The main attraction of Poland. Landmark Auschwitz - Polish concentration camp. View the natural wealth of Poland

Poland is beautiful mountains, virgin forests, majestic rivers and lakes, amazing beautiful cities. Here, thousands of monuments of the Middle Ages coexist with modern objects. This can be confirmed by the unique Crooked House in Sopot, which has no analogues in the world.

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The centuries-old history of Poland has left hundreds of monuments that are bright sights of the country, illustrating the path of its development and prosperity, decline and destruction, recovery from the chaos of wars and uprisings. Every ancient city is a kind of landmark, reflecting a particular era, system, historical events. good example can serve as the capital of Poland - beautiful Warsaw, where in every corner of the city you can see a monument of history.

One of the main squares of the city in the Middle Ages was considered princely, because it was surrounded on three sides by palaces and castles of noble gentry, descendants of ancient aristocratic families. This place can be considered a Phoenix bird in architecture: there were so many destructions and revivals created by human hands.

The square, located on the left bank of the Vistula, was connected to the right-bank district of the city by a bridge and overpass, blown up by the Nazis in 1944. The city authorities decided public transport move to the tunnel built under the Vistula, and build a new one instead of the old blown-up bridge.

The project, which changed the original appearance of the old square, was carried out in 1949. On July 22, the grand opening of the tunnel and the new bridge took place. The area has become a pedestrian area. Thanks to the joint efforts of historians and architects, all houses built in the Baroque style were carefully restored; meticulously restored other buildings - evidence of a bygone era.

A striking example of the revival is the Royal Castle, the construction of which was begun in the 16th century by King Sigismund III and continued until the 19th century by the following rulers, who created a whole palace complex.

The fire of 1939 and the explosion of 1944 completely destroyed the magnificent architectural structure, in which only the wing remained intact Royal Library. As a result of the greatest reconstruction, the castle acquired its former appearance, decorating the historical square.

The central symbol of the square is the Corinthian column, which is part of the Baroque monument in honor of King Sigismund III. The 8.5-meter-high column, which is crowned by a 2.7-meter statue of the king in knightly armor, was installed in 1643. But the departing fascists also destroyed this monument in 1945, leaving the bronze sculpture of the king intact.

The column was restored anew in 1949, using red granite instead of the previous red marble, hoisting a statue of Sigismund on top. The monument was erected in a new place - an elevation at the entrance to the Krakow suburb, from where it is clearly visible from all parts of the Old Town.

One of the largest and most majestic buildings in the capital, located on Krakowskie Suburb Street, has a long and complex history of its existence. Its construction began in 1643 for the crowned hetman Stanislav Konetspolsky and was completed in 1648 by the son of the hetman Alexander.

Over the centuries, many owners of the palace have changed, each of whom sought to change something, attach it to the building - the result was a monumental majestic building, which served presidential residence, starting from the 90s of the last century until the 2010 plane crash. Now the palace square is a place of memory for the dead, where on a sad date the inhabitants of Poland and tourists bring flowers and light candles.

A magnificent white building with many arched vaults, surrounded by a high openwork lattice, adorns main city. The square in front of the building is unusually beautiful and solemn: majestic monument Józef Potocki, a powerful sculpture of a lion, slender cypresses, neatly trimmed hedgerows - emphasize the splendor of the presidential palace.

Malbork Castle or Marienburg, as the Germans called it, is a symbolic embodiment of significant historical events and movements: Teutonic knights and crusaders, Polish princes and kings found shelter within its walls. The castle is truly unique as one of the largest medieval fortresses built of bricks in a typical gothic style.

The unique complex was also badly damaged during the Second World War and completely restored, presenting now a clear example medieval castle surrounded by a high brick wall, sentry round towers, palace buildings inside a huge courtyard, occupying 20 hectares of land.

Taken under the protection of UNESCO, today the castle is a real tourist mecca where travelers come from all over the world.

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Tatras - a natural landmark of Poland

On the territory of Poland are picturesque mountains, which are a continuation of the Carpathians and bearing the name Tatras. richest coniferous forests, glaciers, unique lakes, green valleys create an excellent natural infrastructure for development ski resorts and bases. Region High Tatras more suitable for more extreme sports, because some peaks reach 2000 m or more.

Center for classes ski views sports and recreation is the high-mountain resort of Zakopane, which has wonderful ski and snowboard slopes, an abundance interesting routes, excellent sanatoriums and recreation centers.

Here they strive to preserve and develop the Polish folk flavor, original Polish culture, national cuisine and traditions. Primordial charm mountain scenery combined with a high level of modern infrastructure make Zakopane one of the best ski resorts in Europe.

