Rostov Kremlin, where Ivan Vasilievich changes his profession. Red means beautiful. The main monuments of the Kremlin

The Rostov Kremlin, whose history began in the sixteenth century, is an impressive and grand building. It is very beautiful with its five temples, powerful ancient fortress walls and the Assumption Cathedral. The Rostov Kremlin also has a second name - Bishop's (or Metropolitan's) Court.

History of the Rostov Kremlin

In 1670, the construction of the building began, the customer of which was Metropolitan Iona Sysoevich. According to his project, the complex of buildings was supposed to duplicate paradise in the world according to the biblical description. In literature, it was presented as a garden surrounded by walls with towers. A picturesque pond was supposed to be located in the center of the buildings. The Rostov Kremlin was finally completed only in 1683.

Stagnation times for the Kremlin

Since 1787, it has almost ceased to be used, since the metropolis moved to Yaroslavl. Gradually, the Rostov Kremlin began to fall into decay. Divine services in the cathedral ceased to be held. The Metropolia even wanted to sell the entire complex for scrap. But to fate architectural ensemble the city merchants intervened.

"Stone Phoenix"

It provided funds for the restoration magnificent complex. In 1883, the Rostov Kremlin was reopened. The museum-reserve of antiquities, which the complex turned into, in 1886 came under the auspices of the last emperor of Russia, Nicholas II. In 1910, the pre-revolutionary State Duma finally granted the Rostov Kremlin an all-Russian status.

From the country's budget began to regularly allocate funds for the maintenance architectural complex. In 1953 he passed strong hurricane, as a result, the Rostov Kremlin was badly damaged. Many buildings have been restored. And after a short time, the architectural ensemble again rose in its splendor.

Assumption Cathedral

It consists of three main zones: Bishop's Court, Cathedral Square and the Metropolitan Garden, where fruit trees are planted. On the territory of the complex is the 5-domed Assumption Cathedral of the Rostov Kremlin, whose history dates back to the twelfth century. From one of those temples, only the Leontief chapel, otherwise called the Cave, remained. It houses the relics of Bishop Leonty.

In 1314, Bartholomew was baptized in the cathedral, who later became St. Sergius of Radonezh. From the 1660s painted frescoes made by the hands of Guria Nikitina appeared on the walls of the temple. From the first creations to the present day, only fragmentary fragments have survived. From above, the original frescoes were covered with new layers. External decorative details give special expressiveness to the cathedral.

Belfry

The belfry of the Rostov Kremlin was built between 1682 and 1687. It is located on Cathedral Square. Thirteen unique bells are suspended in the belfry, differing in weight and size. They were cast from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century. Almost all bells have names. "Sysoi" is the largest. Its weight reaches almost 32 tons. "Sysa" was named in honor of Metropolitan Jonah.

The second large bell is called "Polyelein". They called him, gathering people for church holidays. The weight of the Polyelein is almost sixteen tons. There are bells with the names of animals and birds: "Goat", "Swan" and "Ram". In Lent, "Hunger" was used. Now the entrance to the belfry is paid, and it is forbidden to beat the bells.

In the lower tier of the belfry there is a souvenir shop and a workshop called Black Polished Ceramics. This craft was mastered (and became traditional) on the Rostov land in the sixteenth century. Ceramics are fired in a smoky flame without oxygen supply. As a result, the products acquire a jet black color, which is then painted with other colors. The workshop also shows the process of making souvenirs.

Rostov Kremlin: description of internal buildings

Administrative buildings were built in the Metropolitan's Court, one of which housed the Judgment Order. In the seventeenth century, a 2-storey building appeared on the territory of the complex, next to which the Church of the Resurrection of Christ was built. It rests on high basements with openings cut into them for asymmetric gates.

They are double - pedestrian and travel. Under the church there are luxurious front Holy Gates. To the left of the temple was Clock tower. Now only the foundation remains of it, since back in the nineteenth century there was a danger of the collapse of the building.

The Rostov Kremlin had special buildings for the clergy to live in. The rooms were called metropolitan mansions. At first they were two-story, then a third tier appeared. Over time, the building was externally decorated. To date, the mansions are recognized only by the ornamental belt and narrow windows on the ground floor. On the territory of the complex were built their own brewery and bakery.

Another majestic building is the Red Chamber. It has two porches and ends with two tents. Emperors and kings stayed there upon their arrival. Another unique complex buildings - the church of the Rostov Kremlin of the image of the Savior Not Made by Hands. The lower plinth was erected in 1675. Household services were located on the floor, and the Church, Refectory and Otdatochny chambers were located on the second tier.

The church is somewhat unusual. At the end of each of its facades is a triangular pediment. It turns out that the building is covered by eight slopes. Inside the church is richly decorated. More than half of the room is occupied by an elevation in front of the altar.

The last to be built was the Five-domed Gateway Church of St. John the Evangelist. In those days, it was considered the best building. It differed from all other buildings in its external rich decor. The Hodegetria Church became the final point in the construction of the grandiose Rostov Kremlin.

External walls

The Kremlin walls and towers were erected after the completion of the main architectural ensemble. They have real loopholes and wide window openings, which is completely uncharacteristic for a fortress. The Kremlin walls have become more of an external decoration of the Rostov Kremlin than defensive fortifications. This can be seen in the general decor. The loopholes were added to keep the tradition.

The Rostov Kremlin, a museum-reserve of architecture, has firmly entered the history of Soviet and Russian cinema. It was on these fortress walls that the chase for the famous actors of the most popular comedy film "Ivan Vasilyevich Changes His Profession" was filmed. In 2010, the shooting of the TV series "Split" took place in the Rostov Kremlin.

