Kamensk-Uralsky - attractions. What to see in the metallurgical capital of the Urals? History of the Holy Trinity Church. Formation of the architectural appearance of the Kamensky plant: the 19th century

The Iset River flows in the Urals, through the territories of the Sverdlovsk, Tyumen and Kurgan regions. The length of the river is 606 kilometers. She is one of the most long rivers Sverdlovsk region and one of the most beautiful rivers of the Urals. The name of the river is explained from the Turkic and Ket languages ​​as "fish river".

The source of the river begins in Lake Isetskoye, 25 kilometers northwest of Yekaterinburg. The dam regulates the flow of the lake.

Several centuries ago, the Verkh-Isetsky, Yekaterinburg and Uktussky factories worked on the Iset, and the river was also a place of gold mining, which had a negative impact on the environment. Wastewater from the city of Yekaterinburg is regularly discharged into the waters of the river. In 2008, the river suffered a mass freeze due to lack of oxygen. The river is considered one of the most polluted rivers in Russia.

Kamenka river

The Kamenka River is a river flowing on the territory of the Sverdlovsk region. Its length is 57 kilometers. The river originates on the left bank of the Iset River, and flows into the Kara Sea. largest tributary The river is the Belaya River, 19 kilometers long.

There are several natural attractions on the river - such as the "Devil's Finger" rock, the "Bogatyrek" mountain, the "Three Brothers" rock, the "Dinosaur" rock. In general, there are many rock formations of various bizarre shapes and names on the river.

There are also two bridges on the river, connecting its steep banks. One bridge - railway, and the second - hanging. The shores of Kamenka are mostly rocky, where you can find small karst caves and depressions. These places are extremely picturesque. Therefore, there are many outdoor enthusiasts and fishermen.

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Chapel of Alexander Nevsky

The Chapel of Alexander Nevsky was built in honor of the 300th anniversary of the city in the center of Kamensk-Uralsky, designed by architect A.V. Dolgov, Advisor to the Russian Academy of Architecture and Building Sciences. In 1999, a religious procession took place at the construction site of the chapel, a Cross was erected here and the territory was consecrated.

In 2001, the archbishop of Yekaterinburg and Verkhoturye Vincent solemnly consecrated the chapel, and the administration of the Kamensky district presented an icon of the Great Prince Alexander Nevsky as a gift. Currently, the chapel is a landmark and a symbol of the city. This area hosts the annual Russian Festival of Bell Ringing Masters.

The Transfiguration Monastery began its history with the women's community, which was founded by Avdotya Voronina. The first church built with her money was the church in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, which was opened in 1862. The main altar was consecrated in honor of the Transfiguration of the Lord, the left aisle - in honor of St. Nicholas, and the right - in honor of the Annunciation of the Virgin.

In 1917, 30 nuns and 150 novices lived in the monastery. Later, the monastery was closed, and its temples were desecrated and plundered. The military registration and enlistment office and the land administration began to be located here, later - clubs, warehouses, a bakery, children's educational institutions, etc.

On the site of the already destroyed convent, a new monastery was founded in 1998, now a male one. Now the monastery is being revived, divine services are held in it and restoration work is underway. Now the Sobriety Society and an Orthodox school work at the monastery.

Leninsky Komsomol Square

Leninsky Komsomol Square, located on Pobeda Avenue in Kamensk-Uralsk, is the central square of the city and the main place for rollerblading, cyclists and skateboarders. It consists of different levels, edges and rolls.

Mine modern look recently acquired the area - before that it was laid with reinforced concrete slabs and lawns in the upper part. The main highlight of the square is the fountain, for the maintenance of which 180 thousand rubles were spent.

Various holidays and events often take place on the square. Also, this place is a very convenient place for meetings and walks. The area is surrounded by numerous shops, offices and government offices.

Bainovsky bridge across the Iset

Baynovsky Bridge is the only public road bridge to date, which runs across the Iset River in Kamensk-Uralsky and connects the Sinarsky and Krasnogorsky districts of the city. It was opened at 05:00 am on July 8, 2012 and has become a real lifesaver for residents of the city, who previously had to spend about an hour to get to work in the neighboring area. The bridge was built with funds allocated by the local budget. Three months after the opening, it was restored - the top layer of asphalt eight centimeters thick was completely removed, and the bottom surface was cleaned of dirt and spilled with bitumen. The next capital work is scheduled for mid-2014.

From the Baynovsky bridge, a magnificent view of the Iset River and its beautiful banks, planted with young trees, opens up. The length of the structure is about 8 kilometers, which is approximately four trolleybus stops. About 3,000 workers took part in the construction of the bridge, who completed the task quickly enough - in just two years.

Palace of Culture of the Ural Aluminum Plant

Historical and architectural monument of the middle of the 20th century (1947), built in the style of Stalinist neoclassicism, which currently houses the Palace of Culture..

Museum of Local Lore

The local history museum in the city of Kamensk-Uralsky was founded in 1924. Its first exhibits are private collections belonging to the founder of the institution I. Ya. Styazhkin. The museum is located in the building of the former Kamensk Iron Foundry, built in 1825. Until 1931, the Museum of Local Lore existed as a public museum, and in the fall of 1932 it acquired the status of a state museum.

In 1955, the museum took an active part in the archaeological expedition of the city. In the course of her work, the oldest settlement on the territory of the Kamensky district, as well as the Marai, Voroninskaya and Chernoskutovskaya sites, were excavated. Numerous fragments of ceramics and stone tools found dating back to the 11th millennium BC are now on public display in the museum's exposition.

