Interesting architectural structures. Oriel Chambers, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK. Four-storey house, suburb of Paris, France
When you plan a trip to any of the most big cities on Earth, be sure to visit their most famous buildings. These cities are distinguished by many outstanding buildings, squares and urban landscapes, while history and cultural heritage make them the best cities peace. These gigantic capitals with countless interesting places can offer a lot of attractions. However, these top 10 stand out the most. famous buildings on the ground. The first tower, called the Shard, rises above the modern and vibrant skyline of London.
The Shard in London
The gigantic Shard skyscraper reshapes the London skyline and makes it the tallest skyscraper in Europe. With a height of just over 300 meters above the ground, the Shard is the tallest building in this part of the world, and definitely one of the most famous. It was completed in 2012 in the heart of London, within walking distance of the Thames, London Bridge and the Tower of London. In addition, the Shard skyscraper is visible from anywhere in the city, especially at night, when the majestic silhouette of this iconic famous building turns into a bright mixture of light and shadows, and the vibrant waters of the river reflect its majesty in a huge mirror of nature. Especially popular is Observation deck at an altitude of 250 meters, offering the best view of the capital of England. 
Big Ben
Big Ben, the House of Commons and the House of Lords is another famous London landmark with its roots going back to the Victorian Gothic period with its many edgy details, high pillars, intricate embellishments, dark mystical angles and contrasting pale silhouettes. This delightful building is one of the city's most iconic landmarks. The gigantic Big Ben tower with its four chiming clock is recognized all over the world, making it one of the most famous buildings in the world.
Burj Khalifa
Of course, the tallest building in the world will not be an exception in the list of the most famous buildings. The Burj Khalifa towers majestically over Dubai at 829.84 meters high, creating a particularly colorful lively atmosphere at night. The many lights of the Burj Khalifa are combined with other buildings to create a true contemporary atmosphere in Dubai. The tower rises above the Dubai skyline with its distinctive Arabian silhouette and Y-shaped design, multiple levels and cross sections. This building can only be called a masterpiece of architecture. At the top of the skyscraper is a restaurant with the most the best view to the city - . 
Burj Al Arab
This building is also located in Dubai, along beautiful coast cities. Dubai Sail is the most famous and most luxurious hotel in Dubai and on Earth. It is also quite high - almost 320 meters, which makes it the second highest high hotel on the ground. A symbol of Dubai's heritage, the Burj Al Arab impresses with its bright white silhouette and gigantic scale and size. A small narrow bridge leads to the Parus, and at the top there is a landing area for helicopters. 
Taj Mahal
Taj Mahal is another famous building located in eastern Agra in India. This masterpiece of art is famous for its white facades and history, which makes the Taj Mahal one of the most attractive architectural gems in the world. The building dates back to the 17th century. This is a mausoleum and a symbol of love that permeates every corner here. The Taj Mahal has a gigantic 170m high central dome, four smaller domes, a gigantic spacious courtyard, four huge slightly tilted minarets, great Islamic design with marble details, calligraphic embellishments, and more. Standing at the main entrance of the complex, you immediately feel all its grandeur and size. 
Colosseum in Rome
The Colosseum in Rome is laced with historical heritage on every wall, façade or stone. The true scale of this arena is quite impressive even in our time, and during the time of the Roman Empire 2,000 years ago, it was a real engineering marvel at all. The Colosseum was the largest amphitheater in the world, the center of numerous gladiator battles, where all the Roman nobility gathered. A long network of caves and tunnels stretches under the building, and the outer wall of the Colosseum with its numerous arches, floors and columns is considered one of the symbols of Rome and Italy. 
Leaning Tower of Pisa
Leaning Tower of Pisa - not only most of the whole complex Cathedral Pisa, but the most famous. The rounded tower, with a series of spiraling balconies all along its façade, is pale in color with many shades. It is surrounded by many lawns and has a courtyard. The tower has a great Romanesque architectural design, but that's not what it's known for. This tilts almost 4 degrees, giving the visual illusion of falling. This is used by numerous tourists, taking pictures against the backdrop of the famous building. 
Sydney Opera House
Sydney Opera theatre- one of the most famous buildings in Australia and around the world, because it is a real work of art and a masterpiece of art. This cultural symbol country, as well as one of the most visited attractions in Sydney. The Sydney Opera House hosts numerous art, opera and music events. The remarkable architectural vista, positioned right next to the water on one side and modern skyscrapers on the other, makes this outstanding opera house one of the most famous buildings in the world. 
