Jamaica is located. Jamaica. Water skiing

JAMAICA
a state in the West Indies, located on the island of the same name in the Caribbean. It is part of the British Commonwealth. Area 10,991 sq. km, length from west to east approx. 225 km, and from north to south - from 35 to 82 km.

Jamaica. The capital is Kingston. Population - 2670 thousand people (1994). Population density - 243 people per 1 sq. km. km. The ratio of urban and rural population - 58% and 42%. Area: 10,991 sq. km. The highest point is Blue Mountain (2256 m above sea level). Official language: English. Main religion: Protestantism. Administrative-territorial division: 3 counties and 14 parishes. Currency: Jamaican dollar = 100 cents. National holiday: Independence Day is the first Monday in August. National anthem: "God bless our land."

Jamaica map (detail)

NATURE
Approximately two thirds of Jamaica occupies a limestone plateau with a height of more than 900 m above sea level. In its western part is the famous Cockpit Country karst basin with an area of approx. 1300 sq. km, which is a complex of hills 120-150 m high, separated by narrow valleys. This region is characterized sinkholes and underground watercourses. In some places, small rivers cut picturesque gorges in limestone. In the east the plateau rises two mountain range: Grand Ridge and Blue Mountains (Blue Mountains). In the Blue Mountains is highest peak countries (2256 m). Along the northern coast stretches a narrow plain with beaches composed of fine-grained white sand and coral reefs protected from waves; these places are especially attractive for tourists. Alluvial lowlands are confined to the southern and western coasts. South coast pretty indented. There are more than 100 rivers and streams in Jamaica, but only the Black River is navigable in the lower reaches. Barges and small boats can climb up to 48 km. The climate of Jamaica is tropical trade wind. However, within the island there are small differences due to the features of the relief. Temperatures depend on absolute altitude terrain and its position in relation to the prevailing northeast trade winds. In the Kingston area average temperature July 27 ° C, and February - 24 ° C, while in the town of Gordon Hill in the Blue Mountains - 4 ° and 7 ° C, respectively. The average annual rainfall is 1900 mm, but on the relatively dry southern coast only 635 mm falls, and up to 7600 mm in the John Crow Mountains in the northeast of the island. The rainy season is clearly defined, lasting from May to October.

