Characteristics of Great Britain according to the plan. General characteristics of Great Britain. Trade balance, billion pounds

Ministry of General and Vocational Education

Sverdlovsk region

State educational institution

initial vocational education

Vocational school for the training of trade workers

Economic-geographical

country profile

Great Britain

Essay

Executor:

Telitsyna M.M.

student of group No. 21

Supervisor:

geography teacher

Khorzova T.V.

Ekaterinburg

Introduction……………………………………………………………….…3

1. Territory, borders, position of the country…………………………....4

2. Natural conditions and resources………………………………………......5

3.Population………………………………………………………………….7

4.Economy and industry………………………………………...8

5.Agriculture…………………………………………………….11

6.Transport………………………………………………………………….12

7. Science and finance………………………………………………………….13

8. Recreation and tourism …………………………………………………….......15

9. Security environment and environmental problems…………....18

Conclusion ……………………………………………………………….19

Annex 1…………………………………………………………….20

Annex 2…………………………………………………………….21

Annex 3…………………………………………………………….22

Annex 4…………………………………………………………….23

Appendix 5…………………………………………………………….24

References…………………………………………………………25

Introduction

I chose the topic "Economics" geographical position Great Britain” because it is Great Britain that is closer to me than all other countries, of course, not counting Russia. I would like to visit this country, its cultural places and learn more about it than my superficial knowledge.

To write an essay on this topic, you need to study four sources that accurately describe the position of Great Britain. And based on these sources, it is necessary, on the basis of the questions raised, to show the current state of the country and draw a conclusion about its state.

Great Britain (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) is an irregularly shaped archipelago with a very diverse landscape and nature. The area of ​​the UK is about 240,842 sq. km. Most of it is land, and the rest is rivers and lakes. The area of ​​England is 129,634 sq. km., Wales - 20,637 sq. km., Scotland - 77,179 sq. km. and Northern Ireland - 13,438 sq. km. The southern tip of the island of Great Britain, the Cornwall peninsula, is located at 50 ° N, and the northernmost part of the Shetland Islands archipelago is at 60 ° N. The length of the island of Great Britain from north to south is 966 km, and its greatest width is half that. Great Britain has a complex administrative-territorial division. It consists of 4 historical and geographical regions: England (45 counties and a special administrative unit - Greater London). Wales (8 counties); Northern Ireland (26 districts); Scotland (12 regions); independent administrative units are the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. From the west, Great Britain is washed by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean, and from the east - by the waters of the North Sea. From the south, Great Britain borders on France - the closest and most developed neighbor, which has common water borders with it. The shortest distance to the northern coast of France is the Strait of Dover, but the main communication between the states is through the English Channel, called the English Channel by the British, along the bottom of which a high-speed rail tunnel was built at the end of the twentieth century. Prior to this, communication between the two countries was carried out by water or air. Also, the closest neighbors of Great Britain are Belgium and the Netherlands, Denmark, Germany, Norway are located much further. Thus, UK EGP is both neighboring and seaside, which is extremely beneficial for economic development country, although it has some disadvantages in strategic and military terms.

The total population (according to 2008) is 61,113,205 people. Age structure: up to 14 years - 16.7%, 15-64 - 67.1%, from 65 and older - 16.2%. The average age of men is 39 years, women - 41 years. The average composition of a family is 2 children and parents. The rural population is 11%, the density of the rural population is 242 people. per 1 km sq. The total number of economically active population is 29 million people. In cities with a population of St. 100 thousand people almost half of the country's population lives. The largest cities in terms of the number of inhabitants: London (6,803,000 people), Birmingham (935,000 people), Glasgow (654,000 people), Sheffield (500,000 people), Liverpool (450,000 people), Edinburgh (421 000 people), Manchester (398,000 people), Belfast (280,000 people). In the UK, the birth rate exceeds the death rate, the rapid birth rate can be seen in the table (Appendix 1) from 1976 to 2009. Indigenous people make up 92% of the population (2001, census), of which:

British - 83.6%,

Scots (mainly in Scotland) - 8.5%,

Welsh (mainly in Wales) - 4.9%,

Irish (mainly in Northern Ireland, Ulsters) - 2.9%.

Immigrants and their children reside mainly in the Greater London, West Midlands and Merseyside conurbations. They make up about 8% of the country's population, including:

• immigrants from India, Pakistan and Bangladesh - 3.6%,
• China - 0.4%,
• African countries - 0.8%,
• black people from the islands of the Caribbean - 1%

The current monarch is Elizabeth II, who began her reign on February 6, 1952. Her eldest son, Prince Charles, is her heir. The Prince of Wales performs various ceremonial functions, as does the Queen's husband, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. In addition, there are several more members of the august family: children, grandchildren and cousins. Thus, the population is growing due to labor immigrants from countries that have recently entered into European Union who, after EU enlargement in May 2004, were allowed free entry to work in the UK. Nevertheless, the birth rate in the country still exceeds the death rate, although natural increase is no longer the dominant factor in the increase in the British population.

