The most famous buildings in the world. Great architectural structures
As you know, the list of the most famous ancient sights of ancient culture includes only seven miracles. But we mustered up the courage to include three more structures that we think are worthy of your attention. So.
Ajanta or the Ajanta caves is a Buddhist temple and monastery complex located near the village of the same name, 100 km northeast of the city of Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. It was discovered in 1839. It is a rock in the shape of a horseshoe, in which, starting from the II century BC. e. to the 5th century AD e. 30 (according to other sources 29) caves were carved with columns, Buddha statues and world-famous wall paintings reflecting the life of India of that era. This painting, illustrating Buddhist legends and myths, is not only a work of art, but also a valuable historical source of knowledge about those times.
newgrange
Newgrange - ancient building from huge blocks of stone, one of the largest and oldest corridor tombs, built by man between about 3000 BC. e. - 2500 BC e. (older than the Great Pyramid of Giza and probably Stonehenge). Located 40.2 km north of the city of Dublin, about one kilometer north of the River Boyne, County Meath, Ireland. The mound is 13.5 meters high and 85 meters in diameter. Ancient people erected it from 200,000 tons of stone, wood and earth. It is a large round mound inside, which is a 19-meter stone corridor leading to the burial chamber. Included in the list of the most mysterious sights of the world.
Derinkuyu
Derinkuyu is an ancient multi-level underground city located under the city of the same name in the province of Nevsehir, Turkey. It was built in the II-I millennium BC. e. Discovered in 1963. The underground city reaches a depth of 60 meters and in ancient times could shelter up to 20 thousand people, along with food and livestock. For centuries, people have been hiding here from nomadic raids, religious persecution and other dangers. Although the underground city of Derinkuyu was intended as a temporary shelter, its scale is impressive. It includes numerous wine cellars, stables, cellars, storerooms, refectories, chapels, numerous ventilation ducts, and a complex network of tunnels and corridors.
7 wonders ancient world
Alexandrian lighthouse- a lighthouse built according to the project of the architect Sostratus of Cnidus approximately in 279-280. BC e. on the island of Pharos, near Alexandria in Egypt, so that the ships could safely pass the reefs on their way to the bay of Alexandria. According to estimates, its light was visible at a distance of 51 km (according to other sources, up to 83 km). It is assumed that the Lighthouse of Alexandria was about 115–120 meters high and at that time was the tallest building in the world. In the XIV century, it was completely destroyed by an earthquake, and in its place, by order of the then Sultan of Egypt, Qaitbey (1416/1418-1496), the Qait-Bey fortress was erected, which today is maritime museum.
Colossus of Rhodes - a bronze statue of the ancient Greek god of the Sun - Helios, built between 292 BC. e. - 280 BC e. in the harbor port city Rhodes on the island of the same name in the Aegean Sea in Greece. It was built according to the project of the architect Hares, a student of Lysippus, in honor of the victory of the inhabitants of Rhodes over the ruler of Cyprus, Antigonus I One-eyed, who, together with his son and an army of 40,000 people, unsuccessfully besieged the city in 305 BC. The height of the statue is about 30 meters. She stood on a 10-meter pedestal and weighed, according to various estimates, from 30 to 70 tons. Compared to other wonders of the world, the Colossus of Rhodes "lived" a short life. Approximately 50 years after its creation, it was completely destroyed by an earthquake and melted down.
In fifth place on the list is the "Mausoleum at Halicarnassus" - a tomb built between 353 and 350 BC. e. in Halicarnassus (modern city of Bodrum, Turkey) for King Mausolus of Caria and his wife-sister Artemisia III. Well-known masters were involved in the construction and decoration of the tomb, including the famous sculptors Skopas, Briaxides, Timofeos and Leohar. The tomb of Mausolus was a majestic and unusually shaped building, built of brick and lined inside and out with white marble. The mausoleum in Halicarnassus, 45 meters high, stood for about 19 centuries, but in the 13th century it collapsed from a strong earthquake.
Zeus statue in Olympia - ancient greek statue Zeus, which was located in the center of the temple of the same name in Olympia on the Peloponnese peninsula. It was erected in the 5th century BC by the ancient Greek sculptor and architect Phidias. The statue of the god reached a height of 12-13 meters and was made of wood (according to some sources, from cedar, according to others - from ebony). Details of ivory, gold and precious stones. The circumstances of the possible destruction of the statue are unknown. According to the Byzantine historian George Kedrin, it was transported to Constantinople, where it burned down in a fire in 476.
The Temple of Artemis of Ephesus is a Greek temple located in the city of Ephesus, Asia Minor (near the modern city of Selchuk, Turkey). It was dedicated to Artemis, the Greek goddess of the hunt. The temple was built in the middle of the VI century BC. e, was a rectangular building 105 meters long and 51 meters wide, consisting of marble and wood, and surrounded on all sides by a double row of 127 columns, the height of which was 18 meters. During its entire existence, it was rebuilt three times until July 21, 356 BC. e. was not set on fire by Herostratus - a resident of Ephesus, who dreamed of becoming famous at any cost.
