The official name of Hungary at present. Six capitals of Hungary. State structure and political system of Hungary
Hungary located in Central Europe. In the north it borders with Slovakia, in the northeast with Ukraine, in the east with Romania, in the south with Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia, in the west with Austria.
The country is named after the ethnonym of the people - the Hungarians.
Official name: Republic of Hungary
Capital:
The area of the land: 93,030 sq. km
Total population: 10.4 million people
Administrative division: It consists of 25 administrative units, including 19 regions (county) and 6 cities, including the capital, equated to the county.
Form of government: Parliamentary republic.
Head of State: President elected for 4 years.
Composition of the population: 88% - Hungarians (Magyars), 4% - Gypsies, 2.6% - Germans, 2% - Serbs, 0.9% - Slovaks, 0.8% - Romanians, 0.7% - Croats.
Official language: Hungarian. English and German are also widely used in the country. In some resort areas, the staff understands Russian.
Religion: 67% - Catholics, Protestants (mainly Lutherans and Calvinists), 25% - Jews.
Internet domain: .hu
Mains voltage: ~230 V, 50 Hz
Phone country code: +36
Country barcode: 599
Climate
The main influence on the formation of climate in Hungary is exerted by westerly winds and geographical features. Being inside the mountainous arc of the Carpathians, the country is reliably protected from cold air at any time of the year. Therefore, the climate of Hungary is characterized by mild winters and warm and sometimes hot summers. In Hungary the largest number sunny days per year among European countries, and the average July temperature is almost 25.7 degrees Celsius.
The coldest winter month is January, during which the average temperature is about 4 degrees. Also, the climate of Hungary is significantly influenced by oceanic air masses. The country can be divided into two main climatic zones- continental and temperate. The south of Hungary is subject to Mediterranean influence.
Geography
Most of Hungary is occupied by the Middle Danube Plain, surrounded by mountains. The Danube River divides the country into two parts. To the east of the Danube lies the Great Middle Danube Lowland, indented by the channels of the Tisza and its tributaries. It lies at an altitude of about 200 m above sea level. Floods are frequent on the Danube and the Tisza. To the north of the plain, in a range of low mountains, is the highest point in Hungary - the city of Kekes (1015 m).
The lands to the west of the Danube are a hilly plain. The largest lake in Central Europe, Lake Balaton, with an area of 600 km², is also located here. The lands of the Central Danube Lowland are actively cultivated, however, about 18% of the country's territory, especially on the hills, is covered with forests.
Flora and fauna
Vegetable world
Typical of the transdanubian regions and mountains is deciduous woodland - with oak, birch, linden and chestnut - but these quickly disappear as one approaches the Great Plain, where steppe conditions dominate. Archaeological research show that the Great Plain was previously forested, like the rest of Hungary, and that the forests here were cut down by the first conquerors from Asia. The destruction of forests continued during the protracted wars with the Turks.
Later, the systematic draining of swamps on the Great Plain unexpectedly lowered the upper water table, and the trees and all other vegetation of the Great Plain died. Light sandy soils, devoid of vegetation, were eroded, and extensive sand dunes. Reclamation of sandy deserts through artificial afforestation and irrigation stopped the process of degradation of the Great Plain, and the maximum possible area of land was introduced into agricultural circulation.
Animal world
The most common type of wild animal found in mountain ranges Hungary, are wild boars - they are also found in all hilly rural areas. There are hares, foxes, deer and some remnants of beavers and otters that once lived in large numbers. The most common bird species in the country are storks, cranes and swallows. Part of Lake Balaton is a bird sanctuary, especially for marsh species.
Attractions
Almost the entire territory of the country is saturated with historical, cultural and natural monuments of world significance. Hungary ("Pannonia") was once the eastern border of the Roman Empire, and even before the arrival of the Hungarians, the Romans, Germanic and Slavic tribes lived in the middle reaches of the Danube. Treasure hunters are still looking for the grave of Attila, the legendary leader of the Huns, who visited here during the great migration of peoples, on the banks of the Tisza. In 896, Hungarian tribes came from the east to the Danube valley.
The unique architectural style of Hungarian cities and the luxurious collections of numerous museums and exhibition halls testify to the turbulent events of history. Monuments of the times of the Roman Empire coexist here with the buildings of the era of Turkish rule, the Romanesque temples of Lebenye, Pannohalme and Yake - with the medieval fortresses of Eger, Sümega and Sikloshe.
Luxurious palaces in Sirak, Sheregeyesh and Nagytsenok are "framed" by colorful small towns of characteristic local architecture, in which each house is unique and original in its own way. resort region Lake Balaton, more than 150 mineral springs, hot lake Heviz, balneological resorts in Budapest, Balatonföldvár, Balatonfured, Heviz, Debrecen, Hajdúszoboszló, Sárvár and others have made Hungary one of the best resort areas Europe.
