about 100 springs on the thermal area with a maximum temperature in boiling gryphons of 98-99 o C, which corresponds to the boiling point at a height of 450 m, where the springs are located.

The spring water is sodium chloride with a total mineralization of up to 2 g/l. The largest number silicic acid (207 mg/l) and metaboric acid (96 mg/l) are found in endorheic gryphons. Near the boiling griffins, geyserite brushes are formed on the stones, manganese oxides are deposited in the walls of the lower boiling griffins, and iron oxides are deposited in the bed of the thermal stream. The water and sediments from the waters contain such microcomponents as arsenic, nickel, antimony, tin, vanadium, strontium, and mercury. Sources are carbonated. The composition of the spontaneous gas is 95 vol.% nitrogen, 5 vol.% - carbon dioxide.

Among the sources of the Kireunskaya Valley, the group of Upper Kireunsky sources is the most famous and most popular. There are legends about the healing of these springs among the local population since the time of their description by S.P. Krasheninnikov.

Middle Kireun springs are located downstream. Thermal, 2 km from the Upper Kireunsky. Here, on a thermal site measuring 250x90 m, there are about 50 weakly oozing springs with a temperature of 50-70 ° C. The water in the springs is sodium chloride siliceous (up to 200 mg / l), contains metaboric acid (up to 98 mg / l), with a total mineralization at 1.7 g / l. Springs do not carbonate. On the thermal platform on both banks of the stream. Thermal, powerful geyserite sinter terraces are formed. Downstream the river. There are three more groups of thermal springs in Kirevna.

Springs of Crocodile Tears located on the left bank of the river. Kirevna, 0.5 km north of the confluence of the Middle and Left Kirevna and 7 km downstream from the Sredne-Kireunskie springs. They represent a single funnel-shaped exit with a temperature of 36 ° C, from which a small thermal stream flows with a flow rate of 3.5 l / s. The springs are located in a clearing, which is topographic map in shape it resembles a crocodile, and the griffin is, as it were, in place of the eye, hence the name of the source.

8 km from the source of Crocodile Tears, downstream, on the left bank, there is a source called Epepka by the local population, with a water temperature of 42-47 ° C and a flow rate of 2.5 l / s.

Among these three groups, the Nyukne-Kireun springs are the best known. or Small Key. They are located in the floodplain and on the slope of the right bank of the river. Kirevny, 20 km downstream from the Verkhne-Kireunsky springs and 2 km from the Epepka springs. They are a series of disconnected outlets with a temperature of 63-67 ° C on a thermal area 200 m long. Hunters equipped a bath at the springs and built a small house.

Water in all three groups of sources is sodium chloride with a high content of metaboric acid (up to 98 mg/l) and with a total mineralization of 1.5-2.5 g/l. The springs are aerated, the composition of the gas is carbon dioxide-nitrogen.

Thermal springs of the Esso - Anavgay region

Anavgai (Og. Sichan) sources are located in the river valley. Swift at the foot of the 5m terrace ledge. Over 180 m, there are several springs with water temperatures from 22 to 65 o C. The composition of the water is sulphate calcium-sodium with a total mineralization of 0.7-1.3 g/l. The water contains a small amount of silicic acid, boron, arsenic. The composition of the gas is nitrogen with a small admixture of CO 2 . At this geothermal field and in its vicinity, 11 wells were drilled with a depth of 480 to 810 m. The wells revealed thermal waters with a temperature of 69 ° C, all of them with self-flow and with flow rates above 10 l / s.

Esso thermal springs are located in the river valley. Uksichan (left tributary of the Bystraya River), 2 km from the mouth. On the floodplain and the first terrace above the floodplain, there are 6 large concentrated outflows of thermal water over a distance of 2 km. The temperature of the water in the springs is 30-52-65 o C. The waters of the springs are sulphate calcium-sodium with a total mineralization of 1-1.5 g/l, with a silica content of 60-100 mg/l. The composition of the gas is nitrogen with a small admixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide.

Bystrinsky thermal springs are located in the river valley. Rapid 8 km southeast of the village. Anavgay. Sometimes they are called Anavgai. There are several ascending springs at the bottom and along the banks of a lake with an area of 30x8 m, located on a floodplain terrace 8-10 m high Above the water line in the river. The temperature of the water in the springs is up to 43 o C. The composition of the water is sodium sulfate with a mineralization of 2.3 g/l, the content of silicic acid is about 30 mg/l. A small content of arsenic (0.2-0.5 mg/l) was found in the water.

Oksinsky thermal springs located on the steep terraced left bank of the river. Anavgay in the lower part of the slope of Chempura and 13 km southwest of Kreruk. Two groups of exits (east and west) are located at a distance of 100 m from each other. The thermal platform is covered with powerful travertines (up to 7 m), in which artificial baths are cut. The temperature of the water in the springs is 30-58 o C. The composition of the water is hydrocarbonate sodium and sulfate sodium with a total mineralization of 1.7-3.1 g/l, with a high content of silicic acid (up to 170 mg/l) and metaboric acid (up to 90 mg/l). l).

