The largest countries in South East Asia. Climate of Southeast Asia. Materials on the Internet

Southeast Asia is one of the most dynamic regions in the world. Here are very different countries. they are united not only by proximity geographical location but also an intensive search for ways to further the effective development of society. This is not always possible. Hence the acute problems and conflicts. Indonesia is the regional leader.

Indonesia

General information. Official name- Republic of Indonesia. The capital is Jakarta (over 10 million people). Area -1900000 km 2 (15th place in the world). Population - more than 230 million people (4th place). Official language- Indonesian. The monetary unit is the Indonesian rupiah.

Geographical position. Indonesia is the most Island state peace. It occupies completely big islands like Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, most of Kalimantan and half of the island New Guinea. In addition, Indonesia owns thousands of small islands located between the Indian and Pacific oceans. On land, Indonesia directly borders Malaysia and papua new guinea. The geographical position is generally favorable for the development of the economy. Indonesia is located on the sea routes between the Indian and Pacific oceans, where the powerful states of the world are now located - the USA, China, Japan and India.

History of origin and development. About 2 thousand years ago, the Hindus brought Buddhism to the Indonesian islands. From the 7th to the 13th century n. e. there was an empire under the leadership of the Hindus. At this time, the island of Java gradually became the center of the creation of Indonesian statehood. At the beginning of the XVI century. first the Portuguese and Spaniards appeared in the Malay Archipelago, and then the Dutch. In the latter, they managed to conquer the local Muslim states, from which they created a colony. During World War II, Indonesia was invaded by Japan. After the defeat of Japan in 1945, a republic was proclaimed. In the future, Indonesia experienced more than one crisis. There were massive violations of human rights, abuses of power, corruption flourished, which led to riots in 1998

State structure and form of government. Indonesia is a unitary state, a presidential republic. The head of state and government is the president. Legislative power belongs to the Council of People's Representatives. His term of office is 5 years. supreme body state power is the People's Consultative Congress. The country is divided into 28 provinces, 2 special regions, 1 special district.

Natural conditions and resources. In the geological sense, Indonesia is a young, seismically active region, where the process of mountain building continues. There are more than 100 volcanoes, devastating earthquakes occur, which are often accompanied by tsunamis. In 1883 Krakatoa volcano exploded here. It was the largest eruption in human history.

More than half of the country is covered by mountains. The most high point Indonesia Jaya (5029 m) is located on the island of New Guinea.

The equatorial and subequatorial climate prevails. During the whole year average monthly temperature fluctuates from +25 ° С to +27 ° С. From 2000 to 4000 mm of precipitation falls annually. There are two monsoons in winter and summer (northwest and southeast).

There are no major rivers. They are short, but full-flowing. Almost 2/3 of the territory is covered with moist equatorial forests. They have many valuable species of trees. Diverse and rich animal world, represented by elephants, rhinos, tigers, monkeys.

Indonesia has significant reserves of various minerals. There are energy carriers - oil and gas, coal and brown coal. Deposits of ore minerals are being developed - iron and manganese ores, bauxite, copper, tin, uranium, cobalt, thorium, silver and gold. Among non-metallic minerals, sulfur, phosphorites, asbestos, table salt stand out.

population. Indonesia, like many other countries, has a very unevenly distributed population. With an average density of more than 120 people per 1 km 2, individual islands are almost uninhabited, and on the island of Java, the population density approaches 1000 people per 1 km 2. There is no other country in the world where the population would be so isolated from each other on different islands and over long distances. With a high birth rate and low mortality, there is a significant natural increase in the population (16% o). The urban population is a minority (40%). Many millionaire cities. In addition to the capital Jakarta, it is also Surabaya (more than 3 million people), Bandung (about Out of a million people), Medang (more than 2 million people).

Indonesia extremely colorful National composition. None of the nationalities has an absolute majority: Javanese - 33%, Sunds - 15 Minangkabau - 12%, etc. In total, there are more than 500 peoples living on their ethnic lands. Sunni Muslims predominate among believers (88%). There are also Christians (8%), Hindus (2%), Buddhists (1%).

