Main entrance to Chapaevsky park

odd side.
Behind house number 59, Chapaevsky Park begins, which arose on the site of the Malaya All Saints Grove. Now all of it southern part occupies one of the tallest buildings in Moscow - the Triumph Palace residential complex.

But before talking about the park, I want to show photos of another pre-war residential house number 57, which is listed on Leningradsky Prospekt, but stands in the depths, behind the house number 59.


In what years, who and for whom it was built, I have not yet found information. I would be glad if someone writes in the comments about this house.
Addition. It's hard to believe, but this house was built in 1920. Moreover, this part of it in the photo below was above 4 floors. This follows from the symbols on the plan of 1952 (see plan), and the other part of it was lower, it was rebuilt, apparently after 1952.


Now back to the park. At the end of the 19th century, the park was part of the territory for the crippled and elderly warriors, and soon the park was opened for residents of the village of All Saints.
The former head of this shelter Merchansky D.V. so he talked about this park - "this grove took on the appearance of a pretty beautiful park, at the entrance to which a completely different picture unfolds to the viewer: everywhere there are paths, alleys carefully carved in all directions, beautiful flower beds, greenhouses and a lot of trees.
Not far from this park, in the village of All Saints, there was the Fraternal Cemetery. It was intended for war victims who died in Moscow hospitals. Cemetery planning project of 1916 shows what it was supposed to take most Chapaevsky park. Here in the comments you can see this draft plan of 1916 superimposed on a modern map.
Interestingly, according to this plan, Catholic, Jewish and Mohammedan cemeteries were to be located along Leningradka. Whether this project was realized or not, I don’t know, the opinions of historians and local historians differ, at least according to the plan of Moscow in 1926. The Bratsk cemetery stretches only to Chapaevsky lane.
For the sake of truth, it must be said that, nevertheless, there was a cemetery on the territory of the park - either disabled soldiers, or dead aviators (see for more details). Now in its place is part of the Trium-Palace residential complex.
In the mid-30s of the last century, they remembered the park, it was expanded to the south and here in 1936 the Park of Culture and Leisure was opened Leningrad region. For clarity, a map of 1942 and 1952.


Various attractions were arranged in the park - giant steps, swings, slides, a shooting gallery, there was a race track and a velodrome, a library-reading room, there was a technology pavilion in which all kinds of circles worked: aircraft modeling, radio, photographic and automobile. There is also a radio station here. In another pavilion there was a game room for kids, a bicycle garage, chess, checkers, and billiards.


For sports there was a football field, a tennis and croquet court, a skating ring and two gorosh grounds.
In addition, the park housed a 120-seat summer theater, a 630-seat sound cinema, and a dance floor.
It occupied an area of ​​12 hectares, along the perimeter the park was fenced with a wooden fence and had three entrances: the main entrance from Leningradka and two from Chapaevsky lane. and from Chapaevsky passage (there was one), there was a fountain at each entrance, and from the side of Chapaevsky lane, a twelve-seater passenger plane was also installed (how!).


This photo shows how many pines grew in the park, indeed, Pinery. Where they all went is not clear, they may have been cut down during the war, when anti-tank trenches were being dug nearby ().
After the war, for some time, the park was still in operation. Apparently, then V.I. Stalin liked him, who at that time was the commander of the VMO Air Force (since 1948) and, on his orders, the construction of the sports center of the House of Officers began here in 1950. Under the frame of the building, it was decided to use a dismantled huge hangar brought from Germany, it was assembled, but they could not find cranes for installation in place. As a result, the construction was frozen, and after the arrest of Vasily Iosifovich in 1953, it was completely abandoned. Photo 1953


In the 1980s, the construction of the House of Culture of the Znamya Truda Aviation Association began at the same place, which was also not completed. Although I myself lived not far from the park, I visited it very rarely in my youth, but I remember well the moment when the residents objected to the development of the park and in the end the park defended and some part of the park stood for a long time fenced off by a fence that was broken in many places and there climbed all and sundry.
Other times came and the park again attracted the attention of business sharks in the face of Donstroy, again there were protests from residents, but at that time everything was already decided by money and it was not possible to defend the park. As a result, in 2001, the construction of the huge Triumph Palace residential complex began, and with the completion of construction in 2006, its territory was almost halved.
In 2008, the park was renovated, the paths were tiled, benches were placed, and the lighting was updated.

On one of the alleys of the park installed commemorative sign in honor of the pilots who died on the Khodynka field and renamed it the Aviators' Park.