Banks and currency
Official currency unit in Hungary - forint (1 for. = 100 fillers). Coins: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 forints each. Banknotes: 200, 500,1000, 2000, 5000 and 10000 for.
Currency exchange is recommended to be carried out only in official exchange offices, and a certificate of currency exchange must be kept before leaving the country. Currency exchange outside official points is at your own responsibility, which, as a rule, is associated with risk. On Saturdays all banks are closed. In the center of Pest (V district) and in the area of the Buda Castle (I district), many currency exchange offices are open on weekends as well. Around the clock you can exchange currency in hotels, and in the middle of the week - and in travel agencies. During off-hours, currency exchange machines and ATMs are at your service.
Banks in Hungary are open on weekdays from 8:00 to 16:00. Only a few branches are open on Saturdays and Sundays. Regardless of their work, there are many ATMs and automated exchange offices in cities.
The most popular credit cards in Hungary are: AMEX , Diners club, EnRoute, Euro/Mastercard, JCB, VISA. With the help of them you can receive money from banks and ATMs, as well as pay bills in hotels, restaurants and shops. On the doors of the listed places indicate which cards are accepted.
Useful information for tourists
Museums, as a rule, work daily from 10.00 to 18.00, the day off is Monday. Many museums are open one day a week for free admission.
Grocery stores are usually open from 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. weekdays Saturdays until 14:00. Large shopping centers, department stores are open on weekdays from 10.00 to 18.00, on Saturdays - from 9.00 to 13.00. Many supermarkets do not have days off.
Post boxes in Budapest are red. In Hungary, it is customary to write the surname first, and then the given name.
First aid and delivery to a hospital in Hungary is free for everyone, including tourists. Only follow-up care is covered. Therefore, before the trip, you should take out an insurance medical policy.
The national Hungarian menu is distinguished by an abundance of spices. They may or may not be spicy, but dried paprika enjoys universal reverence, which emphasizes the rich and rich taste of local dishes. The dishes are very satisfying, there are vegetarian ones, but in most cases meat or fish will be an indispensable component.
The most famous Hungarian dish that is popular outside the country is goulash. In a local restaurant, you should definitely order halasle soup, paprikash, perkelt, as well as a piece of trout, which is bred in the cold mountain lakes of the country. Another Hungarian culinary invention loved all over the world is the PICK dry salami sausage. This delicious snack can be stored for quite a long time even without a refrigerator. Many tourists carry salami and different types paprika home as a traditional present instead of boring magnets.
It is in Hungary that you can try dozens of varieties of real Tokay wine, the Bull's Blood drink, and the national Palinka vodka. Quality alcohol, like salami, can be bought at the market or in a good supermarket. Keep in mind that Tokay wine is distinguished by aging, harvest time, and sweetness.
It is impossible not to mention the opportunity to taste the delicacy of foie gras, which in Europe is allowed to be produced and sold only here and in France. This is goose liver taken from birds grown using a special technology.
Separately, we can talk about confectionery, which are as tasty and satisfying as the main dishes. Among the most popular, included in the “obligatory” tourist program: gundel pancakes, sweet chestnuts with sour cream or cream, retesh roll, chocolate biscuit dumplings, various strudels and, of course, marzipans.
shopping
From Hungary, not only salami and Tokay wine, but also bitter local tinctures, such as Unicum, are taken away as original souvenirs. It is worth taking a closer look at the unusual national halash laces and embroideries, which are handmade by folk craftsmen using ancient traditional technologies. Dolls in Hungarian clothes, ceramics look great. All this is created and painted by hand.
Porcelain products from Zsolnay and the Herend factory are also popular, as they are of the highest quality and are considered a national treasure. You can buy gift sets of spices, marzipan figurines, fruit palinka.
In comparison with others European countries, In Hungary, inexpensive, but very high quality clothing. You can buy whatever your heart desires in supermarkets, conventional stores or in the market. The oldest and most beautiful is located in Budapest. Most Monday-Friday grocery stores open from 7.00 to 18.00, and on Saturday until about 12.00-13.00. Large supermarkets may be open for much longer, sometimes around the clock. IN summer time the shops major cities hold large-scale sales of clothes, shoes, accessories.
The national currency is the Hungarian forint. As in other EU countries, in Hungary you can get back value added tax on goods that were purchased in one store in the amount of at least 50 thousand forints. Money is returned in cash at the crossing state border at road checkpoints, at the international Danube port, at 1 and 2 Ferihegy airports, at the IBUS branch, which is located at the Eastern Bus Station.
Transport
The central transport hub of Hungary is Budapest, from which, like rays, road and rail routes diverge to smaller settlements. This is very convenient, but creates some difficulties when you need to get to the city on another "line". However, with a rental car, it is not difficult to get to any destination thanks to an extensive network of roads.