Economy. Indonesia is an agro-industrial power. Almost 70% of the economically active population is employed in agriculture. Small farms predominate. The area of ​​large plantations is growing. Agricultural land occupies only 8% of the country's territory. The main crops are rice (the country ranks 3rd in the world in terms of cultivation), coffee (4th), tea (5th). They also grow sugar cane, coconuts, tobacco, and oil palm. The traditional occupations of the peasants are the collection of natural rubber (2nd place in the world), sisal (agave), copra. The main food products are rice, corn, cassava, soybeans, etc. Animal husbandry plays a supporting role. Fishing and harvesting of valuable tree species (sandalwood, teak, etc.) are more common.

The leading industry is mining, primarily the extraction of oil and natural gas, which is carried out by foreign companies, mainly Japanese. This industry provides up to 60% of foreign exchange earnings. Indonesia is the world's largest producer of liquefied natural gas, which is transported to Japan. Among the energy carriers, the extraction of hard and brown coal also stands out. The production of non-ferrous metals, gold and diamonds is growing.

Light and food industries are traditionally developed. The first is now dominated by textile, clothing and footwear. Crafts are very common. Unique are the famous hand-painted batik fabrics, woven mats, ivory carvings, etc.

Over the past decades, modern industries have been developing quite rapidly in Indonesia: aerospace, radio electronics, shipbuilding, automotive, etc. Production in the chemical and petrochemical industries is growing at a faster pace. The industry is rapidly diversifying. New industries are emerging and old ones are being reconstructed and expanded. Indonesia now produces paper, tires, matches, glass, cement, bricks, etc.

The island nature of the country determines the dominance of maritime transport in it. Indonesia has a huge number of seaports and marinas. The fleet has more than 2 thousand ships. In terms of the length of railway lines (7 thousand km), Indonesia is inferior to even small states in terms of area and population. Length highways is more than 300 thousand km. Increasing value air transport in both domestic and international traffic.

Culture and social development. Indonesian cultural and historical heritage is extremely rich and varied. For example, on famous island Bali has more than 20 thousand (!) Temples. Traditional holidays and ceremonies take place here more than 200 days a year. In the largest cities unique museums, for example, in the capital Jakarta, the Museums of Indonesian and Javanese culture. Lots of great art galleries and exhibitions. On the island of Java, world famous temple complexes: Hindu - Pram - banana and Buddhist - Borobudur. In Indonesia, 85% are literate. The average life expectancy is 67 years.

The Republic of Indonesia recognized Ukraine on December 28, 1991 Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on June 11, 1992 by signing a joint communique on the establishment of diplomatic relations. The Embassy of Indonesia has been working in Kyiv since April 1994

Questions and tasks

1. How insular position Indonesia affects the development of the country?

2. Give a description natural conditions and resources of Indonesia.

3. Name and show on the map Largest cities Indonesia.

4. Which sectors of the Indonesian economy use its historical and cultural heritage?

conclusions

Asia is a part of the world, colorful in every sense, where yesterday, today and the future are intricately intertwined. The largest number of regions (6) will be highlighted here. Each of them has one or more regional leaders.

Regions of Transcaucasia and Central Asia represented by former republics Soviet Union, are trying to solve a lot of hereditary problems and get rid of colonial dependence on Russia.

Southwest Asia has concentrated on its territory the most acute political problems of the world. The confrontation between Israel and the Islamic world, the national liberation struggle of peoples, the war in Iraq, Afghanistan, the conflict between Iran and the United States, Israel are far from complete list local contradictions.

South and East Asia is experiencing rapid economic growth and modernization in all spheres of life. Regional leaders China, Japan and India in terms of GNP are now consecutively the second, third and fourth countries in the world. In Southeast Asia, the most Islamic country our planet - Indonesia.

Test control

1. The countries of Transcaucasia include:

a) Turkmenistan;

b) Georgia;

c) Afghanistan;

e) Armenia;

e) Azerbaijan.

2. Georgia borders on the following countries:

a) Turkey;

b) Russia;

c) Uzbekistan;

d) Moldova;

d) Azerbaijan;

e) Iraq.

3. Which of these statements are correct:

A) most of Georgia lies in the subtropical climate zone;

b) the largest natural wealth Georgia is a recreational resource;

c) the capital of Georgia is the city of Kutaisi?

