Artificial islands and reclaimed shores. artificial island

The creation of artificial islands is an interesting and profitable activity for their owners. What is it for? To provide new territory their country and make it more attractive for tourists. In this article we will talk about the artificial islands of the world.

river decoration

Man can compete with nature, creating new objects where he needs, giving them the necessary form, inhabiting different types animals by planting plants and using them as you see fit. The largest artificial island has recently been built in Seoul. total area it amounted to 20,382 sq. m. It is located on the Hangang River and is kept by buoys and chains connecting it to the shore. This artificial island consists of three parts that are connected to each other. Each of them has its own purpose. On the first, with an area of ​​10,845 sq. m, there is a three-story conference hall for 700 people. The second, also with an area of ​​10,845 sq. m, equipped for concerts, exhibitions and conferences. Off the coast of the third, with an area of ​​4164 sq. m, competitions are held on the water. The construction of artificial islands is expensive. It cost $80 million to create this. Hangang River - tourist facility, whose popularity was raised in this way.

Off the coast of the UAE

Dubai has also created artificial islands. Three "palms" and two archipelagos are located off its coast. The largest of them is an artificial island called Palm Deira. It began to be built in 2004. The crescent moon crowns the structure, the same as in other similar man-made creations, only bigger size. This is a breakwater. Its length is 21 kilometers, and it is considered the largest in the world. Palm Deira is designed for human habitation. It can accommodate 1,000,000 people at the same time. The middle palm is called Jebel Ali. It began to be built in 2002. Its coastline is gradually being built up with bungalows on stilts. Most small island- Palm Jumeirah. It was built between 2001 and 2006. There are houses and hotels on the island, shopping centers and parks as well as restaurants. Artificial islands are not all the wonders of these places. Between them are archipelagos built by human hand - the World and the Universe. One of them reminds appearance continents the globe. This is the Mir archipelago, the largest of the man-made. The islands are open to purchase, but the price will not scare away only the richest people on our planet. Buyers are building luxury villas there. There are 300 islands in the archipelago, all of them have names. Russians - Rostov, Ekaterina, Siberia - have already been bought by our compatriots.

Let's increase the area

The Japanese also have artificial islands. Thus they save the space of their country. If there is not enough space, use additional, artificially created areas. Airports are located on five of these islands. One of them - in Kobe - began to build in 1971. However, the airport opened there only in 2006. The island turned out to be so big that it also contained several hotels, an IKEA store, parks, a Coffee Museum, a conference room and a heliport.

Suitable for relaxation

There are also artificial islands in other parts of the world. There are 7 such facilities in Florida. Six of them are used for residential construction, and on the seventh, people relax and have picnics. These islands are connected to the mainland by bridges. Man-made islands lie to the east of Bahrain. They are located luxury real estate and there is a special land law. The islands of Amway are protected by hydraulic pipes filled with sand to protect them from the elements of water. Islands worth 15 billion dollars were built on the coast of Qatar, 350 meters from Doha. Their length is 323 kilometers, presumably 45,000 inhabitants can be settled on them.

All the way around

One of the largest artificial islands is located in the Netherlands. It was built without pouring stones, soil and sand into the water, but on the contrary, draining the soil. It began in 1920, when the construction of dams began near the Zuiderzee. Thus, gradually by 1950, the province of Flevoland was formed. It consists of two plots of reclaimed land separated by dams. Three large artificial islands on which people live are located in California. These are Collins, Little Balboa Island and Balboa Island. Tourists often come here, so a street has been created especially for them, on which there are many entertainments, cafes and souvenir sales are organized.

For birds

Artificial islands are built not only for people. For example, near the city of Kimberley in South Africa in 2006, an S-shaped island was erected for birds to settle on it. The work was carried out under the guidance of the ornithologist M. Anderson. People independently equipped several thousand bird nests. Flamingos, for which this reserve was intended, began to actively breed and filled the entire island. There are very few similar nesting colonies of these birds in the world.

It happened

To raise artificial islands above the surface of the water, it is necessary to pour a lot of soil into the water. Surely, after the construction of tunnels under the East River, a lot of it was mined. Therefore, an island was formed, which was named Belmont in honor of the man who invested cash in the construction of the tunnel in 1907. But it also has an unofficial name - U Thant. So he was named by a religious group in honor of the former Secretary General of the United Nations. They erected a metal arch there with a box containing Tan's personal belongings.

My own boss

Some people build their own artificial islands. And they use not quite ordinary materials for this. So did the Briton Richie Sova. He built his island from several thousand plastic bottles, which were wrapped in fishing nets and placed on wooden pallets. All 18 meters he covered with sand, planted with plants, even arranged a pool in which ducks live. Such an island does not swim far from the coast. If you need to get to the mainland, which is only 20-30 meters away, the Briton swims up on his island, like on a raft.