Flora and fauna. Forests in Jamaica occupy approximately 194 thousand hectares, i.e. 1/5 of the total area of the island. A significant part of the indigenous forest communities has been destroyed, however, in hard-to-reach places, virgin stands of large-leaved, briya (ebony) and dalbergia are still preserved. In Jamaica, there are extensive thickets of bamboo and logwood, and in some places there are plantings of Caribbean pine and eucalyptus. In the west and southwest, in areas not occupied by agricultural plantations, savanna-type vegetation of grasses with isolated trees is common. The most common for Jamaica is a cotton tree (ceiba), reaching a height of 30 m. In total, more than 3,000 species of flowering plants grow on the island, including 200 species of orchids. On the south coast, mangroves are widespread. The local fauna suffered greatly during the development of the island, although manatees and crocodiles, several species of snakes, iguana lizards, and more than 20 species of bats are still preserved here. However, most of the characteristic animals are introduced to Jamaica from other countries, including mongooses and mynas from India. Jamaica is famous for its rich bird fauna, numbering 256 species, with 25 species and 21 subspecies living only on this island.
POPULATION
Jamaica had a population of 2,670,000 in 1994. The population density is 243 people per 1 sq. km. km, and in terms of the area of agricultural land - almost 800 people per 1 sq. km. km, which is much more than cultivated land can support. Despite the overpopulation of the country, the rate of natural population growth over the past few decades has remained quite high. Although, since the 1950s, the birth rate has been gradually decreasing, this trend has hardly affected the demographic situation due to a sharp drop in mortality. In 1997, per 1,000 people, the birth rate was 21, and the death rate was only 5. In 1997, the real population growth was estimated at 7.5 per 1,000 people and was half the natural one. Since the 1950s, there has been a significant emigration of the population from Jamaica. Behind last years the outflow of the population from the countryside and the growth of cities increased. However, in 1997 rural population Jamaica still reached 47% and was concentrated in the interior highlands of the country. The Jamaican population is dominated by young people. In 1997, the share of the age group under 15 years old was 37%, 32% of the population, from 15 to 64 years old - 61%, and over 65 years old - 7%. Kingston is the capital main port and commercial center of the country. The population of the city with the adjoining suburb of St. Andrew is approx. 800 thousand people. Other cities with a population of over 25,000 include Spanish Town (the capital of Jamaica until 1872), Portmore, May Pen, and Mandeville (one of the bauxite mining centers) in the south, and Montego Bay in the northwest. Jamaica is an ethnically heterogeneous country with a predominance of Africans. 76% of the population are of the Negroid race, 15% are of mixed European-African origin (1997). The rest - immigrants from the Middle East, Europe and Asia - live mainly in cities. The official and most common language is English, but the population also speaks the local Creole-English dialect (Patois). The majority of the population professes Protestantism, but syncretic Christian-African sects have also survived. In the 1930s, an influential Rastafarian movement arose in Jamaica, which still has many adherents today. It is characterized by pacifism and ritual marijuana smoking. Rastafarianism is associated with popular reggae music, Jamaica's contribution to world culture.
POLITICAL SYSTEM
Traditions government controlled Jamaica was formed under the influence of British parliamentarism. According to the 1962 constitution, the head of state is the English monarch, who is represented by the governor general. supreme body legislature - a bicameral parliament. The Senate has 21 members, 13 of whom are appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister and 8 on the advice of the Leader of the Opposition. The House of Representatives consists of a minimum of 45, a maximum of 60 deputies elected by popular vote for a term of 5 years. The size of the House of Representatives depends on the number of constituencies. All adult citizens of Jamaica and Commonwealth countries who have lived in Jamaica for at least a year are eligible to vote. Executive power is exercised by the prime minister and an 11-member cabinet representing the winning party. Other state attributes and procedures are the same as in the UK. The two-party system is actually enshrined in the constitution. Any changes to the constitution are made after a vote in Parliament and at least two-thirds of the votes in each of the chambers. The country's main political parties are the Jamaica Labor Party (LPJ) and the People's National Party (PNP). Both were born under the influence of the trade union movement during the unrest in the West Indies in the 1930s. LPJ, founded by Alexandre Bustamante in 1943, defends the interests of private enterprise. The NPP, founded in 1938 and led for a long time by Norman Manley, is a moderate social democratic party. The largest trade unions in Jamaica are also associated with these parties: with the LPJ - the Trade Union of Industrial Workers, with the NPP - the National Union of Workers. Upon gaining independence, Jamaica inherited an efficient colonial administrative apparatus. The judicial system of Jamaica is similar to the British and is based on the general principles of British law. Available Supreme Court, appellate courts, magistrates and lower courts. There are jury trials. Administratively, Jamaica is divided into 14 parishes. 12 of them are under the control of parish councils, and the parishes of Kingston and St. Andrew have a common system of government. Jamaica is a member of the British Commonwealth, the Organization of American States, the Caribbean Common Market and the United Nations.
ECONOMY
In the 18-19 centuries. Jamaica brought fabulous profits to the English planters who grew sugar cane with the labor of Negro slaves. Modern Jamaica is economically underdeveloped dependent country. In the middle of the 20th century sugar cane, which had long been the backbone of the country's economy, gave way to bauxite, which took a leading position in exports. In the 1980s, income from the supply of sugar and bauxite fell sharply. Currently, income comes from tourism. In 1996, the gross domestic product (GDP) of Jamaica was approx. 7.8 billion dollars, i.e. $3,050 per capita. These figures do not take into account the shadow income from the sale of marijuana. In 1996 GDP growth was 0.5%. Jamaica is divided into six economic zones. In the mountainous western region, Indian hemp is grown, from which marijuana is made, and in the foothills of the Blue Mountains - the best coffees. In the central and western regions of the limestone plateau, animal husbandry is developed, Indian hemp is grown, as well as fruits and vegetables. Here are the main deposits of bauxite. The northern coast of Jamaica with beautiful beaches has become a recreation and tourism area. Large plantations of bananas and sugar cane are concentrated on the southern coastal plains, as well as factories for the production of raw sugar. The hinterland of the limestone plateau, centered on Christiana, experienced a recession in the economy for half a century, which was due to their overpopulation. In addition, the soils of the area have been severely affected by erosion. Recently Adopted Programs economic development district were crowned with a successful revival of agriculture. Despite its small area (319 sq. km), the Liguania region, confined to the alluvial plain in the southeast of the island, occupies a leading position in terms of population and economic development. The cities of Kingston and Spanish Town are located here, in which 80% of industry and 25% of the country's population are concentrated. Even in times of economic recovery, the unemployment rate exceeded a quarter of Jamaica's working-age population. In 1990, this category of the population reached 1062 thousand. More than a quarter of the economically active population is employed in agriculture, but many of them are seasonal workers on sugar cane plantations. The industry employs approx. 19% of workers. In the 1950s, despite the economic recovery of Jamaica, many residents of the island emigrated to the UK due to unemployment, and after the British authorities restricted entry into the country in 1962, they applied for work in the United States and Canada. Many new industries that require a high level of technology make do with a small number of workers. For example, less than 7 thousand people are engaged in the development of bauxite deposits. The main obstacle to the expansion of bauxite mining is the lack of cheap energy. Almost all of the country's energy is based on imported oil. In 1995, Jamaica generated 848.4 thousand kWh of electricity. Jamaica has 16 seaports, the largest of them is Kingston. On the island, the length of motor roads is 18.6 thousand km, local roads - 10.6 thousand km. The small railroad is mainly used for freight transportation. The international airports of Kingston and Montego Bay have contributed to the development of tourism, which is the main source of foreign exchange earnings. In the agricultural sector of the Jamaican economy, two types of farms are distinguished: large highly productive plantations where bananas, sugarcane, citrus fruits are grown for export, and thousands of small unprofitable farms that partially supply export products (ginger, bananas, sometimes sugar), but mostly meet the minimum domestic demand (fruits and vegetables, including potatoes, breadfruit and cassava). After 1972, the government began to buy sugar cane plantations owned by foreigners and create agricultural cooperatives on these lands. Since the 1950s, the mining industry has been actively developing in Jamaica. In the 1970s, more than half of the export earnings came from bauxite and the aluminum produced from it. In 1975, Jamaica supplied 14% of bauxite to the world market, but since 1985 their share has fallen to 7.5%. This trend would have been further developed had the US not bought large quantities of Jamaican aluminum to replenish its strategic reserves. In the 1960s and early 1970s, industrial products began to gain more and more weight in the Jamaican economy. In 1995, it amounted to 36.2% of GDP. The most developed light industry, including the production of food, sugar, textiles, paper and cigarettes. In addition, there are a number of large industrial enterprises in Jamaica owned by foreign companies and working on imported raw materials. They produce chemical products, machinery, machine tools, glass, cement and metal products, as well as refining bauxite and oil. Industrial products of Jamaica are mostly produced for domestic consumption, but are also exported to the countries of the Caribbean Common Market. The value of imports here far exceeds the earnings from exports. Thus, in 1995, $2.8 billion was spent on imports, while export earnings amounted to only $1.4 billion. The situation was not saved by $960 million of tourism profits, which were spent on burdensome payments for the import of services. and interest payments on foreign debts. In the 1980s, the deficit trade balance financed more than $500 million a year from the proceeds of marijuana smuggling, more than $100 million from US bailouts, and mostly foreign loans that leave the country heavily indebted. Jamaica's trading partners are the US, UK and Canada.

