Satellite view of the Pacific Garbage Patch. Giant garbage island of the Pacific Ocean. The concentration of plastics in the surface layers of water

Contrary to popular belief, the Great Pacific garbage patch is not a huge island of solid debris floating in the Pacific Ocean, but rather a boundless, almost immeasurable soup of microscopic debris.

Most of this garbage comes from North America or Asia. With the help of ocean currents, debris accumulates in certain areas of the Pacific Ocean.

Several ocean currents converge in the North Pacific Current, which is a system of rotating ocean currents driven by wind and inertial forces.

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is actually made up of two parts:

Great Pacific Garbage Patch Map

• the Western Pacific Garbage Patch, located near Japan;
• The Eastern Pacific Garbage Patch, which lies between the west coast of the United States and the Hawaiian Islands.

microplastic

Small plastic particles

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is made up primarily of microplastics, or microscopic plastic particles. Despite some controversy due to size, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration refers to microplastics as plastic particles less than 5 mm in diameter. They can come from a variety of sources, including cosmetics, clothing, and industrial processes.

There are currently two classifications of microplastics:

• primary microplastics are a direct result of the use of human products;
• recycled microplastics are microscopic plastic particles resulting from the breakdown of larger plastic debris, such as the macroscopic pieces that make up the bulk of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

Both types are known to persist in the environment in large quantities, especially in water and .

Since plastic does not break down for many years, it becomes part of and accumulates in the tissues of many organisms. The entire cycle and movement of microplastics in the environment has not yet been studied, but research is currently underway on this issue.

What does it consist of?

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch consists of:

• Plastics: which is about 80% garbage. Plastic is cheap and one of the most common synthetic materials, and due to its durability and versatility, is popular with people as well as industry. Plastic usually cannot be broken down by living organisms, which means that when it ends up in the ocean, it remains there, degraded and broken into small pieces, but does not disappear completely. Some of the particles are extremely small - these microbeads create a lot of problems for wildlife.
• Large debris: accounting for about 20% of the garbage, mainly come from fishing operations, offshore oil rigs or spills from ships.
• Sunken debris. Recently, oceanographers have calculated that up to 70% of marine debris is not on the surface, but at the bottom of the ocean.

Environmental impact

The impact of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is massive and catastrophic. Maritime wild nature most susceptible negative consequences. A few examples include:

• Sea turtles mistakenly prey on plastic bags, mistaking them for jellyfish or other marine prey.
• Albatrosses and other seabirds that accidentally eat bits of plastic die from starvation and dehydration.
• Seals and other marine mammals are often caught in abandoned fishing nets.
• Filter feeders consume plastic particles instead of regular plankton or fish eggs.

Floating plastic can also prevent sunlight on plankton or algae, microscopic organisms that are at the base of the entire sea. If the amount of plankton decreases, the animals that eat it, such as turtles or fish, will also decrease in number. The decline in turtle and fish populations will affect the abundance of top predators such as sharks and whales.

Impact on human life:

• If marine food webs are disrupted, fish and other seafood will become less available to humans or more expensive.
• Plastic contains chemicals such as bisphenol A that cause environmental and human health problems. PCBs are known to be found in plastic and can accumulate to toxic levels in marine ecosystems and in people who eat seafood.

Possible solutions to the problem

Scientists have studied the Great Pacific Garbage Patch and found several effective solutions to clean up the ocean. However, the main problem is that this polluted area is quite large and far from the coast, so no country in the world has started cleaning it up. The Pacific Ocean is too deep to go to the bottom, and the nets are small to catch debris, and they can be unintentionally caught. Marine life. Scientists agree that the best solution to clean up the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is to reduce the use of plastic and encourage the use of biodegradable and reusable materials.

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The Great Pacific Garbage Patch: Preventing Pollution of the Planet

• Popular science

Probably, few people have heard of this phenomenon, but this is not surprising. It's easy for the human race to forget their mistakes and sweep the rubbish under the rug. So, about garbage - did you know that there is a Great Pacific Garbage Patch, it is also the Eastern Garbage Continent, it is also the Pacific Garbage Patch? This is a collection of debris in the North Pacific Ocean. Garbage created, of course, by people. In ancient times, the ocean seemed endless, it was not possible to overcome it in a few days, therefore distant shores and the waters have always been inhabited by various monsters. Those times are gone, there are only white spots left, but humanity still thinks that their planet is so huge that it will endure any treatment.