The Hanging Gardens of Babylon, more correctly called the Hanging Gardens of Amitis, is the only one of the seven wonders of the world whose location has not been definitively established. The Hanging Gardens are thought to have been built around 575 BC. e. V ancient city Babylon (near the modern city of Hilla, in Iraq), by King Nebuchadnezzar II, for his wife Amitis, who missed the forests of her homeland. They are a pyramid consisting of four tiers-platforms supported by columns up to 25 m high. On these tiers, fertile land lay with a thick carpet, where seeds of various herbs, flowers, shrubs, and trees from Media were planted. The pyramid looked like an evergreen hill. However, after in 331 BC. e. the troops of Alexander the Great captured Babylon, and the great commander himself died, the city gradually fell into decay. The gardens were abandoned and eventually destroyed.
The Pyramid of Cheops is the largest among the Egyptian pyramids, the only one of the "Seven Wonders of the World" that has survived to this day, and also one of the most famous tombs in the world. The pyramid is located on west bank Nile in Egypt on the plateau at Giza, in close proximity to the famous " Great Sphinx". The lion's share of Egyptologists believe that the pyramid was built around 2560 BC. e. and is a tomb Egyptian pharaoh IV dynasty of Khufu (Cheops). It is believed that it was designed by the architect Hemion, the nephew of Cheops. Initially, the pyramid had a height of 146.5 m, but as a result of erosion, today its height is 138.75 m. The total weight of the pyramid is estimated at about 6.25 million tons, the area is ≈ 85,000 m².
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When you plan a trip to any of the largest cities on Earth, be sure to visit their most famous buildings. These cities are distinguished by many outstanding buildings, squares and urban landscapes, while history and cultural heritage make them the best cities peace. These gigantic capitals with countless interesting places can offer a lot of attractions. However, these 10 most famous buildings on Earth stand out the most. The first tower, called the Shard, rises above the modern and vibrant skyline of London.
The Shard in London
The gigantic Shard skyscraper reshapes the London skyline and makes it the tallest skyscraper in Europe. With a height of just over 300 meters above the ground, the Shard is the tallest building in this part of the world, and definitely one of the most famous. It was completed in 2012 in the heart of London, within walking distance of the Thames, London Bridge and the Tower of London. In addition, the Shard skyscraper is visible from anywhere in the city, especially at night, when the majestic silhouette of this iconic famous building turns into a bright mixture of light and shadows, and the vibrant waters of the river reflect its majesty in a huge mirror of nature. Especially popular is the observation deck at an altitude of 250 meters, which offers the best view of the capital of England. 
Big Ben
Big Ben, the House of Commons and the House of Lords is another famous landmark in London, with its roots going back to the Victorian Gothic period with its many sharp details, tall pillars, intricate decorations, dark mystical corners and juxtaposed pale silhouettes. This delightful building is one of the city's most iconic landmarks. The gigantic Big Ben tower with its four chiming clock is recognized all over the world, making it one of the most famous buildings in the world.
Burj Khalifa
Of course, the tallest building in the world will not be an exception in the list of the most famous buildings. The Burj Khalifa towers majestically over Dubai at 829.84 meters high, creating a particularly colorful lively atmosphere at night. The many lights of the Burj Khalifa are combined with other buildings to create a true contemporary atmosphere in Dubai. The tower rises above the Dubai skyline with its distinctive Arabian silhouette and Y-shaped design, multiple levels and cross sections. This building can only be called a masterpiece of architecture. At the top of the skyscraper is a restaurant with the best view of the city -. 
Burj Al Arab
This building is also located in Dubai, along the city's beautiful coastline. Dubai Sail is the most famous and most luxurious hotel in Dubai and on Earth. It is also quite high - almost 320 meters, which makes it the second tallest hotel on Earth. A symbol of Dubai's heritage, the Burj Al Arab impresses with its bright white silhouette and gigantic scale and size. A small narrow bridge leads to the Parus, and at the top there is a landing area for helicopters. 
Taj Mahal
Taj Mahal is another famous building located in eastern Agra in India. This masterpiece of art is famous for its white facades and history, which makes the Taj Mahal one of the most attractive architectural gems in the world. The building dates back to the 17th century. This is a mausoleum and a symbol of love that permeates every corner here. The Taj Mahal has a gigantic 170m high central dome, four smaller domes, a gigantic spacious courtyard, four huge slightly tilted minarets, great Islamic design with marble details, calligraphic embellishments, and more. Standing at the main entrance of the complex, you immediately feel all its grandeur and size. 