Among the main excursions of the Museum of Local Lore, the following can be noted: History of Kamensk of the 17th-19th centuries, Collection of furniture of the 19th-20th centuries, Ancient Urals, Interior of the hut of a factory worker and merchant shop of the late 19th-early 20th centuries, as well as Animals of the native Urals. The cost of an adult ticket is 30 rubles, and there is a permanent system of discounts for schoolchildren, students and pensioners.

The most popular attractions in Kamensk-Uralsky with descriptions and photos for every taste. Choose best places for visiting famous places Kamensk-Uralsky on our website.

More sights of Kamensk-Uralsky

The appearance of our city has been formed for more than three hundred years.

Kamensk-Uralsky has gone from a small factory village to a large industrial city; was a participant in the formation and development of metallurgy in the Urals, experienced a tough period of undivided power of the mining management, saw the revolutionary changes of 1917 and industrial growth in the 20th century.

And each historical period left its mark on the face of the city.

Architectural sights of Kamensk-Uralsky XIX century

Despite the global changes that Kamensk-Uralsky has experienced over the past century and a half, it has almost completely preserved part of the historical development of the factory village: here you can find former merchant estates, buildings of shops and shops of the 19th century, houses in which people lived more than a hundred years ago wealthy townspeople, as well as buildings that belonged to the Kamensky state-owned iron foundry.

Let's talk about the most striking buildings - typical representatives of the architecture of that time.

The old part of the city of Kamensk-Uralsky can be called one large architectural monument of the 19th century. You can read more about the history of Stary Kamensk and its sights.

Architectural sights of Kamensk-Uralsky XX century

The 20th century was marked by the large-scale development of Kamensk-Uralsky as an industrial city.

Firstly, it was at this time that the city received its real name and, in fact, the status of a city.

Secondly, during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. to Kamensk-Uralsky from other regions of the country was evacuated a large number of specialists of various profiles, the population of the city has increased several times. After the war, large-scale construction of various facilities began (both industry and the social and housing sectors). Accordingly, this also affected appearance cities.

Let's talk about some architectural objects of this time.

• Palace of Culture UAZ . The very first palace of culture in Kamensk-Uralsky, a vivid example of the architectural style "Soviet classicism". Built in the 40s of the last century.
• Railway bridge across the river. Iset. This is a unique bridge built in 1939. It is an architectural monument of regional significance.
• Volkovskaya dam. A dam on the Iset River near the village of Volkovo. Forms the Volkovskoe reservoir.
• Monument "Cannon". Although it does not directly relate to architecture, it is impossible not to say about this attraction, since this monument has long become a symbol of the city of Kamensk-Uralsky. It was erected in 1967 in honor of the workers of the Kamensky state-owned iron foundry, who glorified our region on the fields of military battles with cannons cast at the plant.
• Residential buildings of the complex "Town of aluminists". Houses built in the style of "Soviet neoclassicism", popular in the 30-50s of the last century. Such architectural objects can be found along the streets of Aluminium, Isetskaya, Oktyabrskaya, Builders. The brightest representatives are houses located at the following addresses: st. Aluminum, 12, st. Kamenskaya, 9, st. Isetskaya, 11, st. Builders, d. 10.
• Fountain on Gorky Square. This beautiful and unusual building is the only fountain in Kamensk-Uralsky, made in the classical Roman style.

Architectural sights of Kamensk-Uralsky XXI century

The 21st century has brought with it the development of private (both large and small) businesses in many areas of the economy: trade, leisure, tourism, catering, communications.

In architecture, the new time also found its reflection.

Not to say that in the first years of the 21st century Kamensk-Uralsky has radically changed its appearance, but there is something to show for the new century. Even though these are not masterpieces of architecture, but this is a style that our city will definitely come to over time.

• Chapel of Alexander Nevsky. The chapel, erected in the city center on Leninsky Komsomol Square in 2001, designed by architect A.V. Dolgov. This is one of the last Orthodox churches built in the 21st century in Kamensk-Uralsky. The architectural design of the building has features of both classical Orthodox churches and modern architectural style.

• The building of the shopping and entertainment center "Orange City"(now - Megamart). All malls are similar to each other - as a rule, it is a combination of glass, concrete and bright attractive colors. But at the same time, each mall has its own identity, originality. Probably, we can already talk about the appearance of some kind of modern style in architecture and construction of objects in this area. And the shopping center "Orange - Megamart" is a bright representative of its era.

Development of the town-planning structure of Kamensk-Uralsky beginning of the 17th - the middle of the 20th centuries.

Formation of the architectural appearance of the Kamensky plant: the 19th century

Each city has its own face. We remember the most vivid, expressive buildings that have become a kind of symbols of cities: Palace Square in St. Petersburg, the Kremlin in Moscow, Historical Square in Yekaterinburg.
For Kamensk, the office building of the iron foundry (now local history museum), designed by the architect Malakhov.
But there was another symbol - the Holy Trinity Cathedral, also Malakhov, with a majestic bell tower topped with a dome with an obelisk. The cathedral was disfigured and beheaded during the Soviet period, but in February 1997 it finally found its missing completion - the dominant of the entire ensemble of the square.
The history of our city has already three centuries. During this time, political systems, the way of life of citizens, their worldview and value system have changed, and, accordingly, the appearance of the city has changed. Its architecture is its chronicle. And each page of this chronicle records a certain stage in the life of the city: periods of development, prosperity and ... desolation. The latter is especially acute in the old part of Kamensk.
The Kamensky plant was a peculiar phenomenon in the urban planning of the Urals in the 18th - 19th centuries. The peculiarity of the formation of such a city-factory entirely depended on the productive structure of the iron foundry and was organically connected with it.