Many scientists are sounding the alarm, calling for a reduction in CO 2 emissions, which, in their opinion, lead to the greenhouse effect and global warming, which threatens to flood many coastal regions with water from the melted poles. Others report the problem of launching satellites into orbit due to the huge amount of debris accumulated there and the spent satellites of the old generation. But few pay attention to another danger - the world's oceans can hardly cope with the millions of tons of plastic garbage that has been accumulating there for the past fifty years.

This problem was first predicted back in 1988 by researchers from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in the United States. And the existence of a garbage patch was made public by Charles Moore, a California Navy captain and oceanographer, whose articles described this phenomenon. Sailing through the North Pacific Current System after participating in the regatta, Moore discovered a huge accumulation of debris on the surface of the ocean. He reported his find to oceanographer Curtis Ebbesmeyer, who later named the area the "Eastern Garbage Continent".

A spot is formed by established currents that swirl around a specific area. Its exact size is unknown. Approximate estimates of the area vary from 700 thousand to 15 million km² or more (from 0.41% to 8.1% total area Pacific Ocean). There are probably more than a hundred million tons of garbage in this area. It is known that plastic decomposes very poorly, in the ocean it simply floats near the surface, gradually breaking down physically and breaking up into small fragments, but not degrading chemically.

Ocean animals eat pieces of plastic, confusing it with plankton, and thus it enters the food chain - if the animals do not die of suffocation or starvation after eating plastic. In addition to causing direct harm to animals, floating wastes can absorb organic pollutants from the water, including PCBs, DDTs and PAHs. Some of these substances are not only toxic - their structure is similar to the hormone estradiol, which leads to hormonal failure in a poisoned animal. The consequences of these phenomena, how they will affect the ecosystem in general and humans in particular, is not even fully understood yet.

Unfortunately, there is neither international recognition of the problem (on the same level as, for example, an agreement on limiting CO 2 emissions into the atmosphere), nor proven technologies for cleaning up the ocean from pollution. In 2008, Richard Owen, a scuba instructor, formed the Environmental Cleanup Coalition (ECC) to tackle pollution in the Pacific North. The ECC organization is calling for the formation of a fleet of ships to clear the water area and the opening of the Gyre Island laboratory for the processing of garbage.

In 2009, the 5 Gyres Institute was formed by oceanographer Dr. Markus Eriksen and his wife Anna Cummins. The Institute is studying the problems of pollution of the World Ocean, already discovered garbage patches, and is also looking for new ones.

In 2014, a team of scientists with the support of National Geographic plied the ocean for nine months, collecting information about ocean pollution and compiling a "plastic" map of the ocean.

In 2014, 19-year-old Bojan Slat, a student at the Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands, introduced an ocean cleanup system with autonomous platforms that float freely in the ocean and catch debris using water barriers. Three years earlier, Slat had been diving off the coast of Greece and was very excited by the fact that there were more packages floating around in the Mediterranean than jellyfish. He decided to devote his life to solving the problem of ocean cleanup, and together with a team of like-minded people, he conducted a comprehensive study and raised more than $ 2 million through crowdfunding to continue the work.

Their method uses natural ocean currents and winds to passively carry debris to a collection platform. Solid floating barriers are then used to trap and concentrate debris from the ocean, eliminating the risk of entanglement for fish and other living creatures that occurs when other methods such as nets collect debris. Although the method is not cheap (it requires about 32 million euros per year to implement), it is many times cheaper than other proposed cleaning methods.

The Ocean Cleanup is constantly accepting donations and volunteers. In November, the organization assembled the second

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch (Eng. Eastern Garbage Patch - Eastern Garbage Continent) is a huge accumulation of garbage in the North Pacific Ocean. The slick is made up of plastic and other man-made waste that has been swept up by the circulating current in the North Pacific Ocean. Despite its size and considerable density, the spot is not visible on satellite photographs because it is composed of small particles. Besides most of debris floats in a slightly sunken state, hiding under water.