4. Economy and industry

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ranks sixth among the top countries in terms of overall economic activity and in terms of gross domestic product (GDP). The country's economy is highly monopolized: the 100 largest TNCs control over 50% of industrial output and foreign trade. The UK industry provides 1/3 of the gross national product, it accounts for 1/3 of all employees. It uses mainly imported raw materials, and is increasingly oriented to the foreign market. On the one hand, the UK is characterized by the rapid growth of modern industries using progressive production technology and labor organization, the latest equipment and sophisticated management methods, on the other hand, the old traditional industries lag behind. The country's largest industrial monopolies are Imperial Chemical Industries, or ICI, Unilever, British Leyland, and General Electric Company, which each employ 200,000 people. The main part of the industrial enterprises of Great Britain is concentrated in a densely populated industrial belt, including the counties from London to Lancashire and from West Yorkshire to Gloucestershire. The largest industrial areas outside this belt are South Wales, the northeast of England and the central part of Scotland. In areas where old industries and traditional industries developed, they became lagging behind or depressed. This is most of Scotland, Northern Ireland, almost all of Wales, the extreme northeast and part of the southwest of England. The main branch of the mining industry in Great Britain is coal mining. It has been going on for three centuries. In terms of coal reserves, Great Britain ranks third in Europe. As for the British oil refining industry, it is still dependent on imports of crude oil and petroleum products. There are 9 refineries in the country with a total capacity of about 90 million tons per year (in 1999, the Shell refinery in Shell Haven with a capacity of 4.3 million tons per year was closed). They are located at the mouth of the Thames, at Foley near Southampton, in south Wales, at the Manchester Canal, in Teesside, Humberside and in Scotland (Grangemouth). More than 80 gas fields with proven reserves of 2 trillion cubic meters have been discovered in the British North Sea zone. m 3 and recoverable - 0.8 trillion. m 3. Gas production at them began in the mid-60s, now 37 fields are being exploited, 1/2 of the production is produced by 7, among them are Lehman Bank, Brent, Morkham. Production volume for 1990–2003 increased from I to 103 billion m 3 . Foreign gas trade is negligible; in 2003, its exports amounted to 15, and imports - 8 billion m 3 . The gas pipeline, laid on the bottom of the North Sea, reaches the east coast of the island of Great Britain in the area of ​​Easington and Yorkshire. A major achievement of the British economy is that the entire manufacturing and consumer sectors are fully supplied with electricity. 86% of electricity is produced by thermal power plants, 12% by nuclear and 2% by hydroelectric power plants. The vast majority of thermal power plants run on coal, but in recent years some of them have switched to oil. The largest thermal power plants (with a capacity of more than 1 million kW) are located on the River Trent and near London. Hydro stations are usually small, located mainly in the Scottish Highlands. Iron ore is mined in a relatively narrow belt that starts at Scunthorpe in Yorkshire in the north and runs through the East Midlands to Banbury in the south. The ore here is of low quality, siliceous and contains only 33% of the metal. The need for iron ore is covered by imports from Canada, Liberia and Mauritania. Ferrous metallurgy has been greatly developed.
Today, the UK ranks eighth in the world in iron and steel smelting. The state corporation British Steel produces almost all the steel for the country. 4 metallurgical districts have survived, of which only one is located in the center of the country: Sheffield-Rotherham, with its specialization in high-quality steel and electric steel, the rest - on the coast in ports (in South Wales - Port Talbot, Llanvern, in Humbersay - de - Scunthorpe , in Teesside - Redcar). Engineering, the largest branch of British industry, employs 1/4 of all those employed in the manufacturing industry. The industry accounts for 40% of conditionally pure products of the manufacturing industry. Transport engineering dominates. About 1/3 of the capital spent on the production of means of transport belongs to American companies that have established themselves in the British Isles after the Second World War. There are enterprises in this industry in almost all areas and in most cities in the UK. Electrical engineering is one of the growing and developing industries, it ranks second among the manufacturing industries in terms of the number of employees. Several very large companies dominate electrical engineering: General Electric, English Electric, and Associated Electric Industries. The position of the UK in the production of turbines and electric motors is still quite strong. But now electronics is dominating. The production of computer technology is developing most dynamically, but the main positions here are occupied by American capital, and in the production of consumer electronics - by Japanese capital. British firms are traditionally strong in the production of electronic equipment (radar, radio transmitters) and communications. Aircraft manufacturing is one of the fastest growing engineering industries in the UK. This industry is dominated by the state's largest firm, British Airspace. It specializes in the production of a wide range of various aircraft, helicopters, spacecraft, rockets. Helicopters are manufactured by another large firm, Westland Aircraft. Almost all the production of aircraft engines in the country is concentrated in the hands of the nationalized company Rolls-Royce, which has factories in Derby, Bristol, Coventry, and also in Scotland. Widely developed cooperation with Western European and American companies in the production of civil and military equipment. The newest productions of the chemical industry are also among the rapidly developing industries. About 1/3 of the products of basic chemistry are inorganic chemicals - sulfuric acid, oxides of metals and non-metals. Among the many chemical industries, the production of synthetic fibers began to stand out on a large scale. various kinds plastics, new dyes, pharmaceuticals and detergents. British chemistry is based on oil and gas raw materials and specializes in a fairly limited number of chemicals. The industries traditional for the British economy, such as the textile industry, are also developing. Of the light industries, it plays a special role in the industrial development of the country, in the spread of the machine method of production throughout the world. Woolen fabrics are produced mainly in West Yorkshire, rayon production prevails in the Yorkshire city of Silesden, and cotton fabrics in Lancashire, in small textile towns north-east of Manchester. The production of woolen fabrics, products, yarn is the oldest in the British Isles. The woolen products of British textile workers are still highly valued in foreign markets today. In the structure of the manufacturing industry, the paper and printing industries (13.9%), food and tobacco (13.8%) have the largest share. The food and flavor industry over the past half century has become one of the main areas of concentration of British capital: of the 40 corporations in the country that are members of the "Club 500" of the largest firms in the world, this industry is represented by a dozen, led by Unilever, Diageo and Cadbury Schweppes. Food concentrates, confectionery, drinks (including tea, Scotch whiskey and London gin), and tobacco products are highly competitive on the world market. The placement of the largest enterprises is focused on markets, including external ones. Thus, the UK ranks sixth among countries in terms of the overall scale of economic activity, in terms of GDP and industrial production.

5.Agriculture

In recent decades, the scientific and technical level and productivity of the national agro-industrial complex has significantly increased in the development of agriculture. The provision of the country at the expense of local resources is steadily growing, and in the post-war period it has risen from 1/3 to 4/5, full self-sufficiency has been achieved in such products as milk, the provision is high in eggs, poultry meat, wheat, oats, barley, potatoes; fruits, butter, sugar, cheeses are imported. Under the conditions prevailing in the EU, you have to pay more for imported products in comparison with the possibilities of importing food from former colonies, which gives rise to constant contradictions between the UK and other EU members. Agriculture in the UK is currently one of the most productive and mechanized in the world. The share of employment in the industry is 2% of the total employment in the country. The total area of ​​agricultural land is 58.3 million hectares (76% of all land in the country). The structure of agricultural production is dominated by animal husbandry. Dairy and meat and dairy cattle breeding, pig breeding (bacon fattening), meat sheep breeding and poultry farming are also developed. England is one of the world's largest suppliers of sheep's wool. Traditionally, animal husbandry is concentrated in river basins. However, animal husbandry suffered great damage in 2001 due to livestock diseases - first spongiform encephalopathy (“mad cow disease”), and then foot and mouth disease. In crop production, almost 60% of arable land is occupied by perennial grasses, more than 28% - by grain crops (including 15% - wheat, 11% - barley); 12% - under technical (rapeseed, sugar beet, flax) and fodder crops (including potatoes), as well as vegetable gardens and berry fields. The main agricultural areas are East Anglia and the South East. There are many orchards in the country. Agriculture enjoys great state support and receives subsidies from the EU budget. For such products as: wheat, barley, oats and pork, production volumes exceed consumption; for such as: potatoes, beef, lamb, wool, sugar and eggs - the volume of production is lower than the volume of consumption. Thus, many essential UK products have to be imported from other countries. They import 4/5 of butter, 2/3 of sugar, half of wheat and bacon, 1/4 of the beef and veal consumed in the country.