To date, the Rostov Kremlin has become a museum of national importance. It houses the largest collection of finift. Several rooms have been allocated for the art gallery. Some exhibit exhibits of the nobility. Inside the White Chamber (formerly a dining room for priests) is an exhibition of antiquities.

A lot of tourists come to the quiet Rostov Veliky, illuminated by the halo of its former glory, and for most of them the goal is the Rostov Kremlin. So we slowly walked towards it, trying to examine each house along the way: here is an interesting facade, here is a pretty gray wooden porch, this one has wonderful carved architraves ... Everything has the same appearance as in times gone by and stands where it stood in the old days - than not a museum? Sanya and Katya walked a little ahead along a narrow Rostov street, talking and laughing about something, I walked in silence. Rostov has not yet bewitched them, but I already felt the miraculous power of this small town, in which every step and every look is a touch on the great history.

Instead of an introduction

The semicircle of Okruzhnaya Street marks the border of historical Rostov the Great. You can walk around this half-ring at an unhurried pace in an hour. Inside it, in the form of a somewhat deformed nine-ray star, there are fortifications made of earthen ramparts.

Surprisingly, but in ancient Rostov there were no serious defensive fortifications, which is why the city suffered so much during times of unrest. A little time passed, order was restored, but memories of the horrors experienced were still fresh in the memory. The severity of the hardships suffered forced the city to start building them at the first opportunity.

For the construction of fortifications, a foreign specialist was invited - van Rodenburg from Holland, since the relief of the marshy Rostov area is similar to the landscapes of the Netherlands. About a thousand people were put under the command of an energetic military engineer. And the construction of the system of ditches and embankments of the Dutch earthen fortress was completed in three years - by 1634.

The city was now protected by a moat filled with water, a low bunker and behind it was a rampart nine meters high. There is evidence that hidden underground passages were laid under the ramparts.

But, fortunately, the city did not have a chance to test their protective function in practice.

In good condition, the fortifications have survived to our time. Objectively speaking, there is no special beauty in them. Nevertheless, they are a monument of federal significance. Experts say that their historical value is not inferior to the Rostov Kremlin itself.

Before the miracle of Russian culture

The streets of the old city converge to Lake Nero, so getting to the Kremlin - the pearl in the depths of the Rostov fortress - will not be difficult even for a person who has come to Rostov for the first time. It is believed that this is no citadel, but just a peaceful abode of the servants of God, namely the metropolitans - representatives of the highest level in.

Located perpendicular to the shore of the lake, the Kremlin of Rostov Veliky on the plan is an irregular rectangle. It is surrounded on all sides by fortress walls with eleven towers:

Five round corners.
Two quadrangular sentinels.
Four round ones at the entrance gate, they are also called "flanking". It could not be written, but I really liked the unfamiliar word - flanking. Something was heard in him so elegant and Spanish (I'm just watching a Spanish TV series about Isabella of Castile).

The towers differ in shape and decoration. They have a different form of roofs - "cubic" and figured tents. From above they are covered with silver.

All together - tower completions, five-domed temples and pointed chimneys form an impressive picture of the city of Kitezh.

Fortress walls with loopholes stretch for almost a kilometer. They are made in such a way that through their covered passages and galleries you can get around the entire Kremlin of Rostov the Great and get into any building without stepping on the ground - a tower, metropolitan chambers, Cathedral and any of the five churches.

Of course, a trip to Rostov the Great is interesting at any time of the year, but we must remember that in winter they are not allowed on the fortress walls, they are open to the public from May to October.

Do you want to go inside? In this case, remember two things:

Rostov Museum the Kremlin is open from 10 to 17, and you can get into it only during these hours. Unless, of course, you are staying at the Cellar House. Then - at any time.
In Rostov the Great, there are several entrances to the Kremlin, but the main entrance is through the curved - cranked - gates of the Church of St. John the Evangelist.

What can you see in the Rostov Kremlin?

Walls and towers.
Ancient temples of the Kremlin.
Constructions of the Metropolitan Court - residential and utility buildings.
Museums, small museums, various expositions- both permanent and thematic. Works of ancient Russian and Russian painting, graphics, sculpture, weapons, ceramics and porcelain funds, Rostov enamel.

Rostov Kremlin scheme

Its area is relatively small, something about two hectares. But do not flatter yourself: to get around the entire museum-reserve of the Rostov Kremlin and see everything, you need not hours, but at least several days. Or watch something selectively. And then more than once to come here.

For ourselves, we chose the option that we do not watch everything, but selectively, but in the summer, it is very possible that we will come again.

Its territory is divided by walls into three relatively independent parts:

Closer to Lake Nero is the Metropolitan Garden.
The central part is the Metropolitan or Bishop's court.
Cathedral part.

The joyful and radiant ensemble of the Rostov Kremlin is strikingly beautiful - no matter where you look at it. Good from Cathedral Square with a view of the gate from round towers with domes and gate of the Resurrection christ church. But from the side of Nero it opens completely fabulous panorama with the Kremlin in the center and on the sides of the monasteries: on the left - Spaso-Yakovlevsky, and on the right - Abrahamiev.

We started with a tour of the Cathedral part of the Rostov Kremlin, but the story turned out to be long, I had to put it in a separate post, read it.

Inside the Metropolitan Court

I did not regret at all that our acquaintance with the Kremlin took place in the winter. The gray day gave everything a special flavor: somehow the fortress white walls looked especially severe and majestic, the domes and crosses of churches glistening with gray tinning loftily and sternly rushed to the sky.