How the city was built

Pawning new town, its builders, first of all, took care of safety, so they built a fortress, then residential buildings and a factory. Baths were erected right there to maintain bodily purity, and churches in order to observe spiritual purity, strengthen the faith of the builders, give them strength for hard work. A fortress, a house, a factory, a bathhouse, a church…

Kamensk dates back to the 17th century. In 1682, iron ore was found on the banks of the Kamenka River, then called Zhelezyanka. In the same year, on a June day, here, to the banks of the river, Fyodor Rukin, the son of a boyar, the orderly Tobolsk voivode, Fyodor Rukin, made his way through a windbreak and a thicket with "roundabout people". He, as the documents testify, "examined and swept iron ore, forest and clean places and all kinds of land on both sides of the Zhelezyanka River, and set marks and edges."

According to the petition of Abbot Isaac, the "marked" lands were given into the possession of the Dalmatov Monastery. In the same 1682, the monastery built a “monastic palace” on the Zhelezyanka River, and with it “a forge with an anvil, tongs and bellows, two ovens with screaming tongs and three cooks, a coal shed and a pestle to crush iron ores,” the monk wrote. chronicler at the end of the 17th century.

This settlement, after 18 years of monastic possession, was taken over by the state department, and the Kamensky iron foundry was founded here.

In 1700, the Kamensky plant was put on the map of the Russian State. By order of Peter I, the stone domnitsa were seized from the monastery and a large state-owned cannon factory was laid in the same place.

The idea of ​​the Kamensky plant in the first half of the 18th century is given by a detailed description of it, compiled by the then governor Wilhelm de Gennin and placed in his book Description of the Ural and Siberian Plants.

A typical Ural city-factory (this is how V.N. Tatishchev proposed to name the factory settlement in his "Mining Regulations") is a single complex surrounded by a fortress wall or a moat. Within its boundaries is the plant itself with a dam, factory buildings outside the plant - an office, storerooms, a church, and some residential buildings. All this is surrounded by a more powerful fortress wall, and behind it is a settlement, where artisans and townsfolk settled.

The building ensemble of the city-factory reflected the development of productive forces, the social political life and artistic and aesthetic outlook of society. The historical era is visibly present in the ensemble.

The Kamensk settlement, which had a full cycle of development in five stages (foundation, accumulation of changes, systemic construction, transformation of architectural forms, complete reconstruction), underwent a "figurative" change twice. Initially, it was created according to the methods of the Old Russian or Novopetrovsky city-factory, later - the classical one. The evolution of the change in their appearance looks like a logical chain of interrelated phenomena.

City plans say a lot to the attentive viewer. Our city is a city-factory, a new type of city for Russia that arose in the Urals: residential buildings as an appendage to industrial ones. No city is complete without a river. The river has always been the main city axis. The city's community center is connected to the river in one way or another. Kamensk-Uralsky in this respect is a brilliant example of the inseparability of a river and a city.

History of the Kamensky plant

The Kamensky state-owned factory (1700) - the first cast-iron cannon in the Urals was cast in it - was designed as a support city with administrative functions.

It had two wooden fortresses: an inner rectangular one (with towers in the corners and in the middle of the sides, which included the most valuable buildings - a wooden church, a commander's house, an office, barns, a prison, and others) and an outer broken outline (around housing). At the walls of the first housed a large trading area. Near the fortress there was a plant with hydraulic structures, where up to 315 people worked. But they were not planned to be connected.

Judging by the drawing of the Kamensky plant of the 1760-1780s, given in the book by N. Witsen, the plant and inner fortress were also separated, but both fortresses were supposed to be earthen (the inner fortress was divided into two parts - religious and administrative, and the outer one had a zigzag outline).

From the very beginning, our plant was military. On tests in Moscow, the Ural guns received commendable reviews from Peter the Great gunners.

For a whole century, the Kamensky plant was the main supplier of cannons and cannonballs for the army. He became at the same time the founder of the state industry in the Urals. He was not even a day in the hands of private entrepreneurs and therefore knew a different life than the factories of the Demidovs, Turchaninovs, Yakovlevs.

The Kamensky factory entered the second century of its life, the 19th, almost unchanged (except that the outer fortress was lost by the middle of the 18th century). In those years, he still continued to occupy a prominent place among the Ural state-owned enterprises and played a large role in fulfilling orders caused by the war with Napoleon. In the second half of the XIX century. Kamensk became a point of economic gravity for a wide area. Trading houses appeared: the Sosnins, the Mitintsevs, the Olesovs, the Vorobyovs, and the Belokurovs.

In 1923, the plant ceased to exist.

Baraba, Nazemki, Kalukha, Angle, Voronyatskaya Gora - these were the names of the outskirts, each of which lived in its own way, established its own customs and customs, had its own border that was not marked on any maps and was at enmity with its neighbor.

The local authorities supported the enmity, it divided and weakened the working people. Workers and craftsmen lived in dark wooden houses, there was also the so-called state housing: barracks, barracks, summer booths. They housed 70-120 people.

Stary Kamensk is a unique architectural monument of European scale: today it is the second city-factory that has been preserved in in general terms. Old city rightfully considered the "business card" of Kamensk-Uralsky, the subject of his pride.

The most interesting thing is that Kamenskaya Sloboda, from which our city began, has been preserved, if not in buildings (although you can probably find houses built in the 18th century here with careful study), but in planning: chaotic and intricate - typical of the century before last. This is the so-called "Rotten Corner" - a place in the bend of Kamenka below the dam.