Colosseum in Rome
The Colosseum in Rome is laced with historical heritage on every wall, façade or stone. The true scale of this arena is quite impressive even in our time, and during the time of the Roman Empire 2,000 years ago, it was a real engineering marvel at all. The Colosseum was the largest amphitheater in the world, the center of numerous gladiator battles, where all the Roman nobility gathered. A long network of caves and tunnels stretches under the building, and the outer wall of the Colosseum with its numerous arches, floors and columns is considered one of the symbols of Rome and Italy. 
Leaning Tower of Pisa
The Leaning Tower of Pisa is only a small part of the entire Pisa Cathedral complex, but the most famous. The rounded tower, with a series of spiraling balconies all along its façade, is pale in color with many shades. It is surrounded by many lawns and has a courtyard. The tower has a great Romanesque architectural design, but that's not what it's known for. This tilts almost 4 degrees, giving the visual illusion of falling. This is used by numerous tourists, taking pictures against the backdrop of the famous building. 
Sydney Opera House
Sydney Opera theatre- one of the most famous buildings in Australia and around the world, because it is a real work of art and a masterpiece of art. It is a cultural symbol of the country and one of Sydney's most visited attractions. The Sydney Opera House hosts numerous art, opera and music events. The remarkable architectural vista, positioned right next to the water on one side and modern skyscrapers on the other, makes this outstanding opera house one of the most famous buildings in the world. 
Empire State Building
The symbol of the state of New York and the United States, the Empire State Building is one of compulsory places to visit in the city that never sleeps. The skyscraper will impress you with its multitude of colors, pure Art Deco shapes, historical structures and of course its impressive height. It rises almost 450 meters above the Manhattan skyline, dotted with numerous windows. At the top is an observation deck that opens up the magnificent skyline of Manhattan. At sunset, you can admire them for hours. 
Eiffel Tower
Topping the list of the most popular buildings in the world is not a building at all, but a tower. The Eiffel Tower is undoubtedly the most popular building in the world. It is located in the center of Paris and is a symbol of the city and France, as well as one of the most tall buildings all over the continent and one of the most popular and visited attractions in the world. The tower is distinguished by its history, many spans, connections, arches, intricate details and other interesting elements that only emphasize its charm. 
From modern and surreal skyscrapers to historical buildings who have a huge load of cultural heritage - there are many interesting buildings, which can be visited during one of the following trips. These iconic buildings are located in the most big cities world, being part of their history. Such structures are always surrounded by large shopping streets, cultural centers, modern entertainment complexes, so you will always find how to spend time here, in addition to exploring the most famous buildings in the world. I also advise you to read about the most expensive construction projects of our time in a separate tape.
Old or new, with complex or simple structures, these are undoubtedly the most beautiful buildings in the world. Take a ride with us and check out these amazing architectural creations built in various cities around the globe.
1. Burj Al Arab, Dubai
Burj Al Arab is recognized as the tallest and most luxurious hotel in the world. Built on our own artificial island in front of Jumeirah Beach, this is a seven-star, sixty-story hotel of fabulous beauty. The building resembles a colorfully lit sailboat that rises 321 meters above sea level.
As for the interior, what can I say? This is a world within a world. Amazing design, dancing fountains, huge aquariums, luxurious suites with real gold details. It is so tall that it can fit the Dubai World Trade Center.
2. Catherine Palace, St. Petersburg
Beautiful baroque palace of Catherine the Great, with a distinctive blue façade, rebuilt by Empress Elizaveta Petrovna to the way it is today. Most visitors come to the city of Pushkin near St. Petersburg, where the impressive palace is located, to see the famous Amber Room, billed as the eighth wonder of the world. But for many, the most delightful sight is the graceful classical-style wing, designed by Catherine II's favorite architect, Charles Cameron.
3. Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain
Designed by American architect Frank Gehry, the Guggenheim Museum is a magnificent example of the most innovative ideas of 20th century architecture. With 24,000 m2, of which 11,000 are devoted to exhibition space, the museum is an architectural landmark of bold configuration and innovative design, providing a seductive backdrop for the artworks on display. This building has changed the world's view of modern architecture and museums, and has become a symbol of rebirth. industrial city Bilbao. The museum is made of titanium, with wavy lines that change color in the rays of the sun.
4. Great Mosque, Djenne, Mali
In one of the oldest cities in Africa, in the city of Djenne, south of the Sahara, you will find this majestic beautiful building - a mosque built of mud bricks by the Dogon people, an African tribe that uses mud as the ancient Romans used marble. In this region, at the center of a once prosperous commercial city, mosques were built in the 13th century AD. Great Mosque or Grand Mosque Djenne, dates from 1906 and is the largest building in the world built entirely of mud. Since 1988, the mosque has been included in the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage List. Its towers are decorated with an ostrich egg, which symbolizes fertility and good luck.