6.Transport

Great Britain is an island state, therefore all its external transportation and trade are connected with sea and air transport. About 9/10 of the total cargo turnover falls on maritime transport, including 1/4 - on cabotage. All areas of Great Britain, except for the West Midlands, are in one way or another directly connected with seaports, which serve as the main transport hubs. The largest of them are London, Southampton, Liverpool, Hull and Harwich, with the London and Liverpool seaports handling about half of all cargo (by value). Great Britain is connected with the continent by a tunnel under the English Channel, two railway ferries (Dover - Dunkirk and Harwich - Ostend), and numerous sea automobile and passenger ferries- with Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Holland and France. Road transport plays the most important role in domestic freight transport. The dominant role in domestic transportation is occupied by road transport - 85% of passenger traffic and 81% of freight traffic. The territory of Great Britain is covered with a dense network highways. The length of paved roads is 406.4 thousand km. Unlike other developed countries in the UK, with a high density of roads, only 4% are modern motorways, which attract 36% of traffic flows. The most intensive traffic is on the axial motorway London - Birmingham - Manchester - Glasgow. Both London and Glasgow have subways. To increase competitiveness, electrification of railways was carried out (1/3 of the lines), express trains for passengers and cargo were launched on the main directions. The government is implementing various organizational measures to modernize this mode of transport. The importance of river transport is declining. The length of waterways is 3.2 thousand km. Inland waterways (rivers and a network of canals) are now mainly used for recreational purposes only. Cargo transportation is carried out mainly within the deep-sea estuaries of the Mersey, Thames, Severn, and Humber. Air transport is developing rapidly. Since the 1980s air transportation of passengers and cargo has more than tripled. British Airways - presenter international airline. There are about 450 civilian airports in the country - the largest of them is Heathrow. The pipeline transport network is rapidly expanding; it is connected to gas pipelines coming from the fields of the North Sea; the total length of pipelines is 3.9 thousand km. - up to 75% of oil is delivered to land through oil pipelines.

Thus, transport in the UK plays an important role in domestic freight and passenger transport. So the tunnel under the English Channel with two rail ferries transports 60-80% of the total population per day.

7. Science and finance

Great is the contribution of Great Britain to the treasury of world science, primarily to the development of the natural and technical sciences. Among the outstanding scientists - physicists, chemists, biologists: I. Newton, R. Boyle, R. Hooke, J. Joule, M. Faraday, J. Maxwell, C. Darwin, Cavendish, E. Rutherford. World famous works of British philosophers, sociologists, historians, economists: R. Bacon, T. More, Fr. Bacon, T. Hobbes, I. Bentham, W. Petty, A. Smith, D. Riccardo, J. Mill, R. Owen, T. R. Malthus, A. Marshall, J. M. Keynes, B. Russell. Over 70 British scientists have been awarded Nobel Prizes. The UK accounts for approximately 4.5% of the world's spending on science, 8% of all scientific publications. The importance of science in the UK can be seen from the changes that have taken place in education. Technical schools and colleges, as well as continuing education programs at other institutions, seek to increase the number of professional scientific workers. Schools work closely with industry. The Manchester Research Council brings together university scientists and members of the Chamber of Commerce. The University of Sheffield conducts industrial research in the field of glass technology, and in Cheshire in the use of radio telescopes. There are more than 200 scientific institutions and organizations in the UK, producing more than 400 scientific periodicals. As for the libraries, let's name the main ones. The British Museum Library in London (over 10 million volumes), the Cambridge University Library (over 3.5 million volumes), the Bodleian Library in Oxford (over 4.5 million volumes), and the Scottish National Library in Edinburgh (over 4 million volumes), National Library of Wales in Aberystwyth (more than 2 million volumes). Copies of all published books go, in accordance with the law, to the British Museum for copyright, as well as to other libraries, if they receive requests for these publications. The largest libraries are located at the universities of London, Edinburgh, Glasgow, St. Andrews, Royal (in Belfast), John Ryland (in Manchester), at the Victoria and Albert Museum and the Museum natural history. Important collections of special editions are held at the Patent Office, India House, State Archive, in the Royal geographical society, Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts, Royal College of Music, Royal Academy of Music, Arts Council, National Book League, National Archives, Royal Botanic Gardens, Institute modern history(Wiener Library) and the National Library for the Blind. There are about 500 public library boards with over 40,000 branches and lending out over 400 million books a year. The delivery of books on specially equipped vehicles is becoming increasingly popular for remote areas. Book collections are supplemented by a large number of video and audio materials. British companies have cut their R&D (Research and Development) spending. According to this indicator, the UK ranks fifth among the seven leading industrialized countries. In the field of high technology, British firms are ahead of Japanese and German companies, but behind the US and France. This situation is caused not only by a decrease in the level of development funding from the companies themselves, but also by a reduction in support from the state. The Ministry of Trade and Industry and the Ministry of Finance are developing a joint policy to increase investment in R&D and to optimize the process of introducing research results into all sectors of the country's economy. The fact that the Ministry of Finance is involved underscores the attention that the government is paying to solving this problem. The two ministries lead the working groups involved in the restructuring of the process of organizing and financing British R&D. The Chief Treasurer of the Treasury sponsors a group led by the director of British Biotech. The group is studying R&D funding in high-tech companies, and in particular, funding initial stage developments. The Ministry of Trade and Industry sponsors the Tech-Stars group to overcome barriers to the development of small and medium-sized firms in the field of high technology. The Minister of Science leads a working group on inventive activity and the implementation of inventions in industry. The Investment Working Group, chaired by Lord Hollick, is busy looking at the constraints to investment in R&D. All groups include representatives of banking circles, joint capital and firms in the fields of production and services. Thus, scientific and technical programs have been developed and are being implemented aimed at solving urgent problems of industry and society, which include: the creation of a promising vehicle future; reducing the level of pollution in large cities of the country; creation of promising materials for industry; genetic and ecological balance of human health; an integrated approach to the problems of aging. And the role of science in the UK is very significant.