Now maples grow in the park - holly and ash-leaved, poplar, birch, linden. Of the shrubs, lilac, jasmine, hawthorn, mountain ash, etc. are common.


Let's return to Leningradsky Prospekt and see how its development has changed.
preserved old photo this segment of the avenue from the square. Marina Raskova in the direction of metro station Airport. The photo is dated 1940 - 1950, but as it turned out during the discussion here, the photo is pre-war.


According to the presented picture and the map of 1952, it follows that until the early 1950s, Chapaevsky Park was separated from the highway by one-two-story houses with lilac gardens and vegetable gardens.
Double decker house number 61a(not preserved) at the corner of the Leningrad highway and Chapaevsky lane - former people's house village of All Saints. People's houses are popular institutions in pre-revolutionary Russia that appeared in the second half of the 19th century. Usually, the People's Houses housed a library with a reading room, a theater and lecture hall, a Sunday school, a tea shop, and a bookshop. People's houses were created at the expense of zemstvos, self-government bodies, literacy societies and individuals. In 1914 there were 220 people's houses in Russia.
In 1917, the sub-district committee of the RSDLP (b) and the Revolutionary Committee of the All Saints sub-district met here, as stated by a memorial plaque hanging on the house. The chairman of the district committee was Shlyapnikov Yakov Ermolaevich, a member of the RSDLP since 1904. Subsequently, the house became residential, one of its residents recalls that the entrance to the second floor of the pulp, where she lived, was from the avenue, and to the first from opposite side. Then the house was adapted for a bakery. The house stood until the Olympics, when it was demolished along with the Prosthetic Plant during the expansion of Leningradsky Prospekt.
According to the memoirs of the old-timers of the district, there was a garment factory in the house behind it (what kind of factory is not clear, but not Timashev), and in the one-story house in front of it there was a bakery.
Before the war, such double-decker trolleybuses ran along the Leningrad Highway, my grandmother often told me about them. In the picture, the trolleybus is driving right past Chapaevsky Park, in the background is the white house - the building of the prosthetic factory, which can also be seen in the previous picture. Photo 1938


The photograph of 1956 shows the "Beer-Water" pavilion, standing on the corner of Leningradka and Chapaevsky Park. I already remember this pavilion, my father liked to go there when we went for a walk in the park.


I don’t know exactly when the Park of Culture and Leisure closed, but I don’t remember the rides anymore, but this pavilion stuck in my memory. Interesting memories of this pavilion.
On the site of the "Beer-Water" pavilion in the late 50s or at the very beginning of the 60s, a stylish cafe with a large visor was built, which was popularly called "Cap", "Ear", "Puck" (architect P. I. Reihinshtein , and engineer M.F. Drozdov). Old-timers recall - "Coffee cost 6 kopecks a small cup, with cognac 13 kopecks." Photo 1961


Gradually, the wooden buildings along the avenue were demolished, and the cafe stood in this form until February-March 1977, until its visor broke off ( although according to rumors, the strength of the building was calculated in Ilyushin Design Bureau), and by the 1980 Olympics, with the expansion of the avenue, it was completely demolished. Photo 1963


But in this photo of 1964 behind the cafe you can clearly see the "People's House", which I wrote about above.


In 1987, busts of aircraft designer A.S. Yakovlev (sculptor M. K. Anikushin, architect A. A. Zavarzin).

and scientist Stroev N.S. (sculptor I.M. Rukavishnikov, architect G.V. Makarevich).

Continuation.

Moscow, m. "Sokol"
The area of ​​the park is 6 hectares.
Chapaevsky Park is an object cultural heritage(product landscape gardening art) of regional importance.
In the 1970-1980s. busts of the aircraft designer A.S. Yakovlev and the scientist in the field of aviation N.S. Stroev were installed at the entrances to the park from the side of Leningradsky Prospekt.
Some trees are 80-100 years old or more. Squirrels live in the park.

