What is the name of the highest mountains in Europe. The highest mountains in the world by continent and country. The highest peaks of the Earth. The Pyrenees - form a natural border between France and Spain

The grandeur and beauty of the mountains are amazing - the natural "Atlantes" inspire people to be creative and heroically conquer distant peaks. The European landscape is not massive, but the extensive list of the highest mountains in Europe confirms that this area also has majestic mountain ranges. European tourism presents to the guests of the Old World not only displays of ancient architectural structures but also visiting unreachable mountain peaks.

Description of the mountains located in Europe

The eastern part of Europe intersects with one of the most extensive continental plains - the East European Plain. The relief of the plain is not distinguished by sharp landscape changes, but contains hills. Between the hills are flat plains - lowlands. The Ural Mountains rise in the northeast of the European part.

The rest of the relief is marked by a variable alternation of medium-height mountains and lowlands. The less pronounced the landscape gradation in this territory, the more contrasting the peak points of the European mountains look.

The list of the highest mountain peaks in Europe traditionally includes the following natural formations:

• Bazarduzu;
• Matterhorn;
• Weishorn;
• Liskamm;
• Dufour;
• Mont Blanc;
• Shkhara;
• Dykhtau;
• Elbrus.

It is worth noting that 5 peaks from the presented list are located on the territory of modern Switzerland and Italy. This fact is due to the fact that the considered sections of the mountains are part of Swiss Alps- the highest and longest mountain range located entirely in Europe. This complex natural system of ridges has existed since ancient times, and the first mention of it was found in literary treatises of the Ancient Rome era.

List of mountains up to 4530 m

The block of natural formations, whose height is less than 4530 m, is included in the well-known list of the highest mountain peaks in Europe. The list of leaders is closed by Mount Bazarduzu (4466 m), located in Azerbaijan. The name of the point in translation from the Turkic language means "approach to the market square". The peculiarity of the elevation is the fact that East End The mountain is surrounded by an ice wall, along which in 1847 the Russian scientist Alexandrov made the first ascent of the mountain.

The ninth place in the list is occupied by the Matterhorn peak (4478 m), which is part of the Pennine Alps. The Matterhorn geographically separates two resorts: Zermat in Switzerland and Breuil-Cervinia in Italy. In 1865, there were volunteer climbers who went to conquer the uncharted peak of Europe. Only two climbers from the group of Eduard Whymper reached the end of the expedition, four other climbers fell into the abyss 3 days before conquering the peak.

The pointed mountain Weisshorn (4506 m) is on the 8th line of the rating. The peak is part of the Pennine Alps and conditionally separates Italy and Switzerland. Most of The ridge is located on the Swiss side. Weishorn was first conquered in 1861. Modern tourists try to avoid this mountain giant because of its unpredictability - avalanches and thawing deposits cause the death of many people.

Mount Liskamm (4527 m), which occupies the seventh position in the list, has a frightening nickname "cannibal". The hill is part of the Alps and lies on the border of Switzerland and Italy. The constant cataclysms that occur in this zone scare tourists away from visiting the high mountain. On this moment on the territory of the hill there are safe routes for people who are fond of mountain tourism.

List of mountain peaks up to 4900 m

The following altitude range includes three representatives of the rating. Peak Dom (4545 m), which has an interesting carved shape, is the sixth in the list of high mountain peaks in Europe. The hill is remarkable in that it is a series of 5 pointed peaks. The flora of the nearby lowlands was studied by the monks of the local temple, but the mountain itself remained unexplored for a long time - only in 1917 did the first skiing up the slope take place.

Fifth place in the list belongs to Mount Dufour (4634 m). Dufour is considered the highest among the peaks of the Swiss Range and is part of the picturesque Monte Rosa massif. The peak got its name in connection with the activities of the French military man Guillaume-Henri Dufour, who was engaged in cartography. The first ascents were made in 1855 by French and English professional climbers.

