What is an archipelago? Malay, Arctic, Canadian, Alexander, Japanese, Chagos, Solovetsky archipelagos. What is an archipelago in geography

Dictionary Ushakov

Archipelago

archipelago g, archipelago, husband. (Greek Archipelagos) ( geogr.). Group sea islands located in close proximity to each other. (By name Greek archipelago, those. islands Aegean Sea, which itself is otherwise called the Archipelago.)

Gasparov. Entries and extracts

Archipelago

♦ "Zhabotinsky, like Garibaldi, represented humanity as an archipelago, where each nation is a separate island."

♦ E. Panofsky wrote: the education of a German student is an archipelago of flowering islands, separated by abysses of ignorance; the education of the American is a powerful dry plateau.

Naval Dictionary

Archipelago

a group of islands located at a short distance from each other and usually having the same origin (volcanic, coral, etc.) and a similar geological structure. There are mainland archipelagos ( New Earth), coral ( Marshall Islands), volcanic ( Hawaiian Islands).

Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language (Alabugina)

Archipelago

A, m.

A group of sea islands located close to each other.

* Archipelago of the Kuril Islands. *

Lexicon of a tourist

Archipelago

a group of islands located close to each other and considered as one.

encyclopedic Dictionary

Archipelago

(Italian arcipelago), a group of islands located close to each other and usually having the same origin (mainland, volcanic, coral) and a similar geological structure.

Ozhegov's dictionary

ARCHIPEL A G, A, m. A group of closely spaced sea islands.

| adj. archipelago, oh, oh.

Dictionary of Efremova

Archipelago

m.
A group of sea islands located at a short distance from each other and
usually having the same origin and similar geological structure.

Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron

Archipelago

(Archipelagos, Archipel) - a geographical term denoting a collection of a large number of individual islands, entire groups or chains of them, lying close to each other and making up a common connected system. The identity or similarity of the formation of the soil and the structure of the mountains, the relatedness of the flora and fauna of all the islands belonging to the archipelago, and even the nearby continents - indicate that the archipelagos are nothing more than parts of the mainland or big islands, uniformly dissected by Neptunian or Plutonic force. I differ therefore two kinds of A.: 1) continental (mainland) and 2) pelagic (marine, that is, formed from large islands). The last form, which is mainly in the Pacific Ocean, belongs to: A. - Lord Molgrava (Marshall and Gilbert Islands), A. - Tonga, or Partnerships, A. - Sandwich Islands, etc. Continental A located near the shores (continents), usually strongly dissected and indented, or form a connecting chain between two large continents, as, for example, A. de los Chonos (Chiloé Islands), Patagonian, Arctic (on far north America), etc. special attention deserve: Kolumbov A. (Antilles), Indian A. and Greek A.