4. The countries of Central Asia include:

a) Azerbaijan;

b) Pakistan;

c) Turkmenistan;

d) Tajikistan; d) Kyrgyzstan;

e) Uzbekistan.

5. In Uzbekistan, the population is:

a) 45 million people;

b) more than 25 million people;

c) 125 million people.

6. Specify the correct statements:

a) Uzbekistan is a unitary state, a presidential republic;

b) the climate of Uzbekistan is maritime;

c) length railways Uzbekistan 90 thousand km.

7. The countries of Southwest Asia include:

c) Afghanistan;

d) Saudi Arabia;

e) Thailand.

8. monetary unit Iraq are:

9. Which statements are true:

a) the capital of Iran is Tehran;

b) there are many large rivers in Iran;

c) Is pig breeding predominating in Iran's animal husbandry?

10. The countries of South Asia include:

a) Sri Lanka;

b) Myanmar;

d) Cambodia;

d) Maldives;

e) Pakistan.

11. What place does India occupy in terms of population in the world:

a) the first;

b) second;

c) third?

12. India gained independence in:

13. East Asian countries include:

a) Republic of Korea;

b) Philippines;

c) Vietnam;

d) Mongolia;

14. The area of ​​China is:

a) 3300000 km 2;

b) 9600000 km 2;

c) 3800000 km 2.

15. Indicate the correct statement in your opinion:

A) largest river China is the Yangtze;

c) China ranks 5th in the world in terms of wheat cultivation.

16. Japan land borders with the following countries:

a) Russia;

b) Korea;

17. The countries of Southeast Asia include:

a) Bangladesh;

c) Myanmar;

d) Philippines; d) Mongolia; D) North Korea.

18. What climate prevails in Indonesia:

a) tropical;

b) subtropical and temperate;

c) equatorial and subequatorial?

Comrades, since such a booze has gone on, let's talk?

For 4.5 months we traveled 8 countries of Southeast Asia (except for the Philippines, Brunei and East Timor) and on this occasion, at my leisure, I drew such a diagram with a comparative description of these countries.

Opinions like "what, Indonesia - wonderful country, I rested in Bali for a week" in my opinion they are not quite suitable here. Impressions from independent travelers who rode local transport, lived with natives, etc., etc.

A little more about each country under the cut. Naturally, based on own experience and IMHA :)
.
Myanmar. Dreamland. All the shortcomings in the form of poverty, government troubles and problems with the entire social sphere (lack of the Internet, a ban on exchanging money ...) are compensated by an angel-like population and amazing sights in their beauty and unusualness.

Malaysia. Asian Europe. Great service, nice people and interesting cities. The only drawback is the high cost, which, in principle, can be avoided by living in cheap guest houses and eating in Chinese eateries.

Laos. Officially called Lao PDR. Tourists stands for "Lao please don" t rush". Mountain country with nice people and interesting things. The prices are low. There are no special delights.

Thailand. NO. Temples in Myanmar are more interesting, cents in Laos are lower. Pleasant, cute, ideal for relaxation, which is what we are doing in it now.

Cambodia. interesting historical center the capital Phnom Penh and the world-famous Angkor Wat, an ancient temple complex. It seems that the entire economy of the country stands on Anchor. Other than that, there is nothing to see or do. as a single minus - the most annoying taxi drivers in all of Southeast Asia.

Singapore. Very expensive. VERY. Plus it's a city-state, so you don't get to ride much, except around the city on the subway. Licked, fashionable, sterile. Two days is quite enough, because it is interesting as a phenomenon.

Vietnam. It would be interesting if it weren't for the people. People in Vietnam are not good, especially in the North. They are impudent, tactless, disrespectful, try to cheat from scratch, check all payments to the last penny - God forbid, you didn’t give them something. And the impression of the country depends on the impression of the locals. But over time it turned out that it also had its advantages: good transport system around the country, cheap decent guesthouses, the cheapest food in Southeast Asia. The Internet is everywhere.