Public center of Kamensk

The peculiarity of the planning and development of the city-factories was that their public centers, which included administrative, religious, commercial buildings and the house of the manager, were combined with the entrance to the factory and were located on the pre-factory areas, which initially served functional purposes - equipment and unloading of convoys. Pre-factory areas, as a rule, were located near the dam, near the main workshops of the plant. Therefore, industrial buildings and structures naturally fit into the structure of the center and its appearance. And only in some cases (Kamensky plant) with the center position back to the plant, they were slightly removed.

In the Kamensky Zavod, when the square was farther from the dam, the center was spatially closed, although large, as it included trading shops and a gostiny yard, industrial buildings formed only its silhouette.

In the first half of the XIX century. the architects of the Urals created some types of administrative buildings, as well as hospitals, storage facilities (arsenals, grain storage "shops", etc.) and, finally, residential buildings - both residences and estates, and for the mass development of the city.

All of them are united by the general principle of artistic decision, both in planning and in the volume and use of architectural means. The buildings created by the Ural architects differed sharply from the architectural monuments of the 18th century.

The architecture of buildings erected in the first half of the 19th century had a different character. Among them, attention is drawn, first of all, to the buildings of factory offices, which were necessarily included in architectural complexes pre-factory areas.

Hospitals, residential buildings, factory offices and other buildings designed by Mikhail Pavlovich Malakhov have a convenient location of premises and a beautiful architectural solution of volumes.

In civil buildings, Malakhov willingly used rich architectural means - he used the Doric and Corinthian orders, somewhat reworked by him, large arched windows treated with rustication, cornices with well-drawn profiles and modulons, stucco ornaments, lattices of balconies and fences of iron art casting.

Malakhov's favorite form of covering the central part of the building was a dome. Malakhov completes a number of buildings with rotundas with domed ceilings (the office of the Kamensky plant). True, his internal layout of the building did not always correspond to the domed completion, but such errors can be found even in such prominent architects as O.I. Bove and D.I. Gilardi.

Hospital

The second stage was marked by cardinal changes in the planning structure, the loss of embankments and walls of the fortress; the formation of new streets - Bolshaya Moskovskaya and Verkhnyaya Novaya; the emergence of a new trading area: the demolition of quarters with government buildings on the main square; the construction of new government buildings in the center, including a stone church; active reconstruction of factories; building a new hospital.

Medical institutions in the city-factories were called hospitals. Until our time, the hospital of the Kamensky plant (Krasny Orlov St., 4) has been preserved.

The hospital was built not in the center, but outside the residential areas, on the road to the Razgulyaevsky mine, high on a hill. This is another Malakhov building erected in a pine forest on high hill. The project was completed in 1817, implemented in 1826.

The hospital was given a large area. The building of the hospital was stone, one-storey, of beautiful proportions, designed in a classical style. The project of a one-story hospital was carried out by Malakhov. With the permission of the Minister of Finance in 1847-1849. the second floor was built. At present, the building has been preserved, but distorted by restructuring. On the copy of the drawing there is information that the wooden services during the "drawing up" of the project "Kamensky building" were removed from nature, in addition, there is a signature indicating that the work was carried out by Unterschichtmeister Galkin.

The hospital building has two floors, later wooden verandas and vestibules were added. The hospital is an example of a provincial public building in the style of classicism.

The territorial isolation of the hospital from the development of the city-factory served as the basis for creating transitional compositional corners in the settlement structure. Being on a hill, such a house attracted attention and, at the entrance to the settlement, architecturally organized the space, helping to orientate and identify the main directions in the development of the street network, just as postal yards (stations) marked major Russian roads.

The hospital was clearly visible from the square, standing out with clear forms against the background of dark green pine needles.

Architectural buildings of the second half of the 19th century.

In the second half of the nineteenth century, the Kamensky plant, like the entire old Ural industry, for a number of political, social and economic reasons began to lose its position as the leading iron producer in the region and gradually fell into decline. And any large construction, similar to the reconstruction of the beginning of the century, was not carried out on its territory and in the city. The main developer of the city was the merchants and the emerging petty bourgeoisie. Their tastes were reflected, first of all, in the residential and religious buildings of Kamensk.

There have been significant changes in the planning of Kamensk. Due to the loss of the defensive value of the earth ramparts and walls of the fortress, its territory began to expand intensively in all directions. Increased space central square. Bolshaya Moskovskaya Street (now Lenina Street) was being equipped. It became the main street of the settlement. On the territory of the former settlements, residential buildings were ordered into quarters of different sizes. Chaotic buildings have been preserved only in the most ancient of them - the Rotten Corner.

At the end of the nineteenth century. the population of the Kamensky plant numbered about 6 thousand people. Its appearance acquired urban features. The plant and the main square remained the center of the planning composition of Kamensk. A number of new one- and two-story residential and commercial buildings appeared along its perimeter and on Bolshaya Moskovskaya Street. The most notable buildings of this time were the complex of buildings of the Transfiguration Convent and the Intercession Cemetery Church. Together with the Holy Trinity Church, against the backdrop of low-rise buildings, they were clearly visible from afar.

The second half of the 19th century is marked by the development of master plans for the reconstruction and territorial development of the city. One plan dates back to 1848, the second - to the end of the 19th century, for the latter, the plan of 1850 was the initial supporting conditions.

In the "Address-calendar of the Perm province for 1898" it is reported that in Kamensk, in addition to the iron foundry, at that time there were five large mills, an oil mill and a tannery, a shoe factory, a soap factory, and a gingerbread establishment. Railways were built:

• Bogdanovich - Ostrovskaya (now Sinarskaya), traffic was opened in 1885,
• Sinarskaya - Shadrinsk (built in 1912-1914).