If there is not enough space

An island was built not far from Alaska, designed to pump out oil. The construction was carried out by British Petroleum. They had to do this because the site previously used for such purposes was inconvenient, small and did not protect against dangerous cluster ice. Man harms nature as much as he can. The problem with where to store waste is only growing every year. In the Thilafulu lagoon near the Maldives, they accumulated so much that they formed whole island. Although much of the waste was far from safe and even toxic, there are some industries operating on this island.

How about us?

Russia also has artificial islands. Moreover, some of them were poured several centuries ago. For example, about. Turtle in the Sea of ​​Azov, located 2 kilometers from the Taganrog harbor. It was created as a sea fortress on the orders of Peter I. This island had an oval shape, and got its name from a large number of shells, in the language of that time - turtles. The fortress was destroyed, but in 1746 there was a watch on the island. Since the end of the 19th century, a lighthouse has been working on it. In the 20th century, military weapons, oak piles, cannonballs, nails and other items of the Petrine era were found on it. In Russia, it is also planned to create an archipelago of the Federation in the Black Sea, near Sochi. Its total area will be 250 hectares.

Alluvium artificial banks- technology mastered in many countries. Until recently, the Palm Jumeirah Islands in Dubai were considered the eighth wonder of the world - palm-shaped islands that are visible even from space, as well as hundreds of islets in the form of an image of a world map - The Eighth Wonder. But there are similar examples in other countries. For a state in which you can only live in coastline, it makes sense: small islands and indented bays"palms" create a multi-kilometer coastal zone.

PalmIslands in Dubaipalm treesislands»)

Man-made archipelago in the United Arab Emirates "Palm Islands in Dubai" consists of three islands in the Persian Gulf - "Palm Jumeirah" (Palm Jumeirah), "Palm Jebel Ali" (Palm Jebel Ali) and "Palm Deira» (Palm Deira).

The islands, or rather the peninsulas, since they are connected to the mainland, are made in the form of traditional Arab countries date palms, by the way, very revered in Islam. Each island is crowned with a crescent moon at the top. It performs the function of a breakwater and at the same time is a Muslim symbol. The islands are also surrounded by protective barrier reefs. At the "Palm Jebel Ali" they are inscriptions on Arabic, namely - quotes from the poems of the ruler of Dubai - Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum (Mohammed bin Rashid al Maktoum ): “In order to leave lines on the water, insight is needed; Great people set themselves great goals. Draw wisdom from the one who has it; Not everyone on a horse is a rider."

The Palm Islands were the first major projects that conquered the world with their uniqueness - the state company A lNakheel Properties, their construction cost $ 7 billion.

TheEighthWonder ("Peace")

Total area - 55 sq. km - this is about 300 islands, repeating the continents of the Earth. Project lead developer The World− Nakheel Company. The idea of ​​creating such an archipelago belongs to the Crown Prince of the Emirate and Minister of Defense of the UAE, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum. The purpose of the archipelago is construction luxury real estate for sale to private owners, tourist centre. The total cost of the project is $2 billion.

Finding a place for the future project of bulk islands turned out to be quite difficult. The coastline was occupied by the "Palm Islands". Then it was decided to build islands 4 km from the coast.

"Peace" in contrast to the same " Palm Islands» is not connected to the continent, there are no bridges. All building material was brought in by sea, sand was scooped from the bottom of the Persian Gulf and sprayed over the construction site to create islands. The following problem had to be solved: when sand was poured, the waves and the current washed it away. A strong dam was needed to protect the islands. The engineers took the breakwater as a basis, which is a pyramid-shaped wall reinforced with boulders weighing 6 tons. stepped. The idea was suggested Coral reefs. The design works in several stages, reducing wave energy from 100 to 5%. The wall of the first stage takes half of its strength from the wave. Then the friction of the wave on the shallow water increases and, having hit the second stage, the wave again loses its strength. Finally, when the wave reaches the top of the breakwater, it almost stops.

In April 2004, the first island appeared out of the water, it was named "Dubai". In the months that followed, the northwest "America", "Asia" and "Middle East" took shape. In May 2005, 15 million tons of stone were dumped into the bay. However, as Mir grew, so did the danger of stagnation. sea ​​waters could turn green and turn into swamps. This was facilitated by the fact that there was no current along the islands. The ecology of this region was in serious danger. But the engineers found a solution that "saved the world." They were the blades that were made in the breakwaters. Also, for the rapid circulation of water, engineers deepened the channels.