Empire State Building
The symbol of the state of New York and the United States, the Empire State Building is one of compulsory places to visit in the city that never sleeps. The skyscraper will impress you with its multitude of colors, pure Art Deco shapes, historical structures and of course its impressive height. It rises almost 450 meters above the Manhattan skyline, dotted with numerous windows. At the top is an observation deck that opens up the magnificent skyline of Manhattan. At sunset, you can admire them for hours. 
Eiffel Tower
Topping the list of the most popular buildings in the world is not a building at all, but a tower. The Eiffel Tower is undoubtedly the most popular building in the world. It is located in the center of Paris and is a symbol of the city and France, as well as one of the most tall buildings all over the continent and one of the most popular and visited attractions in the world. The tower is distinguished by its history, many spans, connections, arches, intricate details and other interesting elements that only emphasize its charm. 
From modern and surreal skyscrapers to historical buildings who have a huge load of cultural heritage - there are many interesting buildings, which can be visited during one of the following trips. These iconic buildings are located in the most big cities world, being part of their history. Such structures are always surrounded by large shopping streets, cultural centers, modern entertainment complexes, so you will always find how to spend time here, in addition to getting to know the most famous buildings peace. I also advise you to read about the most expensive construction projects of our time in a separate tape.
Modern cities are made up of buildings of all styles, sizes, designs and shapes - from wooden one-story shacks to high-tech buildings that look like they stepped out of the pages of science fiction novels. Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol once said: "Architecture is also a chronicle of the world: it speaks when both songs and legends are already silent." We invite you to make brief digression on structures that have become real architectural milestones in the history of mankind.
1. Hal Saflieni, Paola City, Malta
This underground sanctuary (hypogeum) is one of the most ancient buildings on Earth: according to some estimates, its construction began about six thousand years ago. Initially, Khal-Saflieni was used as a temple, and then began to serve as a burial place - during excavations, archaeologists discovered the remains of more than seven thousand ancient inhabitants of these places.
2. Pyramids of Giza, a suburb of Cairo, Egypt
The pyramids on the Giza Plateau are the only creation of the ancient architects of the legendary Seven Wonders of the World that has survived to this day (strictly speaking, only the highest of them, the Pyramid of Khufu, better known as the Pyramid of Cheops, is classified as a Miracle).
No wonder the Arabs say: "The world is afraid of time, and time is afraid of the pyramids" - for about four thousand years, the pyramid of Khufu was the tallest building on the planet and still amazes the imagination with its majesty and grandeur. Its height is 146.5 meters, the pyramids of Khafre (Chephren) and Menkaure (Mykerin) are slightly lower - 136.4 meters and 62 meters, respectively.
3. Temple of Jupiter, Baalbek, Lebanon
The debate about how the Egyptians managed to build "hills" of huge boulders weighing 2.5 tons will probably never subside. However, the builders of the temple of Jupiter in ancient city Baalbek could give them a head start in terms of the size of the “bricks”: when building the temple, they used three blocks weighing 800 tons each, although there are smaller ones, “only” 350 tons each.
Two kilometers from the temple, archaeologists found a block called the "South Stone" - its weight reaches over 1000 tons, but for some reason the largest "brick" remained in the quarry.
4. Assyrian aqueduct near the village of Jervan, Iraq
It's hard to believe, but this masterpiece of Assyrian architects, built in 703-688 BC by order of King Sennacherib, is an ordinary water supply that provided water to the capital of the Assyrian Empire, Nineveh. The length of the most famous part of the aqueduct, made of limestone, is about 300 meters, and the height is about 10 meters, while the total length of the ancient water supply system is more than 80 km.
5. Machu Picchu, Peru
The amazing quality of the buildings in Machu Picchu is explained either by the skill of the masons, or, more likely, by the extreme cruelty of the foremen, who forced them to work the blocks with copper and bronze tools so that they fit very tightly to each other and stand without any bonding solution for hundreds of years.
6. Aqueducts of the Roman Empire
Rounded arches were invented in Mesopotamia about four thousand years ago, but they are known all over the world thanks to the Romans, who willingly used this architectural detail in the construction of their aqueducts.
The highest of the ancient Roman aqueducts that have survived to this day is the Pont du Gard, located on the territory modern France. The aqueduct, built in 40-66 AD, was part of the water supply system of the city of Nîmes, the height of the Pont du Gard is 47 meters and its length is 275 meters.