To rent a car, you need to have a confirmation of your residence in Hungary (for example, an extract from a hotel), an international driving license, a credit card. Instead of the last point, you can pay a deposit in cash. Age must be over 21 years old with a driving experience of at least 12 months. There are speed limits on the roads, international traffic rules apply. The police in Hungary are very strict - violation of the rules threatens with a large fine, and the slightest presence of alcohol in the blood will also lead to immediate arrest.
well developed bus service: you can be sure not only of the exact observance of the schedule, but also of the exceptional comfort of transport. The same applies to trains and ferries. The latter run along the Danube and can even take the traveler to Vienna. As for air travel, they are designed mainly for international communication, although several flights run within the country.
Taxi rides are completely safe. Cars of this service can be recognized by a characteristic inscription located in the door window. At the request of the passenger, the driver will provide an invoice.
Finance and accommodation
The forint exchange rate may fluctuate slightly, but usually one dollar is equal to approximately 285 units of the local currency. It is best to carry out the exchange in official points, banks, hotels, special machines. Please note that at train stations and airports, the exchange rate is somewhat less favorable than in the city. Hungarian banks are open only on weekdays, until 16.00 maximum. But separate exchange offices in the center, as well as vending machines and related hotel services, serve travelers 24/7.
Many tourists are surprised by the excellent ratio of the level of services and the cost of living in hotels. A medium-sized three-star hotel will offer the guest a cozy room with high-quality furniture, breakfast, and a polite and helpful attitude of the staff. Even in small institutions, employees often speak Russian, always in English, German, Hungarian. It is unnecessary to talk about the highest level of service in more prestigious hotels.
annual holidays
In addition to May 1, Easter, Christmas and New Year, a number of national celebrations are also celebrated in Hungary. Farshang is a holiday similar to the Russian Maslenitsa, which came to these lands from Germany. The celebration takes place in the spring and is celebrated with carnival activities.
Also, the beginning of the warm season is marked by the Day of the National Revolution. On March 15, 1848, a powerful national movement began against the royal Habsburg dynasty, which over time turned into a real Austro-Hungarian war.
Having once visited a beautiful country in the middle of Europe, I really want to return there again. Hungary (Hungary) enchants at first sight, it is impossible not to fall in love with the beauty of Budapest, to convey the feeling of visiting thermal springs, to forget the taste of tart Tokay wine and goulash, the favorite dish of the Magyars. Ancient fortresses and majestic cathedrals, beautiful architectural monuments and educational museums, the Budapest Parliament alone will take your breath away. A variety of markets and shops attract shoppers. Let's get acquainted with Hungary (Hungary). What kind of country is it worth visiting?
Geographical position
Hungarian Republic (Hungary - translated into English language) is a state in the heart of Europe. In the main part, it is located on the flat and slightly hilly territory of the Middle Danube Lowland. Therefore, most of the country's economy is occupied by agriculture. The state borders in the south with Croatia, Serbia and Slovenia. From the west - with Austria, in the north - with Slovakia. In the east, Romania is located nearby, and in a small part it joins in the northeast with Ukraine.
The green fertile fields flow from north to south, the two most major rivers- Danube and Tisza. In the north, between Slovakia and Hungary, there are more high mountains Carpathians (the most high peak 1015 m - Kekes), in the west of the country are the foothills of the Alps. The largest lake in Europe, Balaton, is adjacent to the hills covered with forests. Not far from it are the famous karst North Bordeaux Mountains with the popular beautiful Aggtelek caves. But the main attraction of the country is its unique thermal springs. Whole travel business Hungary is based on resorts with thermal baths.
Climatic conditions
The territory surrounded by mountains contributes to the formation of a kind of warm climate in the central part of Europe. average temperature in the middle of summer it does not exceed + 22 degrees, and in January it does not fall below - 1 degree. The long off-season periods are spring and autumn. It sometimes rains in summer. On frosty winter days, the Danube is often covered with a layer of ice. Snow can lie on the ground for up to 1 month. In winter, cold days are replaced by periods of thaw.
natural attractions
Hungary is a country, most of which is in the steppes and hilly areas. Hares, foxes, deer live there, otters live in the rivers, in some places beavers. IN mountainous areas you can often meet wild boars. Among the birds there are storks, cranes, herons, swallows, steppe eagles. Typical trees of the Hungarian mountains are lindens, chestnuts, birches, oaks. On the shores of Lake Balaton, the authorities organized the Kish-Balaton nature reserve for marsh bird species.
Near the lake there is an interesting karst cave Loci with an underwater reservoir, along which tourists are taken on excursions by boat. famous caves Tapolca have a unique microclimate due to the location of thermal springs in them. The Tihany peninsula will interest not only nature lovers, but also connoisseurs of architecture. There is a beautiful old abbey.