The advantages of human-made sushi are being replaced by unforeseen disadvantages. So, The Islands Eighth Wonder go under water by 5 mm annually. Opponents of the construction of artificial islands believe that such global projects cannot be carried out until a full study of the impact on the environment has been carried out.

The largest bulk land projects in the world

Durrat Al Bahrain Island, Bahrain

The cost of the project is $ 1.2 billion. It is an archipelago of 13 artificial islands located on a plot of 20 million square meters. m. It consists of six atolls (islands with coral lagoons), five islands in the form of fish, a crescent island, which houses five-star hotels, an 18-hole golf course, 12 bridges and a marina.

Island for Kansai International Airport, Japan

Located in the center of Osaka Bay, on the sea shelf of the cities of Sennan, Izumisano and Tairi (Osaka Prefecture). artificial island It is 4 km long and 2.5 km wide. Construction began in 1987. The construction of the breakwater was completed in 1989 (built from 48,000 concrete tetrapods). The project is the most costly in modern history, it required 20 years of planning, three years of construction, and $20 billion in investment to reclaim the island and build an airport.

City of IJburg, Netherlands

The city appeared as a result of the expansion of the territory of Amsterdam and was built on six artificial islands, washed up in Lake IJ. In the future, it is planned to wash four more islands. Upon completion of construction, 18,000 households for 45,000 residents will be located on the islands and employment will be provided for 12,000 people.

Are there uninhabited islands in the middle of Europe? Is it possible to create an island out of dust, and what does an "island inside out" look like? Artificial islands, man-made pieces of land, often appear in extremely harsh conditions. Read about the most beautiful and unusual of them, real and projected, in our Water Gallery.

1. Simakao (Singapore). Two eternal troubles island states- lack of territories and waste disposal. Entrepreneurial Singaporeans have found a solution to both problems. Eight kilometers from Singapore, the island of Simacao rises from the ocean. The building material for it is solid household waste. First, they are burned, simultaneously providing energy to the plant and nearby areas, and then, along a specially built road, the resulting ashes are transported to the island. new island it will definitely not be washed away by waves - the engineers built a rigid frame for it. And so that the wind does not blow away valuable dust, it is pre-moistened with water and covered with metal plates. The $400 million island is scheduled to be completed by 2040.

2. Kansai (Japan). Island-airport in the middle of a raging element. It is surprising that the Japanese, accustomed to coping on their own, created only the island itself, but the design of the airport was entrusted to the Italian Renzo Piano, one of the founders of the high-tech style. Construction air harbor in the middle of Osaka Bay, three reasons contributed: investment attractiveness region, lack of land and noise pollution. Away from the coast, planes can safely take off and land without stunning civilians. The construction of the island, 4 km long and 1 km wide, required 10,000 workers, 80 ships and 21 million cubic meters of soil.

3. Notre Dame (Canada). The only island on our list not built in the sea... but on the Saint Lawrence River in the province of Quebec. Only the name unites it with the famous Parisian cathedral, because the main function of the island is relaxation and entertainment. The material for it was 15 million tons of soil extracted during the construction of the Montreal Metro in 1965. At any time of the year, you can find something to your liking here. In summer, the beach and bike paths open. Ice skating rinks are open in winter. In the off-season, the main visitors to the island are the players of the Montreal casino. In addition, a Formula 1 stadium was built on the island, bearing the name of the great Canadian racer Gilles Villeneuve, where the Canadian Grand Prix takes place.

4. Pearl of Qatar (Qatar). Elite area of ​​Doha - the capital of this small Arab state built on an artificial island. houses, hotels, shopping malls- and all this splendor 350 meters from the coastline. The name of the island was not chosen by chance. Before colossal oil deposits were discovered in the Persian Gulf, the main income for the budget of Qatar was brought by pearl mining. The area of ​​Pearl Qatar is 4 million square meters, and the length of its coastline is 32 km. Construction on the island is still ongoing. The plans include a project of several twin quarters European cities such as the French Riviera or Venice.

5. World Islands (UAE). The world's largest artificially created archipelago. It is located 4 km from the coastline, and its total area is 55 sq. km. The idea of ​​building artificial islands in the form of a map of the world belongs to Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum, the Minister of Defense of the UAE. It was originally planned that there would be seven islands in the form of terrestrial continents, but then their price would have been absolutely sky-high. Therefore, the "continents" were divided into many small islands ranging from 14 to 83 thousand square meters. By the way, as conceived by the architects, no bridges were built to the archipelago, and it can only be reached by water.