Mont Blanc (4810 m) is not in the top three, but takes an honorable fourth place in the list of the highest mountains in Europe. This hill is located on the border of Italy and France. The overall natural massif has a length of 50 km. A tunnel was built inside the ridge, connecting the territories neighboring states. Mont Blanc is popular resort, with developed mountain tourism.

Three of the highest mountains in Europe

The Georgian mountain Shkhara (5200 m) is considered an important landmark in the country. It is part of the Caucasus Range. A striking feature of the natural system is that it is accessible for climbing by any part of the tourists - professional rock climbers and amateur climbers. The relief of Shkhara is striking in its beauty - the mountain range includes famous glaciers Bezengi and Shkhara.

Mount Dykhtau (5204 m) is located on the territory of Russia in the lands of the Kabardino-Balkarian Reserve. The pointed peaks of Dykhtau lie in the side ridge Caucasus mountains. The ridge has 3 mountain peaks - Glavny, Vostochny and Pushkin Peak. The first ascent was made in 1888 by foreign climbers. More than 10 tourist routes of varying complexity.

The undisputed leader of the list of the highest mountains is the top of Elbrus, rising to 5642 m above sea level. There are legends about the beauty and grandeur of the nature of Elbrus. Elbrus tops this list and is included in the list of the highest points in the world. In a geological sense, a mountain is extinct volcano lying between the ridges. The snow deposits of Elbrus feed many rivers and reservoirs of the Stavropol and Krasnodar Territory.

Video: Elbrus - the highest mountain in Europe!

We present to your attention a simple comprehensive overview mountains of Europe.

European mountains- great place for active rest. Millions of tourists come here for mountaineering, skiing, hiking, sightseeing. The main mountains of Europe are:

Ural Mountains -form a natural border between Europe and Asia

The mountains are known for their dense coniferous forests and abundant mineral resources and precious stones. Tourists rarely miss the city of Yekaterinburg, which is the starting point for travel in the Ural Mountains. Other major settlements: Chelyabinsk, Magnitogorsk, Nizhny Tagil. Interesting to visit: Kungur, famous ice cave; Nevyansk with an inclined tower; Verkhoturye is an Orthodox center with many architectural monuments; ancient city Arkaim; the most beautiful Taganay mountain range.

Greater Caucasus -between the Black and Caspian Seas

The Caucasus Mountains are famous big amount snow. Largest cities region: Tbilisi - the heart of the Caucasus, Baku, Makhachkala, Vladikavkaz, Sochi. Tourist places: Russian ski resort Dombay; Khor Virap Monastery with stunning views of biblical mountain Ararat; Elbrus region; Vardzia is a cave monastery complex in Georgia.

Carpathians- the largest mountain system in Central Europe

The snowy mountains of the Carpathians are a paradise for skiers, hikers and cyclists. Large settlements: Bratislava and Kosice in Slovakia; Krakow and Rzeszow in Poland; Cluj-Napoca, Sibiu and Brasov in Romania, Miskolc in Hungary.

Alps- heartEurope

The highest mountains Western Europe. Tourists can expect breathtaking scenery and developed infrastructure. The most famous ski resorts are located here: Chamonix in France, Cortina d'Ampezzo in Italy, Davos in Switzerland, Kitzbühel and Seefeld in Austria and hundreds of others. The Alps are visited by more than 50 million tourists a year. Rock climbing, paragliding, mountain biking, hiking are popular in summer; snowboarding, skiing, luge, snowshoeing are popular in the Alps in winter from December to April.

Apennines- pass through Italy

The Apennines are home to two of the most famous volcano: Vesuvius and Etna. It is at the foot of Vesuvius that the city of Pompeii, which died as a result of a volcanic eruption, is a well-preserved peculiar Roman city-museum. Earthquakes happen very often in the southern Apennines.

