The largest lake in Italy. Rivers and lakes of Italy. One of the most beautiful lakes in Italy, Lake Lugano, separates Switzerland and Italy

Tired of Asian poverty on blog pages? Want juicy pictures beautiful Italy? Please!

I am often asked for advice, they ask me to suggest routes in a particular country. Here it is: your next vacation can be spent in Italy, traveling through small towns that stand on the famous lakes of the north of the country.

1 One of the most beautiful car routes Europe on the new Skoda Superb Combi business station wagon. About the car I last year, when I went to the first presentation.

2 In the same report - only beauty! Beautiful views, beautiful cities, nice cars. It's been a long time since a blog has had so much beauty in one place!

3 Lago Maggiore conquers the heart at first sight. Snow on the tops of the mountains lies even in May.

4 Million Dollar Views!

5 Staying in a hotel with such a view costs only a couple of hundred euros per day.

6 Near the city of Stresa there is a tiny island of Isola Bella, very beautiful. So its name is translated.

7 You should definitely take a small ferry to the island to see the impressive Borromean palace and bizarre wildlife, white peacocks, importantly walking around the island.

8 The island is decorated with statues of angels and unicorns, and in general, everything is so vanilla-magical that I decided to process the photos.

9 I have never seen white peacocks!

10 Beautiful birds, but only in front.

11 The rocky island was built up in the 17th century by order of the influential Milanese Borromeo family. The luxurious country residence was a gift for the wife of Charles III Isabella. The island itself was named after her.

12 It's time for us to say goodbye to the cozy island and move on.

13 Hello Lake Como! One of the most deep lakes in Europe, up to 400 meters!

14 The beauty of the island impressed many Hollywood directors: several famous films were filmed on these shores at once: Star Wars, Ocean's 12, Casino Royale.

15 Well, I don’t know how to comment on postcard pictures:) I will continue to pour well-known facts!

16 Tourists are delighted!

17 What to do in the vicinity of the lake? Idly stroll through the many historic villas and pavilions open to the public.

18 It is interesting not only on the lakes, but also between them. I want to stop in all these small towns and take a little walk.

19 Italians - entertainers to strange vehicles.

20 And also, in their climate, cars don't get old for some reason.

21 Wow!

22 There are bloggers who turn up their noses at press tours. In fact, they are not called there. This great way see places you wouldn't go on your own. Well, imagine where I am and where the lakes of Italy are. And so - and content, and machines, and communication with colleagues.

23 Here, and this is my favorite place on the whole route. City of Sermione.

24 If someone had an ice cream eating championship at the same time, Sermione would take first place!

25 It is delicious everywhere in Italy, but here - especially!

26 There are dozens of shops with desserts on the main street inside the old town, so this is a real local speciality. I recommend!

27 Sermione stands on Lake Garda, the largest and most beautiful in all of Italy. It is considered one of the most beautiful on the planet. local resorts celebrities and rich people from all over the world have chosen: some have bought a villa for themselves a long time ago, others come to rest.

28 Among the star owners of real estate on the banks of the Garda - Brad Pitt, Formula 1 driver Sebastian Vettel, settled with the Ricky Martin family. And in the old days, Goethe, Oscar Wilde, Kafka rested here. So keep your eyes peeled and see who you recognize!

29 Have you already paid attention to the turrets of the fortress? If not, look carefully!

30 Doesn't remind you of anything?

31 Such loopholes are found everywhere in northern Italy, and this is exactly what the walls of the Moscow Kerml look like. Do you remember where the architects were sent from to build the royal residence?

32 Hundreds of thousands of tourists come here to touch the beauty. Swimming is not very good here, but trips to the lakes are contemplative tourism. However, daredevils can try, only the water is very cold, even in summer.

33 The north of Italy is not only lakes and fortresses, but also the world-famous food, the name of which was given by the cities. You don't have to look far for an example - Bologna and Parma. Passing by, I noticed the city of Salo on the sign ... Ukrainians, is this your invention? :)

34 Suberb Combi is simply made for long-distance travel. You don’t get tired behind the wheel at all, and the car itself helps: adaptive cruise control, blind spot sensors in the mirrors and many other “chips”. And yet, so many things are placed in it that it is even on vacation, even in a building materials store. Personally, I like the station wagon much more than the sedan. And you?

35 What is the name of this fortress, I no longer remember - there were too many of them in a couple of days.

36 In a week I'm going on another trip with Skoda, this time to ride around Corsica. Another place I wouldn't go myself, but I've heard a lot about.