We went down from the belfry, bought tickets at the box office and through the second Holy Gate, which is under the Church of the Ascension of the Lord, went to central part Kremlin. If you choose a different entrance - through the gate in the Church of St. John the Evangelist of the Rostov Kremlin - there is no difference: you get to the same front square in the center of the ancient episcopal courtyard.

It is decorated with a pond. In the summer, ducklings swim in it, and now there was a skating rink on it, next to it was a slide with comfortable cheesecake sleds for rent. You sit on this rubber ring, with a hole in the middle, and - the cheesecake flies down. A decorated Christmas tree and funny figures made of ice flaunt next to the hill. The atmosphere is festive - flushed children, rolling down, yelling joyfully.

Katya stopped and looks at us imploringly. In terms of attractiveness, the museums of the Rostov Kremlin outright lose to winter fun.

My daughter stays to ride, and we go to see the museum dedicated to the history of Rostov in the State mansions. Then we will head to the White Chambers and the Museum of Church Antiquities, then we are planning to visit the Enamel Museum.

So, leaving Katya, we went to beautiful stairs with pillars propping up the vault, ready to plunge into the study ... It was terribly slippery. The wind blew us and other visitors off the stone steps of the front porch, each step was like a feat! As if he did not want to share the treasures hidden in the chambers. But we persevered and overcame the barrier.

But then they faced a harsh reality: if you want to visit the museums of the Rostov Kremlin, buy a ticket for everyone. And not on the spot, but at the central entrance to the Kremlin of Rostov the Great. An unimaginable word swirled on the tongue.

I had to go back and complete the necessary sequence: first the money, then the chairs, that is, the tickets. It seems that the prices for pleasure do not bite, for example, to visit the museum of enamel costs 70 rubles, the museum of church antiquities - 50 rubles, but the amount still accumulates. For obvious reasons single ticket for 500 rubles did not take.

Having received the coveted pink tickets, we returned to our original place and climbed the same slippery stairs to the dream.

Katya rides, and we watch ... Museum expositions are small, but interesting. I will not describe them, this is a long and thankless task, you have to look with your own eyes.

The history of the Rostov Kremlin - the priceless treasure of Rostov the Great

The Rostov diocese was created almost immediately after the Baptism of Rus' - in 991. Its bishops for many centuries ruled the spiritual life of the flock in the vast territory of the Rostov region. The center of the diocese until 1788 was in Rostov the Great.

In 1589, the patriarchate was established, and 4 metropolises appeared in Rus' at once - in Moscow, Kazan, Novgorod and Rostov. From that moment, the Rostov bishops began to bear the title of metropolitans.

In 1664, an incredible event took place in the city: Metropolitan Jonah III returned from Moscow to Rostov. Yes, not just returned, but in disgrace. He should have been a patriarch instead of the overly power-hungry Nikon, but he managed to anger the meek Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. For which he paid with a link.

And returning to Rostov, Iona Sysoevich did not grieve about the ruined brilliant career, but began to live carelessly, as if over him there was only one power of the king of heaven and no other.

For forty years he headed the metropolis, and for thirty years of them he built his own, surrounded by high walls with beautiful towers, numerous white-stone churches and wonderful chambers, on the site of the former modest and scattered Bishop's court, and equipped the nearby monasteries - Borisoglebsky, Varnitsky, Yakovlevsky and others.

Work on the construction of an exquisite and grandiose ensemble of the Rostov Kremlin began in 1664 with the construction of the monumental Holy Gates and the gate church of the Resurrection. Together with the beginning of the construction of the metropolis, the city of Rostov began to grow and grow rich. By the way, in fact, the Kremlin began to be called only from the 19th century, and before that - only the Bishop's House.

The main passion of the Rostov Jonah III was bells and ringing. The world-famous Rostov belfry with bells, including the famous Sysoy bell, is his brainchild.

Work in the Rostov Kremlin was completed by the successor of Iona Sysoevich - Metropolitan Joasaph. The result of their labors deservedly acquired the indisputable glory of the pearl of architecture.

In 1788, the diocesan center was transferred to Yaroslavl, the significance of the city fell sharply, and sad times began for Rostov.

And they also say thick-bellied merchants ...

After the transfer of the metropolis, the remarkable architectural ensemble of the Rostov Kremlin, left without a master's supervision, began to decay and collapse. Salt and wine warehouses, glaciers, and some shops fit in it. Clogged the central pond.

But the holy fool Iona Sysoevich, who built the metropolis in the image of the “city of paradise”, warned in his time that only doves and sparrows would live in it. But who could believe it then?

And then there were projects for its demolition and the construction of a Gostiny Dvor and a trade fair on this site.

For the preservation of the Kremlin - a low bow to the Rostov merchants, who preferred the preservation of a beautiful stone fairy tale in the city for future generations to momentary trade benefits. The merchants allocated money for the restoration of the Kremlin and for the creation of a museum of Rostov antiquities in it.

Clouds rose over the city

Now few people remember this, but in 1953 an extremely powerful tornado passed over our country, which caused colossal destruction. Freight wagons with bricks were thrown from place to place, the rails were twisted.

And the worst thing was that the trajectory of the elements went right through Rostov Kremlin. His condition, which appeared before the state commission, defies description. Even the domes from the temples were torn off and thrown into the lake. But fortunately, the Rostov Kremlin Museum-Reserve was restored and now visitors do not even know about the trouble that happened in that distant year.

What buildings are located in the Bishop's Yard

Residential and commercial buildings - these words do not really fit here. The beauty of the Kremlin buildings is such that one can only speak of them as stone chambers. There are many chambers - a whole labyrinth. And there - a tangle of corridors, multi-level transitions, unexpected exits to the terraces.