8. Recreation and tourism

For most visits to the UK, a multi-entry visitor visa is issued for a period of 6 months. In some cases, a visitor visa may be issued for a single visit. Russian citizens, thanks to a concession under the UK Immigration Rules, may not receive a transit visa and exit the airport transit area if they stay in the UK for no more than 24 hours. In cooking, the British are as committed to tradition as in many other things. An English day for centuries begins with a traditional breakfast: scrambled eggs with fried bacon, fried tomatoes, mushrooms, sausages and black pudding. Nowadays, oatmeal and corn flakes are more commonly served. After breakfast, tea and toasted toast with orange jam are sure to be waiting for you. Lunch, or second breakfast, is served at half past two, followed by tea or a light lunch at 5 o'clock and dinner at 7. Snacks and sandwiches are very popular - triangular sandwiches have already become one of the many English traditions. Puree soups and broths are common among the first courses, but they are rarely served, they are not an integral part of the daily meal. Spices and herbs are used very rarely. The British eat a lot of meat: beef, veal, lamb, pork. It is baked whole with blood or cut into steaks and fried in a pan. Meat is served with gravy, roasted vegetables (usually potatoes) and pickles. Of the intoxicating drinks, beer is especially popular - black ale and porter, and draft beer is especially appreciated, as well as whiskey, gin, brandy, rum, port wine. Accommodations in the UK are divided into three types:

• Hotel - a hotel where it is provided full service by placement;
• B&B and Inn - guest accommodation providing the necessary service for overnight stays and breakfasts;
• Motel - budget or roadside hotels, informal accommodation options with a very limited range of services. run by private entrepreneurs and have limited opportunities for businessmen.

In addition to star rating, hotels (Hotel) can be assigned specific names. MetroHotel (metro hotel). Does not offer hot meals to guests, but should be within walking distance of eating places. CountryHouseHotel (country home hotel). The hotel should have a small park or garden - secluded and quiet. SmallHotel (mini-hotel). The maximum number of rooms is 20. Usually these hotels are run by private entrepreneurs and have limited opportunities for businessmen. The main sights of England and the whole of Great Britain are, of course, located in London, where, for example, in the City area, tradition and modernity are combined. And also in the capital of Scotland - Edinburgh. Big Ben ( appendix 1) - This is a huge clock that stands on the tower of St. Stephen. This clock, located on the tower of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, is recognizable by sound and heard all over the world, because their beat is broadcast on BBC radio every hour. Tourists are not allowed to enter Big Ben. To get to the very top of the ninety-six-meter tower, you can use a very narrow spiral staircase. After passing all three hundred and thirty-four steps, you can get to a small open area, this is where the legendary bell is located. Big Ben is one bell. It is over two meters high and three meters in diameter. British museum(Appendix 2) - British Library, reading room The British Museum, which is a huge cylindrical room. All the walls of this room are lined with books. Buckingham Palace(Appendix 3) - Buckingham Palace is located opposite the marble gilded monument to Queen Victoria opposite Pall Mall. If the Queen is in the palace, then the royal flag flies on the roof of the palace. At the request of the Queen's ancestor, King George IV, the palace was built to an architectural design by John Nash. The cost of building reached seven hundred pounds due to the mass of excesses of this kind, such as, for example, five hundred marble blocks with veins from Carrara Edinburgh castle(Appendix 4) Edinburgh Castle is located in the heart of the city, so it is visible from everywhere. None of the passing tourists can pass by. Because the castle has a huge height. But in addition to entertainment, it attracts with its age and historical significance. Stonehenge. A giant structure in the center of Europe - Stonehenge - is a stone mystery. In general, Stonehenge is gigantic structure, which includes 82 five-ton megaliths, 30 stone blocks of 25 tons and 5 huge triliths weighing 50 tons. Stone blocks are stacked in the form of arches pointing to the cardinal directions. Until recently, scientists believed that this structure was erected in 3100 BC by the tribes of the British Isles in order to observe the Sun and Moon. But recently this idea has been revisited. London parks- this is a special attraction, which is a green spot in the very center of the city, with an area of ​​more than three hundred hectares. The huge size of the parks, their length creates the illusion of an untouched landscape of nature, creating an environment that contrasts with the super-urban landscape of the city. The significance of parks in restoring the atmosphere of central London is enormous, which is why they are called the "lungs of London". Museum of Z. Freud. Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, lived in this house since 1938 with his family after fleeing Austria from the Nazi regime. Until 1982, the youngest daughter of Freud, also a psychoanalyst, lived here. Now it houses both a museum and a research center. Tower of London. In a book dedicated to the 900th anniversary of the Tower, the Duke of Edinburgh wrote: "Throughout its history, the Tower of London has been a fortress, and a palace, and a repository of royal jewels, and an arsenal, and a mint, and a prison, and an observatory, and a zoo, and a place that attracts tourists." Ferris wheel(LondonEye) is a large, tallest Ferris wheel in the world. Such a gift to Londoners and guests of the city was made by 2000. The Ferris wheel has 32 cabins, each of which is designed for 25 people, a full turn of the wheel takes half an hour. The construction of a huge Ferris wheel was financed by British Airlways. From a height of one hundred and thirty-five meters, a wonderful view of London opens up; if the weather is favorable, you can see the city with its surroundings within a radius of forty kilometers. Saint's Cathedral Paul is the residence of the Bishop of London, and also spiritual center City. The architect Sir Christopher Wren watched the construction of the cathedral from the windows of his house, which was located on the opposite bank of the river. From there he could see the work at the top of Ludgate Hill. The construction of this masterpiece lasted for thirty-five years. Sherlock Holmes' house built in 1815. The British government declared it an architectural and historical monument of the second category. From 1860 until 1934, the house was a private property, there was a boarding house, but with the acquisition of the building by the International Society, it became the home of Sherlock Holmes. windsor palace- this castle, which is visible from the side of Windsor Park, the great people found it very romantic. To the left of it is the Round Tower. The architect Geoffrey Whiteville for his creation in 1828 was awarded his work in the estate of knights. Westminster Abbey – its beauty has been painstakingly created by generations of members of the royal family, beginning with Edward the Confessor, who ascended the throne in 1040. It is a pity that the church he built was consecrated only in 1065, when the king became weak and could not attend the consecration ceremony. The following year, on Christmas Day, the coronation of William the Conqueror took place in the church. Thus, in the UK, tradition and modernity, traditions in cooking, religion and cultural values, and modernity in education, upbringing of young generations and social development have merged.