9th place. Mazury

8th place. Malbork Castle (Zamek Malbork)

7th place. Auschwitz concentration camp (Auschwitz-Birkenau)

6th place. City of Częstochowa

5th place. Wroclaw

4th place. Poznań

3rd place. Torun

2nd place. Slowinski National Park (Słowinski Park Narodowy)

1 place. Gdansk

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Poland has a lot to see and admire. What is worth alone architectural appearance country, in which various directions of cultures of the East and West intersected, majestic Gothic churches and classical palaces. There are many attractions not only in big cities- they also exist and even in very small settlements. So, let's start our story about the main sights of Poland.

Warsaw

The capital of Poland, which is rightfully the economic, cultural, scientific, transport and tourist center countries. The historical sights of the city are concentrated on the left bank, and on the right is the new district of Prague. In the old part of the city (Stare Miasto) is located beautiful park capital - Lazienki Park. On its territory there is a palace of the same name, two greenhouses and an amphitheater. Also in the old town visit Palace Square, in the center of which is the column of Sigismund III, erected in 1634-1644 on the initiative of his son, Vladislav VI. Fans of hiking in museums will have a place to turn around - there are 43 museums in Warsaw, the main of which is National Museum, in the treasuries of which there are many exhibits related to various periods of the life of Poland.

An ancient city that miraculously survived during the Second World War from complete destruction.

The main attractions of this beautiful city are the residence of the kings - Wawel, royal road, St. Mary's Church And market.

Also in the city there are many interesting museums, visiting which you will spend your time with benefit.

Located 10 kilometers from the city salt mines"Velichka", where salt was mined from 1280 to 1992. The depth of some workings reaches 320 meters, and the number of chambers exceeds 2000.

The city is the center of the region in which Poland was created more than a thousand years ago. When visiting this city, pay attention to such sights as the Old Town with the Market, the Town Hall and old houses and Tumsky Island with churches built in the 13th-15th centuries. For lovers active rest will be of interest to the park "Malta" with sports complex and a water sports centre.

The city, which is in second place after Warsaw in terms of the number of inhabitants. From interesting places Lodz is worth paying attention to such as the Museum of History, the Museum of Art, the Rector of the Lodz University of Technology, the White Factory of Ludwik Geiler, the Petersi House and the largest Jewish cemetery in Europe, whose area exceeds 40 square kilometers.

One of the oldest Polish cities. The first information about it dates back to the X century. Of the sights of the city, it is worth stopping at such as the Lublin Castle (XIII-XIX centuries), the Chapel of the Holy Trinity (1418), the Catholic University of Lublin, the City Hall, the Trinity Tower, the Museum of Religious Art, as well as visiting the Krakow Gate and the market square.

Not far from Lublin there is one very sad and scary place- the Majdanek concentration camp, which claimed the lives of 360,000 people during the Second World War.

In the city of Czestochowa there is an icon of the Blessed Virgin Mary or the Black Madonna, in connection with which the city has become one of the centers of pilgrimage for Christians around the world. It is located in the Pauline Monastery on Yasnaya Gora.

The city of Gdynia will offer you interesting museums– City Museum, Oceanographic Museum and Maritime Museum.

In the old days, it was one of the residences of the crusaders and the birthplace of the great Polish scientist - Nicolaus Copernicus. The main historical sights are located around the market. These include the Town Hall, the Church of the Holy Virgin Mary, the Church of St. Jacob and the Church of St. Jan, the monument to Nicolaus Copernicus and his house-museum. Also of interest to visit are places such as the fort from the Second World War, the astronomical observatory, the Museum of Art Far East and others.

For lovers of outdoor recreation, we recommend visiting Masurian Lake District, on the territory of which there are more than 1000 lakes. In this region of pristine nature, a large landscape parks and reserves are organized. Also, do not forget that there are about a thousand different caves in Poland, the most beautiful of which are Paradise near Kilche and Bear near Klodzko.

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Choosing for yourself nice tour to Poland, every traveler in one way or another is guided by the most beautiful cities. Of course, if possible, he wants to visit all the popular centers in one trip and see their sights to the maximum.

In order for you to make the selection of such a tour as easy as possible, let's look at the most interesting centers in this country from the point of view of a tourist, so that you know where to get tickets.