SOCIETY
In Jamaica, the class and ethnic stratification of society is clearly expressed. The narrow, most prosperous stratum of the population, until recently, consisted almost exclusively of whites. more numerous middle class was represented mainly by mestizos of Afro-European origin, as well as emigrants from Asia and the Middle East. The most numerous socially disenfranchised lower class is formed almost exclusively by immigrants from Africa. A significant part of the country's population, especially in cities and to a lesser extent in rural areas, lives in poverty. In recent decades, the government of Jamaica began to provide assistance to the poor. A program of public charitable works was implemented, a law on minimum wages was adopted, a mandatory health insurance and expanded the construction of public housing. A massive campaign was launched to control school attendance and eradicate illiteracy (in the early 1970s, half of the adult population was illiterate). The rich musical and dance traditions of Jamaica are inherited from African cultures. Singers such as Bob Marley (1945-1981), who belonged to the Rastafari religious sect, revived these traditions, combining them with elements of jazz and rock. This music, called the reggae style, has gained immense popularity around the world.
STORY
By 1494, when Columbus discovered Jamaica, approx. 100 thousand Arawak Indians. During the first 100 years of Spanish domination, their number was reduced to a few hundred people. The Spanish began colonizing Jamaica in 1509 and held it until 1655 when the British invaded the island. Despite its favorable strategic position, Jamaica never had the importance for the Spaniards that the other Antilles had, since it was away from the main trade routes. After the capture of the island by the British, Port Royal turned into a stronghold of pirates, who for almost 10 years were the complete masters of the situation. In 1670 the British authorities expelled the pirates. In 1692 Port Royal was destroyed by an earthquake. After the Spaniards were expelled from Jamaica, many slaves fled into the interior of the island. These runaway Maroon slaves created their own culture and did not submit to the British authorities until the 1730s. It was during this era that the mass importation of African slaves to Jamaica began, and it turned into a transshipment point for the slave trade: from here slaves were resold to North and South America. The slaves left behind in Jamaica itself were used as labor on the sugar cane plantations. Jamaica in the 18th century became one of the largest suppliers of sugar to the world market. In 1833, slavery was abolished in Jamaica, but slaves were actually freed only five years later. The abolition of slavery was, though not the only, but undoubtedly the main reason for the reduction in sugar production in Jamaica. The downward trend in this industry was outlined even earlier, after 1807, when the slave trade was banned. As a result, the number of workers decreased and the price of sugar rose accordingly. Slave uprisings became more frequent, the largest of them occurred in 1831. Freedom brought new problems. The planters tried to force the former slaves to work, resorting to direct pressure to do this. local authorities, harassment, discriminatory taxation and land acquisition. In addition, the planters created an uneven playing field by recruiting Indian and Chinese expatriate workers. The discontent of the Jamaican workers spilled over into the uprising of 1865, which was suppressed with extreme cruelty. The commission of inquiry revealed a number of clear violations of the law in the treatment of workers. It became apparent reluctance to allow black islanders to political power. As a result, the British had to radically change the system of government in Jamaica. The former system gave way to the colonial administration, which retained complete control of the British in all spheres of Jamaican life. Many reforms were carried out, but in fact the interests of the planters were defended. However, at the end of the 19th century the layer of dark-skinned peasants who earned on the supply of bananas to the United States expanded. At the beginning of the 20th century New trends in Jamaica's domestic politics have accelerated the integration of the black population into economic life. At the same time, the colonial administration could not ensure the well-being of all the islanders, whose numbers were rapidly increasing. Back in the middle of the 19th century. began mass emigration from Jamaica to Central America - to banana plantations, the construction of the Panama Canal and railways, on sugarcane plantations in Cuba and Haiti, as well as in the US and UK. By 1930, emigration was greatly reduced, and many emigrants began to return to their homeland. However, the rise in unemployment, which coincided with the global economic crisis, created social tensions, which resulted in mass unrest of the population in 1938. These protests, including against the racist policies of the British authorities, were inspired by Marcus Garvey and other ideologues of Negro nationalism, whose radical views formed during their stay outside the country. In addition, Jamaicans were strongly influenced by black nationalist ideas in the United States and the West Indies. This movement asserted the originality of culture and the revival of African traditions. A government commission appointed to investigate the causes of civil unrest in Jamaica recommended a "new approach" to the administration of the colony. The British government set up a financial fund for the economic development of the island and gradually re-established a representative government there. The new constitution of 1944 provided for the creation of a chamber of deputies elected by popular vote of the adult population. In 1959, Norman Manley, leader of the People's National Party (PNP), who won the election, became prime minister of the Jamaican government. By this time, Jamaica had received the right of full local self-government and in 1958 joined the newly formed West Indies Federation, which united the former British possessions in the Antilles. Jamaica received only a third of the representation in the federation, although the population of the island was half the population of all member countries of the federation. Such a disproportionate representation was the reason for the country's withdrawal from the federation in 1961 and the declaration of independence on August 6, 1962. Alexander Bustamante, leader of the Jamaican Labor Party (LPJ), became the head of the country's first independent government. In 1967 he was replaced by the chairman of the same party, Hugh Shearer. In the first decade of independence, the country's economy developed rapidly thanks to high prices for bauxite on the world market. In 1972, the NPP defeated the LPJ, and Michel Manley, the son of Norman Manley, who died in 1969, became Prime Minister. His government, which took a leftist course, established ties with Cuba and other developing countries. Although Manley constantly emphasized his adherence to the principles of a market economy, foreign investment in the Jamaican economy declined sharply and illegal capital flight began, which led to an economic crisis in the mid-1970s. In the 1976 elections, the NPP again won. Rising unemployment and external debt forced Manley to ask for help from the IMF, which in response demanded a tightening of financial policy. Manley did not agree to such terms. In the 1980 elections, probably the most tumultuous in Jamaican history, the LPJ, led by Edward Seaga, emerged victorious. This victory met with the approval of Ronald Reagan. The US government provided great financial assistance to the PLJ in her election campaign and did not skimp on support in the future. In gratitude, Shiga radically revised Manly's social security policy, severed diplomatic relations with Cuba, and supported the US intervention in Grenada in 1983. Despite IMF loans and US financial assistance, the Jamaican economy continued to stagnate, and the standard of living of the population declined. Therefore, in the 1989 elections, the NNP won a decisive victory, and Manley again became prime minister. This time he accepted the conditions of the IMF and began to pursue a more conservative political course. In March 1992, he resigned for health reasons and was succeeded as prime minister by Percival Patterson, who led the NPP to victory in the 1993 elections. This party remained in power after the 1997 elections, retaining 55% of the seats in parliament. The post of prime minister was again taken by P. Patterson.
LITERATURE
Bulavin V.I. Jamaica. M., 1968 Dridzo A.D. Jamaican maroons. M., 1971 Stepanov Yu.S. Jamaica. M., 1980