Of which chambers are the main ones:

A large two-story white building, which is called the Red Chamber or the State Mansions. The mansion is decorated with a luxurious porch crowned with two tents.
The chamber was intended for the Russian tsars during their stay in Rostov.
Now it houses an archaeological exposition, exhibitions of porcelain, ceramics and enamel, plus a restaurant.
Hierarchical chambers, closely adjacent to the Kremlin wall. The metropolitans lived here and the treasury of the metropolis was kept here.
Judgment building. Now it houses several Kremlin museums. The museum where we will definitely go is the museum of enamel.
The Yellow Samuil Corps is named after Archbishop Samuil, who built it. In this room of the Metropolitan's Chambers there are now office premises of the museum, a local history exposition, an art gallery with portraits of Rostov merchants and nobles. There is also an impressive museum of ancient Russian art with an icon of a strange saint with a dog's head - like the Egyptian god Anubis.
House on the cellars, which is now a hotel. Under it, in the semi-basement, there were originally large cellars that gave the building its name.
The building of the solemn refectory - the White Chamber. Once richly and beautifully finished, now it has lost its former luxury. Here is an exhibition of church antiquities, which laid the foundation for the entire museum-reserve of the Rostov Kremlin.

Churches of the Rostov Kremlin

The cathedral and five churches are located on its territory.

Metropolitan Iona Sysoevich, who created the Rostov Kremlin, seems to have been an imperious man, accustomed to leaving the last word to himself. See for yourself - usually icons were painted on boards and inserted into the frame of the church iconostasis. It occurred to me to change the icon - please, no difficulty. Here, the creator of Ion III ordered to make fresco iconostases, which means that it is not easy to change anything in his vision of church events imprinted on the walls.

The murals of all the Kremlin churches carry the theme of Christ, but each has its own events with a corresponding emotional mood.

Not all the frescoes of that time have come down to us, they are best preserved in the churches of the Resurrection, John the Theologian and the Savior on Senya.

Milky white, light blue dove, solemn vermilion, a quiet glow of golden ocher, pale tints, a background of deep cobalt - the juicy and pure colors of the frescoes look like they were at the end of the 17th century. Fabulous visions of murals soar under the dome, they are everywhere, they are illuminated by natural light.

In the Church of the Resurrection, a contrasting combination of the lower part, richly decorated with tiles and brick patterns, and an ascetic top with almost no decorations.
On the frescoes earthly life Jesus, His Passion and Resurrection.
The Metropolitan's home church is the Church of the Savior on Senya, standing on a high basement.
The interior space in it is divided by a gilded arcade into two unequal parts.
Two-thirds is allotted to the place from which the Metropolitan is serving. It is elevated by eight steps so that each one praying, kneeling down, seems to be bowing at the feet of the one leading the service - the priesthood is higher than kings.
The frescoes feature the theme of God's judgment, before which everyone is equal.
Between the church and the chambers of the metropolitan, at the height of the second floor, as a reminder of the paradise, there is a hanging garden with flowers and berry bushes.
Exquisite gate church of the Apostle John the Theologian - elegantly decorated with rich tiles interspersed in architectural details, directed upwards with its five domes.
Magnificent frescoes - understanding people say that the Sistine Chapel, in comparison with them, is resting.
On them are pictures of the Apocalypse, the life of John the Theologian, the glorification of the Mother of God, pictures of paradise life, birds and flowers.
Church on the foundations of the former Grigorievsky Monastery - in the name of Gregory the Theologian.
Five-domed, white and pretty, but decorated much more modestly: it has neither rich architraves, nor tiles, nor a columnar belt. Interior decoration- the middle of the XVIII century.
Beautiful church with one dome in honor of the icon Mother of God"Hodegetria". What the word Hodegetria means and why the icon is called that can be seen here.
Columns, carved platbands - oh, how good! The flat surface of the temple is painted in such a way that it looks like faceted. She reminded me of the design.
But without a doubt, the majestic Assumption Cathedral, along with its belfry, makes the strongest impression.

Since metropolitans lived here, it is not surprising that there are many churches on the territory. Most of them are summer, only then you can see their interior decoration.

The churches of the Rostov Kremlin now also house museums.

Let's go to the garden - there is a piece of paradise

Between the Red and White Chambers there is a low and narrow gate. It leads to the Metropolitan Garden. There is a nice church of St. Gregory the Theologian and a large apple orchard and vegetable garden.

Cabbage sings of unprecedented sizes! The trees are bursting with delicious apples! When they ripen, they are laid out on a special table, where everyone can choose a fruit to their liking.

We did not manage to taste an apple, or even sit on the wide benches in the garden, but in the Garden Chamber we drank hot fragrant tea from currants and herbs grown here with pleasure. Warmed up! Tea is served in faceted glasses with glass holders, boiling water is poured from a pot-bellied samovar, they offer jam from the fruits of their garden, gingerbread and pies with cherries.

Questions and mysteries of the Kremlin in Rostov the Great

The priceless treasure - the Kremlin of Rostov the Great - gives rise to scientists and local historians not only reverence and admiration, but also questions. Too much is unclear with its construction.

Firstly, why is the immortal masterpiece of architecture erected as a powerful fortress?

All this does not really look like an exclusively “decorative” design of the Kremlin, no matter how much they talk about it. There is another opinion, according to which a full-fledged fortress was built. Wall bricks weighed eight kilograms, almost 20 million of them went in total. In the massive impregnable walls there are rows of embrasures, crevasses, they could shelter thousands of soldiers behind them. All potential weaknesses in real threat could be easily eliminated.