37 Have you been to Italy? Where did you like it the most?

Italy is famous not only for its cities, islands and historical sites, but also for its lakes. Some of them are more famous, some less so, but they definitely deserve to take a closer look at them, devoting a separate post to the topic.

…Located in the very north of Italy, not far from Milan, Lake Como- one of the main attractions of these places.

Lake Como

The lake owes its popularity to the extraordinary beauty of the surroundings, thanks to which it was considered prestigious to have a villa here since the time of the Roman Empire. It is no coincidence that Virgil and Pliny the Younger chose these places for themselves, and in our time, no less famous people of our time own real estate here, including, for example, George Clooney. Moreover, many of the readers, we are sure, are already familiar with Como in absentia. The lake is often used as a natural location for the filming of Hollywood films: Casino Royale and Ocean's 12 are among them.

Lake Garda

Lake Garda is the largest and most visited in Italy. picturesque villages, medieval castles And developed infrastructure entertainment is unlikely to leave anyone indifferent. Surrounding landscape Lake Garda very diverse with beaches along the South Shore and cliffs in the north. Pure water Garda allows you to safely swim, sail, windsurf and even fishing. On the lake is the most big park children's entertainment in Italy - Gardaland, an aquarium and a water park, making the destination ideal for couples with children. And if you want variety and shopping, Venice and Milan are relatively close to Garda.

Building a villa on Lake Como was considered prestigious back in ancient Rome.

Lake Maggiore

rich on natural beauty northern Italy is famous for its many beautiful lakes, among which is the pearl of Maggiore. Located just half an hour from international airport Milan and west of Como, Maggiore is included in two Italian provinces- Lombardy and Piedmont, and also enters the territory of neighboring Switzerland. The landscape of the surroundings of the lake - the hills in its southern part and the mountains in the North protect Maggiore from the winds, creating a mild microclimate on its shores. The three islands in the center of Maggiore and the thousand-year-old Angers Castle are popular and visited by visitors.

Lake Bolsena

located in Central Italy – lake bolsena- is located in the caldera of an extinct volcano and is known as the fifth largest in the country. The city of the same name Bolsena - the main settlement on the lake - is famous for its beautiful medieval center and its strength. There are several islands on the lake, and the surrounding villages are famous for their picturesque nature and excellent cuisine.

Massaciuccoli (Massaciuccoli)

Lake Massaciuccoli is no different large sizes, however, is one of the favorite lakes of Italians. Part of the lake is reserved for the reserve, while the other - located closer to the sea - faces small town Torre del Lago, famous for its association with the famous Italian composer Giacomo Puccini. The latter’s villa currently serves as the composer’s museum, and these places are also the center of the famous summer opera festival, held in an open theater overlooking Lake Massaciuccoli.

trasimene lake

Lake Trasimene is the largest in Central Italy, and its area is 128 square kilometers. However, despite its size, the lake is not particularly deep, averaging 6.7 m. trasimene lake entered the annals of history thanks to the June 24, 217 BC held here. battle between the armies of Hannibal and the Romans. The latter, moreover, suffered a crushing defeat. Today, the surroundings of the lake are popular due to a number of picturesque villages and towns, the most interesting of which is Castiglione del Lago with a medieval center and a castle. Numerous beaches stretch along the shores of the lake.

Lake Orta

small Lake Orta with an area of ​​​​only 18 square kilometers is located in northern Italy in Piedmont and was once famous as a center of poets and artists. From the charming village of San Giulio, you can take a trip to the island in the middle of the lake or climb sacred mountain, where there are sanctuaries built in 1591 and small chapels dedicated to St. Francis.

There are only four of them - Como, Garda, Iseo and Maggiore. Fantastic Four. If you look at the geographical map, then Como, Garda, Iseo and Maggiore will not differ much from each other. But in fact they are all different - with different characters, shores

There are only four of them - Como, Garda, Iseo and Maggiore. Fantastic Four. If you look at the geographical map, then Como, Garda, Iseo and Maggiore will not differ much from each other. But in fact, they are all different - with different characters, shores and water. Exploring their secrets is more interesting than the beach, even the ocean.

Each lake from the great Italian four has its own flavor. And this is not just a metaphor. The water in Garda, for example, will taste different from the water in Iseo. Try it. Just scoop with your palm. In Lake Garda, the water will be more salty, tart and almost already marine in taste, while in Iseo it is more "watery", more transparent, more flowing, although Iseo is not a river, but a lake. The water in Como always seems warm and slightly sweet, like a little champagne, while the water in Maggiore is always cold.