Collier Encyclopedia. - Open Society. 2000 .

Jamaica is the third largest island in the Caribbean. Generous epithets were awarded beautiful island people inspired by his beauty. And indeed, unique landscapes Jamaica does not leave anyone indifferent: bright tropical sun, blue mountain peaks, swift rivers, amazing waterfalls and gorges, golden sandy beaches, green valleys. The natural and climatic conditions of Jamaica are amazing and romantic. "Jamaica" in translation from the language of indigenous tribes - "land of streams." On the island of Jamaica, there are about 120 rivers and 10 springs with mineral water. Most of Jamaica's rivers are suitable for rafting with a local accent, rafting tourists on bamboo rafts. The island of Jamaica is all wrapped up in the greenery of tropical forests, striking with a great variety of amazing cascading waterfalls. It is no coincidence that Jamaica is always associated with summer. The sun shines generously all year round, with light winds from the northeast and pleasant sea breezes. That is why the heat in Jamaica is not languishing, but light and fresh. The gentle azure sea, beautiful sunsets and blossoms complete the image of Jamaica as an earthly paradise.

The image of the island of Jamaica for many is associated with various moments. Jamaica is often associated with rum and coffee, spices and fruits. The life and work of the world famous Bob Marley made Jamaica the birthplace of reggae and gave the world another association. The enchanting rhythms of this specific music are heard from every corner of Jamaica, contributing to comfortable rest and relaxation. The world-famous resorts of Negril, Montego Bay, Ocho Rios brought considerable fame to Jamaica. Jamaica is a dream getaway for cavers from all over the world. A huge number of caves in Jamaica does not leave them indifferent. All of the above makes Jamaica the most attractive destination for tourism in the Caribbean.

geographical position

Jamaica is located in the western part caribbean, 144 km. south of Cuba, bordering the Caribbean Sea. Together with Cuba, Haiti and Puerto Rico, Jamaica is part of the Greater Antilles West Indies. The total area is 10.9 thousand square meters. km. (the third largest island in the region).

what climate?

Tropical trade wind. There are 4 seasons - two rainy (May-June and September-November) and two dry (July-August and December-April). On the coast, almost all year round, the air temperature ranges from +24 C to +35 C, in the mountainous regions it is somewhat cooler - from +15 C to +27 C. The period from May to October is considered the most rainy. Tropical hurricanes hit the country from July to November, peaking in August-September. The resort operates all year round.

capital

Kingston.

population

Most of the island population, numbering about 2.6 million people, are Jamaicans of African descent, but a strong mixture of immigrants from the African continent with emigrants from Europe, China, India and the Middle East, who entered into mixed marriages, formed a fairly diverse ethnic group, which considered to be an independent nation.

religion

The majority of the population are Christians (about 60% are Protestants, 6% are Catholics, etc.). However, the influence of the traditional beliefs of the African continent, often mixed with Christian norms, is strong.

political structure

An independent republic within the British Commonwealth. The head of state is nominally the Queen of Great Britain, represented by the Governor General. The government is headed by the prime minister. Administrative division - 14 districts.

difference in time

Behind Moscow by 9 hours.

language

English. The local version of the language is quite different from literary English, since many words are of Spanish or African origin. Therefore, this dialect is often referred to as "patois" or "airi".

currency

Jamaican dollar ( international designation- JMD, within the country - JD or J$), consisting of 100 cents.

flight

The easiest way is to fly by KLM via Amsterdam (overnight in Amsterdam) or british airways via Gatwick (overnight in London) with a transfer to a Martinair flight to Montego Bay (from Amsterdam - about 12 hours, from London - about 11 hours of flight). When departing from the country at the airport, a fee is charged from all passengers over 12 years of age in the amount of $30 (included in the ticket price).

transport

The main form of transport in the country is buses. Often badly worn, they run with little to no schedule between the main cities. It is not recommended for a foreigner to travel on them - it is better to use special flights organized by hotel complexes. In most cases, the conductor takes the money for the fare. Public transport in cities is represented by buses, express buses (run on schedule between certain points), fixed-route taxis(they go on certain routes and are very inexpensive) and taxis. The fare in urban transport is low, most municipal cars run very irregularly, although the buses of large companies strictly follow the schedule. When driving on local roads, you should be extremely careful - the driving style of local residents is quite extreme, everyone drives as he pleases. In the provinces, pets can walk along the road, children play or locals can talk in a close circle, often there is a trade in some handicrafts right on the side of the road.