7 Alexandria Window Glass
The first transparent panes in human history appeared in Alexandria around 100 AD (some historians say they are at least 200 years older). One of the Roman glassblowers living in the city guessed to add manganese oxide to the glass mass, as a result of which such an innovative, as they would say now, architectural solution appeared.
8. Concrete domes of Roman temples
The huge stone domes used in many Christian churches were first created by the Romans after the invention of concrete.
The oldest example of the use of a concrete dome is the temple of Mercury, built between the 27th year BC and the 14th year after, during the reign of Emperor Augustus. The largest unreinforced concrete dome belongs to the Pantheon in Rome, completed in 127 AD.
9. Linen processing plant in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK
At first glance this ancient building unremarkable, but meanwhile he is respectfully called the “grandfather of skyscrapers”: when building a factory commissioned by the British entrepreneur Charles Badge, the architect and engineer William Strutt was one of the first in the world to use cast-iron beams and metal structures, which gave the structure unprecedented strength.
The construction of the factory was completed in 1797, and for many years its design became a model for the construction of many other industrial and residential buildings.
10. Suspension bridge over the Schuylkill River, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
One of the first in the world suspension bridges, designed by engineers Erskine Hazard and Josiah White, was the largest of them at the time of opening in 1816, however, it stood for only about a year.
11. Great Orangery Chatsworth House, Derbyshire, UK
The structure, designed by Joseph Paxton, the author of the famous Crystal Palace in London, was for some time the largest in the world. glass building: its length was 96.2 meters, the width was 37.5 meters, and the greenhouse reached a height of 20.4 meters.
Paxton, who served as a gardener at the residence of the Dukes of Devonshire, impressed the guests of the estate with his unprecedented fantastic designs, but many of them were too impractical: for example, to maintain temperature regime eight boilers had to be built in the greenhouse and 11 km of pipes had to be laid. The Great Orangery cost Chatsworth House so much that it was demolished in 1923.
12. Four-story house, suburb of Paris, France
A nondescript, graffiti-covered building on one of the northern outskirts of Paris - real monument architecture, although it is hard to believe. Its creators, engineer Francois Coignet and architect Theodore Lachaise, were the first to use reinforced concrete as a building material, after which this practice became widespread.
13. Oriel Chambers, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
Although the factory in Shrewsbury is called the “grandfather of skyscrapers”, this honorary epithet should rightfully belong to a building erected in 1864 by architect Peter Ellis: load-bearing steel structures with window panes fixed to them were first used in Oriel Chambers - this is the technology used to build a large some of the tallest buildings on the planet.
14. Insurance Company Building, Chicago, Illinois, USA
The 42-meter building, built according to the project of William Le Baron Jenney, one of the most respected representatives of the Chicago school of architecture, belongs to the building, for the first time, so to speak, "scraped the sky."
The construction of the world's first skyscraper was completed in 1885, and in 1891 two more were added to its ten floors, and the height increased from 42 meters to 54.9 meters.
The architect, apparently, did not trust the strength of the steel frame too much, so he placed the concern for the stability of the building also on the back load-bearing wall and granite columns. Unfortunately, the first skyscraper has not survived to our time - in 1931 the building was demolished.
15. Ingalls Building, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
Chicago is considered the birthplace of skyscrapers, but the world's first such structure made of reinforced concrete appeared in the city of Cincinnati in 1903. An unprecedented 15-story building 64 meters high was designed by the architectural bureau Elzner & Anderson for Melville Ingalls, one of the American financial tycoons of the early 20th century. The skyscraper has survived to the present and is included in the list of objects world heritage UNESCO.
16. Villa Savoy, Poissy, France
A small country villa, built in 1931 by the famous Le Corbusier, the founder of modernism in building design, is considered the epitome of his "Five starting points modern architecture”, formulating the basic principles of the Art Nouveau style. These include a flat roof, pillars, horizontal windows, free planning and a free facade - the supports are not located outside the house, but in any way, external walls can also be any.
17. Solar House No. 1, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
Employees of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, led by Hoyt Hottel, in 1939 built a building on the territory of the Institute, completely heated by solar energy. Later, several more similar houses were created for scientific purposes, and the first commercial building, heated exclusively by the sun, appeared in Albuquerque, New Mexico, in 1956, it was designed by Frank Bridgers and Donald Paxton.