Near Mount Badacsony, you can visit the 100-year-old Botanical Garden of the Folli family, rich in various trees and rare plants. Will delight visitors with the largest in the country national park Hortobágy.
Thermal springs of Hungary Hungary
What kind of country contains such rich reserves thermal waters? Only in Hungary there are water sources filled with a unique composition of minerals. Near each of them, enterprising residents built health-improving complexes. Of course, the Hungarians have long realized what benefits can be obtained from such abundance. Since ancient times, people have been treated with water throughout the country. The most popular among our tourists are the baths of Budapest. In the center of the city, in the Varoshliget park, visitors are expected to visit the Széchenyi baths, also loved by both the townspeople and tourists Gellert, located on the mountain of the same name, not far from Royal Palace.
Rest on the thermal lake Heviz with a water temperature of +33 degrees is also popular. On the territory of Hungary, the number of baths cannot be counted. These are caves in the town of Miskolc, and the Zalakaros well at a depth of 2500 m, in which the highest water temperature (96 degrees). Many scientists from all over the world have repeatedly examined the quality of water and concluded that nowhere on the planet can one find such healing and unique thermal water.
What diseases are treated in baths?
People come from all over Europe who have undergone operations on bone and connective tissues, various skin diseases, chronic diseases of the nervous system and inflammatory processes in the gynecological area. Even with infertility, doctors recommend a course of thermal procedures. Water helps to dissolve adhesions after surgery, restores the skin in places of scars and burns, and has a beneficial effect in osteoporosis and rheumatism. Useful baths and just to relieve stress after locals spend weekends and holidays in the baths with the whole family. Young people arrange nightly discos in thermal pools. The whole life and work of many residents of the country is connected, one way or another, with thermal springs, of which there are more than 60 thousand in the country.
The peculiarities of the country lie in its historical monuments of various times. The era of the Roman Empire left Romanesque temples, for example, Pannokhalma, as a keepsake for the inhabitants. You can meet fortresses of the Middle Ages (Eger, Sikloshe). The country has many unique palaces, castles, beautiful houses of the nobility and kings. In any Hungarian city there are many noteworthy tourist of architectural beauties. This is the Grasszalkovich castle with magnificent gardens, and the majestic Gothic temple in Nirbator.
You can look at the residences of the Hungarian kings in Esztergom and Vysehrad. Photos of Pechvard Abbey will be the decoration of the family album. Rest on Lake Balaton with its hospitable resorts attracts lovers of water adventures and fishing. Riding scooters, boats and water skiing, windsurfing will entertain on a hot day. On the shores of the lake, those who wish can undergo rehabilitation in balneological clinics.
Traveling around Budapest
Arriving in the capital, you are amazed at what kind of country? The Danube embankment is simply enchanting. On one side of the coast is the most beautiful building in Europe, and maybe the world, the Budapest Parliament, on the other side - the magnificent Royal Palace and A little further, on Mount Gellert flaunts ancient building baths of the same name. After crossing the bridge of Count Szechenyi, you get to the central pedestrian street Vaci. Walking along Andrássy Avenue and looking at the beautiful churches and the theater, you get to the Heroes' Square.
Behind it is the city park Varoshliget with the famous Széchenyi baths. After swimming, you can go to the central old market at the end of Vaci Street and buy fresh fruits and famous sausages. Walks from the market shuttle bus to the Campona shopping center, which houses the oceanarium - a tropicarium with a long tunnel, where visitors feel like they are in the middle of the ocean with swimming sharks and many other exotic fish and creatures.
Hungarian cuisine
Experienced tourists know that no one will go hungry in Hungary. Wonderful meat, fish and vegetable dishes are full of variety. The country's favorite spice is paprika. It can be found in the famous. Arriving here, you must definitely try traditional dishes. When ordering cold snacks in a restaurant, be prepared for large portions and a variety of what is offered: stuffed palacsinta with various fillings (with hungary in translation - pancakes), breaded fried liver (goose) - rantott libamajszeletek libamaj, stuffed red peppers - toltott paprika, etc. d.
Soups are served after appetizers, they are very thick and hearty. So before ordering, think carefully whether your stomach can handle such portions or not. The most popular soup in Hungary is the famous goulash - Gulyas leves. The composition includes a large amount of meat, dumplings, vegetables. It is served in bowls with bread. Halasz Leves, or fish soup with tomatoes and, of course, paprika, includes several varieties of river fish. Vegetarians can please themselves by ordering lecho - Lecso.