medical care and insurance

Medical care is paid. IN tourist areas the level of medical staff is quite high, in other areas the qualification of medical workers is clearly insufficient. Major hotels have a staff of round the clock doctors on call. International health insurance is recommended.

resort areas

90 km. to the west of Kingston is the beautiful mountain resort of Mandeville with its Vintage Car Museum and church. This is a city of first-class sports fields and secluded villas. A little to the west lies the famous Cockpit Country - a massive limestone plateau in the center of the country. It is a wild area of breathtaking beauty, rich in caves and ponds, as well as wild animals and endemic plants. And the famous Spanish Town, which lies 30 km. west of the capital, widely known for its colonial-era houses.

Montego Bay is the second largest city in the country and the center of a huge resort area in the northwest of the country. Almost half of the country's luxury hotels, magnificent sandy beaches, many old mansions and plantations of tropical crops are concentrated here. Here are the best golf courses on the island, as well as excellent conditions for diving and surfing.

Negril is the westernmost and fastest growing resort area Jamaica. Luxurious seven-mile Calico Jack Beach, Bloody Bay, 18 magnificent reefs and islands in Booby Bay are attractive here. This is one of the most environmentally friendly resorts in the world.

The resort of Ocho Rios is located in the center of the northern coast of Jamaica, on the shores of the famous Discovery Bay. The local area is famous, first of all, for its luxurious vegetation - nowhere else on the island can you find such dense thickets of hibiscus, pomsetia and other tropical plants, as well as the beautiful beaches of Rannaway Bay.

Port Antonio is located in the extreme northeast of the island. This is a quiet pastoral town in which a fairly wealthy part of the country's population lives. Therefore, the resorts here have their own identity - quite traditional, calm and without the fuss inherent in other Jamaican recreation areas. The famous Blue Lagoon is located here - the filming location of the film of the same name, beautiful beach Boston Beach, Castleton Gardens, fashionable Crystal Spring resort, Somerset waterfalls and Rich Falls Climb, picturesque Valley Hicks, old de Monvin mansion, Fort George (XVII century), beautiful Twin Harbor, Rio Valley -Grande, the Nonsuch Caves, the famous Port Antonio marina and the colorful Navy Island. The surroundings of the city are so picturesque that films are constantly being shot here.

entertainment

Golf, cricket, jungle safari. Travel on uninhabited islands. Cruises on yachts, helicopter excursions, paragliding, diving, snorkeling. Equestrian (350-acre equestrian facility at Chucka Cove). Music festivals and carnivals. Restaurants, discos and casinos.

shopping

Large shopping centers are usually open from 9.00 to 17.00 from Monday to Saturday, on Wednesdays or Thursdays (depending on the area) they are open until 14.00-15.00. A huge number of small souvenir shops operate on their own schedule.

kitchen

Local traditions are quite peculiar, representing a colorful mixture of Indian, English, Spanish and African cuisine, based on the widespread use of fruits, pork, poultry, seafood, vegetables and all kinds of seasonings. Breakfast is usually scrambled eggs and bacon, toast and a kind of local fruit "akki", served with pickled fish. Creole pork, stewed chicken with rice, fried and baked bananas of a special variety, beef with picadillo rice, char-grilled goat meat with beans, marinated and char-grilled meat with the common name "jerk" are popular, as well as traditional seafood, which are first marinated and then prepared according to a thousand recipes. As a light snack, all the same fruits, pies with various fillings and completely cosmopolitan sandwiches are used. Fruits are served here with almost any meal, a huge number of independent dishes are prepared from them, among which are interesting original fruit salads and cocktails, fried pineapples and bananas in sauce, various salads in freshly chopped coconut, freshly prepared fruit juices, etc. Here you can try exotic " orange, ugli, akki, papaya, avocado, star apple, sweet and sour sop, guava, etc. They also make excellent drinks, among which skyjuice is especially popular. A separate article is the pride of the country - the famous Jamaican rum, especially the Appleton and Myers brands, as well as liqueurs made on its basis. Red Stripe beer is also popular. Coffee in Jamaica is also a source of national pride. Its best variety - "Blue Mountain", is widely exported to other countries. Coffee is usually brewed very strong, sometimes flavored with rum or cardamom, and consumed in large quantities and at any time of the day. Any hot drink is called tea here, so under this term on the menu there may be an infusion of some local herb, flower petals, etc. Black tea is drunk in English, richly flavoring the "liquid" tea infusion by our standards with milk.

attractions

Lying in the center Caribbean, Jamaica has long been known as one of the most original resort areas region. The original culture of the locals, the original culture of "rasta", "reggae" music, magnificent mountain landscapes, dozens of waterfalls, hundreds of kilometers of first-class beaches and coastal waters teeming with life - these are the main "trump cards" of the island.

The Spanish town (1582) is one of the main attractions of the island. The city was founded by the son of Christopher Columbus - Diego. The exposition presents objects and documents that tell about the history of the development of the island. Manuscripts and Letters of George Washington, King Louis XIV, Testament of Sir Henry Morgan.
Cathedral of St. Catherine (XVII century) - one of the oldest architectural monuments of Jamaica, preserved from the time of Spanish rule.
Royal Botanic Gardens (1881) - the largest natural reserve in the West Indies.
The Bob Marley Museum is a collection of personal items and photographs of the musician.

information

Reference phones:

Jamaica Tourist Office (JTB) - 929-92-00.