And the thing is that there are many strong thermal springs in Lake Garda, which the ancient Romans knew about and which they used for healing purposes. These thermal springs they make themselves felt with an extremely sharp smell of hydrogen sulfide and a strange dense haze that almost never leaves the surface of the water. Such haze in aristocratic Tuscany is usually called fumana. This haze appears on the Tuscan hills at exactly five in the morning and disappears only by noon.

Lake Garda, from which we propose to begin this May journey, is deservedly considered the most solemn lake of the whole four. Garda is considered the most majestic, the most eternal and the most state-owned lake. On the banks and waters of the Garda, history has been made many times in all its breaks, bends, brilliant victories and complete outrages. Here, many Roman Augusts and patricians, noted in the Annals by Tacitus himself, perished in battles forgotten by modern history textbooks. This is evidenced by the numerous busts of the ancient Romans that have survived to this day, these formidable shaved heads with empty eye sockets and bangs carefully poured onto a bald marble skull. From the last historical events on Gard we can remember 1943. For example, on the shores of Lake Garda there is the city of Salo, where the once theatrical, noisy, like a monkey, Benito Mussolini, in silent despair, lived out his days before execution, and scary tale his downfall was marked by Pasolini's film.

Even on the banks of the Garda stands the luxurious villa of Gabriele D'Annunzio - a mediocre poet, a terrible writer, an unfaithful husband of great actresses, a good aviator and the greatest Italian adventurer since the time of Casanova, who embodied in his life and, perhaps, in the life of Europe in 1919, Nietzsche's dream of superman. Let us recall that in September 1919 this writer, sadly singing Moonlight, withered roses, love to the grave and other symbolist poetic rubbish, took and captured with the help of his "commandos" the northern Italian port of Fiume (or Rijeka, speaking in Croatian). The unfortunate writer not only managed to conquer the port, but also remained its powerful commandant until 1921, which caused the envy of Mussolini himself for many years to come.

Lake Garda gives a majestic cast of history. The cast will be exactly like the bust of a Roman, which, for example, is in the large lakeside park of the town of Sirmione, the most aristocratic town of Garda, shady from palms and cypresses.

Lake Como- a completely different story. The shores of Como are dynamic, mountainous and covered with cozy fluffy green forests (and not a single bald spot!). The landscape here is cheerful, almost sporty. But gyms in famous hotels, alas, are always empty. No one even thinks to turn the pedals. Como is a sport, but please, from a distance. Or tomorrow morning, definitely, definitely. We will come. Yes Yes! Early in the morning!

But in the morning on Lake Como, for some reason, you always want to drink champagne and ride a white boat, but forget about the simulators. Because on Como no one goes to bed before morning. And on Como, you need to wear silk shirts and silk pajamas (silk is an ancient craft on this particular lake; needless to say, here silk ties are among the best in the world).

Many Hollywood stars have married Como, and this is a tradition. Gianni Versace lived in Como, and before him the Visconti dynasty, and for about a year since 1260.

In Como, you must certainly be able to dance the tango, even in silk pajamas, but even better without them at all. Como is a lake of idle aristocrats, splendid revelers and all kinds of lovers and couples in the world. Here, in the local parks, it seems that chestnut trees always bloom, dropping their small flowers on the heads of travelers. The baroque towers of tiny towns and fertile villages chime with the life-affirming chime of old clocks beyond any timetable. Small helicopters and white-winged hang gliders soar cheerfully over Como, carefully skirting the mountains. And most importantly, it seems that in any weather it is summer in Como. Especially if you are sitting on the terrace of Villa d`Este in company with its famous director, highly respected European hotelier Jacques Drulet - a lover of lake nature, " swan lake"performed by the Mariinsky Theatre, 12-year-old Scotch whisky, Argentine tango and vintage British cars. Monsieur Droulet takes a sip, waves his hand, and his musicians begin to tango. Piazzolla, of course.

Lake Iseo- this is the most homely of the magnificent four lakes. The Italians themselves rest here, so there are few visitors on the banks of the Iseo. Many birds nest on the waters of Iseo, great Riva boats are built here, a lot of large and small fish live here, which sooner or later end up in the kitchens of popular fish restaurants. There, in the ancient fish osteria, a foreigner is offered the most expensive, rarest meal - a piece of veal. But you insistently ask for fish. The Italians will be very surprised by such a request, because they believe that only they themselves are familiar with this famous local fish.