Transfiguration Convent

The most significant changes occur with the appearance of new architectural dominants: in the north, on the high left bank of the Kamenka River, a plot of the monastery began to be built up, and in the south, on a high hill, a plot was allocated for a new church.

The establishment of the Kamenskaya Preobrazhenskaya women's community was followed by the "Highest command on the 9th day of July 1860", "with the strengthening of her house and land, donated in her favor by the craftsman's daughter Voronina." These houses - a large stone and wooden service - were built by Avdotya Voronina after 1858.

In 1861, the head of the Preobrazhensky community, the same Voronina, gives a petition in which she writes that "with the community she manages, with the inhabitants who were in the community, she wants to build a small stone church on their own capital ...".

The Transfiguration Convent was founded in 1860 by a local resident, "master's daughter" Avdotya Voronina, who donated her three houses for this, which represented a whole complex of structures:

• Church of the Transfiguration (was completed after 1875),
• the so-called "Refectory" (Kirov St., 16): until recently it housed the Sinarsky District Executive Committee, now the building has been transferred to the Transfiguration Monastery (rebuilt in the 1950s),
• gatehouse and chapel.

All buildings were built at different times: from the late 50s to the late 70s. XIX century.

The building of the "Refectory" was heavily modified by subsequent reconstruction, including, perhaps, in the middle of the 20th century. In comparison with old photographs of its facades, one can detect the failure of windows, the change in the columns of the portico, the absence of two attics. Another small building that has survived from the monastery complex is the "gatehouse" - a simple one-story red brick building. The "stone parish public chapel" has not been preserved.

Outbuildings

A one-story stone outbuilding with a basement in the southern part of the estate of the merchant Vorobev. The three-dimensional composition of the building is a massive cubic volume, decorated with decorative elements characteristic of the "brick" style: paired relief pilasters at the corners, a multi-profile brick cornice, a wide frieze with figured teeth, a high parapet wall pierced by the rhythm of narrow arched openings.

The cellar has two entrances. The entrance group leads to the basement from the eastern side in the form of a narrow descent, covered with a bow vault. The entrance is closed by a double-leaf metal door.

Doors in the northern wall lead to the upper tier. The walls of the cellar are made of bricks, the coverings are made of tin on wooden rafters.

WITH south side the stable building adjoins the building. The building is closed by later wooden buildings. Restoration work was not carried out.

Stable

It is located in the southern part of the estate and adjoins the outbuilding with its northern end. Its eastern façade faces the courtyard.

The volume of the stable consists of a log cabin, rectangular in plan, covered with a gable roof, as well as a single-slope canopy adjoining it from the east side. The ends of the building are covered with blank brick walls - firewalls.

A characteristic detail of the building is a canopy resting on a log house and three wooden columns imitating the classical forms of the Doric order. The cornice of the canopy is decorated with a carved valance.

The floors are plank, the roof of the canopy is slate, the beams are metal on wooden rafters.

An example of an outbuilding with the use of elements of classicism and wooden folk architecture in the decorative design.

At present, wooden walls have been built under the basement. Restoration work was not carried out.

Manufactory store Bukharin

The building was built in the commercial part of the city (Lenin St., 122) at the end of the 19th century. The year of construction has not been established. Restoration work was not carried out.

The building is located in the historical center of the city and is part of the northern front of the street. Lenin. It is included in the panorama of commercial buildings along with the Gostiny Dvor building.

The volumetric composition of the house is extremely simple. This is a compact one-story volume, elongated along the axis perpendicular to the street line. The southern façade, treated as the main one, is not large in length. Its composition is symmetrical. The central axis is highlighted by a wide doorway and emphasized by the completion of the wall in the form of an attic. Two window openings are symmetrically located on both sides of the house. The openings are decorated with embossed architraves using patterned bricks. It runs along the bottom with protruding shoulder blades, passing at the top into a relief cornice. The profile of the cornice of the same pattern runs along the eastern facade of the building, the composition of which is asymmetrical. A slightly protruding shoulder blade divides it into two unequal parts. The left one has the same decorative elements as on the main facade, while in the compositional right part, other motifs of brick decor of a more simplified pattern appear. The other two facades are devoid of decor and openings.

Three entrances lead to the building: one from the side of the street and two from the eastern facade. The transverse wall divides the rectangular plan into two unequal parts, connected by an opening.

The building is brick, on a continuous rubble foundation, the roof is pitched, slate on wooden rafters.

The building is an example of a compact building for commercial purposes in the forms of the "brick style" of the 19th century.

Shop Gerasimov

The building was built in the second half of the 19th century in the shopping area of ​​the historic city center on the street. Lenin, 124. It was owned by the merchant Gerasimov. The merchant's shop was located on the first floor, and the second was intended for housing.

The building is located in the historical center of Kamensk-Uralsky and is part of a shopping complex on the street. Lenin. Opened to the street northern facade. The volumetric composition of the house is simple. This is a two-story building with a pitched roof, elongated along the axis, perpendicular to Lenina Street. The second floor is much lower than the first. This feature of the three-dimensional composition is reflected on the facades. The southern main facade of the building is placed along the red building line and is connected by an insert to the "Books" store.