The existence of a garbage continent was theoretically predicted back in 1988. The forecast was based on data obtained in Alaska between 1985 and 1988. A study of the amount of drifting plastic in the surface waters of the North Pacific revealed that areas subject to certain ocean currents accumulate a lot of debris. Data for Sea of ​​Japan allowed researchers to speculate that similar accumulations could be found in other parts of the Pacific Ocean, where prevailing currents contribute to the formation of a relatively calm water surface. In particular, scientists pointed to the North Pacific system of currents. A few years later, the existence of a huge garbage patch was documented by Charles Moore, a California captain and sea explorer. Sailing through the North Pacific Current System after participating in the regatta, Moore discovered a huge accumulation of debris on the surface of the ocean. Captain Moore reported his find to oceanographer Curtis Ebbesmeyer, who later named the area the Eastern Garbage Continent. The fact of the existence of a garbage patch has attracted the attention of the public and scientific circles after the publication of several articles by Charles Moore. Since then, a large garbage patch has been considered largest example human pollution of the marine environment.

Like other areas of the world's oceans with a high content of garbage, the great Pacific garbage patch was formed by ocean currents, gradually concentrating garbage thrown into the ocean in one area. The garbage patch occupies a large, relatively stable area in the north Pacific Ocean, bounded by the North Pacific Current System (an area often referred to as "horse latitudes", or latitudes of the calm belt). The system's whirlpool collects debris from throughout the North Pacific, including the coastal waters of North America and Japan. Waste is picked up by surface currents and gradually moves to the center of the whirlpool, which does not release garbage beyond its limits.

The exact size of the large spot is unknown. It is impossible to estimate its size from the ship, and the stain is not visible from the aircraft. Most of the information about a garbage patch can only be gleaned from theoretical calculations. Estimates of its area vary from 700 thousand to 15 million km² or more (from 0.41% to 8.1% of the total area of ​​the Pacific Ocean). There are probably more than a hundred million tons of garbage in this area. There are also suggestions that the garbage continent consists of two combined sites.

According to Charles Moore's calculations, 80% of the garbage in the slick comes from land sources, 20% is thrown from the decks of ships in the open sea. Moore argues that waste from east coast Asia move to the center of the whirlpool in about five years, and with west coast North America - in a year or less.

A garbage patch is not a continuous layer of debris floating on the surface itself. The decomposed plastic particles are mostly too small to be seen visually. For a rough estimate of the density of pollution, scientists examine water samples. In 2001, scientists (including Moore) found that in certain areas of the garbage patch, the concentration of plastic already reached a million particles per square mile. There were 3.34 pieces of plastic per square meter, with an average weight of 5.1 milligrams. In many places in the infected region, the total concentration of plastic exceeded the concentration of zooplankton by seven times. In the samples taken for greater depth, the level of plastic waste was significantly lower (mainly fishing line). Thus, previous observations were confirmed, according to which most of the plastic debris is collected in the upper water layers.

Some plastic particles resemble zooplankton and may be mistaken for food by jellyfish or fish. A large number of hard-to-decompose plastic (bottle caps and rings, disposable lighters) ends up in the stomachs of sea birds and animals, in particular, sea turtles and black-footed albatrosses.

Thus, humanity has once again created a problem for itself. Much of the plastic decomposes very slowly. For example, it takes about two hundred years for the biological decomposition of polyethylene, while polyvinyl chloride releases unsafe products during decomposition. Activities are planned to clean up the surface of the ocean using fleets of specially equipped ships, but this is difficult to implement in practice, and, in addition, the collected garbage still needs to be processed. If we can't solve the problem, we shouldn't at least exacerbate it. The first thing to do is to reduce the flow of garbage into the ocean and increase the production of packaging from biodegradable plastics.

“Great Pacific Garbage Patch”, “Pacific Trash Vortex”, “North Pacific Gyre”, “Pacific Garbage Island”, as soon as they do not call this giant island from garbage that grows at a gigantic pace. The garbage island has been talked about for more than half a century, but little action has been taken. Meanwhile, irreparable damage is being done to the environment, and entire species of animals are dying out. There is a high probability that the moment will come when nothing can be fixed. So, read more about the problem of ocean pollution below

In addition to the topic of the most polluted cities in the world, I suggest you familiarize yourself with another egregious case of environmental pollution.