When ordering excellent and delicious dishes in the restaurant, do not forget to try the famous Tokay wine. On the slopes of Mount Tokai, grapes have been grown since ancient times for the production of this drink. This area of Hungary is listed by UNESCO. Tokaji Aszu wine is made in a special way. The berries are left on the vine until the end of autumn. Due to the local climate, a specific mold appears on them, giving an unusual taste to the wine.
Barrels are stored in ancient cellars, the length of which is about 40 km. The next famous brand of wine produced by Hungary is "Bull's Blood" (Bikaver). Each region is famous for its vineyards. Every year in Budapest is held in numerous tasting rooms you can choose any variety you like and feel the taste of Hungary.
tourist memo
Before leaving, tourists are advised to learn more about the traditions and mentality of this country in order to be fully armed. Now the reader knows - Hungary (Hungary) - what kind of country. A visa is required to enter. Currency - forint. Money exchange is made in special exchange points or banks. The official language is Hungarian. Many understand German, some understand English. Nobody speaks Russian. Most people are Catholics, but there are also Protestants. Hotels need to be booked in advance, as there is a large influx of tourists during the season. People are friendly and talkative. They will always help you find a way or a tourist site. So before the trip, learn a few well-known phrases from the phrase book.
Hungary is hospitable and beautiful country tourists are always welcome. There are many entertainments, the architecture is beautiful, the nature is pristine. Come, relax, get healthy! You will not regret!
The city of Budapest appeared on the world map relatively recently - its appearance was the result of the merger of three big cities(Buda, Obuda and Pest) in 1873. So, on the banks of the Danube, a real pearl arose - the capital, which knows no equal in Eastern Europe in terms of beauty and richness of architecture. However, to this day, different parts of the city are striking in their dissimilarity - the streets of old Buda, wandering along the slopes of the hills, contrast sharply with the modern boulevards of Pest, dressed in the luxury of shops and shopping centers.
The unique appearance of Budapest is largely due to the picturesque area in which it is located. The wide Danube, through which several amazingly beautiful bridges are thrown, divides the city into two large historical parts. On the one hand, there is hilly Buda, easily recognizable by its textured medieval buildings, headed by the Royal Palace and the snow-white towers of the Fisherman's Bastion. From the windows of the Royal Palace there is a striking view of the Danube and another part of the city - modern Pest, which today has become the center of cultural, economic and political life capital of Hungary.
The waters of the Danube River within the boundaries of Budapest wash the shores of seven islands, of which Margaret Island is the most famous - like a green oasis in the middle of the silvery Danube waters, it attracts tourists and lovers of leisurely walks in the shade of trees. The island has a large Botanical Garden and the ruins of a Dominican monastery.
But opposite the island of Margaret, on west bank river, lies the oldest part of the city - the Obuda district. Literally everything here reminds of the past - streets, buildings, ruins of ancient Roman temples and amphitheaters.
By the way, Budapest is the only capital in Europe that has been awarded the status of a resort - thanks to its numerous thermal springs, the city is recognized as a great place to relax and restore health.
Public transport in Budapest
Budapest has a fairly developed public transport system, represented by buses, metro, trolleybuses, trams and taxis. Trams are perhaps the most popular mode of transport in the city - the Budapest tram lines are considered the busiest in the world. By the way, the longest trams on the planet run in the Hungarian capital.
Tip: if you want to quickly see the main sights of the city and get unusual impressions, take a ride on tram number 2 - its route runs very well along the Danube embankment, allowing you to appreciate the amazing appearance of Budapest from the outside.
The metro in Budapest consists of 3 branches and has 40 stations. All three metro lines intersect at Deák Ferenc ter station. When using the subway, you should be careful - at most stations, the platforms for different directions of movement are separated and you cannot go between them without going to the surface. Interestingly, the Budapest metro is the oldest on the European continent - the first metro line under Andrássy Avenue was laid back in 1896.
The bus network of the capital of Hungary has more than 140 routes operating around the clock - special night routes are indicated in the schedule with the letter "E".
Climate of Budapest
The climate of the capital of Hungary can be described as quite mild, its official definition is temperate continental. The city on the Danube rarely experiences extreme temperatures, the winters are short and not too cold, but the frequent piercing winds can cause a lot of trouble. Summer, on the other hand, is hot and long.
Monthly average temperatures in Budapest
- The world's longest trams "roam" around the Hungarian capital - their length reaches 54 meters
- The Budapest Metro is the longest in mainland Europe
- Budapest is the only capital in Europe that is also considered a resort
- In Budapest, the man who gave the world the most famous puzzle in the form of a cube was born - Erno Rubik
- The city has the largest synagogue in Europe, accommodating 3,000 people.