5. Sagrada Familia, Barcelona
The first attraction you need is the Sagrada Familia, or Sagrada Familia, designed by Antonio Gaudí and which has become a symbol of the city. The Catalan architect devoted more than 40 years of his life to this colossal and still unfinished Gothic cathedral, with its huge spiers that seem to touch the clouds and facades that resemble sand sculptures. Gaudí personally oversaw the work until he died in 1926. His partners continued building, and despite the fact that the original plans were destroyed during civil war in Spain, work continues to this day. In accordance with the projects, the completion of the construction of the temple is expected in 2026.
6. Taj Mahal, India
The Mughal emperor Shah Jahan began to build this building in 1632 to bury the remains of his beloved wife. The Taj Mahal stands in Agra, on the southern bank of the Yamuna River. This famous mausoleum complex, which took over 20 years to build, is one of the most outstanding examples of Mughal architecture, with Indian, Persian and Islamic influences. Constructed of shimmering white marble that changes color depending on the sun or moonlight onto its surface. Listed world heritage UNESCO in 1983, the Taj Mahal remains one of the most famous buildings peace and stunning symbol rich history India. Visit this place and make sure that it is really one of the most beautiful buildings in the world.
Wat Rong Khun, better known as the "White Temple", is one of the most recognizable temples in Thailand, and undoubtedly one of the most beautiful buildings in the world. The temple is located outside the city of Chiang Rai and attracts a large number of visitors, Thai and foreign, making it one of the most visited attractions in Chiang Rai.
Wat Rong Khun is a unique temple that stands out due to its white color and sparkles in the sun thanks to the use of pieces of glass in the plaster. The white color signifies the purity of the Buddha, while the glass symbolizes the wisdom of the Buddha and the Dharma, the Buddhist teachings.
The temple building was designed by the famous Thai visual artist Chalermchai Kositpipat. To date, it has not been completed. One day there should be nine buildings here, including a hall containing Buddhist relics, a meditation hall, monks' living quarters, and an art gallery.
8. Sheikh Zayed Mosque
The Sheikh Zayed Mosque is located in Abu Dhabi and is the largest marble mosque in the world, with a capacity of 40,000 people. This building was completed in 2007 after collecting white marble from 28 countries. The main hall has a unique giant lamp decorated with Swarovski crystals, weighing 9 tons, with a diameter and height of 10 and 15 meters, respectively.
The next very beautiful building is located in St. Petersburg. This is an impressive church, the construction of which was started in 1883, just above the place where Emperor Alexander II was assassinated two years earlier. The temple impresses with its multi-colored towers, rich exterior decoration and especially impressive interior with mosaic.
Some of the most beautiful buildings in the world fascinate and captivate with their intricate shapes and configurations. Undoubtedly, these architectural structures deserve the highest praise and special attention. Let's dwell on the 25 most outstanding, built in various parts of the globe.
Burj Al Arab Hotel - Dubai
Burj Al Arab is considered the tallest hotel in the world. This 7-star 60-story building is built on a private artificial island on Jumeirah Beach. The hotel is built in the form of a sailboat, it is located at an altitude of 321 m above sea level.
Inside the building, amazing design: a lot dancing fountains, huge aquariums, luxurious apartments with gilded decoration.
Catherine Palace - St. Petersburg
In the city of Pushkin near St. Petersburg, there is another beautiful building with a bright blue facade: the baroque palace of Catherine the Great. Crowds of tourists visit this magnificent structure to admire it, as well as the famous Amber Room, one of the wonders of the world. Particularly impressive is the graceful wing of the palace in the classical style, which was designed by the architect of Catherine II - Charles Cameron.
Guggenheim Museum - Bilbao, Spain
American architect Frank Gehry designed the Guggenheim Museum, which is located in Spain. The most innovative ideas of architecture of the 20th century intertwined in the bold contours of the building. The building, with an area of 24 thousand m2, is a landmark with an innovative design. The museum has radically changed the view of modern architecture. During the construction of the building, titanium was used with lines that change color in the sun.
Great Mosque - Djenne, Mali
South of the Sahara is one of the most beautiful buildings in the world - the mosque, which was built African tribes from clay bricks. architectural complex built in 1906 and is largest building in a world that is completely built of dirt. In 1988, the mosque was included in the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage List.
Sagrada Familia - Barcelona, Spain
One of the main attractions of Spain, the symbol of Barcelona is Sagrada Familia or Sagrada Familia, which was designed by Antoni Gaudí. The architect spent 40 years building this Gothic cathedral. After the death of Gaudi, his associates continued to build the temple, it is worth noting that work continues to this day. According to the project, the completion of the construction of the church is expected in 2026.