Pollution has been around since the invention of plastic. On the one hand, an irreplaceable thing that has made life incredibly easier for people. Facilitated until the plastic product is thrown away: plastic decomposes for more than a hundred years, and thanks to ocean currents it gets lost in huge islands. One such island is larger than american state Texas floats between California, Hawaii and Alaska - millions of tons of garbage. The island is growing rapidly, with ~2.5 million pieces of plastic and other debris dumped into the ocean every day from all continents. Slowly decomposing, plastic causes serious harm to the environment. Birds, fish (and other ocean dwellers) suffer the most. Plastic waste in the Pacific Ocean kills more than a million seabirds a year, as well as more than 100,000 seabirds. marine mammals. Syringes, lighters and toothbrushes are found in the stomachs of dead seabirds - birds swallow all these items, mistaking them for food.

Garbage Island has been growing rapidly since about the 1950s due to the peculiarities of the North Pacific current system, the center of which, where all the garbage ends up, is relatively stationary. According to scientists, at present, the mass of the garbage island is more than three and a half million tons, and the area is more than a million square kilometers. The "island" has a number of unofficial names: "Great Pacific Garbage Patch", "Eastern Garbage Patch", "Pacific Trash Vortex", etc. In Russian it is sometimes called also a "garbage iceberg". In 2001, the mass of plastic exceeded the mass of zooplankton in the island zone by six times.

This huge pile of floating garbage - in fact, the largest dumping ground on the planet - is held in one place by the influence of undercurrents that have eddies. The "soup" strip stretches from a point about 500 nautical miles off the coast of California through northern part the Pacific Ocean past Hawaii and narrowly misses distant Japan.

The American oceanologist Charles Moore, the discoverer of this "great Pacific garbage patch", also known as the "garbage cycle", believes that about 100 million tons of floating rubbish are circling in this region. Markus Eriksen, director of science at Algalita Marine Research Foundation (USA), founded by Moore, said yesterday: "Initially, people assumed that this is an island of plastic debris that you can almost walk on. This representation is inaccurate. The consistency of the stain is very similar to soup made of plastic. It is simply endless - perhaps twice the area of ​​​​the continental United States. " The history of the discovery of the garbage patch by Moore is quite interesting:

14 years ago, young playboy and yachtsman Charles Moore, the son of a wealthy chemical magnate, decided to take a vacation in the Hawaiian Islands after a session at the University of California. At the same time, Charles decided to try out in the ocean and his new yacht. To save time, I swam straight ahead. A few days later, Charles realized that he swam into the trash.

“During the week, whenever I went on deck, some plastic junk floated by,” Moore wrote in his book Plastics are Forever? - I could not believe my eyes: how could we pollute such a huge water area? I had to swim through this garbage dump day after day, and there was no end in sight ... "

Swimming through tons of household waste turned Moore's life upside down. He sold all his shares and, with the proceeds, founded the environmental organization Algalita Marine Research Foundation (AMRF), which began to study the ecological state of the Pacific Ocean. His reports and warnings were often brushed aside and not taken seriously. Probably, a similar fate would have awaited the current AMRF report, but here nature itself helped environmentalists - January storms threw more than 70 tons of plastic garbage onto the beaches of the islands of Kauai and Niihau. They say that the son of the famous French oceanographer Jacques Cousteau, who went to Hawaii to shoot a new film, almost got a heart attack at the sight of these mountains of garbage. However, plastic not only ruined the lives of vacationers, but also led to the death of some birds and sea turtles. Since then, the name Moore has not left the pages of the American media. Last week, the founder of AMRF warned that if consumers do not limit the use of plastic that is not recycled, in the next 10 years the surface area of ​​"junk soup" will double and become a threat not only to Hawaii, but to all countries of the Pacific Rim.

But in general, they try to “not notice” the problem. After all, the landfill does not look like an ordinary island, in its consistency it resembles a “soup” - fragments of plastic float in water at a depth of one to hundreds of meters. In addition, more than 70 percent of all plastic that enters here sinks into the bottom layers, so we can’t even imagine exactly how much rubbish can accumulate there. Since the plastic is transparent and lies directly under the surface of the water, the “polyethylene sea” cannot be seen from the satellite. Garbage can only be seen from the bow of the ship or diving into the water with scuba gear. But sea ​​vessels they are not often in this area, because since the days of the sailing fleet, all ship captains have laid routes away from this section of the Pacific Ocean, known for that there is never wind here. In addition, the North Pacific whirlpool is neutral waters, and all the garbage that floats here is nobody's.