6. Islands of the Federation (Russia). A large-scale project in the image and likeness of the artificial islands of Qatar and the Emirates was going to be carried out in our country. Unfortunately, it still remains a project. It was planned that the archipelago would consist of three islands. In addition to the Federation, the outlines of which will exactly repeat the borders of Russia, the developer expected to build two satellite islands with the poetic names of Sakura and Young Moon. The supposed place of the alluvium is the water area near Sochi, opposite the Maly Akhun mountain. Federation Island is 2.5 km long and 1.5 km wide. The total area of ​​the islands under the project is about 250 hectares.

7. Flevoland (Netherlands). The largest artificial island on the planet with an area of ​​2.4 thousand square kilometers. On its territory fits the youngest province of the kingdom with the same name, founded only in 1986. In fact, this is an island "inside out". The inhabitants of the Netherlands did not follow the example of the states that wash up islands in the middle of the sea. A country with centuries of experience in dealing with excess water just ... drained an entire lake! The large-scale project was implemented for 13 years. Until now, powerful pumps are operating in the province, pumping the incoming water back into the sea. By the way, the so-called water bridge serves as a kind of gateway to Flevoland. It is not bicycles and cars that move along it, but boats and other small vessels.

8. Venetian Islands (USA). A chain of seven artificial islands, created in Florida, in Biscayne Bay between the cities of Miami and Miami Beach. Only six of them are inhabited. It was decided not to build any housing on Flagler's Monument Island, making this paradise favorite place for picnics local residents. Initially, it was planned to wash much more man-made territories in the bay and even build a dam. However, mother nature intervened inopportunely in the plans. A hurricane in 1926 caused significant damage to the city and plunged the state of Florida into the Great Depression. Old piles protruding from the water are still reminiscent of the collapse of the American dream.

9. Peberholm (Denmark). A miracle island that combines sustainability, high technology and strange culinary humor. Not far from it lies the natural Saltholm (Salty Island). The fact is that Denmark and its closest neighbor Sweden are connected by a bridge that smoothly turns into an underwater tunnel. They wanted to make Saltholm a transition point, but the government listened to the opinion of environmentalists and decided to build an artificial island for this purpose. Along the way, an interesting eco-experiment was conceived: upon completion of the work, Peberholm was generally forbidden to touch. Since 2007, only biologists can visit the island, and only once a year. Nature itself decides how and with whom to populate the island. On this moment There are 500 species of plants on the island, mice, hares and about 25 species of birds.

Dubai is one of the most amazing resort places not only in the UAE, but throughout our planet. This desolate place combines achievements modern technologies And ancient culture the Arab people.

Artificial islands in Dubai a prime example use of modern technologies in the process of improvement of the tourist city.

Artificial island Palm Jumeirah in Dubai and its photo

The peninsulas on the territory of the United Arab Emirates are an artificially created archipelago.

Between it there are also artificial peninsulas called "World" and "Universe", created by a human hand and consisting of small archipelagos.

The brightest and large archipelago in the UAE is the artificial island of Jumeirah in Dubai. The archipelago consists of three largest islands, each of which is created in the shape of a palm tree.

The photo of artificial islands in Dubai shows that they are all made in the form of date palms, traditional representatives of the flora for this area:

In the photo, the artificial island of Palm Jumeirah in Dubai looks quite beautiful, unusual and very original:

It is the smallest of the three peninsulas that make up Jumeirah. The creation of an artificial island in Dubai has become significant achievement in the history of world culture. The architects began to work on the creation of the project in July 2001, after 5 years it was already commissioned for construction.

The world-famous Palm Jumeirah consists of a trunk, 16 leaves and a crescent that surrounds the entire peninsula, forming an 11-kilometer breakwater. The crescent, which is visible to the naked eye from the Moon, is a barrier that protects the skeleton from sea ​​waves. The total area of ​​Jumeirah palm is 800 football fields, and the length of the coastline is 520 km.

Now this artificially created archipelago is the most popular resort worldwide. It has more than two dozen luxury hotels and tourist complexes. The peninsula is surrounded on all sides warm waters Persian Gulf. All this creates favorable conditions for calm. provides excellent opportunities for organizing active rest for divers. During the implementation of the peninsula project for connoisseurs of scuba diving, artificial reefs were created and several old aircraft were deliberately flooded. So mysterious undersea world The archipelago attracts many tourists from different corners peace.

Other artificial peninsulas in Dubai

In addition to the famous Palm Jumeirah, there are other artificial peninsulas in Dubai:

Palm Deira.

Archipelago Mir.

Archipelago "Universe".

Palm Jebel Ali.