In the 19th century on the site of the park was the Small All Saints Grove, which received its name from the village of All Saints.
On its outskirts, in 1878, the Alexander Shelter was founded for the crippled and elderly soldiers of the Russian-Turkish war. It was located to the east of the modern park.
The grove was landscaped and turned into a park, which by 1899 was open to the public. According to contemporaries, "everywhere there are paths carefully carved in all directions, alleys, beautiful flower beds, greenhouses and a lot of trees."
After the revolution, the park ended up within the boundaries of Moscow. According to the plan of 1919, a cemetery was located in the southern part of Gymnazichesky Lane (now Chapaevsky). There are several versions as to who was good there. According to one version, test pilots were buried here. On one of the alleys of the park in 2008, a memorial sign was erected in honor of the pilots who died on the Khodynka field.
In 1936, the park was expanded to the south at the expense of the territory former cemetery and became the Children's Park of Culture and Leisure of the Leningrad Region. It occupied 12 hectares of pine forest.
There were 4 entrances to the park. The main one is from the side of the Leningradskoe sh. Each entrance had a fountain. Next to the main entrance were a reading room, a 630-seat sound cinema, and a dance floor. There was a sports town in the park with football fields and two croquet courts. There was a pavilion with a game library for kids, chess, checkers, and billiards near the sports campus. The park also had a velodrome and an autodrome.
At the entrance to the park from the side from Chapaevsky passage there was a pavilion of technology, in which several circles operated: aircraft modeling, radio, photographic and automobile. Opposite the entrance was a summer stage with 120 seats. There were rides in the park. At the entrance from Chapaevsky Lane there was a twelve-seater passenger plane.
In 1950, in the park, by order of Vasily Stalin, the construction of a sports center for the House of Officers of the Air Force of the Moscow Military District began. However, in 1952 its construction was suspended.
In the 1980s. on the site of the ruins of an abandoned sports center, the construction of the House of Culture of the Znamya Labor Aviation Association began, which was also not completed. The abandoned building has become an object of industrial tourism.
In 2001, on the site of an abandoned construction site, the construction of the Triumph Palace multi-storey complex began, which was supposed to be the highest residential building Europe. The house was commissioned in 2006.

1. Map of the area in 1925
2. Chapaevsky park today.
3. Alexander shelter, 1883-1890 Photo from the book Views of Moscow in the 19th and 21st Centuries: Comparisons and Comments.

Leningradsky Ave., 71a. The last one built in the 1930s. fire Department. Built in 1937	Peschanaya St., 7. Former Hospital civil aviation. The building was built in 1937 by architects I.A. Ivanov-Shits, N.V. Hoffman-Pylaev. Object of cultural heritage.	Peschanaya st., 7. Former Civil Aviation Hospital. On the console-pedestal, hanging over the window of the central staircase, a sculptural group of pioneer aircraft modellers was installed.
Peschanaya st., 7. Former Civil Aviation Hospital	Luigi Longo st., 4. Dormitory of the Zhukovsky Academy. Built in 1962	Chapaevsky park. Previously, this place was the Alexander shelter for the crippled and elderly soldiers of the Russian-Turkish war. The area is 13.2 hectares.

Address: ave. Leningradsky, 57A

How to get to Chapaevsky Park: st. metro: Sokol, Airport; bus No. 195, trolleybuses: No. 6, 12, 43, 65, 70, 82 to the stops "Marina Raskova Square" or "Liza Chaikina Street"

Chapaevsky Park (Park of Aviators) is located in the Khoroshevsky district of the SAO of Moscow. The park covers an area of ​​6 hectares, and is located at the intersection of Leningradsky Prospect and Chapaevsky Lane. Chapaevsky Park is an object of cultural heritage of regional significance as a work of landscape gardening art. The territory of the park is managed by the Park Fili holding.

In the 19th century, the Small All Saints Grove was located here, and next to it there was the village of All Saints. In 1878, on the eastern side of the current park, the Alexander Shelter was built for the soldiers of the Russian-Turkish war. In 1898, part of the wild Malaya All Saints Grove was given to the shelter. This site has been cultivated and turned into a park open to the public. According to contemporaries, it was a nice place with neat paths, beautiful flower beds and greenhouses.

In 1919, the territory of the park was already part of the city limits. On the plans of this time, to the south of the park, a cemetery of disabled soldiers is depicted. Who was buried in this cemetery is not exactly known. According to one version, these are the pilots who died on the Khodynka field (from the beginning of the 20th century until 2003, the airfield named after T. Frunze functioned on the Khodynka field. During the tests, more than 100 pilots died on it, among whom was the famous Valery Chkalov), on the other - the victims of the "red terror".

The cemetery is no longer marked on later maps. Perhaps it ceased to exist in 1936, when they decided to expand the park in southbound, and increase its area to 12 hectares. The renovated park was named children's park culture and recreation of the Leningrad region. The opening took place in June 1936.