9. Environmental protection and environmental issues

Today, a three-year project to create a database of building materials is at the last stage of implementation. The project is supported by 24 trade organizations involved in the production and supply of building materials, and is aimed at improving their quality, service life and checking how they meet the principles of energy saving, environmental protection and human health. Recent sociological studies show that about 70% of respondents believe that the state of the environment in their living quarters needs to be improved. Therefore, the Institute of Construction is going to publish recommendations for construction companies on how they can improve the quality of buildings being built and their compliance with environmental requirements. To encourage construction firms to participate in this important cause, the Institute is planning to publish a book, Environment. Competition. Profit, which will include data on all firms that are serious about protecting the environment. The UK is committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions . Under the Kyoto Protocol commitments, the country has already reduced emissions by 12.5% ​​compared to 1990 and plans to reach 20% in 2010. It is planned that by 2015 33% of household waste will be recycled or used as fertilizer. During the period from 1999 to 2000, the recycling of household waste increased from 8.8% to 10.3%. Great Britain ratified such international agreements: “on environmental protection”, “on air pollution” (nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, organic compounds), “on protection natural environment Antarctica”, “On the Conservation of Marine Resources of Antarctica”. "Antarctic Treaty", "on biodiversity", the UN framework convention "on climate change", the Kyoto Protocol "on desertification", "on hazardous waste", the Maritime Convention, the ban on nuclear weapons testing, "on the protection of whales" and others. Thus, by signing the above treaties and agreements, the UK seeks to reduce and partially eliminate the environmental problem.

Conclusion

This essay was written using four sources, having studied which I can conclude that now the UK is a highly developed state, one of the leading world powers. In terms of industrial production, it ranks fifth in the world after the USA, Japan, Germany and France. But it hasn't been done yet. In Britain, mining is underway, the development of new methods for extracting the latter. Due to the fact that Britain is an island nation, it remains one of the largest maritime powers at the present time. Due to its economic and geographical position, there are still development options in the UK. This country can only develop and improve its position in the world.

Annex 1

1-1976; 2-1998; 3-2004; 4-2005; 5-2007; 6-2009

Annex 2

Annex 3

Appendix 4

Annex 5

Bibliography:

1 .Internet "Great Soviet Encyclopedia". Editor-in-Chief S.I. Vavilov. State scientific publishing house "Big Soviet Encyclopedia". Volume number 7. 1951.2.Internet Handbook "Countries of the World". 1976. Moscow. Publishing house of political literature.3.Internet Encyclopedia for children. "Avanta+". Volume 13. “Countries. Peoples. Civilizations. 1999.

Soviet encyclopedic dictionary. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia
1979.- p.204.

Traditionally called (by name largest island) Great Britain, and by the name of its main part - England. Officially, it is called the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. In fact, there are three historical and geographical regions: England, Wales and Scotland. The United Kingdom also includes Northern Ireland, which occupies the northeastern part of the island of Ireland. This is the fourth
region of the country.

British Isles- the largest archipelago in Europe. It includes two large islands - Great Britain and, separated by the Irish Sea, and another 5 thousand small ones, among which three groups of islands stand out on
North: Hebrides, Orkney, Shetland and the Isle of Man, England, etc. Great Britain is an archipelago of irregular shape with a very diverse landscape and nature. The latter is a consequence of the fact that the British Isles were once part of Europe, but were cut off from the mainland after the flooding of the lowlands, now the bottom and the strait. Northern Ireland, which politically complements the United Kingdom, is located on Ireland's second largest, and is the western extension of the Scottish mountains. These mountainous areas are separated from each other by a narrow Northern Canal. West Banks the islands of Great Britain are rocky and steep, the eastern ones are more gentle.

The area of ​​Great Britain is about 240,842 km2. Most of it is land, and the rest is lakes. The area of ​​England is 129634 km2, Wales - 20637 km2, Scotland - 77179 km2 and Northern Ireland - 13438 km2 Thus, England is much larger than other countries of the United Kingdom, and has the largest population. These factors explain the dominance of England in british history. The southern tip of the island of Great Britain, the Cornwall peninsula, is located at 50 ° N, and the northernmost part of the Shetland Islands archipelago is at 60 ° N.

Historically, the geographic features of Great Britain have influenced human settlement, armed conquest, and political union. They also determined the location and operation of industry, transport systems, the fishing industry, energy resources and communications. They continue to define British life today, and are also closely linked to public concerns about the environment and wildlife.

England(population - 48.2 million people) consists mainly of hilly or flat lowland terrain, diluted with several mountainous zones in the north and southeast. But low hills stretch across most of the country, interspersed with lowlands and. The population is concentrated mainly around large cities: London and in general in the south-east of England, western Birmingham, Leeds, Bradford and Sheffield, north-western industrial Liverpool and Manchester and north-eastern Newcastle and Sunderland.

Wales(population - 2.9 million people) is mountain country with mountains stretching across the territory and
hills, often ending in deep valleys created by river beds. These mountains gradually decrease and turn into high hills in the east of England. The highest mountains in Wales are located in the northwest, where Mount Snowdon reaches
1085 m high.

The lowlands are bounded by narrow coastal belts and river valleys in south Wales, where two thirds of the Welsh population live. In past Mountain landscape Wales hampered wars, agriculture and human settlement.

(population - 5.1 million people) can be divided into three main parts. The first part is the northwestern and central mountains along with a large number of islands on the western and northern coasts. These lands are sparsely populated, and make up half of the entire territory of Scotland. The second part is the central lowlands, which make up one
one-fifth of the entire Scottish territory and three-quarters of the entire population of Scotland, most of the industrial and commercial centers and cultivated land. The third part is the southern uplands, which include a series of hills extending to the border with England.

The most high mountain in Scotland - Ben Nevis (1342 m), which is also the most high mountain Great Britain.

Northern Ireland(population - 1.6 million people) is only 21 km away from the Scottish coast, which caused peoples in the distant past. Since the partition of Ireland in 1921, it has bordered the Republic of Ireland to the south and west. In the north there is a mountainous coast, in the center, towards the south, a fertile valley, and mountains in the west,
northeast and southeast.