Pyrenees- form a natural border between France and Spain

These places have a rich cultural heritage: prehistoric cave drawings, stone structures, dolmens, ancient ruins, medieval monasteries, Romanesque churches, majestic castles And magnificent palaces. cultural tourism in the Pyrenees, perhaps the best in Europe.

cantabrian mountains- located in the north of Spain

The Cantabrian mountains create a sharp border between "green Spain" on the coast Bay of Biscay and arid central plateau. Beautiful place for hiking and mountaineering.

scandinavian mountains- system of mountains of the Scandinavian Peninsula

The Scandinavian mountains are not very high, but very steep. Climatic features The region has led to the formation of many glaciers, which, in combination with rocky slopes, have created spectacular landscapes. Formed in glacial period rugged landscape includes forested hills and valleys, mountains, waterfalls, long coastline, indented by fjords, islands and mountains growing right out of the water.

Dinaric Highlandsmountain range in the Balkans

Dinars provide high tourist attraction countries such as Croatia, Montenegro and Serbia. On the coast Adriatic Sea located set international resorts: Split and Dubrovnik in Croatia; Herceg Novi and Budva in Montenegro. The region has many historical and natural attractions.

Balkan mountains- located in Bulgaria

The Balkan Mountains, which gave the name to the entire peninsula, are a continuation of the Carpathians. Mountains stretched from west to east, from Serbia to Black Sea coast Bulgaria. IN Balkan mountains there are numerous mineral springs on the basis of which the resorts operate. Big variety natural attractions determines the development of hiking.

Scottish Highlands- to the north of the island of Great Britain

The Scottish Highlands are a beautiful and inspiring region of ancient landscapes with interesting history. Travelers come here to explore famous lakes, breathtaking beaches and majestic mountain gorges, places of great battles and ancient monuments. Perhaps the most famous attraction in the Scottish Highlands is Loch Ness.

In the area where I come from, there are no mountains and cannot be, hence my special love for them follows. After the plains and steppes look at towering above you mountain- there is a real and genuine delight that is intertwined with a shudder. Every trip, and it does not matter where, I will definitely look for the highest point of this city or country. Now that my eyes are on Europe, I was to learn about the most grandiose, great summit these lands, and now we have to tell you about it.

What is the highest mountain in Europe

Answer to this question cannot be unambiguous, and this is due to the same ambiguous opinions about border of Europe. Some people think that it passes across the Caucasian ridge t, while others are of the opinion that more northern location.

• Elbrus.
• Mont Blanc.

This gives rise to a controversial answer, and two mountains who can claim this title.

A little about mountains

Elbrus, Anyway, - the most high mountain Europe, if it think so y, she herself has two big peaks .The height of the first is five thousand six hundred and forty two meters, A the height of the second is five thousand six hundred and twenty-one meters. And by the way, I almost forgot to remind you: Elbrus yet volcano, and its eruption last time it was about two thousand years ago. Now it snow slopes allow it to be the home of many hikers, climbers, skiers all over the world.

Mont Blanc. If you are a supporter of the second theory about the boundary and consider Caucasian Range part Asia, then Mont Blanc, no doubt, becomes the owner of the title of "the highest mountain in Europe" and its height - four thousand eight hundred ten meters. This miracle of mountain peaks is located on the border of France and Italy, and connect these two countries for a long time road tunnel. Like its counterpart Elbrus, Mont Blanc is just as popular among fans of extreme sports, sliding snowboards, especially cool air and indescribable snow-covered mountain scenes along with a bright dazzling sun.

Many people want to vacation in warm countries, but having visited the ski resorts once, desire to return there remains forever.

The Alps are amazing. In summer, cyclists and paragliders come here, in winter - snowboarders, skiers, and all year round - all lovers beautiful nature.

Despite the fact that the Alps are alone on the planet, they are firmly “settled” in all the mountains of the world: after all, there are alpine meadows on all mountain ranges, be it the Himalayas or the Caucasus Mountains, and there are climbers in all nations.