Three entrances led to the park, the main one was located from the side of the current Leninsky Prospekt (then - the highway). The main entrance was decorated with a wooden arch, on both sides of which there were two ticket offices. Also in the area of ​​​​the main entrance there were: a reading room, a cinema with 630 seats, a buffet and a dance floor. There was a fountain next to each entrance. An alley led from the cinema deep into the park, on one side of it there was a climbing vine, and on the other - a shooting range and children's slides. Also in the park there was a sports town with croquet grounds and football fields. Nearby there was a children's play pavilion, pavilions where you could play billiards, chess and cones. Opposite the entrance, a summer stage for 120 seats was arranged, a little further there were playgrounds for playing towns, a tennis court and a sketting ring. There was also an autodrome with a velodrome in the park, as well as its own broadcasting radio center.

Visitors to the park could ride the rides: giant steps, all kinds of swings and rocking chairs. In addition, a twelve-seat passenger plane was installed on the territory of the park, a shower and a doctor's office worked. Food could be bought in special tents, and there was also a pavilion where toys were sold.

During the years of the Great Patriotic War part of the park was cut down for firewood, and already in peacetime, the adjacent territories began to be actively built up. In 1950, by order of the son of Joseph Stalin, Vasily Stalin, they began to build a sports center in the park for the House of Officers of the Air Force of the North Military District. This object was never completed. Initially, construction was suspended due to lack of money, and then Vasily Stalin was arrested. The arrest took place after the death of his father. Vasily was accused of making slanderous statements aimed at discrediting the leaders of the Communist Party. In addition, during the investigation, he was accused of abuse of office, assault, intrigue, as a result of which people died. Vasily pleaded guilty to all, even completely ridiculous charges, which is not surprising, given the methods by which the investigation was conducted. He himself blamed himself for not completing the construction, while destroying part of the park infrastructure and green spaces.

Later, the architect Karo Halabyan designed the Sokol Palace of Culture, which was planned to be built on the foundation of the sports center. But this project also remained unfulfilled. A resolution "On the elimination of architectural excesses in design and construction" was issued, and the project was rejected. Then the park was renamed after Chapaevsky Lane, which ran along the border of the park.

In 1970-1980, busts of the aircraft designer A.S. Yakovlev and scientist N.S. Stroeva. At the site of the unfinished building, they tried to build a House of Culture of the Znamya Truda Aviation Association, but this construction site was also abandoned, and it became a place of industrial tourism. In 2001, the ruins were demolished, and instead they began to build a multi-storey complex "Triumph Palace". It was planned that this would be the most high building in Europe. This prospect caused concern among environmentalists and citizens, who feared that the park would eventually be destroyed. However, the developer promised that Chapaevsky Park would be landscaped after construction was completed. With a delay of two years, the developer fulfilled his promise, but still, as a result, the park area was reduced from 13 to 6 hectares - more than twice.

The renovated park opened in 2008. Since there are various aviation enterprises and universities, it was decided to call it the Aviators' Park. A memorial stone appeared on the territory in honor of the pilots who died on the Khodynka field. A proposal was considered to install an architectural composition in honor of the "Nesterov loop" in the park, as well as to perpetuate aerobatic team"Russian Knights" and the Il-2 attack aircraft, but it never came to that. The name of the park has not been officially changed either - it still appears in the documents as Chapaevsky.

The park now has a children's and sports grounds, as well as a dog walking area. Benches and artificial lighting have been installed on the territory, flower beds and flower beds have been laid out, paths from paving slabs. The park is surrounded by hedges around the perimeter. Maples, poplars, lindens, birches, spruces, pines and elms grow within the boundaries of the park. Some trees are over 80-100 years old. Of the shrubs, lilac, mock orange, hawthorn and mountain ash predominate. You can often find squirrels here. In the summer of 2017, a meeting was held between residents of the Khoroshevsky District and government officials. At the meeting, plans for the improvement of the park were discussed, and it is possible that the results will soon be seen.

Previously, this place was the Alexander shelter for the crippled and elderly soldiers of the Russian-Turkish war.

The area is 13.2 hectares.
The layout of the park is free-regular. Among green spaces Norway maples and ash-leaved maples predominate; poplar, birch, linden are numerous. Of the shrubs, lilac, jasmine, hawthorn, and mountain ash are common.

An object of cultural heritage of regional significance.

Former PKiO of the Leningrad region.