Taj Mahal, India
This majestic building is located in India, on the southern bank of the Yamuna River. The Taj Mahal is a mausoleum complex that took 20 years to build. Used in its construction white marble, which changes color depending on sunlight or moonlight. The building was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1983. The Taj Mahal is considered to be one of the most magnificent buildings in the world.
Wat Rong Khun - Thailand
Wat Rong Khun or "White Temple" is one of the most famous temples in Thailand. The uniqueness of the building is that it stands out for its crystal whiteness and sparkles in the sun. The temple was designed by a famous Thai artist. The building is yet to be improved. It is assumed that there will be nine buildings with halls for relics, meditation and living quarters for the monks.
Sheikh Zayed Mosque - UAE
One of the largest mosques in the world, the Sheikh Zayed Mosque in Abu Dhabi is built of marble and can accommodate 40,000 people. The building was completed in 2007. White marble, brought from 28 countries of the world, was used in its construction. In the main hall there is a huge lamp weighing 9 tons, decorated with Swarovski crystals.
Church of the Savior on Blood - Russia
The Church of the Savior on Blood is one of the most beautiful buildings in the world and is located in St. Petersburg. The impressive church began to be built in 1883. majestic building decorated with colorful towers, interiors with mosaics and unique exterior decoration.
Golden Temple - Amritsar, India
The Golden Temple (Harmandir Sahib) is a stunning building in India, erected in the middle of a lake. The building was destroyed and rebuilt several times. The style of the temple features Hindu and Muslim architecture, which is enhanced by the reflection in the water. It is believed that the building is a holy place and, being here, one must pray.
Shanghai Tower - China
The Shanghai Tower is one of the tallest and most beautiful buildings in the country. It surpasses in height even such buildings as the Jin Mao Tower and the Shanghai World Finance center. The height of the building is about 650 meters, and total area- 380 thousand m
World Trade Center 1 or "Freedom Tower" - New York, USA
Freedom Tower in New York central location at the World Trade Center in Manhattan. It was built on the site of the twin towers destroyed in the terrorist attack. The tower is the tallest building in the US.
Lotus Temple - Delhi, India
The Lotus Temple in New Delhi is one of the most beautiful temples India. Designed by Iranian architect Fariborz Sahba. Previously, on the site of the building there was a mystical settlement of Baha Pur - "Bach's Dwelling". The second name of the Bahai temple is Lotus - the Mother of all temples on the Hindustan peninsula. Its magnificence has earned it many awards in architecture.
Grand Lisboa Casino Hotel - China
The Grand Lisboa was designed by renowned Hong Kong architects Dennis Lau and Ng Chun Meng. This impressive skyscraper with a height of 260 meters has 58 floors! Gaming establishments in the building began their work in February 2007. The entire surface of the hotel-casino is a screen of complex configuration. This solution is considered innovative.
Cathedral Mosque of Cordoba - Spain
The Cathedral Mosque of Cordoba in Spain is decorated with intricate patterns, mosaic ornaments and openwork columns. A few centuries ago, an ancient Roman temple stood on this site, then a Visigothic church, and in 785 Mesquita appeared. The pilgrimage to Cordoba was even equated with the obligatory hajj for every Muslim to Mecca.
St. Peter's Basilica - Vatican City, Italy
St. Peter's Basilica - one of the main attractions of the Vatican - is rightfully considered the heart of the Vatican and the entire Catholic world. From a bird's eye view, stunning views of ancient Rome open up, and from the top of the dome you can admire the interior of the cathedral.
Bayon Temple Complex - Siem Reap, Cambodia
Bayon is one of amazing temples located on the territory of Angkor Thom and was his religious center. The “highlight” of Bayon is the towers with many faces carved from stone, silently looking from a height on the vast territory of Angkor Thom, and in the heyday of the state - on the entire Khmer Empire. Initially, there were 54 towers, which symbolized the 54 provinces under the rule of the king. Today, only about 37 towers have survived.
Shwedagon Pagoda - Yangon, Myanmar
One of the most majestic and spiritual buildings in Myanmar is the Shwedagon Pagoda. The entire complex is located on an area of more than five hectares. In addition to the main building, there are many sculptural images of mythical and real animals around it: golden griffins, elephants, dragons and lions.
Australian War Memorial - Canberra
Australian War Memorial - main memorial, dedicated to the memory of soldiers who died during the First and Second World Wars. Today it is considered one of the most significant monuments this kind in the world. The memorial is located near the Parliament building, from the balcony of which a panoramic view of the monument opens.
Mall - Las Vegas, USA
The Fashion Show Mall is the only large mall of its kind in Las Vegas. On the territory of the building there are 250 boutiques, shops and six department stores of famous brands. The center opened in 1981, over the years it has grown to 175 thousand square meters. There is also a huge hall for fashion shows.
Music Building - China
This creative building called Piano House was built in China according to the project of architecture students. The building consists of two parts depicting two instruments - a transparent violin resting on a translucent piano.