"Fish?! Our signora wants our fish? Mario! Mario! Yes, rather, rash the rudd in the pan!" According to our data, the rudd from Iseo cannot even be compared with the legendary rudd from Lake Le Mans (in restaurants in Geneva, this fish is affectionately called "rouge"). Rudd from Iseo is a hundred times fatter. By the way, carp and trout, spotted, fried in small peppercorns, are also highly recommended by us.

Even on Iseo, a rare foreigner in these parts, that is, you, will definitely be offered the most expensive thing - wine. For example, the great Tuscan. Wine from Umbria, Piedmont or from the province of Veneto. But you insistently ask only for a franciacorta. The Franciacorta area - and these are the best Italian sparkling wines - is located right here, on one of the banks of the Iseo. Plateaus of vineyards descend almost to the very water, brown grape hooks stick out of the ground, like some kind of tops of wormholes. And what are the cheeses here! Tasting pieces of local cheeses - soft and hard, with a greasy yellow crust (this is a separate local dessert) - you can cover our Red Square.

And finally, the turn has come Lake Maggiore. This is a coda, a triumph, this is the last chord of the lake journey. Maggiore is a ghost lake with the most complex architecture of the banks. Exactly this deep lake from all the great four. Here is the most cold water, even in summer it has some kind of icy aftertaste.

The strongly elongated Maggiore is a lake-theatre, full of shadows and highlights, playing on the water in the morning and evening. This lake wandered more than once, passed from hand to hand, changed state borders. Maggiore was located in different countries, he was conquered, subdued, then returned again, subjugated again. Now Maggiore is located in the very north of Italy.

The most baroque, otherworldly, the most mystical. Its shores are cut by steep unstable cliffs, to which fishermen's villages, restaurants and the houses of charming local flower girls have stuck. On Maggiore, there are islands with neglected baroque villas (many of them, however, are excellent romantic hotels, in whose rooms ghosts hover), surrounded by fragrant lemon gardens, in which you don’t even want to smoke (and in others, special people directly prohibit smoking).

These same lemons are used to make "Limoncello" and "Limoncino", the most famous Italian dessert liqueurs, which are said to prolong life. Maggiore is a great end to a trip along the shores of the great Italian lakes.

Beauty is a place where the eye rests... Getting to know the great lakes of Italy is a must-see tour for every self-respecting traveler, it is simply overflowing with such beauty. The tour will allow you to contemplate the exquisite beauty and boundless landscapes of the country of ancient Rome, enjoy the elegant resorts and listen to the singing of birds in fragrant lush gardens, look through binoculars at the untouched majestic Alpine peaks, feel the grandeur of the pure fresh blue reservoirs of northern Italy - Lago Maggiore, Como, Iseo and Garda .

On the banks of each of them, cozy hotels are waiting for you, ready to take a tired traveler into their arms at any moment. To better feel the taste of travel, we advise you to start the tour from Milan airport, rent a car right there and move along the route that we have compiled below, along country roads (as an option - driving on busy motorways, but in low season) to fully understand what it is, northern Italy.

1. Take a look at the small island of fishermen on Lake Maggiore to drink a cup of a special drink - shakerato coffee, which gives a pleasant coolness on a hot summer day. According to the original recipe, the basis of such coffee is a rich espresso flavored with vanilla liqueur and seasoned with a few ice cubes.

2. Relax in the shade of trees on a small island in the middle of Lake Maggiore - Isola dei Pescatori.

3. Wander around the shops at the local market Luino (Luino Market) in the province of Varese (Lombardy), on the right bank of Lago Maggiore. According to the archives, this market worked in the 16th century and even then it was loved by regulars.

4. Take a stroll through the exotic Mediterranean gardens of the ancient villas of the Belle Epoque (fr. Belle Epoque) - the historical period of the last decades of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century (until 1914).

5. See one of the amazing sunsets on the terrace of Villa d'Este on Lake Como.

6. Dine on the terrace of a wonderful restaurant near Alberto Verbano (Albergo Verbano, Hotel Verbano) on Isola dei Pescatori (address: Via Ugo Ara, 2, Isola dei Pescatori, 28838 - Stresa (VB), tel. +39 032 330 408).