Ministry of General and Vocational Education

Sverdlovsk region

State educational institution

initial vocational education

Vocational school for the training of trade workers

Economic-geographical

country profile

Great Britain

Essay

Executor:

Telitsyna M.M.

student of group No. 21

Supervisor:

geography teacher

Khorzova T.V.

Ekaterinburg

Introduction……………………………………………………………….…3

1. Territory, borders, position of the country…………………………....4

2. Natural conditions and resources………………………………………......5

3.Population………………………………………………………………….7

4.Economy and industry………………………………………...8

5.Agriculture…………………………………………………….11

6.Transport………………………………………………………………….12

7. Science and finance………………………………………………………….13

8. Recreation and tourism …………………………………………………….......15

9. Environmental protection and environmental problems…………....18

Conclusion ……………………………………………………………….19

Annex 1…………………………………………………………….20

Annex 2…………………………………………………………….21

Annex 3…………………………………………………………….22

Annex 4…………………………………………………………….23

Appendix 5…………………………………………………………….24

References…………………………………………………………25

Introduction

I chose the topic "Economic and geographical position of the UK" because it is the UK that is closer to me than all other countries, of course, not counting Russia. I would like to visit this country, its cultural places and learn more about it than my superficial knowledge.

To write an essay on this topic, you need to study four sources that accurately describe the position of Great Britain. And based on these sources, it is necessary, on the basis of the questions raised, to show the current state of the country and draw a conclusion about its state.

Great Britain (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) is an irregularly shaped archipelago with a very diverse landscape and nature. The area of ​​the UK is about 240,842 sq. km. Most of it is land, and the rest is rivers and lakes. The area of ​​England is 129,634 sq. km., Wales - 20,637 sq. km., Scotland - 77,179 sq. km. and Northern Ireland - 13,438 sq. km. The southern tip of the island of Great Britain, the Cornwall peninsula, is located at 50 ° N, and the northernmost part of the Shetland Islands archipelago is at 60 ° N. The length of the island of Great Britain from north to south is 966 km, and its greatest width is half that. Great Britain has a complex administrative-territorial division. It consists of 4 historical and geographical regions: England (45 counties and a special administrative unit - Greater London). Wales (8 counties); Northern Ireland (26 districts); Scotland (12 regions); independent administrative units are the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. From the west, Great Britain is washed by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean, and from the east - by the waters of the North Sea. From the south, Great Britain borders on France - the closest and most developed neighbor, which has common water borders with it. The shortest distance to the northern coast of France is the Strait of Dover, but the main communication between the states is through the English Channel, called the English Channel by the British, along the bottom of which a high-speed rail tunnel was built at the end of the twentieth century. Prior to this, communication between the two countries was carried out by water or air. Also, the closest neighbors of Great Britain are Belgium and the Netherlands, Denmark, Germany, Norway are located much further. Thus, the EGP of Great Britain is both neighboring and coastal, which is extremely beneficial for the economic development of the country, although it has some disadvantages in strategic and military terms.

The total population (according to 2008) is 61,113,205 people. Age structure: up to 14 years - 16.7%, 15-64 - 67.1%, from 65 and older - 16.2%. The average age of men is 39 years, women - 41 years. The average composition of a family is 2 children and parents. The rural population is 11%, the density of the rural population is 242 people. per 1 km sq. The total number of economically active population is 29 million people. In cities with a population of St. 100 thousand people almost half of the country's population lives. The largest cities in terms of the number of inhabitants: London (6,803,000 people), Birmingham (935,000 people), Glasgow (654,000 people), Sheffield (500,000 people), Liverpool (450,000 people), Edinburgh (421 000 people), Manchester (398,000 people), Belfast (280,000 people). In the UK, the birth rate exceeds the death rate, the rapid birth rate can be seen in the table (Appendix 1) from 1976 to 2009. Indigenous people make up 92% of the population (2001, census), of which:

British - 83.6%,

Scots (mainly in Scotland) - 8.5%,

Welsh (mainly in Wales) - 4.9%,

Irish (mainly in Northern Ireland, Ulsters) - 2.9%.

Immigrants and their children reside mainly in the Greater London, West Midlands and Merseyside conurbations. They make up about 8% of the country's population, including:

• immigrants from India, Pakistan and Bangladesh - 3.6%,
• China - 0.4%,
• African countries - 0.8%,
• black people from the islands of the Caribbean - 1%

The current monarch is Elizabeth II, who began her reign on February 6, 1952. Her eldest son, Prince Charles, is her heir. The Prince of Wales performs various ceremonial functions, as does the Queen's husband, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. In addition, there are several more members of the august family: children, grandchildren and cousins. Thus, the population is growing due to labor immigrants from countries that have recently joined the European Union, who, after the enlargement of the EU in May 2004, were allowed free entry to work in the UK. Nevertheless, the birth rate in the country still exceeds the death rate, although natural increase is no longer the dominant factor in the increase in the British population.

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

The UK is located in the northwest of Europe. It consists of the island of Great Britain, on which England, Scotland and Wales are located, and part of the island of Ireland, which is occupied by Northern Ireland. The Isle of Man and the Channel Islands are dominions of the United Kingdom, but are not part of it. It is washed by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean in the west and north, the North Sea in the east. In the south it is separated from the mainland by the English Channel.

The name of the country comes from the English Great Britain. Britain - by the ethnonym of the Briton tribe.

Capital

Square

Population

59648 thousand people

Administrative division

Consists of four historical areas(England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland), which are administratively divided into numerous counties.
England: 39 counties, 6 metropolitan counties and a special administrative unit - Greater London (administrative center - London).
Wales: 8 counties (administrative center - Cardiff).
Scotland: 12 regions and 186 islands (administrative center - Edinburgh).
Northern Ireland: 26 districts (administrative center - Belfast). The Isle of Man and the Channel Islands have a special status.

Form of government

A constitutional monarchy.

head of state

The monarch is the supreme bearer of executive power, the head of the judiciary, the supreme commander in chief.
Higher Legislature. Bicameral Parliament consisting of the House of Lords and the House of Commons. Elected for a term of 5 years.
Supreme executive body. Council of Ministers.

Big cities

Manchester, Birmingham, Leeds, Glasgow, Sheffield, Liverpool, Edinburgh, Belfast.

Official language

English, in Wales - English and Welsh.

Religion

47% - Anglicans, 16% - Catholics.

Ethnic composition

81.5% - English, 9.6% - Scots, 2.4% - Irish, 1.9% - Welsh.