And then another interesting question arises. What sense did it make to build such a structure in a city located in the very center of the state, and even in the absence of a direct military danger? Defend - from whom?

What was in the mind of its creator? The mysterious man was Metropolitan Iona Sysoevich...

Secondly, the construction lasted 30 years - what funds did it carry out?

It is believed that it was paid exclusively by the real income of the Rostov Metropolis. But is it?

Let's remember a little. The disasters of the Time of Troubles swept over Rostov, all the churches of the city were plundered. They were followed by a terrible plague. By 1654, the city was completely depopulated and run down.

And after 10 years, the grandiose construction of the sovereign's court begins.

It is known that Peter I in 1691 takes 15 pounds of silver utensils from the storerooms of the metropolitan, and then the metropolis pays an unbearable amount to the treasury - 15 thousand rubles. Yes, and Iona Sysoevich did not lose the bells on the temples and on the famous belfry. Why? Did you buy it too?

Of course, the Rostov Metropolis was rich, but not that rich. No matter how much they spend, her financial situation only improves, “good does not fail.” Did Iona Sysoevich find those same legendary Rostov treasures? Were they not allowed to build a unique Rostov Kremlin?

About "overseas eggplant caviar"

We go down the stairs, a couple runs past us with a laugh - a guy and a girl dressed in historical costumes ...

In the early 1970s, some episodes of the film "Ivan Vasilyevich Changes His Profession" were filmed in the Rostov Kremlin. Now those who wish can recreate the plot with their participation: dressed in a boyar fur coat or wearing a kokoshnik with a luxurious blond scythe, or armed with an archery halberd. There is a choice!

Museum workers tell how this funny tradition appeared. The shooting of the film took place with inventions and jokes that were born impromptu. They worked in an atmosphere of perky fun. At the moment when the episode of the archers chasing the swindler Georges Miloslavsky and the house manager Bunsha along the walls was filmed, a group appeared foreign tourists with a tour guide.

They were completely unaware of the filming going on. "Live to take the demons!" - the artists in caftans shouted excitedly, shaking the reeds in their hands. The enthusiasm of the bourgeoisie about the original immersion in the past prompted the museum workers to the idea of acquiring outfits and paraphernalia, like Gaidai's.

This marked the beginning of costumed photo shoots so popular now in excellent natural scenery, where costumed boyars frolic so merrily ...

And the last

Russia is an original and unique country with a rich natural and cultural heritage.

In 2013, it was held, in which each person could vote for any of the seven hundred outstanding monuments of nature, architecture, and culture. There were three rounds of voting. Finally, ten equal winners were named. And one of them was a wonderful monument of Russian culture, the most beautiful in Russia - the Kremlin in Rostov the Great.

Category: Russia

This unusual museum, located at st. Maxim Gorky, 293, reflects the history of the development of the Rostov water pipeline from the very moment of its appearance in 1865.

The exposition of the museum includes water columns, fire hydrants, pumping units and other devices that regularly served the city. The stands display maps, photographs and documents. Exhibits can be tracked technical progress in the field of water supply.

The museum's collection is constantly replenished, and information about the modern projects of JSC "Vodokanal" is also posted. Quite specific information is talentedly presented by guides. It is worth visiting this museum, even if you are far from the topic.

Museum of communications of the Rostov branch of "UTK"

The Museum of Communications in one of the offices of the UTK company was opened in 2006. The exposition of the museum is devoted to more than 120 years of history of Rostov signalmen, which began with the first call in the mayor's office in 1886.

The museum presents various telephone equipment that was used by signalmen for 120 years, including the first telephones, the subscribers of which were connected by "telephone ladies", communications equipment of the First and Second World Wars, and many others. A particularly valuable exhibit is an American field telephone of 1942, donated to the museum on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the Victory.

Rostov Regional Museum of Fine Arts

The Rostov Regional Museum of Fine Arts was founded in 1938; its collection includes more than 6,000 works of painting, sculpture and graphics by masters foreign countries, Russia and the East.

From the first years, the museum's collection was replenished with the works of the main museums of the country - the Hermitage, the Tretyakov Gallery and the Russian Museum. The art of the 20th century is represented by the works of Boris Lavrenko, Martiros Saryan, Alexander Laktionov, Nikolai Timkov, and other Russian masters.

Also in the structure of the organization there is a scientific library and restoration workshops.

From 2007 to the present day, the director of the museum is Kruse Svetlana Valerievna.

You can visit the museum on any day of the week from 10.00 to 18.00, except Tuesday.

Rostov Regional Museum of Local Lore

The Rostov Regional Museum of Local Lore was founded in 1937.

He is known primarily for his projects, many of which turned out to be socially significant: "Museum and power", "Don is our common home", "Forgotten pony", "Peace to the peoples of the Caucasus through culture". Within the framework of the projects, the historical worldview of the audience is formed, the fight against falsification historical facts, acquaintance with the culture of the peoples of the Don and the promotion of Christian values.

Since 2001, the museum has been a member of the Union of Museums of Russia, as well as a participant in the Intermuseum festival

Rostov Regional Museum of Local Lore holds thematic excursions and exhibitions, as well as interactive lectures.

You can get to the museum on any day except Monday, from 10.00 to 18.00

Rostov Museum of Railway Engineering

Museum railway engineering in Rostov is a branch of the Museum of the North Caucasian Railway and is dedicated to the history of railways, rolling stock and everything connected with them. The museum presents more than 60 exhibits, including rare and unique steam locomotives, electric locomotives, wagons and other equipment.