The capital of Hungary - Budapest - the famous "pearl of the Danube". A mighty river divides the city in half. The bridge over it was built only in the nineteenth century. The construction connected the Hungarian capital Buda and the cities of Obuda and Pest.
general information
The capital of Hungary is the main political, commercial, cultural, transport and industrial center of the country. Approximately two million two hundred thousand people live in the city (this is one fifth of all Hungary). In terms of area, Budapest ranks sixth among all EU countries. It is the only city that lies on both sides of the Danube. The two districts, separated by the river, differ significantly from each other in structural terms.
Buda
This part of the city is small in area, ancient, bewitching with its beauties. It captivates with cobblestone streets, small colorful houses, a combination of neoclassical and medieval architecture. Buda is built on gentle hills in the western part of the Danube. One of the main attractions is the Castle Hill - a narrow, flat and long hill, located in the ring of perfectly preserved buildings in the Baroque, Renaissance or Gothic styles. It is crowned by the majestic Royal Palace.
pest
This part of the capital is located on flat lands. Business life is concentrated here. Pest has many large shopping complexes built on wide avenues. The Neo-Gothic Parliament building is the most famous in the city. From a distance, it resembles the English Parliament, only without the legendary Big Ben.
Geographical position
The capital of Hungary - Budapest - is located in the low Carpathian basin. It is surrounded by the Alps, Carpathians and South Slavic mountain ranges. Highest point city - the city of Yanosha. Its height is 527 meters. According to geotectonic data, the settlement is located in a fault zone. This explains the presence of many thermal springs, thanks to which the city gained fame as a beautiful resort.
A look into the past
The lands on which the capital of Hungary, Budapest, is currently located, began to be settled more than one thousand years ago. It has been established that from the third century BC. Celtic tribes lived here. Shortly before the advent of our era, the territory became part of the Roman Empire. The Hungarians settled in these lands at the end of the ninth century. In the XIII century. Buda received the status of the main city of the country. ancient capital Hungary found itself in distress in 1541, after the Turkish takeover. The city gradually fell into decay, the number of its inhabitants decreased. The settlement was liberated in 1686.
The eighteenth century marked the beginning of large-scale development. Many new districts have appeared in the capital. The unification of Buda, Obuda and Pest took place in 1873. Seven years later, a new concept of the city was developed, according to which new highways were laid and a triple boulevard ring was organized near the avenue.
Due to the hostilities during the Second World War, the capital was seriously damaged. However, after the end of the war, many buildings were restored.
In 1950, the suburbs were annexed to the central part of the city. This is how Greater Budapest was formed. The metro appeared in the capital in the 1960s.
Transport system
The city of Budapest has an extensive public transport network. It includes twenty-nine tram lines, fourteen trolleybus lines and one hundred and eighty bus lines. In addition, it includes a rack railway and three subway lines. Public transport starts its movement at half past five in the morning and ends at eleven in the evening.
Islands
There are seven islands within the capital. These are Csepel, Hayodyari siget, Margit, Palotai, Harosh-siget, Nepsiget and Molnar-siget.
Let's take a closer look at Margaret Island. It was named in this way in honor of the daughter of King Bela the Fourth Margaret (in Hungarian her name sounds like "Margit"). The length of the island is 2.5 km, and the area is 0.965 sq. km. Most of this facility is occupied by a park and numerous recreational facilities. There are bike paths, a fitness center and other entertainment areas on its territory. In the thirteenth century, a monastery of the Dominican order was erected on the island. The aforementioned Margarita labored in it. Later about. Margit has fallen into disrepair. The period of oblivion ended only in the eighteenth century. A palace was built on the island, and the empty lands were planted with beautiful flowers and rare tree species.
Weather
The climate in the capital is temperate continental. Winters are generally mild and short. In summer, the temperature is high, but the sweltering heat is rare.
"Air Gate"
Ferihegy International Airport began operating in 1950. Eleven years after its opening, the length of the runway was increased from 2500 to 3010 meters. The airport is equipped with three passenger terminals. In 2011, he was named after F. Liszt.
Attractions
The capital of Hungary is a very popular place among tourists. There are many in Budapest the most beautiful monuments established both many centuries ago and today. Of particular interest is the architecture of the city, reflecting the diversity of styles.
Buda Palace
It is located in the old part of the city. For the first time this palace became the residence of the king in the thirteenth century, and successfully performed the functions assigned to it for another seven hundred years. Kings such as Lajos the Great, Charles III and Matthias I lived in it. Currently, the palace is home to many museums.
Buda labyrinth
The capital of Hungary is famous for another unusual place. This is a natural labyrinth located under the palace described above. There are no other such natural catacombs anywhere on the planet.
The length of the labyrinth is 1 kilometer 200 meters. Its depth is sixteen meters. Every day (except Saturday and Sunday) on the territory of these catacombs are held exciting excursions. The exhibition presented in the labyrinth highlights the history of Hungary from antiquity to the present day. The traditional end of each excursion is a "buffet".