The composition of the facade is symmetrical and marked by a small length. The central axis is punctuated by a wide doorway that organizes the main entrance to the building. It is decorated with a wide architraves with brick semi-columns. On both sides of the entrance, two arched windows are symmetrically framed by figured architraves. The symmetry is also emphasized on the second floor by a wide window opening, which is flanked by narrower openings that are currently blocked. The openings are decorated with semi-columns. The corners of the building are accentuated with large rusticated shoulder blades. The decoration of the eastern façade is identical, but its composition, marked by great length, is devoid of symmetry. This is emphasized by the mixing of the entrance (now laid) to the right, and the figured rusticated shoulder blade to the left of the center. Across the entire field of walls there is a horizontal rod separating the floors, as well as a figured brick cornice. Yard facades are devoid of decorative decoration.

In accordance with the volumetric composition of the building, its plan is an elongated rectangle. On the ground floor, there is a large trading hall with two columns in the middle, separated by a main wall from the extension, which houses the staircase connecting the floors and small utility rooms. On the second floor above the trading floor, the premises are smaller, separated by partitions. Main entrance the building is organized from the street, besides it there are three more economic entrances.

The original interior decoration has not been preserved.

The building is brick on a continuous rubble foundation. The ceilings are wooden, the roof is pitched on wooden rafters, covered with slate.

Possessing high architectural literacy and culture, when planning and building up Kamensk, he took into account the picturesque relief of the territory, the presence of two rivers, as well as the nature surrounding our city. Including administrative, factory, religious, residential buildings in the development of the area, the architect achieved the creation of a beautiful architectural ensemble.

In the second half of the 19th century, there was no large-scale construction, similar to the reconstruction of the beginning of the century, in the city. The main developer of the city was the merchants and the emerging petty bourgeoisie. Their tastes were reflected, first of all, in the residential and religious buildings of Kamensk. They are characterized by a local variety of the Art Nouveau style, which then dominated the whole world. Striking examples are the estate of the merchant Vorobyov, the estate of the plant superintendent.

In a word, the city - the center of commercial, administrative, political life - presented its own requirements for the appearance of buildings.

Of course, not all old residential buildings are distinguished by the elegance of forms. Many of them do not have high artistic qualities. These are not the creations of the capital's architects. However, each of them perfectly characterizes the Russian provincial architecture of the XIX century, each of them speaks of the tastes of the local merchant class.

Holy Trinity Cathedral

Religious buildings were an important and necessary at that time belonging to every settlement in Russia. In Russian settlements, Orthodox churches were built in the first place. In small settlements there was usually one parish Orthodox church, in large ones there were several. The main one was called the cathedral. Churches, as a rule, were located on squares and elevations and had a circular view.

Their colorful attire set the tone for the appearance of the entire building and made the settlements elegant and festive. The domes and domes, the verticals of the bell towers, visible from afar, served as a kind of identification beacons in the panoramas, emphasizing the change in relief, the routing of access roads and the location of the main compositional centers.

The Holy Trinity Church, with its static balanced forms and the whiteness of plastered stone walls, visible through the layers of different-sized production workshops, overpasses and chimneys with smoke, was in this case a powerful means of solving the urban composition. Architecturally, it dominated the buildings and, uniting the space, dominated it.

History of Holy Trinity Church

IN AND. Ermakov writes in materials for March 18-26, 1979 that "the building of the former Holy Trinity Church in the Kamensky factory ... is a model of an architectural structure in general."

"The beginning of the Kamensky parish dates back to 1700 (the Kamensky plant is being built in the same year) ... The first wooden church, built in 1701 in honor of the Three Hierarchs with a chapel of the righteous Artemy Verkholsky, burned down in 1768. Rebuilt in 1770, the second wooden church in honor of the same saints ... also burned down in a fire in 1815."

But since "this temple was built from a pine forest, which had previously been lying and flabby a lot, as a result of which it prematurely fell into disrepair, then back in 1790 permission was given to build a stone three-altar church - in the name of the Most Holy Life-Giving Trinity and aisles: with on the right side in honor of the Three Hierarchs, and on the left - Artemy Verkholsky. In 1805, side churches were consecrated. In 1813 - the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity. In 1828, the side chapels and the bell tower were rebuilt. A second floor was erected above the side altars, in which three side altars were arranged : in the name of the Icon Not Made by Hands of the Savior, the Tikhvin Icon of the Mother of God, the Holy Prophet Elijah. And two more chapels were added to the lower floor: on the south side - in honor of the Exaltation of the Honorable and Life-Giving Cross of the Lord, and on the north - in the name of the Holy Great Martyr Paraskeva. "

Thus, "the currently existing temple is eight-altar, built with the diligence and dependence of the parishioners. The iconostases in the lower church are smooth, entirely gilded."

The temple was surrounded by a stone fence with openwork cast-iron gratings made at the Kamensky factory.

By the age of 20, the implementation of Malakhov's first projects related to religious construction dates back. The church of the Kamensky factory, reconstructed by Malakhov, has survived to our time.

From numerous archival materials, it turns out that permission to build a stone church to replace the wooden one that burned down in 1768 was given in 1790. In 1792, its laying took place, but in 1803, the rough-finished church collapsed. Its original appearance can be judged from the drawing of those years.

After numerous petitions, the construction of the church was resumed according to a new project, and in 1813 the church was consecrated.

A few years later, there was a threat of destruction of the new bell tower. It was decided to dismantle it and build a new bell tower on a new foundation, and at the same time to reconstruct the entire church, which had become cramped by that time.

Reconstruction of the Holy Trinity Church by M.P. Malakhov

The chief architect of the Yekaterinburg Department of Mining Plants M.P. took up the creation of a new project. Malakhov. His talent and craftsmanship of the workers gave life to a real architectural monument that has survived to this day. The project was completed in 1821. The architect enriched the plasticity of the church with two porticos from the south and from the north, built a refectory on the second floor. But the main thing was to replace the old inexpressive bell tower with a new one, which was supposed to become a symbol of both the plant and the city. The new bell tower was decorated with large arched three-part windows, a majestic Corinthian rotunda with a spherical dome. The bell tower ended not with a spire, but with a four-sided obelisk.