18. Echoviren, California, USA
In August this year, a team of Californian architects completed the construction of the world's first building, all building materials for which are made using 3D printing. Of course, it is difficult to call it a building, rather it is something like a small hut: its dimensions are 3 × 3 × 2.4 meters.
The project was named Echoviren - in honor of one of the rare species of redwoods, because the structure of the walls of the 3D hut resembles the cellular structure of the fibers of this tree. It took about 10,800 hours to manufacture its 585 components in total: for two months, seven 3D printers worked almost around the clock, and assembled the “building” in just four days.
Buildings are among the most impressive works of art. After spending untold sums on construction, you can walk around completed projects and even live inside. Insider has collected 30 structures that stagger the imagination.
The oldest surviving building on Earth is Göbekli Tepe in Turkey. Its age is estimated to be at least the ninth millennium BC. Archaeologists are unsure of the purpose of Göbekli Tepe. Most likely, the building had a religious significance.
Since then, mankind has managed to build many cool structures. For example, only for Last year Futuristic Fulton Center opens in New York...
...and Penley Grammar School and Essendon in Melbourne, Australia.
The amazing Golden Temple in Amritsar, India seems to have grown straight out of the waters of the Amritsar River.
At night religious center Sikh looks just amazing.
The Las Lajas Church in Nariño, Colombia, is at first baffling because the structure seems to defy gravity.
Modernist architect Antonio Gaudi did not live to see the completion of the Sagrada Familia - in fact, its construction continues to this day. From the outside, the temple resembles houses from the Chronicles of Narnia...
...and its interior is even more surreal.
The Flatiron Building was one of the first skyscrapers in New York...
...as was the Woolworth Building, the tallest building in the world between 1913 and 1930.
In Onomichi, Japan, young couples often hold their wedding ceremonies in the Ribbon Chapel ("Ribbon Chapel").
In Seoul, surrounded by greenery, the Light of Life Church rises.
Inside, she looks completely different.
The design of the Marina City skyscrapers in Chicago is, to put it mildly, unique. Built in 1964, they were among the first mixed-use buildings. For the first time in the United States, a high-rise crane was used in construction.
But not all buildings aim for the sky. Church Temppeliaukio, Helsinki, Finland, carved into the rock under the ground, while receiving enough sunlight.
The Church of Saint George in Lalibela, Ethiopia, was carved from a single boulder in the 12th century.
Some of the most beautiful buildings are part of the landscape. Turninn in Reykjavik reflects wild beauty Iceland.
The modernist Ludwig Mies van der Rohe used facets and open space to create masterpieces that seem to float in the air - like New National Gallery in Berlin, built in the 1960s.
In addition, Berlin is home to the mecca of electronic music, the brutal nightclub Berghain.
Unity with environment- one of the oldest concepts in architecture. In ancient Japanese capital Kyoto is home to the breathtaking Golden Pavilion (Kinkakuji)...
...and the equally stunning Silver.
The Great Mosque of Djenne in Mali is the largest mud structure in the world. It can accommodate 3 thousand believers.
The whimsical Center Pompidou in Paris is a masterpiece of postmodernism.
Built around 1200, Chartres Cathedral in northern France is a great example gothic architecture. Pay attention to the richly decorated "portals" leading to the building...
...and an amazing organ inside.
Perhaps the only religious building, capable of being compared with him in greatness, is Blue Mosque in the Stambul. Its construction was completed at the beginning of the 17th century and coincided with the heyday of the Ottoman Empire.
In interior decoration more than 20 thousand handmade tiles are used.
Neuschwanstein Castle in Bavaria is believed to have inspired Walt Disney's Sleeping Beauty Castle.
Trinity College is the gem of Dublin University.
It is famous for its library, the most amazing room of which has the characteristic name "Long Room".
Imperial Palace - forbidden city- the highest form of Chinese architecture.
Between 1420 and 1912 the palace served as the seat of government.
Its interior is truly impressive...
...as well as the attention to detail.
Today, the most exotic examples of modern architecture can be seen in Beijing. For example, the CCTV Tower, also known as "Pants".
With the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, the late Zaha Hadid did what only she could do - transforming the rigid, clean lines of modernism into something organic.
High in the Peruvian Andes, Machu Picchu is the finest example of Inca architecture.
Archaeologists believe that the city was built around 1450.
A more detailed photo of the residential area.