Greek A. fills the northeastern part mediterranean sea, between the shores of Rumelia (Thrace) in the north, Asia Minor in the east, Macedonia and Greece in the west; it ends in south side elongated in a long line between Laconia and Rhodes, the island of Crete, in the southeastern part of the Mediterranean Sea, free of islands and expanding in the direction from west to east. All the islands of A., which have to be considered as an island extension mountain ranges Asia Minor, often protruding far into the sea, are divided into several large groups or rows. Thrace includes the islands located south of its coast: Tazos, Samothrace, Imbro, and the lying further on Stalimene (Lemnos) together with Aistrati. The islands of the coast of Asia Minor, partly quite large, belong to the Taurus system, such as Tenedos, Mytilene, Chios, Ipsara, Samos, the Sporades (see this next) and Rhodes. This latter, being the southwestern continuation of Asia Minor, serves as the beginning of a series of islands separating the A. basin to the south and having the vast Crete as its center. The islands of Scarpanto (Karpato) and Caso serve as intermediate links in the chain that runs eastward from Crete to Rhodes; in the west it passes in a similar way through the islands of Cherigoto and Cherigo to the Peloponnese. Further divisions of the mainland of Hellas, to which the immediately adjacent Euboea belongs, form the so-called. the northern Sporades Islands and the Skyros group, which extends in a northeasterly direction to the Thracian Chersonis, as well as the numerous Cycladic Islands (see this next), which, in two or three main rows directed to the east, extend from Cape Kolona ( Sunnium) in Attica and from Euboea almost to Caria. These various rows of islands cut across the sea, dividing it into several natural basins. The northern and middle parts of the ancients bore the name of the Aegean Sea (see this next), which is now given to all the waters of A. southeastern part was called Icarus, southwestern - between the Cyclades and Crete - the Cretan Sea. Just as the whole of Greek Africa has the character of a neighboring continent in relation to the soil, animal, and plant kingdoms, so the fate and fate of individual islands and their groups has always been connected with the fate of Greece and Asia Minor. From 475 (BC), until the battle of Egospotamos (in 405), they were under the dominion of Athens, then powerful on the sea, later Sparta, in 3 7 6 BC, they returned again under the dominion of Athens, after the battle of Chaeronea they fell under the rule of Macedonia, later, together with Greece and the states of the Diadochi, under the rule of the Romans. After the division of the Roman Empire in A.D. 395, A.A. remained in the possession of the Byzantine emperors until the Latin Crusade. The Venetian Marco Sanudo conquered in 1207 the islands of Naxos, Paros, Antiparos, Santorini, Anafi, Argentieru, Milos, Sideno, Policandro, and others, and, being a vassal of the Latin Byzantine Empire, took the title of Duke of Dodecannis, or Archipelago. His successors owned, under the name of the Dukes of Naxos, most of these islands; this dynasty was replaced by the Crispo family (since 1383), after Lombardo Francesco Crispo, a relative of the dynasty that owned the islands, seized power in an open rebellion. The new dynasty held the islands until the last duke, Jacopo IV, was imprisoned by Sultan Selim II and the islands were given to the Sultan's Jewish banker, Juan Míques, who from then on owned them under the name "Don José Nasi", Duke of Naxos and Cyclades. When this new duke died on August 2, 1579, the islands were united directly to the Turkish Empire, on very light terms. A. remained in the power of the Turks until the founding of the Greek kingdom, when the Cycladic, sowing, were ceded to the latter. Sporades Islands and Skyros. Greek A. is also called simply "Archipelago". This name appeared simultaneously with the beginning of the Venetian domination in Greek waters, but it is not even among the Greeks themselves. It is looked upon as a corruption of the name Aegaeum Pelagus (Aegean Sea). The Turks call A. - Ak-Denis (White Sea).

Ex., number of synonyms: 45 aland islands(1) alexandra archipelago (1) ... Synonym dictionary

- (Greek archipelagos, from archi chief, and pelagos sea). 1) a group of islands located close to each other. 2) the sea, formerly called the Aegean: part of the Mediterranean between Greece, Macedonia and Asia. Dictionary of foreign words included in ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

- (Archipelago) a group of islands lying at short distances from each other. One and the same A. may include islands of different origin. Depending on which islands form their basis, A. are primordial, or mainland, coral ... Marine Dictionary

archipelago- A group of islands lying at short distances from each other and considered as a whole, distinguish between the archipelagos of the mainland (Canadian Arctic Archipelago), coral (Marshall Islands) and volcanic (Hawaiian Islands) ... ... Geography Dictionary

- (Italian arcipelago) a group of islands located close to each other and usually having the same origin (mainland, volcanic, coral) and a similar geological structure ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

ARCHIPELAGO, archipelago, male. (Greek Archipelagos) (geographic). A group of sea islands located in close proximity to each other. (After the name of the Greek archipelago, that is, the islands of the Aegean Sea, which itself is otherwise called the Archipelago.) Explanatory ... ... Dictionary Ushakov

ARCHIPELAGO, a, husband. A group of closely spaced sea islands. | adj. archipelago, oh, oh. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

Husband, Greek kupa islands, a collection of many islands in one common feature; multi-island, co-island, islet, islet. | Own. eastern, island part of the Mediterranean Sea. Archipelagic, generally related to islanders; island; ... ... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

- [Greek] gr. islands lying at a short distance from each other, most often having the same origin and more or less similar geol. structure. Distinguish volcano, coral and continental A. Geological Dictionary: in 2 volumes. M .: Nedra ... Geological Encyclopedia

- (Italian archipelago), a group of nearby islands in the ocean or sea, most often having the same geological structure and origin and considered as one. Ecological encyclopedic dictionary. Chisinau: Main edition ... ... Ecological dictionary

Books

Archipelago, Nikolai Poberezhnik. The catastrophe divided people's lives into "before" and "after" the Wave. And the understanding came - the end of the world is not so terrible as what will happen later. The continents have changed their appearance, and the survivors are putting on maps ...
Archipelago, Nikolai Poberezhnik. The catastrophe divided people's lives into "before" and "after" the Wave. And the understanding came - the end of the world is not so terrible as what will happen later. The continents have changed their appearance, and the survivors are putting on maps ...