In 1950-1952, on the site of the current Triumph Palace, on the initiative of Vasily Stalin, the construction of a sports center for the house of officers of the MVO Air Force was carried out.

From 1914 to the 1930s - part of the Moscow city fraternal cemetery.
Before that, there was the Small All Saints Grove.

From the protocol of the interrogation of Vasily Stalin:
“In 1950, on the territory of the Park of Culture and Leisure of the Leningradsky District of Moscow, on my order, the construction of the so-called sports center of the House of Officers of the Air Force of the MVO began. Having received the consent of the Minister of War Vasilevsky for this construction, I achieved, through the former Secretary of the Moscow Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the Chairman of the Moscow City Council, G. M. Popov, the transfer of the territory of the Park of Culture and Recreation of the Leningrad Region for the construction site, in connection with which this park was closed for use workers. Colonel-General Beloskokov also supported my initiative to build a sports center, proposing to use a hangar dismantled in Germany as a frame for the building. The metal structures of the hangar were delivered from Germany to Moscow. It took a lot of time and money. When, finally, the frame of the hangar was delivered to Moscow, here, too, during its unloading, delivery to the construction site and installation, we had a lot of trouble, since neither the Air Force nor the Military Ministry had such powerful cranes that could to raise individual metal parts of the structures of this hangar. In 1952, this building was also “mothballed”, as we did not have enough funds for further construction. As far as I remember, more than 5 million rubles were spent on this construction. In this case, I am also guilty of the fact that, having taken away from the workers of the Leningradsky district of Moscow their favorite place of recreation - the park of culture and recreation, I destroyed the cinema, destroying green spaces and not building a sports center, I actually became like a "dog in the hay" .

The fraternal cemetery for the soldiers who fell in the war of 1914 and for the sisters of mercy of the Moscow communities "was created during the First World War at the village of Vsekhsvyatskoye, near Petrogradskoye Highway (now Leningradsky Prospekt, near the Sokol metro station"). The decision to create the Fraternal Cemetery was made on October 22, 1914 at a meeting of the Moscow City Council and the Commission of Vowels on Activities Caused by the War of 1914, on the initiative of Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna. The fraternal cemetery was created "for the burial of participants in the war of 1914 - officers and lower ranks, who were directly involved in actions against the enemy and members of military and public sanitary organizations who died in the line of duty in the theater of operations." A special cemetery was established for the burial of the sisters of mercy of the Moscow communities. For the cemetery being created, A. N. Golubtsova purchased a plot of land near the village of Vsekhsvyatsky, 11 acres in size (later the cemetery was expanded by cutting state and specific lands; an area of ​​​​about 20 acres). For the construction of the cemetery church of the Transfiguration of the Savior (architect A.V. Shchusev) in memory of the brothers A. and M. Katkov, who died on August 6, 1914, their parents (A.M. and M.V. Katkov) donated funds; the aisles of the temple - in the name of the Archangel Michael and St. Andrew the First-Called - were consecrated on August 8, 1916 and January 15, 1917, respectively.

In 1915, the Moscow City Duma allocated 71,520 rubles for the construction of the cemetery. The opening of the Fraternal Cemetery, taken by Elizaveta Feodorovna under her official patronage, took place on February 15, 1915.

The fraternal cemetery was divided into sectors: in the center the dead Orthodox soldiers were buried, on the sides - the figures of public organizations and the dead officials of the Moscow garrison, then there were the heterodox, Jewish and Mohammedan sectors. The cemetery of the sisters of mercy adjoined the main cemetery. Graves without fences were located in even rows; in the future it was supposed to create a large memorial Complex(arrange a semblance of forts, arrange enemy trophy guns, etc.). By 1917, about 18 thousand soldiers, officers, sisters of mercy and doctors, as well as public figures, were buried at the Fraternal Cemetery. Later, Muscovites who died in February and October 1917 were buried at the Fraternal Cemetery. In the mid-1920s. The fraternal cemetery is closed. In the 1930s on its territory, work was carried out on the construction of the subway, a park was laid out; in the late 1940s, in connection with the development of the Sand Streets area, the cemetery was liquidated. In the square, behind the Leningrad cinema, there is a monument on the grave of a student of Moscow University, Schlichter.

Literature: “Moscow city fraternal cemetery. Experience of the biographical dictionary”, M., 1992; M. Katagoshchina "Monuments great war”, “Military true story”, 1993, No. 3.

The concept of the reconstruction of the monument.