The largest archipelagos Questions and tasks for repetition

Archipelagos - full list archipelago countries and archipelagos belonging to different states broken down by oceans and parts of the world.

What is an archipelago and what are they

Archipelago – it is a complex of islands located close to each other. The geological structure of the archipelagos are similar to each other. According to their origin, they are all:

Mainland

This is the name of the archipelagos, which were originally part of the mainland, but as a result of the movement tectonic plates separated from the land and formed a complex of islands. Most a prime example mainland archipelago - British Isles. Also, they include New Earth, New Zealand.

Volcanic

These island complexes were formed as a result of volcanic activity, or they themselves are volcanoes. Most often, in this case, the island is the top of a huge underground volcano, which looks out from under the water. The brightest representatives of the volcanic archipelagos are the Hawaiian Islands.

coral

A complex of islands that arose as a result of the growth and death of underwater corals. Islands can be in the form of a ring or a semicircle - they are called atolls. Most of the coral archipelagos are located in the Pacific Ocean. The most famous coral archipelago is the Marshall Islands.

alluvial

The island complex natural origin. They are complex hydraulic structures that are installed in water areas. Alluvial islands formally do not have the status of archipelagos and islands, since they are not natural objects. The most famous man-made archipelago is Palm Island located in the Emirates.

Of course, they are not deserted and many have small states. The islands that make up the territory are in contact with each other and have a geographical and political unity.

On this moment in the world there are about 30 state-tv located on the archipelagos. They include the Philippines, Indonesia, Fiji. Archipelagic lines are used for contact between the islands. All water space within these lines belongs to the archipelago-state.

The largest archipelagos

There are a huge number of archipelagos on our planet. The largest of them are

Malay
Japanese Islands
British Isles.

The Malay Archipelago is considered the best and largest in the world. Its area is 2 million square kilometers, and it includes more than 10,000 islands. Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines are located on the lands of this giant. On the Malay archipelago, there are many volcanoes and mountains, as well as many gas and oil fields. Fishing and agriculture predominate among the population.

The second largest archipelago in the world is the Canadian Arctic. It is located in the Arctic Ocean. The area of this archipelago is approximately 1.3 million sq. km. The main population is the Eskimos. This complex includes the islands of Ellesmere, Victoria, Baffin Island. The relief of the archipelago is made up of various trains, mountains and plateaus.

The next major archipelago is known to everyone - these are the very Japanese islands. They include many small islands, each of which is interconnected. Most of them are occupied by mountains and volcanoes, as well as coniferous forests. The very geological situation there is extremely unstable - there are earthquakes, tsunamis. The bulk of the population is located directly on the Japanese island. The marine industry is highly developed - the extraction of fish and crabs.

And last but not least, the archipelago is the British Isles. Its area is approximately 320 sq. km, the archipelago includes Great Britain, Ireland and many other small cities. Great Britain and Ireland are two states that are located on this territory.

List of archipelagos

This list contains all the existing archipelagos of the world. For our convenience, I divided them on a territorial basis - the oceans where they are located, as well as into territorial subgroups of islands. Each of the lists is alphabetical order for your comfort. If there is a state on the territory of the archipelago, this will be noted in the list. You can find every archipelago on the planet, learn about it and maybe consider it as a holiday destination.

Archipelagos of the Arctic Ocean –

complex northern islands located close to the Arctic. Cold climate and low population density :

Franz Josef Land
Canadian arctic archipelago
New Siberian Islands
Belcher Islands
Severnaya Zemlya
New Earth
Svalbard
Queen Elizabeth Islands

Archipelagos of the Atlantic Ocean

a vast complex of clusters of islands scattered in the Atlantic Ocean. This includes a number of European and African archipelagos, as well as the island complexes of North and South America. This includes the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, and of the British Isles:

archipelagos along the coast of Europe

British Isles
Inner Hebrides
Outer Hebrides
hebrides
channel islands
Isles of Scilly St Kilda
Faroe islands
Shetland

Archipelagos along the African coast

Bay of beautiful islands
Archipelago dos Bihagos
Bajuni Islands
Saint Helena
Saad al-Din
Sao Tome
Tristan da Cuna