The Alps are the highest and longest mountains that are located entirely on the territory of Europe (that is, the Caucasus also belongs to Europe, but part of it lies on the territory of Asia). TravelAsk will tell you about the highest peak of these scenic spots.

It is shared by Italy and France

The highest peak in Europe is Mont Blanc.

Its height is 4,810 meters, the peak is located in the western part of the Alps on the border of Italy and France. Each of these countries has the right to call Mont Blanc their national treasure. Near the western foot of Mont Blanc is a popular French ski resort, and near southern foot- Italian Courmayeur.

Today, Mont Blanc is a very popular tourist place, an 11-kilometer tunnel has been cut through the mountain, which connects Italy and France.

The top of Mont Blanc is part of the mountain range of the same name, which includes dozens of other high peaks. The most famous mountains among climbers are the steep Grande Jorasses - this is the most difficult mountain to climb in the Alps. No less popular is the Aiguille du Midi: here begins one of the longest ski slopes. And rises to the peak cable car, which for a long time was one of the highest on the planet.

The views from the cable car are amazing: you can see all the peaks of the Alps.

About glaciers

More recently, glacier scientists have discovered that the height of the Mont Blanc peak is shrinking.

According to their data, over the year the peak has become lower by 50 centimeters and now its height is 4807.5 meters. If the trend continues, then the high mountain in Europe, there may be another peak of the mountain range - Mont Blanc de Courmayeur, its height is 4748 meters.

About conquerors

The conquest of Mont Blanc was not so easy. At first, the British Richard Pocock and William Wyndham tried to do this. In 1741, they disregarded the warnings of the locals and climbed Montainviers, one of the peaks of the Mont Blanc massif. Almost 20 years later, their ascent was repeated by the young scientist Horace Benedict de Saussure. Fired up by the study of these mountains, he appointed a monetary reward to the one who conquered the highest mountain of the Mont Blanc massif and explored ways to climb to the top. And then there were daredevils: for the first time, the mountain was conquered in 1786 by a Savoy guide (now this region is part of France) Jacques Balma and Swiss Michel Paccard.

Maria Paradis was the first woman to climb Mont Blanc in 1808. However, her desire to conquer the peak became a kind of publicity stunt: a woman simply needed to conquer the mountain in order to stir up interest in Mont Blanc. Maria, by the way, received a good reward. But the poor thing simply did not imagine all the difficulties. The girl was literally pushed to the top, pulled, dragged and carried on the shoulders by guides. However, she still managed to become the first woman at the top.

During his honeymoon, Theodore Roosevelt, who later became President of the United States, also visited Mont Blanc. By the way, this ascent is one of the 50 reasons why Americans consider Roosevelt the best president of their country.

But perhaps the most comfortable climb in the history of all climbers was the ascent of Horace Benedict de Saussure in August 1787. Saussure's scientific instruments and things were carried by 18 conductors. The luggage of the Swiss naturalist even included slippers! And also an umbrella, a tent, a folding bed, a mattress, blankets, two jackets, three jackets, three waistcoats, six shirts, formal white clothes, travel clothes, boots, leggings and three whole pairs of shoes. By the way, it was Saussure who erected a monument in, as the first conqueror of Mont Blanc, forgetting about Jacques Balme and Michel Paccard.

About the engineering marvel

From the Italian city of Courmayeur to the French resort is only 13 kilometers. But on the way rises Mont Blanc. For many centuries, people had to go around, and in 1965 everything changed: a tunnel was opened, the length of which is 11.6 kilometers.

The tunnel has not only benefited motorists: it is used twice a year by migratory flocks of birds.

About tragedies

Mont Blanc is one of the most popular mountains, all of its routes have long been developed. However, it claimed the lives of several thousand people, and not only climbers. So, in the last century, two plane crashes occurred on this mountain, in which more than 150 people died. And in 1999, another tragic incident happened here: a truck caught fire in a tunnel under a mountain, and the engines of other vehicles, including firefighters, stalled due to lack of air. As a result, the fire could not be extinguished for 53 hours, and 39 people died.