The original building was built for music lovers, but it has nothing to do with music. There is an escalator in the violin, and an exhibition complex in the piano.
Siena Cathedral - Italy
According to the legend of the chroniclers, at the beginning of the 13th century, the inhabitants of the city-state of Siena, which acted as the main rival and opponent of Florence, “called on their leaders to build a temple more magnificent than that of their neighbors.” Thus, in the period from 1215 to 1263, the Duomo of Siena was founded on the site of the old temple according to the plan of the Gothic master Niccolò Pisano. Today this majestic temple is the main attraction of the city.
Milan Cathedral (Duomo) - Milan, Italy
One of significant places Milan is the Gothic Cathedral of Santa Maria Nashente (Duomo), which was built from 1386 until the early 19th century. The attraction is the third largest Catholic church, which is even considered one of the wonders of the world. Its hundred-meter spiers rise above the center of Milan, and the golden statue of the Madonna on the longest spire (four meters high) is visible from many parts of the city.
Sydney Opera House - Australia
The Sydney Opera House is one of the most recognizable buildings in the world. Its architect was the Dane Jorn Utzon. Having designed the original roofs, somewhat reminiscent of shells, he made Sydney a magnificent gift - a symbol of the city. Today, every tourist, planning to visit Australia, must include an excursion to the majestic opera house in the program of his trip.
Angkor Wat - Siem Reap, Cambodia
Cambodia's Angkor Wat is one of the largest temples ever built. places of worship. It was built almost 9 centuries ago. It is located on an area of 200 hectares and is surrounded by a moat 190 meters wide. A temple was built in honor of the god Vishnu, who is revered in this area.
Built at the end of the 15th century by the Italian architect Aristotle Fioravanti. For three centuries it was the main temple of the Muscovite state. The oldest fully preserved building in Moscow. Fragments of the original frescoes made by the icon painter Dionysius remained on the walls. In 1547, Ivan the Terrible was crowned here for the first time. Later, all Russian emperors were crowned in this temple, starting with Peter II. In 1918, the cathedral was closed, in 1955 it was opened as a museum, and in 1990 services were resumed on solemn days.
Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye
The first hipped temple in Russia, built in 1528-1532. The architect of the church was supposedly the Italian Peter Francis Gannibal, but in the Russian chronicles Peter Fryazin or Petroko Maly is listed. According to legend, the construction of the temple is associated with the birth of Ivan IV, the long-awaited heir to the Grand Duke.
The interior of the temple has not been preserved. In the 16th century, the church was renovated, after which the floor of white and gray ceramic tiles was damaged and laid upside down. At the same time, the royal gates that have survived to this day appeared near the temple. The last restoration was carried out in 2002-2005, as a result of which the wooden structures of the roofs over the porches were completely destroyed.
Yaroslavsky railway station
In 1862, a small station of the Yaroslavl railway was built between the Red Pond and the Nikolaevsky railway station. In 1900, the Ministry of Railways entrusted the architect Lev Kekushev with a radical restructuring of the passenger hall, and then Fyodor Shekhtel was invited to correct his project. A high, like in ancient Russian towers, a roof with a crest crowning it, a wide frieze belt made of shimmering green-brown glazed tiles, majolica inserts with plots based on the "northern" drawings of Shekhtel, a side left tower directed upwards, a giant entrance arch of the vestibule with semicircular pylons - turrets on the sides and a keel-visor. In a deep niche of the pediment under this visor, there were relief symbols of the three great cities that were connected by the Yaroslavl (Northern) railway: the coat of arms of Moscow - George the Victorious, the coat of arms of Yaroslavl - a bear with an ax, the coat of arms of Arkhangelsk - the Archangel Michael defeating the devil.
Metropol Hotel
In the place where the Metropol is now located, since the 1830s there has been a three-story hotel with baths of the merchant Chelyshev (Muscovites called it Chelyshi), designed by Osip Bove. In the 1890s, Savva Mamontov bought the hotel and adjacent plots of land to implement his innovative idea: he planned to organize a grandiose cultural and leisure center in Moscow. The project did not include demolition old hotel, but its radical restructuring. A galaxy of well-known and talented architects and artists worked on the creation of the hotel complex. Paintings and elements of interior decor were made according to sketches by V. Vasnetsov and K. Korovin. In contrast to the facades, designed in strict stylistic unity, the interior decoration is characterized by polystylism: there are interiors in the pseudo-Russian style and in the spirit of neoclassicism.
Profitable house Tarkhova
The profitable house at the corner of Podsosensky and Kazarmennoye lanes was built according to the project of the architect G. I. Makaev in 1903-1904. (The second famous building in Moscow by the same architect is the north wing of the Polytechnic Museum.) The house is an expressive example of the northern modern style and is known as the "house with poppies." Poppies are one of the favorite motifs of Art Nouveau, a symbolic expression of the fact that life is a dream.