Security Rules: The security situation is rather ambiguous. Within the boundaries of large tourist areas, you don’t have to worry about personal safety - the work of its own security services is quite well established here and special police units operate. Outside of resorts, you should always exercise extra caution when dealing with locals. The standard of living of the bulk of the country's population is extremely low, which cannot but leave an imprint on their attitude towards tourists. You should not appear outside the resort areas alone - only in groups. Be careful when responding to an invitation from a local resident to "show the real Jamaica" - most likely it will be a banal brothel or brothel. You should especially be wary of poshly dressed young Jamaicans, who rather intrusively demonstrate their omniscience of everything and everyone - usually these are banal scammers. Women should be doubly careful.

Drugs: The Jamaican State Commission recognized marijuana as part of the local culture. Almost everyone smokes "weed" here, everywhere and at any time, the authorities practically do not prosecute people for smoking. Therefore, one should be especially careful when smoking all local cigarettes - many of them are still filled with "grass" at the factory.

Natural hazards: very high level of insolation - necessary for the period of adaptation sunscreen and light clothing. It is generally recommended to use sunscreen all the time, especially from 9.00 am to 3.00 pm, when the level of ultraviolet radiation is especially high (it starts to get dark after 6 pm).

Nutrition: in no case should you eat unwashed fruits and vegetables. Milk is pasteurized, dairy products are safe for consumption. Local meat, poultry, seafood, fruits and vegetables are generally considered safe to eat, but many local dishes are unfamiliar and can cause stomach upset.

Electricity: Mains voltage is typically 110V, 50Hz. American style sockets with flat plug. In some large hotels - 220 V, 50 Hz.

On the long spit linking Port Royal and Kingston is the Norman Manley International Airport, from here to the center of the capital of Jamaica - 20 km. Flights from Russia with transfers in Europe or the USA fly to Kingston regularly. Not far from downtown there is a smaller airport - Kingston Tinson Pen. It receives flights from Montego Bay (14 seat Jamaica Air Shuttle aircraft)

Minibuses and buses number 98 run between the main international airport and the city. The fare for one person is 100 JMD, a taxi will cost about 1500 JMD. Prices on the page are for October 2018.

Find flights to Kingston

Money

More than ten banks are located on Knutsford Boulevard. They are open Monday to Thursday from 9:00 to 14:00 and Friday from 9:00 to 12:00 and 15:00 to 17:00. Almost all banks have currency exchange offices and ATMs that operate around the clock.

Be vigilant in Kingston

Kingston has a reputation for being a dangerous city with a high crime rate. You should not visit Kingston during elections, when the situation is especially tense. Avoid West Kingston, stick to the city center, main roads. At the hotel reception, you can ask the manager which areas are the most dangerous. At night, you should not walk around the city alone.

Transport

Buses and minibuses run around the city. They only stop at official stops, so in Kingston you can’t just “catch” a minibus. Working hours public transport: 5:00-22:00. The fare is 50-80 JMD.

It is easy to hail a taxi in the city, except when it is raining and the demand for them rises sharply. It is best to order a taxi at the hotel, then there will be no doubt that you will be lucky with a proven driver. A trip from New Kingston to the city center will cost approximately 500 JMD.

From Kingston you can get anywhere on the island by bus, minibus or minibus.

From Kingston you can get anywhere on the island by bus, minibus or minibus. They depart from the downtown terminal (Beckford & Pechon Sts), five blocks west of William Grant Park.

Several buses also depart from the Half Way Tree area, from here you can catch a local bus to New Kingston. Before boarding the bus, check with the driver where he is going.

Rent a Car

The largest and most popular car rental company is Island Car Rentals. Her main office located in New Kingston, at 17 Antigua Avenue. The company's branch is located in international airport Manly. Other companies: Avis, Budget and Hertz.

Of course, in order to rent a car, you need to be over 23 years old and have an international driving license.

shopping

There are many small shops in Kingston where you can buy natural soap. The Half Way Tree Shoppingcentr sells Bob Marley T-shirts and DVDs. At the intersection of Hope Road and Barbican Road is shopping complex Sovereign Center, there are many shops with all sorts of things, as well as a grocery supermarket, and here you can also have a bite to eat in the cafeteria.

Cuisine and restaurants in Kingston

Kingston is not the place to enjoy fine dining and discover new flavors. You will have to eat here, mainly fast food. Eateries like KFC, Burger King, T.G.I. Fridays and Island Grill fit perfectly into the atmosphere of the city. On the territory of Devon House there is an ice cream parlor and a bakery, where you can also look.

Entertainment and attractions of Kingston

The main attraction of Kingston is the Devon House - the home of Jamaica's first black millionaire, George Stiebel. In front of the house - beautiful park. For a change, you can go to the Kaimanos Park racetrack, where races are held on weekends.

There are many bars and discos on Knutsford Boulevard that are open at night.

Previously, this place was the abode of pirates. In search of first-class rum and grandiose adventures, many daredevils came here. At the present time, real pirates cannot be found here, but the spirit of fun and romance is constantly hovering to the sounds of reggae. Tourists rush here for rum and the popular Blue Mountain coffee, and local guides are ready to arrange a real breathtaking tour of the surrounding area for a fee.

Such a familiar and at the same time distant country. So where is Jamaica - a haven of pirates and real sea adventures? More about this in the article.

What is Jamaica and where is it located

Looking at the world map in the Greater Antilles, you can see Jamaica. Wikipedia reports that it is north of Panama, near Cuba and Haiti. There are many legends and songs about beautiful Jamaica today, and it seems that its name is known to the whole world, but not everyone realizes that this is not a city at all, but a whole island state, with its own government apparatus. Jamaica became independent in 1962. Although the prime minister heads the country, the entire space of the island nominally belongs to the British Commonwealth, headed by Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain.