Kozyrevskiye thermal springs

confined to the foot of the 1.5-meter right-bank floodplain terrace of the river. Kozyrevki (abs. elev. exit 570 m). Three well-marked gryphons are observed here over 10-15 m. The maximum temperature in them is 54 o C. 5 km down the river valley, on the right bank, there is another exit of thermal waters. The springs here are located on a terrace with a height of T m. Over a distance of 10 m, both seepage of thermal water and individual concentrated exits are observed. The maximum temperature is 21 o C. The composition of the water of both groups of springs is chloride-sulfate calcium-sodium with a mineralization of up to 1.2 g / l.

If you have never swum in hot springs Kamchatka Territory then you have lost a lot. Immersion in the source is truly an unforgettable experience and an indescribable feeling. Such procedures charge with energy and strength, relieve fatigue and increase vitality. Many of the springs are well-equipped pools. They work outdoors all year round. Others are considered wild, which in principle does not make them less visited. Kamchatka thermal springs are another wealth of the region, which nature has endowed it with. Their existence here is due to the abundance of volcanoes.

Hot springs of the Nalychevskaya valley

In the Nalychevo Valley there are hot springs of Kamchatka, accessible for visiting all year round, but still little mastered by man. The area in which the springs are concentrated is an intermountain basin, which is overgrown with stone birch. It is surrounded by the majestic peaks of still active and extinct volcanoes. There are 7 groups of hot and cold springs in the valley. The area is suitable for visiting tourists who can live in houses.

Talovskie sources

Along the left bank of the Vershinsky river Nalychevsky natural park 3 groups of springs are located, the water temperature in which maintains a constant temperature of 38 degrees. Springs of Kamchatka highly mineralized, which is why they deposit a large amount of red sediment. The combination of the greenery of the surrounding forest and the red deposits create a spectacular picture.

Aag mineral springs

Among tourists, the Aag mineral springs are called "Aag Narzans". They lie at the foot of the inactive volcano Aag. The site with springs is located at the bottom of the valley of the source of the Shumnaya River. The path to them is incredibly picturesque. Among the stones, covered with a white coating of mineral deposits, cold water breaks through in thin streams. Some of them break out in the form of small fountains, others are more calm. The water in them has a slightly sour taste, with a slight smell of sulfur compounds.

Timonovskie hot springs

There is a legend about the seriously ill elder Timon, who was one of the first clergymen of the 18th century who preached the Christian faith in Kamchatka. Once he was offered to cure an illness in hot water, which was allegedly heated by spirits. Timon agreed to try his luck. People took him to the bear's corner, leaving him there alone. A little time passed and in the spring they came to visit Father Timon, to check if he was alive. To their great surprise, he was not only alive, but still healthy and strong. That is why people mistook him for a saint and consecrated everything in the area with his name. Whether this story is true, or a simple give, no one can confirm, but the fact that the waters in this area are especially useful is a fact. Here it is useful to take common baths, as well as to use water for drinking. You can stay in cottages.

Khodutka thermal springs

At the foot of the extinct volcanoes Priemysh and Khodutka, one of the most beautiful places Khodutka hot springs of Kamchatka are located. Some of the largest springs are located right in the volcanic funnel. Water flows out of numerous holes, which forms a stream. Keys are “scattered” throughout the meadow, which, when gathered together, turn this stream into a whole river, the depth of which is 1.5 meters and the width is almost 30 meters. At the very base of the griffins, the water temperature is high, and is 80 degrees, the temperature gradually decreases with the flow. These springs of Kamchatka have become a famous natural monument, which more and more people come to visit every year.

Zhirovaya bay, Zhirovaya river, Zhirovsky hot springs

Mountain, tundra, sea landscapes of the Zhirovaya River region attract attention with a variety of rare species of flora and fauna. The air here is transparent and clean, and the diverse microclimate and long-term snow cover winter period fuel the interest of tourists to this fabulous place. Health tourism is well developed here. Here, in the valley with two thermal springs, fishermen and hunters come to rest and be treated. These springs of Kamchatka are located only 10 km from the ocean coast.

Vilyuchinsky hot springs

These Kamchatka springs lie at the very foot of the Vilyuchinsky volcano. Thanks to this, the Vilyuchinskaya Valley looks even more picturesque. In addition, the slope offers a view of the ocean bays.

Dacha hot springs

To the north of the Mutny volcano, near the Rocky hill, one can observe the Dacha hot springs Kamchatka. They are made up of several groups scattered in hollows and ravines. The largest of them can be called the western group, which is located in a large ravine. Steam flows on the slope of the volcano, and powerful steam-water fountains break out from its bottom. These sources take out the most heat from the depths of the hydrothermal Mutnovsky basin, so a geothermal power plant was built very close by.

Bath thermal springs

Banny thermal springs are hot springs of Kamchatka, located in the upper reaches of the Banny River. These are one of largest places origin of mineral waters. The thermal water in these springs is curative.
Except wellness procedures here you can have a good rest. In winter you can travel by snowmobile, in summer you can go on foot and on quad bikes. The path runs through Nakchinskoe - one of the many lakes in the region. On the western side, the Khazlan ridge adjoins the lake, with eastern edge- Bystrinsky Ridge. The inactive volcano Vazhkazhets is also located here, a natural monument, the height of which is more than 1500 m.