Great lakes of Italy, travel itinerary

Lago Maggiore

Arriving in Milan, take care in advance about own car for the period of travel. In the city and directly at the airport there are quite high-quality services offering car rental equipped with GPS navigation. It will help you move freely along a given route. To explore Lake Maggiore on initial stage it is better to stay in one of the hotels in Milan. Choose from one of the luxurious 19th-century palazzos, with an excellent location on the banks of the Olona River.

In Milan is interesting building, prototype of the Moscow Kremlin, Sforza Castle. Once, at the end of the 15th century, it served as a model for Lombard architects who erected the walls of the Kremlin. Lago Maggiore, which is in close proximity to Milan, is divided between the two countries. Its northern part belongs to Switzerland, and the southern part belongs to Italy. The Swiss waters of the lake are located in the canton of Ticino, Italian - in Piedmont and Lombardy. ...

Lake Como

The road to Lake Como starts at south coast Lake Maggiore, it runs against the backdrop of picturesque mountains to the east, to the third largest freshwater reservoir in Italy. Lake Como (another name is Lario) is one of the deepest in all of Europe. His geographical position quite successful in terms of our route - 40 km north of Milan, surrounded by limestone mountains with a height difference of 600-2400 m.

We offer to stay in Grand Hotel, it is part of a very limited list of great Italian palaces. Here you will find everything you need for a comfortable stay - a beautiful park with a pond, architectural details in the Art Deco style, two restaurants that even gourmets will like, and a spa. You can swim either in Lake Como, or in one of the two outdoor pools where the water is heated. ...

Lake Iseo

Iseo (also called Sebino) is also located in northern Italy, in the province of Bergamo (Lombardy), surrounded by the foothills of the Lombard Southern Alps and the beautiful plain of the Po River. The road to the lake is laid from Como through Brescia. In the very center of Iseo there is the largest island in Europe on the lake - Monte Isola, a little further than the mini-islands of San Paolo and Loreto. You need a boat to see them.

Having finished acquaintance with panoramas Lake Iseo, we propose to go further, to the hills of Lake Garda and settle in one of the country residences on its shore.

Lake Garda

Lake Garda is the largest fresh water reservoir in Italy. It is located close to southern foot Alps, in tectonic basin ice age. The guard is so deep that it allows regular watercraft and cargo river craft to ply. On the banks of the Garda unique objects.

From the culinary and confectionery local highlights, we advise you to try the Master Gelataria ice cream in Desenzano, taste the dishes offered in the cafe Torri del Benaco (Torri del Benaco). ...

Verona

At the end of the journey through the great lakes of Italy from Garda, it is worth stopping by Verona located nearby - a city that has preserved the memory of Juliet and her love for Romeo. Book for 1-2 nights the hotel Le Palais Barbieri - it operates in ancient palace XIV century, but quite modern.

Walking around Verona, visit one of its places of luck, do not forget to look into the busy old area of ​​​​Corso Porta Borsani near the medieval gates of Verona - Porta Borsani, which served as part of the defensive fortifications of the city. The area is filled with amazing artisan shops and authentic restaurants, plus easy access to the amphitheater or shopping on Via Mazzini.

1. If the tour of the great lakes of Italy will take place in warm spring or summer days, the most successful transport for transportation is a convertible, a car that will make moving around northern Italy even more romantic, will allow you to breathe fresh mountain air, to feel the will of the winds fluttering on the hair.

If you are already in the mountainous areas Alps, it's just a sin not to look into the Dolomites - unusual mountains, striking landscapes, attracting climbers from all over the world. Dolomites Italy is equipped with modern lifts that will help you easily climb into beautiful mountain valleys, alpine meadows, discover the incredible beauty of mountain lakes. Further along the high-mountain trails, one should ride horses, so travelers get acquainted with the majestic ski valleys Italy - Sella Ronda, Val di Fassa, Arabs and Alta Badia. ...

If you want to see everything, leave four days in reserve - this is the period for which the horseback tour is designed, which is especially popular with tourists and is offered by local agencies. This can be a journey through the great lakes of Italy...

It's a pity, but it's time to say goodbye to the picturesque "mountain eyes" of Italy. We recommend returning to the airport to Venice, from there - and fly home. But not for long - after all, Italy cannot remain without your attention ...

There are no long and full-flowing rivers in Italy, but rather mountain streams flowing directly into the sea or forming small river systems. Only rivers form a developed network Northern Italy, year-round fed by glacial melt waters and heavy rainfall

There are no long and full-flowing rivers in Italy, but rather mountain streams flowing directly into the sea or forming small river systems. A developed network is formed only by the rivers of Northern Italy, all year round fed by melted glacial waters and heavy rainfall. The water resources of the country as a whole are estimated at 155 billion m 3, not counting 13 billion m 3 groundwater flowing into the sea. More than half of all water resources is in northern Italy.