The collection of exhibits collected by the museum ranks second in Russia in terms of its uniqueness. Among the exhibits of the museum, the only surviving steam locomotive of 1956 stands out, which is in working condition and is capable of reaching speeds of over 100 kilometers per hour. Also in the museum you can see such rare exhibits as an English carriage of 1869, an ice carriage of 1914, a trophy freight locomotive from Germany and others. In addition, the museum provides visitors with the opportunity to ride a retro train on a two-hour tour.

Museum of Contemporary Fine Arts on Dmitrovka

The Rostov Museum of Modern Fine Arts was opened in 2005 in the building of the former mansion of the merchant Yablokov. The house was built in 1898 in Art Nouveau style. The museum is the only place in the city where artists can showcase their work without paying a rental fee. The museum is also engaged in educational, collecting and research work.

The museum is focused on the formation of collections of works of contemporary art created in Russia and their popularization. The museum's collection includes about 1800 items, including works of graphics, painting and arts and crafts. The museum also has an archive, a library, an expert group and a workshop for the restoration of works.

Rostov Museum of Cosmonautics

The Rostov Museum of Cosmonautics is located within the walls of the Scientific and Educational Complex "Vertical" and is a structural subdivision of the JSC "Scientific and Production Enterprise of Space Instrumentation" Kvant ".

Museum founder and CEO- Vyacheslav Nikolaevich Motin. The museum was opened on September 11, 2009 on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the Kvant enterprise, and the first excursion in the newly minted museum was conducted by pilot-cosmonaut, hero of Russia Yu.V. Usachev.

The museum stores 392 exhibits, of which 157 are of the main fund, samples of space technology, personal belongings of astronauts, on-board documentation, archival documents and much more are of particular value.

Get to the museum weekdays it is possible from 9.00 to 18.00, and on weekends and holidays - from 11.00 to 16.00.

House Museum. S.M. Budyonny

The Budyonny House Museum was established in 1939 and is dedicated to the hero civil war, marshal and three times hero Soviet Union Budyonny Semyon Mikhailovich. The main exhibit of the museum is the dugout in which the Budyonny family lived and where things belonging to its members are stored.

The dugout house is located inside a glass pavilion, where there are expositions dedicated to the struggle of Budyonny for the establishment of Soviet power and the creation of the 1st Cavalry Army by him. In the house itself, where the interior of the early 20th century has been restored, several hundred exhibits are presented, including furniture, utensils and dishes that belonged to the Budyonny family. The museum is popular with visitors from all over the country; Budyonny himself and his family also visited it.

Museum of Military History

The Rostov Museum of Military History was established in 2006 to highlight the history of the Russian army and its role in the life of the country. The museum presents a huge amount of small arms, vehicles, tanks and other exhibits related to the military history of the Don region.

The exposition, located in the covered part of the museum, presents uniforms, household items, elements of ammunition and inventory of a Russian soldier from different eras. Among the exhibits: muskets, pistols, machine guns, machine guns, rifles, swords, sabers, checkers, mortars and a huge variety of other types of weapons. No less interesting is the exposition located in the Nedvigovka farm, 20 kilometers from Rostov. Under open sky and in the hangars you can see unique and rare exhibits, including tanks, armored vehicles, vehicles and artillery of the Soviet Union, Germany and the United States during the Second World War. There is also a shop in the museum where visitors can buy military-themed souvenirs.

Donetsk Regional Museum

The city "Historical Museum of Local Lore" in the city of Donetsk in the Rostov region opened quite recently, in 2005. The opening of the museum was timed to the fiftieth anniversary of the city. near the city rich story once Don Cossacks founded Donetsk. The city was born in 1681, then the city was a village and was called Gundorovskaya.

In 1955, the city was named Donetsk after the Northern Donets River of the same name. The whole history of the city of Donetsk is reflected in the new museum. The museum has 9 rooms where you can trace the history of the city from the year of its birth. The city is developing, it has industry, cultural objects, and all this is also presented in the museum. The museum has a lot of ancient household items, items belonging to the Cossacks, documents, photographs, books are collected.

Museum of the History of Materials of the Don Center for Chemical Education

The Museum of the History of Materials of the Don Center for Chemical Education (DTsHO) was opened in 2005 on the basis of the Faculty of Chemistry of the Southern Federal University.

The museum is dedicated mainly to materials science and innovations in this field. The main visitors of the museum are high school students and school teachers of natural sciences. Many exhibits serve as a visual aid for conducting exciting activities - the materials can be studied not only visually, but also touched with your own hands.

The museum has special sections dedicated to such widely used materials as glass, ceramics, and cellulose. Thematic collections based on certain materials are presented.

Sights of Rostov-on-Don

The history of a small city is amazing - the center of an ancient principality, on the outskirts of which Moscow itself was born. In ancient Rostov the Great, many unique relics and wonderful folk crafts have been preserved. Therefore, guests who come to see the city on the shores of Lake Nero have plenty to choose from. There are about a dozen museum expositions in the Kremlin alone. In addition, there are also several interesting museums in the immediate vicinity of Rostov: the Art Museum-Workshop of the Toporkov family in the city of Petrovsk, the Baklush Museum and the Jam Library in the village of Semibratovo, and the Porechensky Gardener Museum in the village of Porechie - Rybnoye.

Museums of the Rostov Kremlin

There are several museum collections on the territory of the Rostov Kremlin. The Museum Lounge with multimedia screens helps the visitors of the Kremlin to orient themselves in the huge flow of information, find the necessary objects, view maps of the city and its environs. It is located on the first floor of the Red Chamber. From here you can take virtual tours to any museum, monastery or historical object Rostov the Great and the region.