Due to its area of 10,991 square kilometers, Jamaica occupies an honorable third place among all the Greater Antilles. The country is washed by the warm Caribbean Sea (the water temperature here never drops below 26 degrees). To be precise, on the world map, the island is located 145 kilometers south of Cuba, 190 kilometers west of the island of Haiti and 290 kilometers southeast of the Cayman Islands. The length of the island is 82 kilometers from north to south and 225 kilometers from west to east.

Country territory was conditionally divided into 14 districts, which are included in the counties - yes, yes, it is in the counties. Although the counts are no longer to be found here, but only disguised natives singing in a special American dialect. official language English is recognized, but, nevertheless, colloquial speech is very different from standard English. Most here communicate in the Patois dialect. Mostly Africans and mulattos live on the island of Jamaica, but you can also meet representatives of other nationalities. official currency countries, oddly enough, the dollar became, although, nevertheless, a special, Jamaican.

Relief, climate and other features

Looking at a detailed map of Jamaica, you can immediately notice that most of the area is occupied by hills and lowlands. The south coast is strewn with beautiful harbors, but is heavily indented and fringed with colorful reefs, the north is rather rocky and has a narrow strip of white beaches with the loud name "Jamaican Riviera", and in the east are the Blue Mountains, where Blue Mountain Peak is the highest point on the island at 2256 meters. Low-lying plains stretch along the west coast of Jamaica.

Jamaica is a country of rivers (120 in total), lakes and waterfalls. That is why she was given the Indian nickname "haymaka", which in translation sounds like "land of springs". Despite the fact that for a long time the colonists ruled on the island, cutting down rainforests and cultivating plantations, the ecosystems of the island still remained diverse and allow you to see not only mountains and lowlands, but also savannah with selva (on the mountain slopes in the northeastern part of the island).

Climate in the country tropical monsoon, so the temperature in the predominant part of the island is high - about 30 degrees. Despite the constant heat, locals and tourists feel great: the sea breeze softens the summer heat well. From May to October, rains and strong winds rule the island, so winter is considered to be the tourist season.

Among the exotic plants on the island are found: Caribbean pine, orchids, eucalyptus, hibiscus, chocolate tree and other tropical vegetation. With wildlife, Jamaica is not so dense - it is relatively poor, which the country owes to the invaders who developed the land. In the forests there are some species of birds (the most famous hummingbird), rats, rabbits, mongooses, turtles, iguanas. But there is also great news for all tourists - there are almost no predators here, and the poor crocodiles are considered endangered.

The best cities and resorts of the island

The coasts of the island of Jamaica, as you can see on the map, are strewn with small towns with luxury hotels and private beaches. The largest and most popular of them:

Other, less popular, but rather large cities are Morant Bay, St. Andrew, St. James, Manchester, St. Catherine.

Capital of Kingston Island. It is considered cultural and shopping center countries, although in some places, as they say, many tourists, there is no special culture: the streets are dirty, there is a lot of poverty, herb smokers and other “local specifics”. It concerns mainly the old part of the city, everything is decent in the new one. The most popular places for tourists here are: EU commission Gerard Butler Sky

Bob Marley Museum,
national theater dance,
Museum "Royal House"
National Gallery,
liberation park.

If we talk about the most beautiful beach resorts, then you definitely cannot ignore Jamaica. The country especially reveres Montego Bay, the fourth largest population after Kingston. It's just here tourist paradise- many hotels, including five-star ones, luxury villas, the famous Doctor Cave beach with its own mineral springs, the shops. There are also mystical places in Montego Bay. The mansion of the white witch Rose Hall, who wielded voodoo magic during her lifetime and ruined many innocent lives. Currently, one married couple has made a museum here. The place is not so scary, but its former glory wraps it in a veil of mystery.

Previously, the capital of the island of Jamaica (English Jamaica) was deservedly Spanish Town, the style of the city has remained as in the seventeenth century. The city excites the imagination of tourists when a guide takes them on a tour of the surroundings. Here, even new buildings are built in the old manner, which creates special atmosphere: as if for a moment you find yourself in a film about past centuries. Walking around the city it is impossible to pass by the oldest architectural monument of the country - St. Catherine's Cathedral. The temple is decorated with elaborate wooden carvings and an impressive iconostasis. The ancient features of classicism and the Middle Ages distinguish this building from other architectural monuments of the city.

If the tourist wants to enjoy incredible waterfalls or thickets of tropical vegetation, then it is best for him to go to Ocho Rios. The resort is located on the northern beaches of the country and is distinguished by its beautiful waterfalls and coffee plantations.

Have you ever been on a Hollywood movie set? If not, then visit Port Antonio - resort in the northeast of the island of Jamaica. Due to the picturesque nature of this place, various films are often shot here. The resort differs from other places in the country also in a very calm, quiet atmosphere. Everyone who prefers family holidays or solitude prefers Port Antonio.

What kind of vacation should a tourist choose?

In the country of Jamaica great expanse for tourism. You can choose:

leisurely sightseeing tours resort towns;
development of the Jamaican Riviera (a strip of snow-white beaches made of fine sand);
immersion in the world of wildlife and extreme sports.

To raise adrenaline in the blood There are many special ways on the island: from steep descents along mountain paths on bicycles, to overcoming the seething rivers on rubber boats. All lovers of extreme tourism are better off insuring themselves first!

Another great opportunity to entertain yourself in style is the Jamaican festivals. For some reason, they are especially loved on the island: there is a reggae music festival, rum festivals, and gastronomic fiestas. If a tourist at home did not get to the New Year's carnival for some reason, going to the island of Jamaica, it is better for him to grab a bright costume, a second chance to have fun from the heart is definitely provided here. Every January and February in the capital, Kingston, a grandiose show is held - the Jamaican Carnival.