Indonesia. I thought people in Vietnam were not nice. Well, I was wrong, of course. In Indonesia, people are not just goats, but stupid goats. As soon as I remember, my hair immediately stands on end. In Indonesia, everything is bad and vile: local transport, food, organization. People sometimes go so far as to throw stones and beat with sticks on the back. They try to cheat everywhere and always. Only here nature is amazing and incredible. So I do not regret that I rode through the country, but to repeat - not in this life.

Occupies the peninsula of Indochina Malay archipelago And Philippine Islands. These are 10 countries (Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Philippines, Cambodia, Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Singapore, East Timor) with a population of over 410.6 million people, which is 13.4% of the Asian population.

Routes from Europe and the Middle East to East Asia and Australia pass through. The airports of Singapore and Bangkok are of the greatest importance for air routes, and the Malacca Strait for sea routes. There is a project to build a canal across the isthmus connecting the Malay Peninsula to the mainland.

By state system is a republic and a monarchy (Brunei, Cambodia, Thailand).

2. The natural resource potential of the South

Southeast Asia is located in the subequatorial and equatorial climatic zones. There is a lot of heat and moisture, fertile soils. This region of Asia is better than others provided with forest resources; significant areas are occupied by wet rainforests. Iron, black, red, rosewood trees with hard, water-repellent wood, as well as camphor, sandalwood and a number of other species containing essential oils and resins, are in great demand on the world market.

Rich region and minerals. From Myanmar to Indonesia stretches part of the world's largest tin-tungsten belt. In addition, there are significant deposits of bauxite, copper, lead, manganese, gold, silver, precious and semi-precious stones. In the bowels of the Philippines there are deposits of chromites of world importance. Of the fuel resources is coal (Vietnam, Myanmar, Indonesia), significant reserves of oil and gas are in Indonesia, Myanmar, Brunei, Vietnam.

3. The population of South.

characterized by significant natural population growth. And although in last years its level has decreased significantly, the countries belong to the second type of population reproduction. Racial, ethnic and religious composition population motley. Representatives of the Caucasoid, Mongoloids and Australoids, as well as their descendants, live here. There are more than 20 million Chinese immigrants (huaqiao) in Southeast Asia.

The distribution of the population is rather uneven. On the Indochina Peninsula and the Malay Archipelago, the population is concentrated in the deltas and valleys of the Irrawaddy, Menam, Mekong, Hongha, Java and Luzon islands. In Java average density The population is 930 people / sq. km. Mountainous areas, covered with forests, almost deserted.

The level of urbanization is quite low, the main share of urban residents is concentrated in the capitals, except for the capitals of Brunei, Cambodia and Laos, they are millionaire cities. More than half of the population is employed in agriculture.

4. general characteristics South-East Asia

The region of Southeast Asia is heterogeneous and does not constitute a group of countries that are characterized by certain general trends in the socio-economic and political development. In the post-war period, in the course of the formation and strengthening of national sovereignty, the countries of the region were divided into two main groups. Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia chose the path of socialist development, and the rest - representatives of the Association of Southeast Asia (ASEAN), which included Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines, and since 1984 - Brunei, took the path of developing market relations . All countries of Southeast Asia started at approximately the same level. However, the former socialist countries of Asia have not been able to achieve such impressive results as the neighboring ASEAN member countries.

The economies of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia in the 1980s had an agrarian orientation and were characterized by an almost complete absence of a manufacturing industry. According to the UN classification, in the late 80s they belonged to the group of countries with a low per capita income - less than 500 dollars. per year, and Laos and Cambodia are included in the group of least developed countries.

Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand are among the countries with an average per capita income - from 500 to 3000 dollars. in year.

Singapore and Brunei- states with a high level of per capita income, over 20 thousand dollars. in year. True, success in the economic development of these countries was achieved due to various factors: Singapore is a state with a developed industry, and Brunei is a petroleum-exporting country that receives a significant part of GDP due to oil production and export (up to 60% in 1995).

The economic success of the ASEAN countries was achieved due to four factors:
1) export industrial development strategy;
2) attraction of foreign capital;
3) state regulation;
4) creation of viable national corporations.

The countries of the region have a strong export base, they are well-supplied natural resources which forms the basis of their economic development. That is why they have become the largest, and sometimes monopoly, exporters of certain goods.