About crazy people

In 2007, the infamous Danish artist Marco Evaristti decided to paint the top of Mont Blanc red. He assembled a group of 15 people who were to pour 1,200 liters of paint on top of a mountain. So he wanted to draw public attention to the problem of pollution of the Alps. However, the action was stopped by the French police. By the way, Marco Evaristti has already painted an iceberg in Greenland.

The greatness and extraordinary beauty of the mountains leaves few people indifferent. Sometimes snow-covered ridges inspire fear, sometimes they fascinate, inspire, beckon and push to make heroic ascents. Among the European peaks you will not find such giants as the Himalayas or the Pamirs, but in the Old World there are objects worthy of admiration. We will present the top 10 highest mountains in Europe in our ranking in ascending order.

10th place - Bazarduzu (4466 m), Azerbaijan

The name of the mountain that is part of Greater Caucasus, from the language of the Turks is translated as "market square". The Lezgins gave the second name to the peak - Kichensuv, which literally means "mountain of fear." In the Middle Ages, lively rural fairs were held in these places, on the border of the Azerbaijani and Dagestan lands. The first ascent of Bazardyuzya took place only in 1847 under the leadership of Alexandrov, a Russian scientist, explorer and topographer, who installed on the top commemorative sign. The specificity of the mountain lies in the fact that an ice wall is located on it from the east, and a huge number of animals live on the hills and in the surrounding area.

9th place - Matternhorn (4478 m), Italy / Switzerland

matternhorn locals compared with a cap due to the strongly curved peak. The peak is located in the Pienine Alps and is the border between the two ski resorts- Italian Breuil-Chevigna and Swiss Zermat. The peak inspired awe for a long time, so climbers and scientists ventured on the first ascent only in 1865, after which the Matterhorn became the last explored mountain of all existing in the Alps. Max Height The peak is located on the east of the ridge from the side of Switzerland. From the first group of climbers led by Whymper, four fell into the abyss, the ascent to the Matterhorn from Italy took place three days after the tragedy.

8th place - Weishorn (4506 m), Switzerland

The peak is also located on the border of the Italian and Swiss lands, in the Pienine Alps. Most of the Weisshorn is on the Swiss side. The peak was repeatedly attempted to conquer, but for a long time the expeditions failed. For the first time they were able to climb to the top only in 1861, the discoverers were two local guide and a young physicist. To this day, climbers try to bypass Weisshorn, considering the mountain unpredictable and insidious: frequent avalanches that led to the death of entire groups of people are not uncommon here. Relatively easy is the route passing along the slope located on the Swiss side.

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7th place - Liskamm (4527 m), Italy / Switzerland

Liskamm does not have the most pleasant nickname for a climber - the peak is called "cannibal mountain" for constant avalanches, snow blocks, dangerous terrain and instability of the snow cover. The peak is located in the western part of the Alps and is divided into two heights, the highest of which is 4527 meters. For the first time, a group of fourteen people (immigrants from England and Switzerland) climbed the eastern slope of Liskamm in 1891, while the ascent was surprisingly easy and harmless. Today, many hiking trails, which are designed to provide maximum safety for tourists.

6th place - Dom (4545 m), Switzerland

Not far from the Meschabel mountain range, in the Pienine Alps, there is an amazing beautiful mountain with the sonorous name Dom, which means “dome” (meaning the upper part of the cathedral). The area near the summit was studied for several years by Canon Bertchtold, who served in the local temple. He also established that the peak consists of 5 hills located so close to each other that from a bird's eye view they resemble teeth. The Dom was first climbed in a northwesterly direction in the 19th century by citizens of England and Switzerland. The mountain was fully explored only after 50 years, and the first skiing was carried out along the northern slope in 1917.