In 2007, Parque Biblioteca España opened in Medellin, Colombia. Its design was designed by Colombian architect Giancarlo Mazzanti. Three buildings should look like stones.
The library, located in the Santo Domingo Savio district, overlooks Medellin itself, lying in a valley surrounded by the Andes.
The Sydney Opera House is rightfully considered a cult representative of Australian architecture.
Designed by Danish architect Jorn Utzon and opened in 1973, the theater has become a literal canvas for social expression.
Its interior is also amazing.
These buildings are known all over the world, they are admired, admired and idolized. These are the visiting cards of cities, let's take another look at these historical buildings:
The Taj Mahal in India is located near Agra. In its outward stately appearance, it resembles a temple, but in fact it is a mausoleum built in honor of the second wife of Shah Jahan - Mumtaz Mahal (otherwise Arjumand Bano Begum). It's really very beautiful building. No description, photo or video can convey the entire true beauty this building. The architecture of the building conveys a mixture of Indian, Persian and Islamic architecture.
Sydney Opera House (Sydney Opera House) - one of the most famous and easily recognizable buildings in the world, at the same time is a symbol largest city Australia. It is considered one of the main attractions of the continent - the sail-like shells that form the roof make this building unlike any other in the world. The Sydney Opera House is recognized as one of the outstanding buildings of modern architecture in the world and since 1973 has been, along with the Harbor Bridge, calling card Sydney. Since June 28, 2007, this building has been under the protection of UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
leaning tower of pisa- is a bell tower, part of the ensemble of the city's Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta (Pisan Cathedral) in the city of Pisa, which has gained worldwide fame due to its unintentional tilt. The tilt of the tower, caused by the softness of the soil, occurred as the construction ended in 1360. The “tilt” process ended only in 2008. The tower has 294 steps. The height of the tower is 55.86 m from the ground on the lowest side and 56.7 m on the highest side. The diameter of the base is 15.54 m. Its mass is estimated at 14,453 tons. The current slope is 3°
The Empire State Building is a 102-story building located in New York City on the island of Manhattan. It is an office building. From 1931 to 1970, was one of the tallest buildings in the world, until the opening north tower World shopping center. Got it back again given status after the tragedy of 2001 (the collapse of the World Trade Center). The architecture of the building belongs to the Art Deco style.
The Eiffel Tower is the most famous architectural landmark of Paris, known as a symbol of France, erected on the Champ de Mars and named after its designer Gustaf Eiffel. She is the most recognizable and tall building in Paris, its height, together with the new antenna, is 324 meters, which is approximately the same as a house with 81 floors. The Eiffel Tower was built in 1889 and has amazing story origin. In 1889, in Paris, in memory of the centenary of the French Revolution, the World Exhibition was held, it was thanks to the exhibition that the city authorities instructed to invent and erect a temporary structure serving as its entrance arch.
The Colosseum is a symbol of strength, power and the age-old history of Rome, one of the most famous sights in Italy. It is considered the most beautiful and largest stadium ancient world built in the first century AD. e. in the form of an amphitheatre. The construction of this grandiose structure began after numerous victories by the emperor Vespasian in Judea. The construction lasted 11 years, during which they did the impossible - quality, a complete emergency and the introduction of advanced, unthinkable at that time technologies - a conveyor.
Big Ben - famous all over the world clock tower Palace of Westminster in London. The Palace of Westminster hosts meetings of the House of Lords and the House of Commons, it is easy to get lost in the multi-kilometer corridors of the palace right direction, there is hardly a person who has visited all of its 1200 rooms, but the most famous part of the palace - the clock tower - is known, without exaggeration, to the whole world and is one of the brightest architectural symbols of the city. The height of the tower is 96 meters, inside it hides a narrow spiral staircase of 334 steps.
Burj Al Arab (Burj Al Arab) - translated from Arabic means " arab tower”, which Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum gave him, rightfully occupies the highest position in the list of the most luxurious hotels in the world. The best designers in the world worked on the interior of the Burj Al Arab hotel in order to emphasize its exclusive luxury. To furnish the rooms and halls of the hotel, they used about 1590 m² of 999 gold foil, as well as the best varieties of marble, precious and semi-precious stones, precious woods and the finest leather. The building rises 321 meters above an artificial island, poured specifically for its construction in the early 90s, 280 meters from coastline, his appearance reminiscent of the sail set on traditional Arab ships. Creating a sail for the Burj Al Arab hotel was a truly amazing and time-consuming process.
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