Oceanologist Curtis Ebbesmeyer, a leading authority on floating debris, has been monitoring the accumulation of plastic in the oceans for more than 15 years. He compares the garbage cycle with a living being: "It moves around the planet like a large animal off a leash." When this animal approaches land - and in the case of Hawaiian archipelago this is the case – the results are quite dramatic. "When a garbage patch burps, the whole beach is covered in plastic confetti," says Ebbesmeyer.

According to Eriksen, the slowly circulating mass of water, rife with garbage, creates a danger to human health as well. Hundreds of millions of tiny plastic pellets, the raw material of the plastics industry, are lost every year and end up in the sea over time. They pollute environment, acting as a kind of chemical sponge that attracts man-made chemicals such as hydrocarbons and the pesticide DDT. Then this dirt enters the stomachs along with food. "What goes into the ocean ends up in the stomachs of the ocean dwellers and then on your plate. It's very simple"

The main ocean pollutants are China and India. It is considered in the order of things to throw garbage directly into a nearby body of water. Below is a photo that does not make sense to comment.

A powerful North Pacific subtropical whirlpool is located here, formed at the meeting point of the Kuroshio current, the northern trade wind currents and the intertrade countercurrents. The North Pacific whirlpool is a kind of desert in the World Ocean, where the most diverse rubbish has been carried for centuries from all over the world - algae, animal corpses, wood, shipwrecks. This is a real dead sea. Due to the abundance of rotting mass, the water in this area is saturated with hydrogen sulfide, so the North Pacific whirlpool is extremely poor in life - there are no large commercial fish, mammals, or birds. No one but zooplankton colonies. Therefore, fishing vessels do not come here either, even military and merchant ships try to bypass this place, where high atmospheric pressure and fetid calm almost always reign.

Since the beginning of the 50s of the last century, plastic bags, bottles and packaging have been added to rotting algae, which, unlike algae and other organic matter, are poorly biodegradable and do not go anywhere. Today, the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is 90 percent plastic, with a total mass six times that of natural plankton. Today, the area of ​​all garbage patches exceeds even the territory of the United States! Every 10 years, the area of ​​this colossal landfill increases by an order of magnitude.

similar island can also be found in the Sargasso Sea - this is part of the famous bermuda triangle. There used to be legends about an island of shipwrecks and masts that drifts in those waters, now the wooden debris has been replaced by plastic bottles and bags, and nowadays we meet the most real garbage islands. According to Green Peace, more than 100 million tons of plastic products are produced annually in the world and 10% of them end up in the world's oceans. Garbage islands are growing every year faster and faster. And only you and I can stop their growth by abandoning plastic and switching to reusable bags and bags made from biodegradable materials. At the very least, try to at least buy juice and water in glass containers or in tetra packs.

You know, if you look back at your life, you can be very surprised and be knocked down by the huge current of the river of ongoing affairs and events. After all, we have so much to visit here and there, to pay attention to family, friends, and loved ones. In such a turmoil, sometimes there is simply no time to reflect on the cause-and-effect relationships of one’s own actions and the environmental situation that has been created around, not to mention the global environmental issues. The brain just quickly switches to resolution, and the next, and the next ... A kind of recursion, in general. Only sometimes, having caught a frame from a news feed about an environmental disaster that has happened or a raging natural disaster, the heart shudders, and at the very edge of consciousness it is lonely “Why did this happen? Maybe I'm involved in this too?" But most often, this is where our attention to environmental issues ends. There's just no time to think. It is much easier to shift the responsibility even to think on someone else: officials, public utilities, politicians.

Plastic is slowly eating away at the planet

But we are with you, day after day. Indeed, there are a number of objective reasons (for example, separate waste collection is not yet very developed in our country), and there are (and they are of paramount importance) - subjective. Most often it is mental infantilism, laziness, low level, and culture in general. Today I want to introduce you a little to the huge, ownerless, gradually killing the surrounding life and slowly stretching its paws to all life on the planet. Do you think it doesn't concern you? You are wrong.