Bermuda
Outlands
Canadian Arctic Archipelago
Turks and Caicos Islands
Tierra del Fuego
Magdalena Islands
St. Peter and Paul Rocks
Fernando de Noronha
South Sandwich Islands
islands

Macarenesian archipelagos -

Åland Islands
Azores
wild islands
Canary Islands
Madeira Islands

Archipelagos of the Baltic Sea

Ostergetland archipelago
Södermanland Archipelago
Småland archipelago
Calix Archipelago
Turku Archipelago
Pitea Archipelago
Lulea archipelago
Skellefteo archipelago
Haparanda archipelago
Heregrande Archipelago
Sea of the archipelago
Western Estonian archipelago
Stockholm archipelago
Swedish east coast archlag

Archipelagos of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean

Archipelago of Los Roques
Large Antilles
West Indies
Virgin Islands
islands
Lesser Antilles
windward islands
ABC islands
Leeward Antilles
Puerto Rican Islands
Leeward Islands
Florida Keys

The archipelagos of the Mediterranean

Campanian archipelago
Maddalena archipelago
Balearic Islands
Venetian lagoon
Dodecanese
ionian islands
Cyclades
sporades
Tuscan archipelago

Archipelagos of the North Sea

Frisian Islands

Archipelagos of the Indian Ocean

The complex of archipelagos located on the territory of the Indian Ocean. Differ tropical climate and heat. The archipelagos here consist of a large number of small islands. One of the brightest representatives is the artificial World Archipelago :

Andaman Islands
Archipelago Bonaparte
Pirate archipelago
Chagos Archipelago
archipelago research
Mergui archipelago
Zanzibar archipelago
Amirant Islands
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Comoros
Langkawi
Lakshadweep
Kerguelen Islands
Mascarene Islands
World Archipelago
Nicobar Islands
Mozambique Channel Islands
Socotra
Houtman Abrolhos

Archipelagos of the Red Sea

Hurghada archipelago
Farasan Islands
Dahlak archipelago

archipelagos of the pacific ocean

this is the most large complex archipelagos. This includes a huge number of islands and all the world's largest archipelagos. Of particular interest are the Asian archipelagos - the number of islands that make them up is the largest in the world. This complex includes both the archipelagos of the Americas and the aforementioned Asian ones, as well as the archipelagos of the circumtropical countries. The climate varies from temperate to tropical:

Archipelagos along the coast of the Americas

Andreyanovsky Islands
Aleutian Islands
Alexandra Archipelago
Chiloe archipelago
Archipelago Guatecas
Guayaneco archipelago
Chonos Archipelago
Peytagonic Archipelago
Wellington Archipelago
Queen Adelaide Archipelago
Fox Islands
Channel Islands California
Islands of the Four Mountains

archipelagos along the coast of Asia

Ryukyu archipelago
Asian islands
Gorong Archipelago
Rio Archipelago
Tambelan Archipelago
Tadjuh archipelago
Watubela Archipelago
Cuyo Archipelago
Sulu archipelago
Chumphon archipelago
Solor archipelago
Big Islands of Sunda (Sunda)
Arc Gang

Question 1. How does air temperature change with height?

When rising above the Earth's surface, the air temperature in the troposphere drops by 6 degrees for each kilometer of ascent. This is due to the fact that the air warms up from the surface of the Earth, when it has a positive temperature and it turns out that the higher the air layer, the less it warms up.

Question 2. What is education glacial ice different from the formation of river ice?

Unlike the ice that covers our rivers and lakes in winter, glacial ice is formed not from water, but from snow. In those regions of the Earth where the average air temperature is below 0 ° C throughout the year, the snow that has fallen does not melt, but accumulates. For a long time, the snow turns into a dense granular firn. In the process of further compaction and recrystallization under the pressure of the overlying snow layers, the firn becomes real ice. The ice in the glacier becomes plastic under the influence of its own gravity and begins to spread.

Question 3. Are there glaciers in your area? Why?

No. Since we don't have high mountains And most the temperature stays above zero.

Question 4. What should be the height of the mountain so that a glacier forms on its top, if the average summer air temperature at its foot is +10 ° C?

Approximately 1700 meters. The temperature varies with altitude by 0.6 degrees per 100 meters in humid air and 1 degree per 100 meters in dry air.