A decisive role in shaping the industrial and export specialization of the ASEAN countries is played by TNCs (mainly American and Japanese), which first penetrated into the light industry, and now have created a base for the production of export components for consumer electronics and telecommunications equipment. Among market economies, Malaysia has become the world's third largest semiconductor manufacturer. Thailand has become an important center for the production of integrated circuits. The same countries are major manufacturers and exporters of cars. The chemical industry and metallurgy are also developing. The penetration of TNCs into developing countries is explained by the active movement to these countries of labour-, energy- and material-intensive, environmentally hazardous industries, as well as cheap labor.

The restructuring of the economic system in Vietnam and Laos began in 1988, and already after 3-4 years noticeable results were achieved. Vietnam is sometimes referred to as the second "Kuwait". The end of the XX century. he became one of the medium oil producers. With the participation of foreign capital, oil and gas, iron ore, and bauxite extraction are being developed in these countries, oil refineries, enterprises for the production of nitrogen fertilizers, natural rubber, tea, coffee, and pharmaceutical factories are being built. One of the priority directions of economic development is the creation of free economic zones. The main investors in the Vietnamese economy are Taiwan, Singapore, France, Germany, the economy of Laos is Thailand. At the end of the XX century. both countries became members of ASEAN.

The influence of the colonial past of the country of the region is still felt today. Southeast Asia continues to act in MSUPU as an important supplier of agricultural raw materials. The basis of agriculture - the main sphere of the economy - is subtropical agriculture. An important feature of the equatorial belt is the plantation economy, founded by the colonialists. Plantations are beneficial not only economically, but also ecologically (they mimic the conditions of the equatorial forest). The countries of Southeast Asia are the largest rice-growing area in the world. Legumes, corn, sweet potato, cassava are cultivated everywhere. The region has long been known for growing spices (red and black pepper, ginger, vanilla, cloves), which are exported. The ASEAN zone provides almost 40% of the world's production of natural rubber, 60% of copra, 90% of yarn (manila hemp fiber), more than 50% of coconuts, 30% of palm oil and rice. The weak development of animal husbandry is compensated by summer and sea fishing.

One of the centers of world drug production is the "golden triangle". It covers the territory of northeastern Myanmar, northern Thailand and northern Laos and covers an area of ​​about 400 thousand square kilometers. In the mid 50s of the XX century. production of raw opium here amounted to 50% of the world. Now regional bodies and the UN are trying to solve the drug problem in the area by giving the population the opportunity to replace the opium poppy with other equally profitable crops.

Singapore is an island city-state with an area of ​​about 620 km2 and a population of 3 million people. Representatives of many peoples of the world live here, speaking English, Malay, Chinese and Tamil. The country became independent in 1965. During the independence, Singapore has turned from a colonial city into a financial, trade, communication and industrial center of world importance. Sea port Singapore is the second in the world after Rotterdam in terms of total cargo turnover. More than 3,000 branches of TNCs are located in the city. Therefore, the cost of 1 square meter of land in financial center Singapore has reached 60 thousand US dollars.

We present to your attention a video lesson on the topic "Southeast Asia". The video tutorial allows you to get an interesting and detailed information about the countries of Southeast Asia. From the lesson you will learn about the composition of Southeast Asia, the characteristics of the countries of the region, their geographical location, population. The lesson focuses on the newly industrialized countries of Asia.

Theme: Overseas Asia

Lesson: Southeast Asia

Rice. 1. Southeast Asia on the map ()

Southeast Asia- a cultural-geographical region covering the continental and insular territories between China, India and Australia.

Compound:

1. Vietnam.

2. Cambodia.

4. Myanmar.

5. Thailand.

6. Brunei.

7. East Timor.

8. Philippines.

9. Malaysia.

Geologically, the countries of Southeast Asia are located in one of the most volcanic regions of the planet. But it makes up for it tropical climate, diverse nature, which captures with its variety and number of exotic plants and animals.