5th place - Dufour (4634 m), Switzerland/Italy

The peak is considered the highest among all Swiss peaks and is the most prominent part of the Monte Rosa massif. Own beautiful name The mountain was named after the famous Swiss commander - General Guillaume-Henri Dufour, who became famous as a competent cartographer. The first time the summit was conquered in 1855 by a group of British and Swiss, the leader of the expedition was Charles Hudson.

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4th place - Mont Blanc (4810 m), France

The name literally translates as "white mountain". Mont Blanc is located in the western part of the Alps, on the French-Italian border. Known as a center for the professional training of mountaineers, and around the summit developed popular route mountain tourism- Tour du Mont Blanc. The first ascent to the peak took place in 1786, which was recorded in written sources. Today, a paid tunnel has been laid inside the mountain, through which you can travel by car between the two states - Italy and France. At the foot of Mont Blanc are two luxury resorts- Chamonix in France and Courmayeur in Italy. For several centuries there have been disputes about the belonging of the peak to one of the states. Officially, Mont Blanc has not been definitively recognized as French or Italian.

And now the most interesting begins: in order to continue our rating, we will decide on the border between Europe and Asia. Actually, the leader of our rating depends on this. Historically, the border between Europe and Asia went along the watersheds - along the ridge Ural mountains, along the Ural River, along the Caspian Sea, along the Main Caucasian ridge. Then at the end of the 50s. All-Union geographical society determined land border in such a way that now the entire Urals began to relate entirely to Europe, and the entire Caucasus to Asia. In short, this decision was not accepted and recognized unanimously throughout the world, and as a result, since then, the concept of the border between Europe and Asia has become vague.

In addition to these two main points of view, there are three more alternative boundaries:
Line A - runs along the peaks of the Ural Mountains and, further, along the Ural River
Line B - passes through the Kuma-Manych depression and, further, through the Sea of ​​Azov
Line C - follows the watershed of the Caucasus Mountains

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Wikipedia, meanwhile, believes that almost the entire Caucasus belongs to Europe (the border along the Araks River).
Thus, in the absence of unity on this issue, we propose to do this: for those who are inclined to believe that the Caucasus belongs to Asia, consider this rating completed and Mont Blanc the highest peak in Europe, and for those who do not agree with this border, we continue our rating.

3rd place - Shkhara (5200 m), Georgia

Almost in the middle of the main ridge of the Caucasus Mountains is the majestic Shkhara. The summit is a favorite place for professional climbers and mountain tourism enthusiasts. Shkhara is a unique place of its kind, ideal for climbing, while the slopes of the mountain are accessible even to a beginner, and climbing up without professional training will not be such a difficult task. The discovery of the mountain began with the rise of a group of Swedish travelers in 1888, after 45 years Shkhara was conquered by rock climbers from the USSR. Today, Shkhara is a popular place among tourists, where citizens from all over the world come. Around the mountain flows the picturesque river Inguri, which is a local landmark.

2nd place - Dykhtau (5204 m), Russia

The name of the summit translates as " steep mountain", is located on the Lateral Range of the Caucasus Mountains, in the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria, in the heart of the reserve of the same name. The massif has the shape of a pyramid with two prominent peaks - Main and East. For climbers the greatest interest represents the famous Pushkin Peak, climbing which is considered a matter of honor. There are 10 routes of varying difficulty along the slopes of the mountain. Dykhtau was first climbed in 1888 by two foreign traveler along the southwestern slope.

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1st place - Elbrus (5642 m), Russia

Elbrus is the highest mountain peak Europe and is one of the seven highest peaks in the world. Geologically, Elbrus is a stratovolcano and is the mouth of a long-extinct volcano located between two ridges. The most high point located in the west of the ridge, and the first ascent was organized in 1829 with the assistance of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. The expedition was led by General Emmanuel, for which he was awarded a scientific title. Many rivers of the Caucasus and Stavropol are fed by the melting of the Elbrus glaciers.