Shortly after the creation of Jumeirah, work began on the Jebel Ali project. This palm peninsula is much larger than Jumeirah - it is 40-50% larger and has a more exotic shape.

On the crescent that surrounds Jebel Ali, there are 4 theme parks entertainment - SeaWorld, Aquatica, Busch Gardens and Discovery Cove.

The Deira Palm is larger than both Jumeirah and Jebel Ali. This project has become the most ambitious and long-term.

How artificial islands are created from sand in Dubai?

Many people are interested in how artificial islands are created in Dubai, because it is not possible to see and hear such things every day. The project, developed by experienced architects, provides that commercial and residential real estate will be located on the peninsula. During the construction of the peninsula, sand was used. As you know, there is a lot of it in the UAE, however, this sand is not suitable for construction, because it is too small. This building material, necessary for the creation of artificial archipelagos, was brought from the coast of the Persian Gulf.

During construction, a special vessel was used, which pumped sand from the shallows of the Persian Gulf into the holds. It was delivered to the coast and islands were created. The same sand was poured onto the bottom of the sea in the form of small mounds, which served as the basis for future islands.

Watch the video above about artificial islands in Dubai, which clearly shows the construction process. Sand poured on the bottom of the sea serves as a reliable and solid foundation for the archipelago. To prevent the sand from being washed away by the sea, the archipelago was fenced off with a “barrier reef”, which encircles the entire island in a ring.

In the process of erecting such breakwaters, other technologies were used. First, sand was poured, covered with a cloth on top, and gravel and larger stones were poured on top of it. Such barrier reef able to protect the island even from waves of four meters in height. Many foreign tourists want to relax in such a mysterious and unusually created place.

An artificial island is an island that was built by humans rather than formed naturally. They often serve as a site for the construction of seaports and airports. Below is a list of the ten most amazing artificial islands.

Balboa Island is a complex of three artificial islands (Balboa Island, Little Balboa Island, Collins Isle) located in Newport Beach, California, USA. According to the census conducted in 2000, approximately 3,000 inhabitants live on the territory of Balboa Island (0.52 km2).

Ninth place in the list of ten amazing artificial islands is Amwaj Islands. This is a group of artificial islands located in the Persian Gulf in the northeast of Bahrain, not far from the coast of the island of Muharraq. Cover about 2,790,000 sq. meters.

Kansai International Airport

international Airport Kansai was designed by Renzo Piano and is located on an artificial island in the middle of Osaka Bay near the city of Osaka, Japan. It took 80 ships, 10 million hours of work and 21 million cubic meters of soil to build an island 4,000 meters long and 1,000 meters wide. Kansai Airport is one of the ten most unusual airports in the world.

Pearl Qatar

Pearl Qatar is an artificial island covering almost four million square meters. Located in Doha, Qatar. The initial cost of its construction was $ 2.5 billion. As of January 2015, 12,000 people live on this island. In the spring of 2012, about 5,000 people lived here, and in the spring of 2011, about 3,000.

The Venice Islands are a group of artificial islands located in Biscayne Bay, between the cities of Miami and Miami Beach, Florida, USA. The group includes Biscayne, San Marco, San Marino, Di Lido, Rivo Aldo, Belle Île and Flagler Monument Island - desert island which is now used as a picnic area. It was built in 1920 in memory of Henry Flagler, a pioneer of the railroad industry in the United States.

burj al arab

Burj Al Arab is a luxury hotel located in Dubai, United United Arab Emirates. This beautiful building is the third most high hotel in the world and is located in the sea at a distance of 280 meters from the coast on an artificial island connected to the ground by a bridge.

cheklapkok

Chek Lap Kok is an artificial island that houses the Hong Kong International Airport. Chek Lap Kok was originally a 302-hectare rocky island, but by June 1995, it had become the platform for a new 1,248-hectare airport. It took 44,000 tons of powerful explosives to level it and a large number of excavators.

Port Island is an artificial island located in the city of Kobe, Japan. This island with a total area of ​​833 hectares was built between 1966 and 1981. As of October 2005, 15,120 people live here.

The World or the World Islands is an artificial archipelago consisting of 300 islands, with a general shape resembling the continents of the Earth. Located in the waters of the Persian Gulf, 4 km from the coastline of Dubai, UAE. The islands are made up mostly of sand dredged from the shallow coastal waters near the city. Their construction required 321,000,000 cubic meters of sand and 386 million tons of rock, as well as $ 14 billion. The size of the islands varies from 14,000 to 42,000 square meters, the average distance between them is 100 m. The total area of ​​​​the archipelago is 55 km . sq., which today makes it the largest artificial archipelago in the world. 0