The temperature difference is 10 degrees. Because a glacier can only form at temperatures below 0 degrees. In moist air, the equation looks like this: x \u003d (10 x 100) / 0.6 \u003d 1666.6 meters, approximately 1,700 m. In dry air like this: (10 x 100) / 1 \u003d 1000 meters.

Question 5. How do mountain glaciers differ from integumentary glaciers?

Mountain glaciers are very diverse in size and shape - depending on the topography of the mountains. Cover glaciers are in the form of shields or domes. The relief of the land surface does not affect their shape, it is hidden under a layer of ice.

Question 6. How are glaciers depicted on a map?

Images of glaciers are drawn in white or bluish color, with a blue outline.

Question 7. How does glacier water participate in the global water cycle?

They give rise to rivers, many of which carry water to dry areas. Where the cover glacier descends into the ocean (on the shelf), blocks of ice break off from it - icebergs. One medium-sized iceberg consists of the same amount fresh water which a small river can carry in a year.

QUESTIONS AND TASKS FOR REVIEW

Question 1. Give a description of the hydrosphere, using the plan for describing the lithosphere on p. 70, task 2.

1) water, ice, groundwater, clouds.

2) from several millimeters to several kilometers.

3) the oceans, lakes, seas, rivers, streams, precipitation, glaciers.

5) movement of water masses, water cycle.

Question 2. Draw from memory a diagram of the world water cycle.

Question 3. Show on the map: a) two archipelagos; b) two inland seas; c) two marginal seas; d) any bay of the Atlantic Ocean; e) a strait connecting two seas of two oceans and separating two countries located on two continents.

a) Tierra del Fuego, Japanese islands; b) Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea; c) the Laptev Sea, the Yellow Sea; d) the Bay of Fundy; e) the Suez Canal.

Question 4. Compare the geographical position of the Caribbean and Mediterranean seas.

Similarities: 1. Both seas are close to the equator. 2. Both seas have islands and peninsulas. 3. Both seas have access to the ocean. 4. Both seas have shared ocean. 5. Both seas have straits.

Differences: 1. The seas are in different climatic zones. 2. The seas are in different hemispheres. 3. The seas have different time origin. 4. Different lithospheric plates.

Question 6. Why salinity Baltic Sea less than the salinity of Red?

Many freshwater rivers flow into the Baltic Sea, but none into the Red Sea. In addition, it often rains in the Baltic, and there are almost none in the Red Sea area, the temperature of the Red Sea is higher than that of the Baltic, therefore, water evaporates from it faster.

Question 7. How are ocean currents different from waves? Show warm and cold currents on the map.

Currents are the movement of masses of water over distances, waves are standing vibrations of water. Warm currents are directed from low latitudes to high latitudes, and cold currents are directed to low latitudes.

Question 8. The water temperature of the first current is +2 °C, and the second - +20 °C. Which of these currents is warm and which is cold?

A current with a temperature of +2 is cold (+2 is close to sub-zero temperatures at which water freezes) +20 is warm.

Question 10. Compare the geographical location of the Volga and Ob rivers.

The Volga originates in the Valdai Upland, flows into the Caspian Sea, and belongs to the internal drainage basin. It has a mixed diet, spills in the spring, the nature of the flow is calm. It has tributaries: the largest Oka and Kama. navigable. Used for irrigation.

The Ob originates in the Altai Mountains and consists of two rivers, the Biya and the Katun. It flows from south to north, flows into the Kara Sea. Refers to the basin of the Arctic Ocean. The river is fed mainly by snow. During the period of spring-summer floods, the river brings the bulk of the annual flow.

Question 11. What geographic features have coordinates: a) 42° N. sh. and 79°W d.; b) 6° N sh. and 62°W d.? How did these objects come about?

A) Niagara Falls; b) Angel Falls. With a horizontal occurrence of hard and soft rocks in the channel, the river erodes soft rocks, resulting in a step of solid rock. If the step is high, the river rushes down from it in the form of a waterfall.

Question 13. Determine the geographical position of the lakes: Lake Ladoga and Lake Victoria.

Ladoga lake- located in the northwest of the Eurasian continent. Area - 17700 sq. km, the greatest depth is 230 meters. The type of the lake basin is glacial-tectonic. 35 rivers flow into Lake Ladoga, and only one - the Neva - originates. IN southern half lakes - three major bays: Svirskaya, Volkhovskaya and Shlisselburgskaya lips.