In 1828, in full accordance with it, the side chapels and the bell tower were rebuilt, the whole church was "completely finished, plastered inside and out."

The church owned a trading area - benches and scales, it owned a rather vast territory, which apparently included shops along the current Lenin Street, part of Cathedral Square, a shelter building - stables were located here, as well as the territory towards the Kooperator store. Somewhere there was also a small church cemetery.

The factory church in the name of the Holy Trinity was undoubtedly an important architectural element in the ensemble of the square.

The appearance of the factory temple is clearly visible in the photographs of the late 19th century. According to the memoirs of today's old people who visited the church as children, on the south side ("from the side of Bolshaya Moskovskaya Street") the church had a small gate, near which there was a cast-iron monument. And from the west - a large gate with two small gates along the edges. There were also two monuments here: one four-meter, marble, with four angels trumpeting in all directions of the world, and the second - a cast-iron bust of Emperor Alexander - the liberator from serfdom.

"The combination of the old, preserved early classical features, the main part of the temple with the new, already decided in the heyday of the style, gives a special charm inherent in the best buildings of the Kazakov school. A complex silhouette, a variety of porticos, a squadron of aisles, a powerful, and at the same time, slender rotunda of the bell tower with Corinthian columns against the backdrop of pylons, an arcade with a high attic, facilitated by semicircular openings, which developed a similar motif of the Church of the Savior, as well as a major tonality, put the Trinity Church in Kamensk among the best works of religious architecture of the first third of the 19th century not only in the Urals, but also in throughout Russia."

House-estate of the merchant Vorobyov

The estate of the merchant Vorobyov is located in the historical center of the city on the right bank of the factory pond, among low-rise estate buildings. It occupies an important site in terms of urban planning, closing the perspective of Karl Marx Street, which runs along the axis of the factory dam, at the intersection with Lenin Ultsa, 6 (Bolshaya Moskovskaya).

The plot of the estate has a rectangular shape and develops from north to south in the depth of the block. The estate includes a residential building, set on the red line of the street. Lenin, as well as a complex of outbuildings (a cellar and a stable), located in the courtyard, to the south of a residential building.

Put in one line, a residential building and a complex of outbuildings form the western border of the estate. If the residential building is facing this direction with a veranda, then the cellar and the stable are blank walls. To the east, towards the courtyard, all entrances to the buildings are oriented. To the north is the main facade of a residential building with two main entrances.

The architecture of the buildings of the manor complex is distinguished by a variety of stylistic forms, typical for that time. If a residential building uses stylized baroque forms typical of the Urals, elements of artistic metal, the building of the cellar is made in the "brick" style, and elements of classicism and folk wooden architecture are traced in the architecture of the stable.

Homestead dimensions: 40x100 m.

An example of a manor complex, in the decorative design of which various stylistic forms are used, which is typical for this period of architectural development.

Includes a two-storey residential stone building and outbuildings. In the architecture of the house, large plastic details stand out - trihedral bay windows, a semicircular pediment of the side facade and the main facade richly decorated with stucco. Profiled bricks and figured masonry, stucco and decorations made of tin, cast iron - all these details, which came from folk architecture and other sources, corresponded to the influences of the then architectural fashion.

The warehouse buildings of the estate, fences and gates with patterned cast-iron gates have been lost. Restoration work was not carried out.

At the end of the 19th century, the architectural appearance of Kamensk took shape under the influence of the tastes of the petty bourgeoisie and the merchant class. It was then that brick buildings of various shapes and sizes arose on the city streets, which now determine the flavor of the former Bolshaya Moskovskaya Street (now Lenin Street). It is impossible to imagine a city in the Urals without a local variety of Art Nouveau - the style that then dominated the whole world. The clearest example of this style in Kamensk is former home grain merchant Vorobyov.

Cultural heritage Kamensk-Uralsky are distinguished by a rare combination of historical and architectural rarities. Three centuries are reflected in the appearance of 80 monuments of history and culture. Among them are unique architectural ensembles and ordinary buildings associated with important historical events for the city.

The architecture of Kamensk-Uralsky absorbed various historical eras and art styles. These are buildings erected in the best traditions of Russian classicism, and richly decorated manor and public buildings of the eclectic era, and interesting examples of Art Nouveau architecture.

Almost all the monuments are located in the historical center of the city, the planning core of which is the Cathedral Square with the historical and architectural complex of the Kamensky state-owned factory, the buildings of the Gostiny Dvor and the Holy Trinity Cathedral.

The town-planning composition of the city center is also notable for its artistic merits. The main square has two distinct planning axes. One passes over her northern border, where the ensemble of the factory complex is located. The other is on the south, to which the volume of the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity gravitates, and the buildings of the Gostiny Dvor open onto it.

Architect M.P. Malakhov drew up a project for the reconstruction of the Kamensky plant and, to the best of his ability and ability, carried out this plan. As a result, the city acquired a clear planning structure.

Possessing high architectural literacy and culture, when planning and building up Kamensk, he took into account the picturesque relief of the territory, the presence of two rivers, as well as the nature surrounding our city. Including administrative, factory, religious, residential buildings in the development of the squares, the architect achieved the creation of a beautiful architectural ensemble.

M. Malakhov, in his own way, understood and created such types of buildings as the office of the Kamensky state-owned plant, a hospital, food warehouses, the Holy Trinity Church and others, in which the clarity of plans, the modesty of the architectural solution, the combination of high artistic taste with the economy of construction are often striking.