If at school you didn’t study geography too hard, then the meaning of some geographical terms may remain incomprehensible to you.

For example, not all of our compatriots know exactly what an archipelago is in geography. In the mass consciousness, the phrase of the odious essay by A. Solzhenitsyn “The Gulag Archipelago”, associated with the repressions of the 30s of the 20th century, is tightly fixed. However, in reality, an archipelago is just a group of islands in the sea or ocean.

What is an archipelago?

First, let's remember what an island is - it is a relatively small piece of land, surrounded on all sides by the waters of the sea or ocean. Islands are large, hundreds of square kilometers in area, and very small, with a dozen or two meters in diameter. They differ not only in size, but also in the way of formation.

Some islands are formed as a result, others due to coral growth, and so on. A lonely island in the middle of the sea is just an island and nothing more, but if there are many of them, they are located close to each other and have common origin- then a group of islands can be safely called an archipelago.

So, we found out that an archipelago is a group of islands located close enough to each other, which were formed as a result of similar processes. The last rule has several exceptions: sometimes islands with different origins are included in the archipelago if they are located nearby.

Many archipelagos form island states: the most famous of them are Japan, Great Britain, Indonesia, the Philippines, Denmark, etc. However, most of the archipelagos are part of the mainland states, near the coast of which they are located, or whose citizens were discovered and colonized. In total, today there are about 30 archipelago states, but more than half of them, formally considered independent, are actually under the protectorate of the United States or Great Britain.

Types of archipelagos

The main criterion by which archipelagos are classified in geography is the method of their formation and the geological structure.

In accordance with it, the following types of archipelagos are distinguished.

— Mainland groups of islands were once part of the land, but due to tectonic processes of subsidence, parts of the earth's crust were separated from the mainland by a body of water. This British Isles, New Zealand, Novaya Zemlya, etc.

— Volcanic archipelagos formed as a result of what happened millions of years ago volcanic activity. Every island is a peak giant volcano, the ejection of lava from which was so great that the resulting cone protruded from the water. Volcanic origin has the Hawaiian archipelago, Kuril archipelago and etc.

— coral archipelagos are chains of islands formed as a result of the vital activity of corals. Often such islands form a semicircle or a ring with a lagoon in the middle. The most famous archipelagos of this type are the Marshall Islands in the Pacific Ocean, Maldives in the Indian Ocean, etc.

— Alluvial archipelagos- groups of islands of artificial origin. These are quite complex and large-scale hydraulic structures located in close proximity to the mainland and used as recreational areas. The most famous alluvial archipelago is Palm Island in the United Arab Emirates, which is a group of small islands that, when viewed from above, resembles a palm tree.

As a rule, the islands of one archipelago are closely connected with each other not only by a common geological origin, but also common history, traditions of the peoples inhabiting them, economic and cultural relations.

The largest archipelagos

There are more than 150 archipelagos of various sizes on our planet. The largest in terms of area are:

— Malay archipelago, consisting of a total of more than 10 thousand islands and covering an area of about 2 million square kilometers between the Pacific and Indian oceans, on the territory of which there are three island states– Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia;

— Canadian Arctic Archipelago, with an area of more than 1.4 million square kilometers, located in the waters of the Arctic and partially Atlantic oceans and inhabited for the most part by Eskimo peoples;

— Japanese archipelago, covering an area of about 350 thousand square kilometers and entirely state-owned Japan;

— british archipelago , whose area is 315 thousand square kilometers, British-owned and parts of Ireland.

Archipelagos - full list archipelago countries and archipelagos belonging to different states broken down by oceans and parts of the world.

What is an archipelago and what are they

Archipelago – it is a complex of islands located close to each other. By geological structure archipelagos are similar. According to their origin, they are all:

Mainland

This is the name of the archipelagos, which were originally part of the mainland, but as a result of the movement tectonic plates separated from the land and formed a complex of islands. Most a prime example mainland archipelago - the British Isles. Also, they include Novaya Zemlya, New Zealand.

Volcanic

These island complexes were formed as a result of volcanic activity, or they themselves are volcanoes. Most often, in this case, the island is the top of a huge underground volcano, which looks out from under the water. The brightest representatives of the volcanic archipelagos are the Hawaiian Islands.

coral

A complex of islands that arose as a result of the growth and death of underwater corals. Islands can be in the form of a ring or a semicircle - they are called atolls. Most of the coral archipelagos are located in the Pacific Ocean. The most famous coral archipelago is the Marshall Islands.

alluvial

The island complex natural origin. They are complex hydraulic structures that are installed in water areas. Alluvial islands formally do not have the status of archipelagos and islands, since they are not natural objects. The most famous man-made archipelago is Palm Island located in the Emirates.