Victoria is located in East Africa. It is located at an altitude reaching 1134 m above sea level. Formed in the tectonic trough of the East African Platform. Area 68000 sq. km. Greatest depth 275 meters ( average depth 80 meters). It is the 2nd largest fresh lake world after Lake Superior and the most big lake in Africa by area.

Question 14 additional sources information, prepare a message on the importance of forests for cleanup river waters and for drought and flood control. When preparing your message, use the concepts that you learned while studying the topic "Hydrosphere". You can accompany your message with a computer presentation.

Forests can die during the construction of reservoirs or major roads that disrupt the underground flow of groundwater. In adjacent to the reservoir low places and along roads, groundwater approaches the surface. This is called flooding. Species such as linden, oak or pine are not adapted to life on waterlogged soils and die. To reduce the damage from flooding in such areas, trees are planted that suffer less from excess moisture (poplar, alder, willow).

Oceans are huge bodies of water separated by land areas. Pacific Ocean- the largest, occupies almost half of the area of the World Ocean - 180 million km². Atlantic Ocean- two times less than the Pacific. From north to south, it has almost the same length as the Pacific, but much narrower. Indian Ocean- less than the Atlantic. But three continents can fit on its area: both Americas and North Africa. Arctic Ocean- located in the very north of the planet, so its shores are all southern

The sea is a part of the ocean, separated from it by islands or peninsulas, differing from it in the properties of water, currents, and organisms living in it. inland seas- these are the seas that protrude far into the mainland Marginal seas - these are the seas located on the outskirts of the continents

Reception of determining the geographical position of the sea Plan Scope of actions 1. Name 2. Geographical position: a) in the oceans; b) in relation to other objects 1. Name and show the sea; determine which ocean it belongs to, how it is separated from it 2. Determine: a) in which part of the ocean, between which meridians and parallels is the extent; b) what part and coast of what continents and islands it washes; what straits are connected to the oceans and seas Option 1 - Black Sea Option 2 - Mediterranean Sea Option 3 - Arabian Sea

Mark on contour map Peninsulas: Arabian, Indochina, Hindustan, Labrador, Scandinavian, Somalia, Iberian, California, Florida. Islands: Greenland, New Guinea, Kalimantan, Madagascar, Iceland, UK, Tasmania. Archipelagos: Greater Sunda, Canadian Arctic, Japanese, Philippine, New Zealand, Greater Antilles, Hawaiian, Tierra del Fuego. Seas: Philippine, Arabian, South China, Caribbean, Mediterranean, Bering, Caribbean, Red, Okhotsk, Black, Japanese. Bays: Bengal, Guinean, Hudson, Mexican, Great Australian. Straits: Bering, Gibraltar, Drake, Magellan, Malacca, Mozambique.

I remember that as a child, for me, all the small patches of land in the middle of the ocean were called islands. The truth was revealed when I saw the book "The Gulag Archipelago" on the shelf and asked what the first word meant.

What is an archipelago

This word hides a cluster of islands that are close to each other. However, Greenland and Iceland, although located quite close, are still not an archipelago in total. The islands that make up a real complex most often have the same origin:

Respectively, geological structure the islands are similar. There are, of course, exceptions, when objects originated in different ways, but they are in the minority.

Archipelagos of noteworthy size

Of course, I started looking for them on the map from the oceanic territories around my native Eurasia. The largest should be called the Japanese and British Isles, the areas of which are 370 thousand and 325 thousand km2, respectively.

More named will be the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, which includes 36,563 objects, and its territory is 1,424 thousand km².

The Greater Sunda Islands, which stretch between Asia and Australia, are almost the same size. Together with the Lesser Sunda Islands, they form the Sunda Archipelago with with total area in 1,700 thousand km2.

Nearby is a group of islands - New Zealand (268.7 thousand km2) and Moluccas(83.7 thousand km2).

If you look at the section between the South and North America, then Cuba and Haiti are clearly visible on the map. They, like more than 40 nearby islands, are part of the Antilles. They occupy an area of 228.6 thousand km2.

It is worth mentioning the well-known Novaya Zemlya archipelago, whose size is 83 thousand km2.