Shopping in Jamaica

Forget about shopping while in Jamaica? This is impossible! Especially rare and interesting souvenirs here is invisible. Most tourists bring home local rum (such as Appleton Rum), rastaman hats, jewelry, and the famous Blue Mountain coffee. Inspired by such a variety, travelers sometimes forget to bargain, but here bargaining is almost a tradition. Often in the markets you need to be attentive to souvenirs and not be led by provocations from some merchants: products made from coral or tortoise shell are very rare and beautiful, but their purchase, as well as their sale, are outlawed. You can only take out purchased items from the country after presenting a check.

Journey through a small paradise island Jamaica has come to an end. Blue sea, hot coral beaches, white sand, smiles of the natives to the sounds of reggae - pleasant impressions from these places remain for a long time. It is definitely worth visiting the sunny country at least once. We wish everyone a happy journey, if someone decides to travel! And as they say, Rastafarians: "may the force be with you."

Jamaica on the world map

Useful data for tourists about Jamaica, cities and resorts of the country. As well as information about the population, currency of Jamaica, cuisine, features of visa and customs restrictions Jamaica.

Geography of Jamaica

Jamaica is an island country in Central America ( Caribbean region). Together with Cuba, Haiti and Puerto Rico, Jamaica is part of the archipelago of the Greater Antilles of the West Indies.

The southern coast of Jamaica is strongly indented, has good harbors that once served as a refuge for pirates, but is bordered by reefs. north coast The islands are rocky, in its central part there is a narrow strip of beaches - the so-called Jamaican Riviera. Most The territory of Jamaica is occupied by a hilly limestone plateau; in the east of the island, the Blue Mountains rise up to 2256 m.

Jamaica is highly seismic.

State

State structure

An independent republic within the British Commonwealth. The head of state is nominally the Queen of Great Britain, represented by the Governor General. Under the Governor-General, there is an advisory body appointed by him - the Privy Council. The legislature is a bicameral parliament. The government is headed by the prime minister.

Language

State language: English

The local version of the language is quite different from literary English, since many words are of Spanish or African origin. Therefore, this dialect is often referred to as "patois" or "airi".

Religion

About 60% are Protestants, 6% are Catholics. However, the influence of the traditional beliefs of the African continent is strong.

Currency

International name: JMD

In circulation there are banknotes of 2, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 Jamaican dollars, coins of 5, 10, 20, 25, 50 cents and 1.5 dollars. At the same time, there are coins of two main series (80s and 90s) and a large number of commemorative ones in circulation.

The American dollar also circulates in Jamaica. Many tourist centers and shops accept traveler's checks for payment (they are also recommended to be purchased in US currency) or credit cards of the world's leading systems: Visa, American Express and some others.

The official exchange rate is not maintained everywhere. Most favorable exchange rate- in banks and exchange offices.

History of Jamaica

From ancient times, Jamaica was inhabited by the Arawak Indians, who were mainly engaged in hunting and fishing, until in 1494 the caravels of Christopher Columbus appeared here. Great Navigator deprived indigenous people freedom and declared the island a Spanish colony. Ruthless exploitation already in the 16th century led to the almost complete destruction of the Indians. In 1513, African slaves were brought into Jamaica to work on the plantations. The weakening of Spanish power in the middle of the 17th century allowed Great Britain to seize Jamaica in 1655 and turn it into the largest center of the slave trade. Over the next century and a half, about a million people were sold here.

By the 18th century, blacks on the island made up the vast majority of the population. Their cruel exploitation on the plantations of tobacco and raw sugar (the main article of the Jamaican economy) caused the strongest uprisings. The struggle for independence that unfolded in the Latin American colonies from the beginning of the 19th century also found a response in the English possessions. The situation became especially acute in 1831-1834. The colonial authorities had to make serious concessions and abolish slavery in 1838.

In the 20th century, the people of Jamaica once again took advantage of the weakening of Great Britain, which undermined economic power during the Second World War. In the 1940s, a new wave of people's struggle for independence began. In 1943, the metropolis was forced to introduce universal suffrage, and on August 6, 1962, it recognized the full political independence of the island.

From ancient times, Jamaica was inhabited by the Arawak Indians, who were mainly engaged in hunting and fishing, until in 1494 the caravels of Christopher Columbus appeared here. The great navigator deprived the indigenous population of freedom and declared the island a Spanish colony. Ruthless exploitation already in the 16th century led to the almost complete destruction of the Indians. In 1513, African slaves were brought into Jamaica to work on the plantations. The weakening of Spanish power in the middle of the 17th century allowed Great Britain to seize Jamaica in 1655 and turn it into the largest center of the slave trade. Over the next century and a half, about a million people were sold here ....

Popular Attractions

Jamaica Tourism

Souvenirs

Most often, tourists bring wood sculptures, chasing, semi-precious stone products, household appliances, as well as the famous Blue Mountain coffee and excellent Jamaican rum, especially brands such as Appleton and Myers.

Medicine

The country has a fairly high level of venereal diseases and AIDS. Mosquitoes and other blood-sucking insects pose some danger. Repellents needed.

Never eat unwashed fruits and vegetables. Milk is pasteurized, dairy products are safe for consumption. Local meat, poultry, seafood, fruits and vegetables are generally considered safe to eat, but many local dishes are unfamiliar and can cause stomach upset.

Safety

Outside of resorts, you should always exercise extra caution when dealing with locals. The standard of living of the bulk of the country's population is extremely low, which cannot but leave an imprint on their attitude towards tourists.

You should not appear outside the resort areas alone - only in groups. Be careful when responding to an invitation from a local resident to "show the real Jamaica" - most likely it will be a banal brothel or a hangout of "marijuana-loaded" local "informals".

Questions and opinions about Jamaica

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