Of course, they are not deserted and many have small states. The islands that make up the territory are in contact with each other and have a geographical and political unity.

On this moment in the world there are about 30 state-tv located on the archipelagos. They include the Philippines, Indonesia, Fiji. Archipelagic lines are used for contact between the islands. All body of water within these lines belongs to the archipelago-state.

The largest archipelagos

There are a huge number of archipelagos on our planet. The largest of them are

Malay
Japanese Islands
British Isles.

The Malay Archipelago is considered the best and largest in the world. Its area is 2 million square kilometers, and it includes more than 10,000 islands. Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines are located on the lands of this giant. On the Malay archipelago, there are many volcanoes and mountains, as well as many gas and oil fields. Fishing and agriculture predominate among the population.

The second largest archipelago in the world is the Canadian Arctic. It is located in the Arctic Ocean. The area of this archipelago is approximately 1.3 million sq. km. The main population is the Eskimos. This complex includes the islands of Ellesmere, Victoria, Baffin Island. The relief of the archipelago is made up of various trains, mountains and plateaus.

Next large archipelago known to everyone - these are the very Japanese islands. They include many small islands, each of which is interconnected. Most of them are occupied by mountains and volcanoes, as well as coniferous forests. The very geological situation there is extremely unstable - there are earthquakes, tsunamis. The bulk of the population is located directly Japanese island. The marine industry is highly developed - the extraction of fish and crabs.

And last but not least, the archipelago is the British Isles. Its area is approximately 320 sq. km, the archipelago includes Great Britain, Ireland and many other small cities. Great Britain and Ireland are two states that are located on this territory.

List of archipelagos

This list contains all the existing archipelagos of the world. For our convenience, I divided them on a territorial basis - the oceans where they are located, as well as into territorial subgroups of islands. Each of the lists is alphabetical order for your comfort. If there is a state on the territory of the archipelago, this will be noted in the list. You can find every archipelago on the planet, learn about it and maybe consider it as a holiday destination.

Archipelagos of the Arctic Ocean –

complex northern islands located close to the Arctic. Cold climate and low population density :

Franz Josef Land
Canadian Arctic Archipelago
New Siberian Islands
Belcher Islands
Severnaya Zemlya
New Earth
Svalbard
Queen Elizabeth Islands

Archipelagos of the Atlantic Ocean

a vast complex of clusters of islands scattered in Atlantic Ocean. This includes a number of European and African archipelagos, as well as the island complexes of North and South America. This includes the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, and of the British Isles:

archipelagos along the coast of Europe

British Isles
Inner Hebrides
Outer Hebrides
hebrides
channel islands
Isles of Scilly St Kilda
Faroe islands
Shetland

Archipelagos along the African coast

Bay of beautiful islands
Archipelago dos Bihagos
Bajuni Islands
Saint Helena
Saad al-Din
Sao Tome
Tristan da Cuna

Bermuda
Outlands
Canadian Arctic Archipelago
Turks and Caicos Islands
Tierra del Fuego
Magdalena Islands
St. Peter and Paul Rocks
Fernando de Noronha
South Sandwich Islands
islands

Macarenesian archipelagos -

Åland Islands
Azores
wild islands
Canary Islands
Madeira Islands

Archipelagos of the Baltic Sea

Ostergetland archipelago
Södermanland archipelago
Småland archipelago
Calix Archipelago
Turku Archipelago
Pitea Archipelago
Lulea archipelago
Skellefteo archipelago
Haparanda archipelago
Heregrande archipelago
Sea of the archipelago
Western Estonian archipelago
Stockholm archipelago
Swedish east coast archlag

Archipelagos of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean

Archipelago of Los Roques
Greater Antilles
West Indies
Virgin Islands
islands
Lesser Antilles
windward islands
ABC islands
Leeward Antilles
Puerto Rican Islands
Leeward Islands
Florida Keys

The archipelagos of the Mediterranean

Campanian archipelago
Maddalena archipelago
Balearic Islands
Venetian lagoon
Dodecanese
ionian islands
Cyclades
sporades
Tuscan archipelago

Archipelagos of the North Sea

Frisian Islands

Archipelagos of the Indian Ocean

The complex of archipelagos located on the territory Indian Ocean. Differ tropical climate and heat. The archipelagos here consist of a large number of small islands. One of the brightest representatives is the artificial World Archipelago :