In the halls of the Samuil building there is a permanent exhibition dedicated to ancient Russian art. It exhibits ancient icons, skillful casting, fine embroidery, wood and bone carvings, as well as valuable items for church services. But that's not all! The richest and most complete collection of church utensils, sculptures and icons is located in the Hodegetria Temple of the Kremlin and is called “Gold and Azure Shines”. In addition, the exposition of the old Museum of Church Antiquities, which existed in Rostov from 1883 to the early 1920s, has been recreated in the White Chamber.

Two halls of a specially created historical exposition tell about the ancient past of the Rostov land. This is a collection of unique archaeological finds made on the territory of Rostov and the region - bones and skulls of prehistoric animals and tools of labor of primitive people. And about the later development of the region can be found on the second floor of the Red Chamber. Almost 1.5 thousand exhibits are placed here, telling about the history of Rostov and the Rostov land of the 7th - 15th centuries.

One of the most popular collections of the Kremlin is the Enamel Museum, opened more than 15 years ago. Many visitors are also attracted by the collection of Yamsky bells and bells, and the medal cabinet, where rare coins and commemorative medals are exhibited.

Schedule

The Kremlin Museums are open daily from 10.00 to 17.00.

Address

From railway station in Rostov it is not difficult to walk to the territory of the Kremlin in 15-20 minutes.

Museum of Rostov Merchants

You can imagine what a city merchant's estate of the 19th century looked like by visiting the exposition, which tells about members of the family of respected Rostov merchants Kekins. The representative of this dynasty, Alexei Leontyevich Kekin, at one time contributed a lot to the restoration work in the Rostov Kremlin and the creation of the Museum of Church Antiquities. Guests of the Museum of Rostov Merchants are greeted by masterfully recreated interiors of the estate, household items, old engravings with views of the city and portraits of Rostov merchants.

Schedule

The homestead welcomes visitors from 10.00 to 17.00. Monday and Tuesday are days off.

Address

The museum exposition is located in the house 32 on the street. Leninskaya.

Museum of the factory "Rostov Finift"

Rostov has long been famous for its enamel craft. The quality of decorative glazes made by local craftsmen is highly valued all over the world. The museum, organized at the city factory, presents the products of the best artists and designers created in different years. Interestingly, master classes are held here to teach the unique technique of painting on enamel plates.

Schedule

From Tuesday to Friday from 9.00 to 16.00, with a break from 12.00 to 13.00.

Address

The museum is located in building 3 on the Borisoglebskoe highway.

Art Gallery "Khors"

A private exhibition of works by talented artist Mikhail Selishchev captivates all visitors. Highly artistic panels and miniatures made in the complex technique of enamel are exhibited here. In addition, the gallery exhibits a collection of items of everyday life of Rostovites of the 19th - early 20th centuries.

Schedule

Daily from 15.00 to 20.00.

Address

The gallery is located in an old wooden house, not far from the Kremlin, on the street. Podozerka, 31.

Museum "Lukova Sloboda"

Modern interactive museum especially for parents with children. It is dedicated to the onion - the traditions of its cultivation and storage, folk superstitions and rituals. All museum guests are treated to fragrant tea with an onion bun. And for those who wish, master classes are held here on weaving beautiful onion braids, making dolls and amulets, as well as painting using the batik technique.

Schedule

Daily from 9.00 to 18.00.

Address

Museum "Pike Yard"

The playful theatrical program of the museum is designed for children, although it will not leave indifferent and adult visitors. The museum introduces the legends and traditions of Lake Nero, fishing tales, and also shows a puppet show "At the command of the pike."

Schedule

Daily from 9.00 to 18.00.

Address

The museum is located at 39 Dostoevsky Street.

Museum "Golden Hive"

The exposition dedicated to the development of beekeeping in Russia is located both indoors and outdoors. In the museum you can see different types hives, beekeeping equipment, as well as try several varieties of honey, fragrant honey gingerbread and kvass prepared with honey.

Schedule

Daily from 10.00 to 17.00.

Address

The museum is located on Sovetskaya Square in Rostov, in the city park.

House of Crafts

Amazingly beautiful exhibitions of black-glazed ceramics, birch bark products, lace makers, products from wicker and carved wooden sculpture presented in the House of Crafts, which is located on the shores of Lake Nero. In addition to finished products, in the museum you can see the work of craftsmen with your own eyes, as well as learn from them the technique of modeling clay and dough, making dolls, creating souvenirs from leather and birch bark, as well as painting wooden handicrafts.

Schedule

Daily from 11.00 to 19.00. Monday and Tuesday are days off.

Address

The museum is located at 16, 2nd Tolstovsky Proyezd, right next to the Slavyansky restaurant.

Craft Yard "Firebird"

If you want to learn the secrets of blacksmithing, you need to go on an excursion to the Rostov craft yard "Firebird". It not only shows the tools that are traditionally used in the Russian forge, but also gives the museum guests the opportunity to take part in the difficult process of forging.

Schedule

From 10.00 to 17.00. Monday and Tuesday are days off.

Address

Leninskaya Street, 32, in the backyard of the Kekins' estate.

Weapons museum

Directly opposite the Kremlin is a museum displaying a collection of weapons from the Great Patriotic War. In the exposition you can see the weapons used by both the soldiers of the USSR and the soldiers of the Wehrmacht.

The white-stone Rostov Kremlin is familiar to most of the inhabitants of our country. It was here that scenes from the popular film "Ivan Vasilyevich Changes His Profession" were filmed. Although it appears in stories with old Moscow, the shooting was carried out in similar chambers and covered passages of the Kremlin of the city of Rostov. This city is located in the Yaroslavl region, formerly known as Rostov the Great.