We all remember from geography lessons that land occupies only 29% of the Earth's surface. Accordingly, 71% falls on the oceans. This is a huge living thing, still not completely studied by man. Unexplored, but already pretty podgazhenny. Gradually killing it, we kill ourselves, because even such water giant anyway, limited. This is proved by the formations formed in the ocean vast areas islands of garbage, around which life is gradually fading away.

It's amazing that no action is being taken to clean up the ocean.

The Pacific Ocean is the most deep ocean in the world. Due to the peculiarities of the currents in its northern part, the so-called garbage spot, consisting of not only solid floating on the surface, but also fragments of 5 * 5 cm in size suspended in the water column. The worst thing is that from year to year the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe “island” is growing at a tremendous pace, and only in the last 40 years has increased 100 times . And now one more clarification - according to UNEP, most of the garbage that got into the ocean (about 70%) sinks. Impressive scale of the tragedy? That is, what we see on the surface is just the tip of the iceberg. And what happens there, at a depth, no one knows.

The accumulation of waste even has its own name. Great Pacific garbage patch, Pacific "garbage swirl", Northern Pacific spiral, Eastern garbage continent with an area of ​​700 thousand to 15 million square meters. km or more (by the way, this is up to 8.1% of the total area of ​​the Pacific Ocean) had the misfortune to form in neutral waters. Accordingly, there is no owner - there is no responsibility, there are no actions and cleansing measures either. Meanwhile, the giant garbage mouth is yawning more and more, being actively fed by ground sources (80%) and garbage from passing ship decks (20%).

And now a little about the consequences. I will clarify about the consequences that have been studied so far.

Plastic waste cannot decompose completely, without a trace, and continues to retain its polymer structure. Depending on the size, various marine organisms begin to eat them, building them into links in the food chain. Let me remind you that at the top of the food chain is a person, and about 20% of the population the globe consumes fish as the main source of protein.

Many marine mammals give birth to one calf, and the pregnancy lasts for a long time. The number of deaths is skyrocketing.

2-3 cm fragments are serious threat respiratory system of whales and other marine mammals. In addition, in old discarded nets and intertwined waste, they often get tangled sea ​​turtles, dolphins, which also reduces their numbers.

Destroying the natural ecosystem, garbage significantly changes the nearby fauna and flora. So, back in 2001, the mass of plastic exceeded the mass of zooplankton in the area of ​​the island by 6 times. Surprisingly, some species managed to adapt and even began to breed abnormally (for example, sea spiders Halobates sericeus).

Unfortunate animals are doomed to a slow painful death

Seabirds feed garbage to their chicks, mistaking it for food. It causes death over a million birds annually, as well as more one hundred thousand marine mammals, after all, swallowed bottle caps, lighters and syringes cannot leave the stomachs of unfortunate victims. If we talk about species diversity, then this is about 44% of all seabirds, about 267 species of marine mammals confusing plastic bags with jellyfish and an innumerable number of fish species. By the way, the same jellyfish get sick and die from swallowed polymer compounds. Let me remind you that in most cases the outcome is the same - lethal, and now think about what changes await the planet if such a huge number of species disappear from its face. Indeed, in nature, even a person cannot even imagine the consequences that dead ocean water will entail.

Maybe it was you who threw away this package?

In addition to the immediate danger from physical impact, garbage also poses a threat to animals of a biological nature. The thing is that waste can accumulate organic pollutants, for example, PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloromethylmethane) and PAHs (polyaromatic hydrocarbons). These substances are not only toxic and carcinogenic, but also similar in structure to the hormone estradiol, which causes hormonal disruption in poisoned animals. By the way, no one will give a guarantee that such a fish will not be on your plate :).

The actual discovery of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch happened in 1997. by Charles J. Moore, however, its formation had been predicted long before by many oceanographers and climatologists. In addition to the Eastern garbage continent, there are four more giant accumulations of garbage in the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans, each of which corresponds to one of the five major systems of ocean currents. Scientists cannot yet say what the real degree of pollution of these parts of the oceans is.

Well, on this note I will end my story. I hope now you will think even more about polyethylene in your life. Yes, it is difficult, yes, it is difficult, but impossible. Remember, each of us, regardless of the country of residence, religion and skin color, So let's increase it, not destroy it!

Here they are, the consequences of human willfulness - mutilated animals