Currency

Pound sterling = 100 pence.

Climate

Great Britain is called the country of fogs and rains. The climate of the country varies depending on the region. In England, the climate is mild and humid, due to the relative warmth of the seas surrounding it. The average annual temperature is about + 11 °C in the south and + 9 °C in the northeast. Scotland is the coldest region in the UK. In the mountains in the north there is snow from November to April-May. The climate of Wales and Northern Ireland is mild and humid. The average annual temperature in Northern Ireland is +10°C. The most abundant precipitation in Scotland, Northern Ireland, the mountains of England and Wales (1000-1500 mm per year). The least rainfall is in southeast England (600-750 mm per year).

Flora

The vegetation of England is rather poor, forests occupy less than 4% of the territory, most often there are oak, birch, pine. In Scotland, forests are more common, although moorland dominates the region. Mostly in the forests in the south and east grow oak and coniferous trees - spruce, pine and larch. In Wales, the forests are mostly deciduous - ash, oak. Coniferous trees are common in mountainous regions.

Fauna

Deer, fox, rabbit, hare, badger live in England. Among the birds - partridge, dove, raven. Reptiles, of which there are only 4 species in all the British Isles, are rare in England. The rivers are mostly inhabited by salmon and trout. For Scotland, the most characteristic deer, roe deer, hare, rabbit, marten, otter and wild cat. Of the birds, partridges and wild ducks predominate. There are also many salmon and trout in the rivers and lakes of Scotland. Cod, herring, haddock are caught in coastal waters. In Wales, the fauna is practically the same as in England, with the exception of the black polecat and pine marten, which are absent in England.

Rivers and lakes

The main rivers of England are the Thames, the Severn, the Tyne. The main rivers of Scotland are the Clyde, the Tay, the Force, the Tweed, the Dee and the Spey. Among the numerous lakes, the legendary Loch Ness, Loch Tay, Loch Catherine stand out. The main rivers of Wales are the Dee, Usk, Teifi. The largest lake is Bala. The main rivers of Northern Ireland are the Foyle, the Upper Ban and the Lower Ban. Loch Neagh is the largest lake in the British Isles.

Attractions

Megalithic complex Stonehenge, church in Bargon, castle of the XII century. in Inverness, Glasgow Cathedral, Edinburgh Castle and Church, Cardiff Castle, Shakespeare's House Museum in Stratford, Oxford and Cambridge Universities, in London - the British Museum, Tower Castle (the jewels of the royal crown are stored here), Westminster Abbey (the place of the coronation of British kings ) with Poets' Corner, the Houses of Parliament, the Big Ben clock tower, Buckingham Palace, Madame Tussauds Wax Museum, Hyde Park with Speakers' Corner and much more. On trafalgar square Nelson's Column rises. An interesting "square mile of sin" - the Soho area.

Useful information for tourists

Shops are usually open from Monday to Friday from 9.00 to 17.30, although many of the department stores are open until 18.00, and on Wednesdays or Thursdays - until 19.00-20.00. Large stores can also receive customers on Sundays, but only during any six hours from 10.00 to 18.00. In smaller towns and villages, shops often close for half a day after lunch once a week, as well as for an hour-long lunch break.
Hotels in many cases have a special service charge, usually 10-12%. Where this fee is not included in the bill, the employees and maids serving you are usually given a tip of 10-15% of the bill.
Service is included in the bills of some restaurants. Where it is not taken into account, a tip of 10-15% of the bill is accepted.
Porters receive 50-75 pence per suitcase, taxi drivers - 10-15% of the fare.
One of the peculiarities of the UK that you may encounter is that until now in most hotels the water taps above the wash basin are not equipped with a faucet. The English do not wash themselves with running water, but draw a full washbasin of water, use it, then lower it.
On the day of departure, you must vacate the room before 12.00. If there is a lot of time left before the departure of the plane, things can be left in the hotel's storage room.
Very important in England good manners, the ability to stay at the table, so you must follow the basic rules of the ritual of eating. Never put your hands on the table, keep them on your knees. Cutlery is not removed from the plates, as knife stands are not used in England. Do not shift cutlery from one hand to another, the knife should always be in the right hand, the fork in the left. Since different vegetables are served at the same time meat dishes, you should proceed as follows: you put vegetables on a small piece of meat with a knife; learn to hold them there with the back of a fork without piercing them. If you dare to prick at least one pea on a fork, then you will be considered ill-mannered.
Don't kiss ladies' hands or say compliments in public like "What a dress you have on!" or “How delicious this cake is!” - they are regarded as a big indelicacy.
It is not allowed to have separate conversations at the table. Everyone should listen to whoever is speaking and, in turn, speak loudly enough to be heard by those present.
Remember that the British have their own lifestyle, and they, like no other nation, sacredly honor traditions and customs.
Going to Great Britain - the country of fogs - we advise you not to forget that the British weather is unpredictable! Winters are usually quite mild, with temperatures rarely reaching below zero. From March to May, the days can be both sunny and windy, with rain. In June-August the temperature can reach +30°C or more, but during the day, as a rule, it stays somewhere between +20-25°C. It rains 180 days a year in London, and the wettest cities are Liverpool and Manchester.

Great Britain is an island state (the most big Island- Great Britain, the country also includes the Channel Islands, the Isle of Wight and the northeastern part of the island of Ireland), located in the British Isles, in northwestern Europe.

This country is washed by the Atlantic Ocean, the North and Irish Seas, as well as the straits of La Mashne, Pas-le-Calais, North and St. George. In the north and south, the coastline is dissected by bays that form the peninsulas of Cornwall and Wales. On the territory of Great Britain are England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland (not to be confused with the state of Ireland - approx.) Many years ago, the British Isles were part of Europe, but after the flooding of the lowlands (now it is the bottom of the North Sea and the English Channel) they are forever cut off from mainland. Northern Ireland is located on the island of Ireland, and is the western extension of the Scottish mountains, which are separated by a narrow North Channel.

Great Britain geography: features

The area of ​​Great Britain is about 240,842 sq. km. Mostly it is land, and the rest is rivers and lakes. The area of ​​England is 129634 sq. km., Wales - 20637 sq. km., Scotland - 77179 sq. km. and Northern Ireland - 13438 sq. km., that is, England is larger than all the others, and also has a larger population than other regions. These factors play an important role in the history of English dominance in the British Isles.