Parliament
The Hungarian cities of Pest, Obuda and Buda were merged in 1873. Seven years after this significant event, the members of the National Assembly decided to build the parliament building. This was supposed to emphasize the sovereignty of the Hungarian nation. The winner in the announced competition was the architect I. Steindl. Some of the ideas of his rivals were implemented in the buildings of the Ethnographic Museum and the Ministry of Agriculture.
Work on the landmark building began in 1885. Eleven years later, the first meeting of the State Assembly was held within its walls. Construction was completed only in 1906. The building was erected in an eclectic style. In addition, it is possible to consider the features of the Renaissance, Neo-Gothic and Baroque.
Heroes Square
This square is one of the main ones in the capital. She is on the list world heritage UNESCO. Nearby is the City Park. The Millennium Memorial was erected in the center of the square. This is a composition with the leaders of the seven tribes that founded Hungary in the ninth century, as well as with other prominent historical figures who played an important role in the development of the state.
Freedom Square
This is one of the most impressive squares in the capital. She is surrounded beautiful buildings- Hungarian National Bank, American Embassy and TV Center. In the northern part of the square you can see the monument to Soviet soldiers.
Vaci street
This is the heart of the capital. This street is pedestrian. It originates from the square. Vörösmarty, runs along the Danube and rests on the square. Föwam and the picturesque market. There are many shops on Vaci, which is why the street is so popular with tourists and local fashionistas. It is known not only for its boutiques. In this area you can see unique monuments architecture. The facades of many buildings are decorated with mosaics and intricate cast-iron decorations. Vaci is called the center of not only shopping, but also entertainment. On the street several hundred meters long, there are elite restaurants and budget cafes, as well as hotels of different levels.
Andrássy Avenue
Its construction began in 1870. Some note that this avenue is somewhat reminiscent of the notorious Champs Elysees. At the end of each summer, it becomes the venue for the famous Budapest Parade.
More about the state
Hungary is a country located in the center of Europe. Ten million people live on its territory. total area is ninety-three thousand square kilometers. Hungary ranks 108th in terms of territory and 89th in terms of population. The official language is Hungarian.
The country consists of twenty administrative-territorial units. She has no access to the sea. Hungary on the world map borders on Serbia, Ukraine, Croatia, Romania, Austria and Slovenia.
The predominant religion is Catholicism. More than fifty percent of the country's inhabitants are its adherents. Currently, Hungary (Budapest - the capital) is considered a country with a dynamically developing economy. Since 1955 it has been a member of NATO.
History of Hungary
Until the beginning of the fourteenth century, the Arpads ruled the country. Then they were replaced by the Anjou and Jagiellon dynasties, as well as by non-dynastic monarchs. In 1687, the state became part of the possessions of the Habsburgs. 1848-1849 marked by a national revolution. Its leader was Lajos Kossuth. The uprising was suppressed only thanks to the help of the Russian expeditionary force. They were commanded by General Paskevich. But still in 1867, Franz Joseph made a compromise with the country's elite. The result was the transformation of the Austrian Empire into a dual state. The history of Austria-Hungary entered a new direction. A legislative body was formed in the country - the State Assembly, which consisted of two chambers - Deputies and Peers.
Charles of Austria - the last Hungarian king - ascended the throne in 1916 under the name of Charles the Fourth. He was removed from power two years later. The ruler died in absolute oblivion in 1922. It is noteworthy that in 2004, on the initiative catholic church he was counted among the blessed.
The result of the democratic uprisings that swept the country after the First World War was the collapse of the Austrian monarchy. The following states were formed on its lands: Czechoslovakia, Austria, the Kingdom of Slovenes, Serbs and Croats, as well as Hungary. There are four more independent countries on the world map.
On November 16, 1918, Hungary acquired the status of a people's republic, but it was soon lost. This happened as a result of the monarchist rebellion. On August 6, 1919, the republic fell. The monarchy was restored, but it was not possible to determine the king. Regent Miklós Horthy was appointed head of state.
In 1938, Hungary entered into an alliance with Nazi Germany. Thanks to this, the map of the country was replenished with the following territories: Transcarpathia and part of Czechoslovakia. Two years later, Transylvania also became part of the state. After Hungary was occupied by the troops of the anti-Hitler coalition, the regent hastily left the country. The State Assembly was convened in the autumn of 1945. In 1946, its representatives adopted a law on the state form. According to this document, Hungary (the map is presented in the article) acquired the status of a republic. The head of the country, respectively, from now on was the president, elected by the State Assembly.