So, the first half of the 19th century - the time of the activity of the architects of the Urals - is the most striking period in the pre-revolutionary history of the architectural and construction art of this region. Such a qualitative leap in this area was not observed either earlier or later.

In the second half of the nineteenth century. any large construction, similar to the reconstruction of the beginning of the century, was not carried out in the city. The main developer of the city was the merchants and the emerging petty bourgeoisie. Their tastes were reflected, first of all, in the residential and religious buildings of Kamensk. They are characterized by a local variety of the Art Nouveau style, which then dominated the whole world. Striking examples are the estate of the merchant Vorobyov, the estate of the plant superintendent.

In a word, the city - the center of commercial, administrative, political life - presented its own requirements for the appearance of buildings.

Of course, not all old residential buildings are distinguished by the elegance of forms. Many of them do not have high artistic qualities. These are not the creations of the capital's architects. However, each of them perfectly characterizes the Russian provincial architecture of the 19th century, each of them speaks of the tastes of the local merchant class.

The Old City… A lot has been written and said about it. It always has a particle of the human soul, that unique past that will always be dear to us. Attitude to the past is an indicator of moral health. Authoritative representatives of the past in our time - monuments - a derivative of the word "memory", without which, as you know, there is no people. Monuments belong not only and not so much to us - they are left to the modern generation for storage by our ancestors in order to be transferred to their intended purpose - the future generation.

Kamensk-Uralsky is a city in the Sverdlovsk region, which is conveniently located at the confluence of the Kamenka and Iset rivers. This is far from Small town- It ranks third in terms of population in the region. The presence in the city of an architectural monument of federal significance and more than forty monuments of regional significance makes Kamensk-Uralsky one of the historical cities of Russia. Would you like to see historical city but nowhere to stay? Rent and enjoy the most interesting excursions and impressive travels!

Well, we will start our tour from the city center. Here are preserved ancient buildings, most of which were built by the famous architect M.P. Malakhov at the beginning of the 19th century. Old Kamensk is crossed by the former Moscow road - today's Lenin Street, along which the main architectural and historical sights of the city are located. Particularly interesting are the management building of the Kamensky state-owned iron foundry in the style of classicism, the storage facilities that we mentioned above, the Palace of Culture of the Ural aluminum plant in the style of Stalinist neoclassicism.

Here, the amazing merchant buildings of Kamensk of the 19th century have been almost completely preserved: the estate of the merchant Kosyakov, the shop of the Molchanov merchants, the house of the Grachev merchants with unusual turrets, the merchant's shop, the manor of the plant superintendent, the gostiny yard, the Bukharev manufacturing shop and the Gerasimov shop. Also of interest on Lenin Street are the building of an orphanage of the late 19th century, the building of the volost government, built of red brick and luxuriously decorated with patterns and turrets, the Tronin house in the so-called “false Gothic” style.

In addition, in the city you can see the factory school, which consists of two buildings built in the middle of the 19th century, the hospital building of the Kamensky factory of the 19th century, which today is a two-story building with wooden verandas in the style of classicism, the railway station building is a historical and architectural monument of the middle XX century and others.

During the walk, turn into the “Town of aluminum workers”. This is a small area of ​​residential buildings built in 1937: Aluminevaya, Isetskaya, Kamenskaya, Stroiteley streets. And also admire the residential buildings on Krasnye Orlov Street. These are the mansions of wealthy citizens, mostly merchants, which were built in the late 19th - early 20th centuries.

Pay special attention to a rather unusual house that adorns the intersection of Krasnye Orlov and Revolutionary streets. This is a pentagonal, or, as experts say, "five-facade" brick house of the late 19th century. Who lived here is still a mystery. It must be interesting to stay in such old houses. If such a desire arose, we recommend renting an apartment for a day in Kamensk-Uralsky on these streets.

The bridges connecting the city are also beautiful. For example, railroad bridge across the Iset River and an arched brick bridge across the Kamenka River, built in 1903. The dam of the city pond has its own history. Its construction began in 1700. Since then, it has been reconstructed many times, and today the retaining wall of the 19th century on the right bank of the bridge has been preserved.

And now let's talk a little more about the largest estates of that time, decorating Lenin Street. The estate of the Shamarin breeders is a huge elegant mansion. The central facade is divided into three parts, and in the middle there was a wide passage. In the courtyard of the house, samples of industrial buildings of the late 19th century have been preserved - the two-story buildings of the Shamarin shoe factory.

The estate of the Zyryanov merchants is a residential brick house and a shop built in 1870. This is a real example of the so-called "early" brick style. Outside, the buildings have a simple form and decor, while decorative elements have been preserved inside. The estate of the Vorobyov merchants is picturesquely located on the right bank of the factory pond. Here you will see a two-story stone house, an outbuilding, a grain warehouse and stables. The architecture of these buildings is varied. The baroque forms typical for the Urals and elements of artistic metal are used in the residential building, the cellar building is built of brick, and the stable is made in the classical style with elements of wooden architecture.

Preserved in the city and numerous cathedrals and monasteries. The Transfiguration Convent was founded in 1860. The complex of the monastery consists of the Church of the Transfiguration, a refectory and a gatehouse. There used to be a chapel here. All the buildings of the monastery were repeatedly reconstructed and have survived to our time already changed.

Holy Trinity Cathedral was built even earlier - in 1808, but later also rebuilt. This beautiful temple with a unique bell tower crowned with a dome, has become a real symbol of the city! Another holy place in Kamensk-Uralsky is the Church of the Intercession, built in 1883.