During the Soviet era, the apartments were turned into communal apartments, which were resettled in the 1990s. Despite the fact that the building is considered an object of cultural heritage of regional importance, its facades are in disrepair.
Pepper House
Pertsova's house in Moscow was built by the architects N. K. Zhukov and B. N. Schnaubert in 1905-1907 according to the sketches of the artist S. V. Malyutin, the author of the Russian nesting dolls. As planned, Moscow tenement house Pepper, also known as the House-Fairy Tale, was supposed to be a work of art in itself. The building has an unusual and complex shape, the facade is decorated with rich decor, asymmetrical windows, balconies and tower-like ledges. Old Russian motifs and patterns were used to decorate the house.
Kremlin wall
The most concise and recognizable of the architectural symbols of Moscow is to reproduce the silhouette of the upper part of the wall with dovetail-type battlements in combination with the uncompromisingly red color of burnt brick, even a child can do. The wall is one of ancient buildings cities. The Milanese architects, who supervised its construction at the end of the 15th century, took as a basis the battlements of the castles of the Italian Ghibellines, opponents of papal authority. Simple rectangular battlements distinguished the style of the fortresses of the papist-Guelphs, and therefore they were in no way suitable for the citadel of the Orthodox faith.
Insurance company "Russia"
Two buildings of this elegant residential building on Sretensky Boulevard were built in 1899-1902 by architects N. M. Proskurin and A. I. von Gauguin. The house was originally built for a very wealthy audience. A ventilation system was installed that not only supplied the premises Fresh air but also filtering and moisturizing it. To ensure uninterrupted power supply, a private power plant was installed in the basement, and eight boilers provided heating. An artesian well 50 meters deep was also drilled for water supply at the house. As befits, the posh house had both electric elevators and a laundry room for residents. Many of the upper apartments had glass ceilings, which was especially appreciated by the artists.
South entrance of the Krasnye Vorota metro station
An early or first exit from the Krasnye Vorota metro station was opened along with the station on May 15, 1935, as part of the first launch section of the Sokolniki Moscow Metro - Park Kultury. The above-ground vestibule is located along the axis of the Red Gate, dismantled in 1928, and is made in the form of four hemispheres nested into each other according to the project of the architect N.A. Ladovsky. Many Muscovites call this exit "shell". In 1938, the exit project and the station itself were awarded the Grand Prix of the International World's Fair in Paris. In 1952, the first turnstile in the history of the metro was installed in the lobby. In 1986, Lermontovskaya became the first Moscow metro station to get its historical name back.
The building of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation
One of the seven "Stalin skyscrapers". The building was built in the period from 1948 to 1953 according to the project of architects V. G. Gelfreikh and M. A. Minkus and designers S. D. Gomberg and G. M. Limanovsky. The height is 172 meters. Initially, the building was erected without a spire, but on the orders of Stalin in 1952, the final cascade in the form of a decorative spire was completed in two weeks (the visual discrepancy between the elements of the facade and the spire is clearly visible from Smolenskaya Square). The building of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has become a model for all other Moscow skyscrapers.
"White City" on Belorusskaya
The first phase of the business center was built in 2006-2009. According to the plan, the white-stone church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker was to become the fundamental element of the complex, in which large-scale restoration work was carried out with the assistance of construction investors. The complex consists of two 15-storey and one 6-storey building. Two more towers are planned to be completed in 2013. In the center of the "White Square" is located light and music fountain. It is planned that soon live concerts and open-air exhibitions will be held here.
North River Station
The building of the river station was built simultaneously with the Moscow canal even before the Khimki reservoir (on the bank of which it is located) was filled in 1937 according to a joint project of architects A. M. Rukhlyadev, V. F. Krinsky, sculptors I. S. Efimov and artist N I. Danko. The station was conceived as a symbol of Moscow - the "port of five seas". The building is in the form big ship. The spire is crowned with a star, which was on the Spasskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin in 1935-1937. The hammer and sickle are inlaid with Ural gems. From the Northern River Station you can go on a cruise on routes to St. Petersburg, Astrakhan, Rostov-on-Don. Pleasure boats depart from the pier to the Bay of Joy and Troitsky.
Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary
The largest Catholic cathedral in Russia, the Cathedral of the Archdiocese of the Mother of God, headed by Archbishop Metropolitan Paolo Pezzi. One of the two active Catholic churches in Moscow, along with the Church of St. Louis of France (1830, architect Gilardi). The temple was built in 1901-1911 (finishing was completed later). The author of the project is F. O. Bogdanovich-Dvorzhetsky. The Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary is a neo-Gothic three-nave cruciform pseudo-basilica. It is believed that for the architect the prototype of the facade was gothic cathedral in Westminster Abbey, and the prototype of the dome is the dome cathedral in Milan. Since 2009, the educational course "Western European Sacred Music", dedicated to Gregorian chant and organ improvisation, has been held within the walls of the cathedral.