Features of economic development
Hungary (see photo in the article) is a country with a rapidly developing economy. Most of the market transformations in it are almost completed. As for the advantages of the established system, they are as follows: at present, the country is open to foreign investment, it has an efficient taxation system, and bureaucratization has been reduced to the minimum possible. In addition, Hungary is characterized by a developed industrial production (especially observed in modernized enterprises), declining inflation and a fully convertible currency (since 2001). When listing the weaknesses of the current economic system, first of all they mention the gap in internal development, in which the eastern rural areas do not have proper funding. The difference in incomes of the population is still high. Not enough energy is produced. Money laundering is not properly controlled.
The main partner of the country in foreign trade is Germany, providing more than twenty-five percent of Hungary's trade turnover.
Army
A significant reduction and reform of the country's armed forces was carried out at the end of cold war. Today they are formed from two branches - the Air Force and the Ground Forces. The latter are also known as Honvedseg (Homeland Defender Corps).
Hungary (Budapest - the capital of the country) began to be guided by new standards in the organization of the army and weapons after joining NATO. In 2004, a transition was made from compulsory military service to a professional army.
State symbols
The flag of Hungary is a rectangular panel. It consists of three identical horizontal stripes of red, white and green. The ratio of length to width is 3:2. Why is the flag of Hungary painted in these colors? This is explained as follows: red is a symbol of the blood of patriots shed in the battles for the independence of the country; white - a symbol of nobility and morality of the Hungarian people; green reflects the hope for a good future for the country.
The coat of arms of Hungary is a shield divided into two parts (on the left - red and white stripes, on the right - a patriarchal cross resting on a golden crown, which stands on a green mountain with three peaks). He is crowned with St. Stephen.
The most remarkable settlements of the country
The map of Hungary with cities, which you can see below, gives an idea of the territorial division of the country. largest area near the capital - Budapest, the smallest - near the town of Palsach with its 1114 inhabitants. The largest village of Solymar is home to ten thousand people, while the smallest is home to only twenty.
Debrecen is called the eastern capital of the country. It regularly hosts various events including poetry festivals, jazz days, international choir competitions and stunning flower carnivals.
The small Orthodox town of Szentendre is especially popular among museum lovers. It has a special charm due to its pretty streets and beautifully decorated houses. Unforgettable impressions will be left by numerous confectioneries, from which the dizzying aroma of fresh pastries can be heard.
Once the city of Visegrad was the capital of the state. At present, only ruins remain of it. By mystical coincidence, only Solomon's Tower survived, which for a long time was the place of imprisonment of the notorious Count Dracula. The town is located forty kilometers from the capital.
natural attractions
Hungary (photos are presented in the article) is an incredibly beautiful country. And it is famous not only for its architectural monuments, museums, monuments, etc. There are many natural attractions on its territory. Let's talk about some of them in more detail.
Balaton
This lake is the largest in Central Europe. Thermal and mineral springs beat on its coast. The reservoir is navigable, it is home to more than twenty species of fish. A special service has been organized to take care of the numerous swans living in these places.
National Park on the Balaton Upland
It is located north of Balaton. The park was founded in 1997. It features a volcanic landscape. This area is mountainous, where you can see and extinct volcanoes, and empty geysers, and lava outlets, memorable for their bizarre shapes. A relict plant can be seen in the western meadow of Shashdi ice age- mealy primrose. It cannot be found anywhere else in Hungary.
Heviz
This thermal lake located near the city of the same name. Its area is forty-seven and a half thousand square kilometers. The water in this lake is rich in ammonium, potassium, calcium, sodium, fluorides, chlorides, iodides, bromides, carbonate peroxide, sulfates, sulfides, metaboric acid and dissolved oxygen. No wonder this place is popular among those who want to improve their health.
UNESCO World Heritage Sites
Many cities in Hungary are famous for their unique sights of special cultural, historical and architectural value. And not only in the capital there is something to see.
Holloko
This village is a one-of-a-kind ethnographic museum under open sky. It is noteworthy that people live in it to this day. The entire population of Hollokyo, which is more than four hundred people, is sensitive to the preservation of folk traditions and the way of life of their ancestors. Most of the buildings in the village are adobe houses with verandas decorated with ornate carvings. Local residents are actively engaged in pottery, traditional embroidery, and woodcarving. A visit to this place leaves an indelible impression, especially among residents of megacities.
Caves of Aggtelek
They are located in the National Park. The most famous and largest is Baradla. Its length is twenty-six kilometers.
Slovak karst
This mountain range is located on the border of two states - Slovakia and Hungary. Since 1973, it has been protected as a special landform. The surrounding area has the status biosphere reserve. The massif consists of limestones and dolomites. It is covered with hornbeam and oak forests.
Conclusion
Hungary is a country with a long and complex history. Its capital - Budapest - has an interesting origin. The main city of the state was formed by the merger of several settlements. The Danube, as if cutting Budapest in half, is a kind of border between the two parts of the capital, contrasting with the historical and geographic point vision. The map of Hungary with cities presented in the article reflects this feature of the city.