The history of the construction of the Rostov Kremlin

Until now, there are disputes about whether the building in Rostov has the right to bear the official name "Kremlin". Such medieval buildings, by their definition, performed a defensive function. Their construction had to be carried out in compliance with fortification requirements regulating the height and thickness of the walls, the location of loopholes and watchtowers. At the Rostov Kremlin, many elements do not meet the required defensive standards, they play a rather decorative role. This situation arose from the very beginning of construction.

The fact is that the building was conceived not as a defensive fortress, but as the residence of Metropolitan Ion Sysoevich, head of the episcopal department in Rostov. Vladyka himself supervised the development of the project and the construction process from start to finish.

Thus, in the years 1670-1683, the Metropolitan (Bishops') court was erected, imitating the biblical Garden of Eden with towers around the perimeter and a pond in the middle. Yes, there are also reservoirs - the buildings were built near Lake Nero, on a hill, and artificial ponds were dug in the courtyards.

The courtyard served as a place of accommodation and service for the highest spiritual authority for more than a century. In 1787, the bishops moved to Yaroslavl, and the architectural ensemble, in which the warehouses were located, gradually fell into disrepair. The clergy were even ready to scrap it, but the Rostov merchants did not allow destruction and restored it in 1860-1880.

After that, Nikolai Alexandrovich Romanov, the future Russian emperor, took the Metropolitan Court under his patronage and initiated the opening of state museum. The museum-reserve "Rostov Kremlin" was opened for visits in 1883. Today it is an object cultural heritage Russia.

The current state of the Rostov Kremlin

IN last years actively carried out the restoration of many objects of the Rostov Kremlin. Somewhere it has already been completed, so visitors can see the restored frescoes, walls and interior items. Some buildings and structures are still being renovated. The entire architectural ensemble of the museum-reserve is financed from the federal budget, with the exception of the Assumption Cathedral, which since 1991 has been the property of the Orthodox Church.

Behind the stone walls with eleven towers are: ancient chambers, churches, a cathedral, bell towers, outbuildings. They are divided into three zones, each of which has its own courtyard. The central zone is the Bishop's Court surrounded by churches with residential and outbuildings. The northern part is Cathedral Square with the Assumption Cathedral. The southern zone is the Metropolitan Garden with a pond.

What to see in the Kremlin?

Tours of the Rostov Kremlin are available for everyone. Entrance to some buildings is free, but most of the exhibitions and facilities can only be visited with the purchase of an entrance ticket. The following excursions are in the greatest demand among the guests of the city:

. The five-domed temple was built in 1512 on the remains of the Leontief cave chapel, which still holds the relics of St. Leonty, Bishop of Rostov and Suzdal. In this aisle, in 1314, a baby was baptized, who later became Sergius of Radonezh. The reconstruction of the temple was not carried out completely, the frescoes were only partially preserved. The temple is active, in architecture it is similar to the Assumption Cathedral in Moscow. Entrance is free, free of charge, through Cathedral Square.
. The bell tower was built in 1687. All 15 bells have been preserved in their original configuration. The largest bell on the belfry is "Sysy", it weighs 32 tons, "Polyeleiny" - 16 tons. The rest of the bells weigh less; their names are very original: "Goat", "Ram", "Hunger", "Swan". Climbing the tower is paid, but visitors are not allowed to ring the bells. At the base of the building there is a souvenir shop of black-glazed ceramics. In the belfry itself is the Church of the Entrance to Jerusalem.
Church of the Resurrection (Nadvratnaya). It was built around 1670 over two gates, travel and pedestrian, which open the way to the Bishop's Court. When passing through the gate, they purchase a ticket to view the Bishop's Court and its churches.
. Former residential building, on the lower floor of which there were utility cellars. Now the "House on the Cellars" has become a hotel of the same name, where everyone who wants to spend the night within the boundaries of the Rostov Kremlin stays. The level of comfort in the hotel is low, but the guests have the opportunity to walk around the deserted Kremlin, and in the morning - wake up to the sound of bells.
. The description of the Rostov Kremlin would not be complete without mentioning this corner for relaxation. You can walk in the garden, relax on the benches. The garden is especially beautiful in spring, during the flowering of apple trees and other trees.

The above are the most popular excursions on the territory of the Rostov Kremlin. Do not forget to take your photo or video equipment with you to capture the views of the ancient architectural ensemble and take your photos against the backdrop of memorable interiors from Leonid Gaidai's film.

Additional information about the Kremlin

Opening hours of the museum-reserve: from 10:00 to 17:00 year-round (except January 1). Tours of the walls and passages of the Kremlin are held only in the warm season, from May to October.

Museum address: Yaroslavl region, the city of Rostov (note that this is not Rostov region). From the bus station or railway station, the path to the Kremlin takes 10-15 minutes on foot. Its towers and gilded domes are visible from any outskirts of Rostov, so it is simply impossible to get lost along the way. In addition, any city dweller can easily tell you where the main attraction of the city is located.

At the box office of the museum-reserve, you can purchase both a separate ticket for visiting one building or exposition, and a single ticket "Crossing the walls of the Kremlin." Prices for individual expositions are low, from 30 to 70 rubles.

Master classes on bell ringing, on making museum postcards, on painting with Rostov enamel cost from 150 to 200 rubles.

The hotel "House on cellars" was opened, where tourists stay for any time, from one night to several days. Rooms with private facilities are designed for one to three people. Meals are provided in the "Collection" restaurant, open to all comers in the premises of the Red Chamber. The restaurant serves classic Russian cuisine, including fish and lean dishes. It is possible to order a banquet in the Kremlin restaurant on the occasion of a wedding or anniversary.