Andaman Islands
Archipelago Bonaparte
Pirate archipelago
Chagos Archipelago
archipelago research
Mergui Archipelago
Zanzibar archipelago
Amirant Islands
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Comoros
Langkawi
Lakshadweep
Kerguelen Islands
Mascarene Islands
World Archipelago
Nicobar Islands
Mozambique Channel Islands
Socotra
Houtman Abrolhos

Archipelagos of the Red Sea

Hurghada archipelago
Farasan Islands
Dahlak archipelago

archipelagos of the pacific ocean

this is the most large complex archipelagos. This includes a huge number of islands and all the world's largest archipelagos. Of particular interest are the Asian archipelagos - the number of islands that make them up is the largest in the world. This complex includes both the archipelagos of the Americas and the aforementioned Asian ones, as well as the archipelagos of the circumtropical countries. The climate varies from temperate to tropical:

Archipelagos along the coast of the Americas

Andreyanovsky Islands
Aleutian Islands
Alexandra Archipelago
Chiloe archipelago
Archipelago Guatecas
Guayaneco archipelago
Chonos Archipelago
Peytagonic Archipelago
Wellington archipelago
Queen Adelaide Archipelago
Fox Islands
Channel Islands California
Islands of the Four Mountains

archipelagos along the coast of Asia

Ryukyu archipelago
Asian islands
Gorong Archipelago
Rio Archipelago
Tambelan Archipelago
Tadjuh archipelago
Watubela Archipelago
Cuyo archipelago
Sulu Archipelago
Chumphon archipelago
Solor archipelago
Big Islands of Sunda (Sunda)
Arc Gang

There is such a thing as an "archipelago country". What does it mean? What states can be attributed to this type? And which country is located on 474 islands? The answers to all these curious questions are in our article!

Archipelago as a geographical concept

If you look at the map Pacific Ocean, focusing your attention on its southwestern part, you can see a huge number of islands of different sizes. Very often they are located in groups, forming the so-called archipelagos.

The term itself is of ancient Greek origin and consists of two words: pelages - "sea" and arche - "old, ancient". Initially, this term denoted precisely the group of islands of Ancient Greece.

Islands within the same archipelago, as a rule, have a common genesis and are located on the same plinth (bottom). There are archipelagos of continental, volcanic and coral origin.

Archipelago countries (list)

Each country has its own geographical position. Some states are located within the mainland, other countries - on the islands.

Under the archipelago countries are meant those states that occupy those located close to each other. And we are talking about island groups. That is, for example, it is difficult to attribute Croatia to this type, because its main part is located on the mainland.

The following are all archipelago countries (list):

Great Britain;
New Zealand;
Indonesia;
Kiribati;
Marshall Islands;
Solomon islands;
Seychelles;
Palau;
Tuvalu;
Tonga;
Japan;
Philippines;
Denmark.

It is worth noting that most of States from this list is located in South-East Asia and Oceania - the most "island" regions of the planet.

Which country is located on 474 islands?

As we see, in modern world there are more than a dozen archipelago states. In this list, one country is located on 474 islands. What is it called?

This country is Denmark. She is in Northern Europe, just between the mainland and Scandinavian peninsula. Indeed, this country is located on 474 islands. All of them are characterized by low-lying relief and sandy soils. Only 70 of these islands are inhabited by people. The largest of them are Zeeland, Bornholm, Lolland.

Denmark is one of the oldest powers in Europe. formed in the tenth century. By the way, the national flag of Denmark is also the oldest in the world. A banner with a white cross on a red background has been known since the 13th century.

Modern Denmark is in the top ten of many world rankings. We are talking about the level of education, health care, democracy, human development and GDP per capita. In addition, the Danes have repeatedly been called the happiest nation in the world.

We offer you some more interesting facts about Denmark:

located in the Danish capital Copenhagen famous park recreation "Tivoli", which served as a prototype of the famous "Disneyland";
Denmark is the first country in which same-sex marriage became legal;
The Faroe Islands, as you know, belong to Denmark. However, few people know that he won them at cards from the Norwegian monarch;
Strøget boulevard in the center of Copenhagen is the longest walking street in Europe;
it was in Denmark that one of the most famous and recognizable writers on the planet, Hans Christian Andersen, lived and worked;
Danes are forced to pay one of the highest personal car taxes in the world;
Perhaps the most famous Danish product on the world market is the Lego children's designer.

Finally...

Now you know which country is located on the 474 islands. There are 15 archipelago states in the world, which are located in different parts of the world.