Cities of Poland - excerpts for each

All tourists who managed to visit this amazing country, naming the cities most impressive to them, converge on the following:

• Warsaw- the capital of Poland, a city that combines ancient examples of architecture, as well as modern high-rise buildings. Despite the fact that now it is Warsaw that plays the role of the main administrative center She manages to keep her color. This city has a lot of attractions, which is why it often becomes the first place that visitors are advised to visit. After all, it is no coincidence that it is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
• Krakow- the second in terms of administrative workload, but not the most important center. This Old city, there are a lot of interesting objects starting from Rynok Square and ending with small churches. Unlike Warsaw, this former capital Poland during the war practically did not suffer, because the city managed to preserve its original architecture in full.
• Torun- another wonderful Polish city, who managed to survive the Second without loss world war. All the architecture and unusual Polish flavor have also been preserved here. Now it is rightfully considered the center of Europe, of course, cultural. If you choose what exactly to focus on here, you should still pay attention to the old part. Although the new cozy areas here are quite capable of captivating tourists.
• Katowice- This city is quite young, it is about two centuries old. However, today it is one of the coziest Polish places. There is quite an interesting original architecture, there are original sights. It is worth choosing mainly for those tourists who are already tired of the splendor of Warsaw and Krakow.
• Gniezno. This city is the first capital of Poland. The most interesting thing that has been preserved here is Rynok Square (it is a special attraction in almost all cities of this country), as well as several churches.
• Bydgoszcz- a completely unusual city for Poland. Most of all, it resembles Venice. The main attraction here is the Bydgoszcz Canal.
• Wroclaw- Another one old City, in which the famous old cathedrals are concentrated. Included in the UNESCO heritage list.
• Poznan – historical Center. Small but very cozy town, which must be visited by everyone who wants to know Poland and its history thoroughly.
• Wieliczka is a city where the best Polish balls are held to this day. It is recommended to go here only during the season, and only by invitation, otherwise there will be a risk of missing out on all the fun.
• Lublin- Another largest place in Poland, where there are quite a few historical museums, There is cultural centers and several interesting objects for tourists. And although this city no longer plays the role that it had several centuries ago in the life of the state, it is imperative to visit it.

There are several other small but interesting cities in this country. These are Zakopane, Malbork and some others. But they, unfortunately, are not of such special interest to tourists as the aforementioned ones.

The main attractions of the cities

Almost each of the presented cities has a number of special attractions, without which its understanding will not be complete.

The most interesting of its kind may be Krakow. It is here that the Wawel Castle, Kazimierz, the Bishops' Palace are located. Planty is a special zone of this city. This is a kind of park ring around the old center.

In total, Krakow accounts for a quarter of the country's museum art. Therefore, those who go to this city can definitely say that they will find something to see here. You should definitely visit the Czartoryski Museum here, without which the tour of the city would probably be incomplete. Those who like to spend time with more modern amusements should definitely visit the local water park. He deserves the highest praise.

For those who want to appreciate the state pomposity of Poland the best place becomes Warsaw. Here to see Royal Square, visit several palaces at once: Wilanowski, made in the Baroque style, Royal Palace, as well as museums: the Museum of the Polish Army, the National Museum of Warsaw, the Chopin Museum and many others. Those wishing to appreciate the whole flavor of the city cannot do without the so-called Old Town, Rynok Square, and the Krakow Suburb.

In Lublin, if you choose this particular city for yourself, you should focus on the Crown Tribunal, the Krakow Gate, the Dominican Church. Most extreme tourists here they can also offer to visit Majdanek. But those who do not want to remember the horrors of war should go down to the city dungeon. In Poland, this is one of the most popular such objects.

How to visit all cities in a few days

The easiest way to visit all the cities in a few days is to choose for yourself ready tour from the agencies.

There are quite a few of these today. They can include both the two main cities - Warsaw and Krakow, as well as several smaller ones in addition. Most often these are tours Warsaw-Krakow-Wroclaw, Warsaw-Krakow-Torun and others, depending on the main topic of the tour.

Such excursions are designed in such a way that a person stays in one place for no more than a day or two. Overnight stays in such tours are mainly in hotels that are booked by the same company that organizes the trip.

The only disadvantage of such excursions is that they, as a rule, have a standard set of monuments, which by default are mandatory for every visitor to familiarize themselves with.

They are very good for those who visit Poland for the first time. But if a person visits the country for the second or third time, you can either look for more exotic tours ( thematic excursions, for example, dedicated to the churches or castles of the country), or create a program on your own, which in duration will correspond to standard tour, but will differ in the list of places. So you can easily calculate the time and make an author's tour for yourself.

One way or another, you will be able to choose for yourself the optimal program that satisfies all your travel expectations. And who knows, maybe one of the cities will amaze you so much that you will certainly want to get to know him better, but already as part of a completely different tour.