The bowels of the territory have been poorly explored, but the explored reserves indicate rich deposits of mineral resources. There is very little bituminous coal in the region, only in the north of Vietnam there are insignificant reserves of it. In the shelf zone of Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei, oil and gas are produced. Asia's largest metal "Tin Belt" stretches across the region. Mesozoic deposits determined the richest reserves of non-ferrous metals: tin (in Indonesia - 1.5 million tons, in Malaysia and Thailand - 1.1 million tons each), tungsten (reserves in Thailand - 23 thousand tons, Malaysia - 20 thousand tons). The region is rich in copper, zinc, lead, molybdenum, nickel, antimony, gold, cobalt, the Philippines - in copper and gold. Non-metallic minerals are represented by potash salt (Thailand, Laos), apatite (Vietnam), precious stones (sapphire, topaz, ruby) in Thailand.

Agro-climatic and soil resources: a warm and humid climate is the main prerequisite for a relatively high efficiency of agriculture, 2-3 crops are harvested here throughout the year.

Water resources are actively used for land irrigation in all countries. Moisture deficiency in the dry season requires considerable expenditures for the construction of irrigation facilities. Water mountain arteries of the Indochina peninsula (Irrawaddy, Menam, Mekong) and numerous mountain rivers of the islands are able to provide electricity needs.

The forest resources are exceptionally rich. The region is located in the Southern Forest Belt, forests cover 42% of its territory.

Fish resources coastal zone seas and inland waters are of considerable importance in every country: fish and other marine products are widely used in the diet of the population. On some islands of the Malay Archipelago, pearls and mother-of-pearl shells are mined.

Rice. 4. Sale of pearls in Manila ()

At present, the countries of Southeast Asia are developing rapidly, occupying high positions in modern world. New industrial countries are developing especially rapidly, where much attention is paid to the education of the population, the development of the economy, competition, and new industries. In terms of HDI, Singapore, Thailand, and Malaysia rank high in the world. An important feature of the newly industrialized countries is the openness of their economy, the development of high-precision industries, the service sector, tourism activities, the export of goods and services, the attraction of foreign capital, and large investments in their own economy.

Rice. 5. The capital of Malaysia Kuala Lumpur ()

Homework

1. What are the features of the geographical location of Southeast Asia?

2. Tell us about the features of the economy of the countries of Southeast Asia.

Bibliography

Main

1. Geography. A basic level of. 10-11 cells: Textbook for educational institutions / A.P. Kuznetsov, E.V. Kim. - 3rd ed., stereotype. - M.: Bustard, 2012. - 367 p.

2. Economic and social geography of the world: Proc. for 10 cells. educational institutions / V.P. Maksakovskiy. - 13th ed. - M .: Education, JSC "Moscow textbooks", 2005. - 400 p.

3. Atlas with kit contour maps for grade 10. Economic and social geography of the world. - Omsk: Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Omsk Cartographic Factory", 2012. - 76 p.

Additional

1. Economic and social geography of Russia: Textbook for universities / Ed. prof. A.T. Khrushchev. - M.: Bustard, 2001. - 672 p.: ill., cart.: tsv. incl.

2. Berzin E.O. Southeast Asia in the 13th-16th centuries - M., 1982.

3. Shpazhnikov S.A. Religion in Southeast Asia. - M., 1980.

Encyclopedias, dictionaries, reference books and statistical collections

1. Geography: a guide for high school students and university applicants. - 2nd ed., corrected. and dorab. - M.: AST-PRESS SCHOOL, 2008. - 656 p.

Literature for preparing for the GIA and the Unified State Examination

1. Thematic control in geography. Economic and social geography of the world. Grade 10 / E.M. Ambartsumova. - M.: Intellect-Centre, 2009. - 80 p.

2. The most complete edition of typical options for real USE assignments: 2010. Geography / Comp. Yu.A. Solovyov. - M.: Astrel, 2010. - 221 p.

3. The optimal bank of tasks for preparing students. Unified State Exam 2012. Geography: Textbook / Comp. EM. Ambartsumova, S.E. Dyukov. - M.: Intellect-Centre, 2012. - 256 p.

4. The most complete edition of typical options for real USE assignments: 2010. Geography / Comp. Yu.A. Solovyov. - M.: AST: Astrel, 2010. - 223 p.