About 1/4 of the country's territory is occupied by the basin of its longest (652 km) and deep river- By. It originates in the Kotta Alps, flows through the entire Podan Plain and flows into the Adriatic Sea, forming a vast delta growing every year. From the turbid waters of the Po, such a quantity of suspended particles is deposited rocks that in some places in the lower reaches of its channel lies above the surrounding plain. This required the construction of numerous dams to protect against floods, which are not uncommon here. It is navigable from the mouth to the city of Cremona. A whole network of shipping channels is woven into its delta.

The left tributaries of the Po are more full-flowing, feeding in summer with alpine melted glacial waters. Many of them have dams and reservoirs. Apennine tributaries - small mountain rivers, the most full-flowing spring and rainy autumn. The rest of the rivers of Northern Italy that are not part of the Po system (Adige, the second longest after Po, Piave, Tagliamento, Reno, etc.), are most full-flowing in June as a result of melting winter snow and summer rains.

On the border between dry plains alpine foothills and the lowland stretches a line of sources - fountains, emerging above the clay impervious horizon from aquifers and permeable layers - limestone, gravel, sand. The fountains feed some of the tributaries of the Po, irrigate the meadows and rice fields, are used for water supply of settlements.

Rivers peninsula- Mediterranean type, i.e. they are full-flowing in autumn and winter and shallow in summer. Among them, the Tiber stands out in length (405 km). It is navigable only in the section from Rome to the mouth. Through a system of canals, lakes, tributaries, the Tiber is connected with another relatively major river peninsula - Arno.

The Tiber, Arno, and especially the rivers of northeastern Italy are notorious for their floods, sometimes of catastrophic proportions, as in 1966. Floods most often occur in rainy autumn. They have become more frequent over the past decades. Floods are caused not only by natural causes, but also by active, far from always thoughtful human intervention in the environment.

Devastating floods occur during winter rains and on short rivers (fiumars) that dry up in summer in Calabria, Basilicata, and Sicily.

Italian rivers have long been used by man as a source of electricity, for irrigation, water supply, and on a small scale for navigation. The flow of many rivers, especially alpine ones, is regulated by artificial reservoirs. Italy's hydropower resources technically available for development, estimated at 56 billion kWh, are almost completely used by existing hydroelectric power plants. More than 60% of water resources are concentrated in the Alps.

In the foothills and mountainous regions of the Alps, there are extensive (from 50 to 370 sq. km) and deep (more than 400 m) lakes glacial origin: Lago Maggiore, Lugano, Como, Iseo, Garda, etc. Open to the south and protected from the north by mountains, lake basins have a mild and healthy climate. There are many world-class resorts on the shores of alpine lakes. Except large lakes in the Alps, near the border of the snow cover, about 3,000 small amazingly picturesque lakes, also of glacial origin, are scattered.

On Adriatic coast there are small lakes with salt water - former lagoons, fenced off from the sea by sandy spits. Some of them produce salt.

The lakes of Central Italy - Bolsena, Vico, Bracciano, Albano, Nemi - are craters filled with water extinct volcanoes. There are also lakes of karst (Matese) and tectonic (Trazimeno) origin in Italy.

The natural hydrographic system of the country has changed a lot over the centuries. economic activity person. From the time of the Greek colonists, Etruscans and Romans, and up to the present day, aqueducts, navigable and irrigation canals, dams, dams were built here, artificial reservoirs, swamps and lakes were drained (for example, the Tuscan Maremma, Lake Fucino). Intensive exploitation inland waters led to their pollution, especially in northern Italy. Many rivers have become dangerous to use for water supply. Some of them are contaminated with trace elements; so, there is an increased content of heavy metals in the river, Entella, arsenic - in the river. Ombrone. The Po River is even called the "gutter" of the Podan Plain, and regarding the maximum pollution of the river. Arno Italians bitterly joke: "Arno is bacteriologically pure, even microbes do not survive in it." Alpine lakes, especially Lago Maggiore, have not escaped pollution either. Back in 1970, an action plan was developed aimed at protecting water resources, regulating the use of rivers, protecting banks, but in the conditions of capitalist management, and besides, in a period of deep economic crisis this plan was never put into practice.