Geographic features of Great Britain directly influenced and influence settlements, migrations of people, their aggressive policy and alliances. Today they determine the operation of transport systems, agriculture, communications, the fishing industry, energy resources and forests. mountain ranges and uplands are in the north and west of the country. Most of the lowlands, apart from the Scottish lowlands and the central territories of Northern Ireland, lie in the south and east. The north and west are composed of strong rocks created by the movements of the earth's crust. These areas, unfortunately, are unsuitable for agriculture. More soft rocks present in the south and east (which is the process of mountain weathering). They have fertile land. Much of the lowland land is used for agriculture. Pastures predominate in the mountainous regions. The flat areas of England with a favorable climate for agriculture have always been used for settlement and agricultural development.

Later, mountainous areas began to be developed, where rich pastures and mineral resources served as the main incentive. Almost all known minerals have been found in Great Britain, with the exception of diamonds. Coal deposits are rich in the Pennines, on the Mid-Scottish Lowland, in the foothills of South Wales (its industrial reserves amount to 4 billion tons). The East Midlands has the largest iron ore deposit (60% of the country's total reserves). There are rock and potash salts in Cheshire and Durham. Lead-zinc and hematite ores were found in the Cambedlen massif, lead-zinc and tin ores were found on the Cornwall peninsula. In the North Sea - oil and gas fields (2.6 billion tons and 1400 billion cubic meters).

Water resources

Seas, bays, rivers and lakes have a huge impact on the country. On the coast there are bays, bays, deltas and peninsulas, for this reason most of the UK is located at a distance of 100 km from the sea. Tides on coastline and river floods cause frequent floods in many regions of the country. The government is building dams and water protection structures (a protective barrier was built in London in 1984). The depth of the sea off the coast is 90 meters, since most of the British Isles lie on the continental shelf (raised seabed that connects to the mainland).

The warm current of the Gulf Stream heats the sea and air on the coast of Great Britain. Therefore, the climate on the islands is very mild. The current has an important influence on the fishing industry (good catch of fish and fishing on boats that are arranged for foreigners). A dense network of full-flowing rivers (Thames, Severn, etc.), many of which are connected by canals, are important transport arteries connecting many cities in Great Britain. And Scotland and Ireland are known to the whole world as the land beautiful lakes(Loch Ness, Loch Lomond and others in Scotland; Loch Ney in Northern Ireland).

Climate

Great Britain belongs to the temperate continental climate of the maritime type with warm winters and cool summers. Throughout the UK, temperatures very rarely rise to +30 and fall below -10. The average temperature is between +10 and +20. Due to the peculiarities of the country's relief in mountainous and hilly areas(Scotland, parts of Wales and England) are cooler in summer and colder in winter compared to the rest of the UK.

Great Britain is called Foggy Albion, although with the onset of the industrial revolution (which entailed the replacement of fireplaces with other heating devices), the country ceased to be foggy. Although rain and fog are not uncommon, they occur mainly in mountainous and hilly areas. More precipitation falls in the western part of the country than in the eastern part. In fact, the weather in the country can be characterized by instability of precipitation: leaving the house in the morning sunny weather, you can go back after an hour in the pouring rain.

Political system

The political system of Great Britain is as follows - it is a unitary state (parliamentary monarchy). There is no single constitution, there are laws that are based on centuries-old constitutional customs, the most important statuses and decisions of the highest judicial bodies (precedents). Officially, the supreme power in the country belongs to the royal house of Winzdorov. The current reigning monarch of the United Kingdom is Queen Elizabeth. But she reigns, not governs. Parliament is the supreme legislative body, which consists of the House of Commons (a representative national assembly elected once every five years) and the House of Lords (it includes hereditary peers, princes of royal blood, the highest spiritual and judicial dignitaries). Executive power is in the hands of the prime minister. According to tradition, he is appointed by the reigning monarch from the party that has won large quantity seats in the House of Commons.

The administrative divisions of Great Britain are as follows: it consists of four administrative and political parts (historical provinces): England (39 counties, 6 metropolitan counties and London), Wales (9 counties, 3 cities, 10 city-counties), Scotland (32 regions) and Ireland (26 regions) . Great Britain was once a country on which the sun never set, because it owned colonies all over the world. After the Second World War, it finally lost all territories, but nevertheless today it has sovereignty over the following territories: Bermuda, Montserrat Island, Gibraltar, Anguilla, Saint Helena, Cayman Islands, British Antarctic Territory, Falkland Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands, British Virgin Islands, Pitcairns Island, British Territory in Indian Ocean, South Georgia and the Sandwich Islands. Official language- English. Although 4 more languages ​​​​are spoken in the country: Welsh, Irish, Gaelic and Cornish. Ethnic composition The population is quite motley. From the early periods of British history, there was a process of formation of three different ethnic communities - the English, the Scots and the Welsh.

The country has a hierarchy of cities. London, as the capital of Great Britain, occupies a leading position as the main political, cultural, industrial, economic center of the country, as well as one of its largest seaports. In addition to London, it is worth highlighting such cities as Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast (the capitals of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland); Glasgow, Newcastle, Leeds and Bradford, Birmingham, Manchester, Sheffield and Liverpool are conurbation core cities and regional centres. Few places in the world seaside towns occupy such an important place as in Great Britain, in which there are 44 port cities. London arose as a seaport for trade with continental states; through Gul (Hull) trade was conducted with countries Baltic Sea; Bristol and Liverpool are transport arteries that connected the UK with the USA. Seaside resort towns (Brighton, Margate, Blackpool and Scarborough) are very popular among both the British and tourists.

Industry

Great Britain has established itself as a highly developed industrial country, which acts as a supplier of industrial products in the world. The largest industrial monopolies are Imperial Chemical Industries, or IKI, Unilever, British Leyland and the General Electric Company. The industrial belt of Great Britain starts from London, further to Lancashire, and also from West Yorkshire to Gloucestershire, you can still mention south wales, central Scotland and northeastern England. The country's industrial facilities are located in this region. The remaining areas have become lagging (i.e. Northern Ireland, almost all of Wales, most of Scotland, the northeast and part of the southwest of England).

The government is taking steps to prevent further concentration of people and industrial facilities in one area. Agriculture in the UK employs only about 3% of the working population of the country, who produce more than half of the agricultural products consumed by its inhabitants. However, natural conditions are more favorable for the development of animal husbandry than agriculture. Therefore, the UK imports products such as bacon, sugar, wheat, etc.

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