House of Culture named after Zuev
One of the brightest examples of constructivism. Named in honor of a participant in the uprising of 1905, a locksmith of the tram depot S. M. Zuev. Built in 1927-1929 on Lesnaya Street, designed by architect Ilya Golosov. The project was born under the influence of cubism and is built on a combination of asymmetrically arranged regular geometric bodies. The compositional center of the building is a vertical glass cylinder, on which, as it were, the entire building with unusually large window surfaces is “put on”.
Residential complex Copper House
Erected in 2003-2004. The complex was designed by architects S. Skuratov, V. Ryzhkov, N. Ishutina, Yu. Kovaleva, A. Medvedev, P. Karpovsky, P. Shalimov, N. Demidov and V. Danilov. As conceived by the authors, the composition of the building expressed the specifics of the area. The narrow, long building plot is played up as a metaphor for the transition: by connecting Zachatievsky Lane with Prechistenskaya Embankment, the house "builds bridges" to the shores of new domestic architecture. The architect Skuratov called the house "the Mannerheim line", which distinguished between intelligent architecture and products of domestic building practice. The Copper House residential building was accepted into the collection of the best buildings of 2003-2004 in the Museum of Architecture. Shchusev.
Profitable house of Isakov on Prechistenka
The house, built in 1904-1906 according to the project of the architect L. Kekushev, is one of the most striking examples of Art Nouveau in Moscow. During the construction of the house, Kekushev strove for maximum asymmetry and used all the possibilities of the site for this. As a result, the part of the building that overlooks the courtyard has six floors, and from the side of the street - five. Main staircase divides the building into front and back parts, which are offset from each other by half a floor in height. Thanks to this layout, each landing could be used to enter the apartment.
Shukhov tower
The Moscow radio tower on Shabolovka was built in 1920-1922 by engineer V. G. Shukhov. The height of the tower is 148.3 meters, which is two times lower than the original project. However, at that time the tower was the tallest in Russia. The Shabolovskaya tower was built on the principle of mesh hyperboloid towers, which is a direct invention of Shukhov. Seventeen years after the opening of the tower, on March 10, 1939, a television program was broadcast from it for the first time - a documentary film about the opening of the XVIII Congress of the CPSU (b). The image of the Shukhov Tower was used as the emblem of Soviet television, in particular, the Blue Light program. In 1941, a mail plane crashed into the tower as a result of a malfunction, but due to its solid construction, the tower was not damaged. The tower has never been restored and this moment needs expertise.
The history of the building begins in 1857. TSUM is made in gothic style with modern elements. In the 1880s, the building was bought by Scottish merchants Andrew Muir and Archibald Merilize, the founders of the Muir and Merilize trading company. In 1908, a new building was built according to the project of the architect Roman Klein, the author of the project of the Museum of Fine Arts. A. S. Pushkin. For the first time in Russia, reinforced concrete was used during construction. The new method made it possible to dispense with the traditional wide columns and use iron and steel structures to significantly increase the window space. Last time The building was renovated in 2007.
Pashkov House
One of the main monuments of classicism in Moscow. Built in 1784-1786. It bears the name of the customer - Lieutenant of the Life Guards Semenovsky Regiment Pyotr Yegorovich Pashkov. The architect is presumably Vasily Bazhenov. A distinctive feature of the mansion is two main facades: one facing the roadway has a more solemn look, the second is a manor, more modest look, located in the courtyard. The original color of the building was orange, but under Emperor Paul the color was changed. Under him, the statue of Minerva was removed from the dome. In 1914, the architect Shevyakov built a double-height hall. In 1986, during the construction of the Borovitskaya metro station, Pashkov's house was damaged and was on the verge of destruction. Until 2007, it was under reconstruction. Today the building belongs to the Russian State Library.
Publishing house of I. D. Sytin "Russian Word"
The building was rebuilt in 1904-1906 from a mansion of the early 19th century. for Ivan Sytin, a Russian publisher and educator who produced mass editions of cheap editions of Russian and foreign classics. During the restructuring, the architect A. E. Erichson used the achievements of the construction technology of that time: reinforced concrete ceilings based on metal beams and load-bearing structures. The architect abandoned the corridors required for "office" places - instead of them, he designed spacious halls that unite large and bright rooms. The external design is complemented by a tiled frieze between the second and third floors, stucco female masks, patterned balconies lattices, made according to the sketches of the artist I. Bilibin. In 1979, during the reconstruction of Gorky Street, the house was moved 33.5 meters from the corner of Pushkin Square to Nastasinsky Lane and placed on a new foundation.