5. Geography. Diagnostic work in the format of the Unified State Examination 2011. - M .: MTSNMO, 2011. - 72 p.

6. USE 2010. Geography. Collection of tasks / Yu.A. Solovyov. - M.: Eksmo, 2009. - 272 p.

7. Tests in geography: Grade 10: to the textbook by V.P. Maksakovskiy “Economic and social geography of the world. Grade 10 / E.V. Baranchikov. - 2nd ed., stereotype. - M.: Publishing house "Exam", 2009. - 94 p.

8. The most complete edition of typical variants of real USE assignments: 2009. Geography / Comp. Yu.A. Solovyov. - M.: AST: Astrel, 2009. - 250 p.

9. Unified state exam 2009. Geography. Universal materials for the preparation of students / FIPI - M .: Intellect-Center, 2009. - 240 p.

10. Geography. Answers on questions. Oral exam, theory and practice / V.P. Bondarev. - M.: Publishing house "Exam", 2003. - 160 p.

11. USE 2010. Geography: thematic training tasks / O.V. Chicherina, Yu.A. Solovyov. - M.: Eksmo, 2009. - 144 p.

Materials on the Internet

1. Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements ().

2. Federal portal Russian Education ().

Southeast Asia is the most geographically dispersed region. It is located on the continental island territories between India and Australia. Includes the Malay Archipelago and the Indochina Peninsula.

Southeast Asian countries:

  • Brunei
  • Burma (Myanmar)
  • Cambodia
  • East Timor
  • Indonesia
  • Malaysia
  • Papua New Guinea
  • Philippines
  • Singapore
  • Thailand
  • Vietnam

The most popular states of Southeast Asia for tourists are Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia, Vietnam and Laos…. but the popularity of these tourist destinations does not keep fans of Asian exotic from visiting a country like Papua New Guinea!

Climate of Southeast Asia:

The climate in Southeast Asia can be summed up in one word: tropical. The temperature is 30 ° C all year round, tropical storms are very rare here. As a rule, the seasonal features of the region can be divided into two parts: the equatorial regions have a "wet" climate in winter and a "dry" climate in summer, while the rest of Southeast Asia (including Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam) usually have three seasons: Hot (March-June), Wet (July-October) and Dry (November-February). All seasons have their advantages and disadvantages, but the “dry” season in Southeast Asia is the most predictable and generally the most popular among tourists and vacationers.

Economy of Southeast Asia:

Southeast Asia occupies a significant place in the world trading system. State economy this region depends on agriculture, but manufacturing and services are in constant development and are slowly crowding out the agricultural market. Indonesia is the largest economy in Southeast Asia, but Brunei and Singapore are the most economically the developed countries. Tourism in Southeast Asia is the main factor in the development of the states of this region.

Population of Southeast Asia:

The population of Southeast Asia is about 600 million people, and most of them (1/5 of the entire region) inhabit the island of Java (Indonesia), which is considered the most densely populated island in the world. On average, 30 million people in Southeast Asia are Chinese immigrants living in Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore.

Peoples of Southeast Asia:

The peoples inhabiting the territory of Southeast Asia are diverse, but mainly they are:

  • Malays
  • Thais
  • Vietnamese
  • semangi
  • Burmese
  • Filipinos
  • Indonesians
  • Javanese
Culture of Southeast Asia

The culture of Southeast Asia is a mixture of Chinese and Indian. Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Singapore are also influenced by Arabic, Portuguese and Spanish cultures. First of all, they have an impact on the culture of food. In all countries, it is customary to eat with chopsticks, and tea culture is widespread, which can be easily found throughout the states of Southeast Asia.

Religion of Southeast Asia:

The main religion of Southeast Asia is Islam. Buddhism is also widespread in Cambodia, Thailand, Burma, Laos, Singapore, Vietnam. In addition to it, Confucianism is practiced in Vietnam and Singapore, in some areas you can meet Catholics and Protestants.

Some sights of Southeast Asia:

Taman Negara. This national park in Malaysia (Malacca Peninsula). He is the oldest tropical forest in the world.
Angkor Wat. ancient temple located in Cambodia. This is one of the most stunning attractions in Southeast Asia.
Koh Phangan. Island in Gulf of Thailand on the territory of Thailand. One of the most spectacular paradise places.
Southeast Asia is a completely unique and special part of the world, and is guaranteed to leave pleasant memories for a long time.
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