In the southern part of the city. The southernmost city on earth

Russia is the largest country in the world by area. On its territory there are more than one thousand urban settlements - large and small, prosperous and frankly depressive. In this article, we will list the southernmost cities in Russia. And we will briefly tell the reader about them.

The most southern cities of Russia: list

The total number of cities in Russian Federation- 1112. They are very different from each other: in terms of area, number of inhabitants, age, as well as in geographical location and climate. So, in some cities of the country, winter lasts up to eight months, while in others, residents enjoy the sun up to 300 days a year. The contrasts are striking!

Which city is the southernmost in Russia? What is it called? You will find the answer to this question below. Our article presents a list of the ten most southern cities in Russia (in order of remoteness of settlements from the North Pole). All of them are within three regions: Primorsky Krai, Dagestan and the Republic of North Ossetia - Alania.

If we talk about geographical location largest megacities of the country, then the southernmost millionaire city in Russia is Rostov-on-Don. Often referred to as " southern capital". It is quite an important transport, scientific and cultural center of the country. In addition, Rostov-on-Don is also often called one of the most well-groomed and most beautiful cities southern Russia. It also leads in terms of the number of urban green spaces.

Vladivostok - a city dissolved in the hills

Vladivostok is a completely different world for almost all the inhabitants of Russia. Many people have heard a lot about it, but few have been there in person. Vladivostok is a city of thick fogs, gently sloping hills and beautiful bridges. It was created by the hands of travelers and the military. Therefore, in his appearance and character there are features of both officer nobility and some kind of adventurism.

Geographically, Vladivostok is located in the south of Russia. However, the climate of this city can be incredibly capaciously and accurately described by the following saying: "the latitude is Crimean, and the longitude is Kolyma." The soft and velvety first half of autumn gives way here to a very cold and chilly November. Winters in Vladivostok are generally severe. In January, the air temperature often drops to -20 degrees.

City coordinates: 43° 07′ 00″ north latitude.

Vladikavkaz - modest and hospitable

The city-fortress was founded in 1784 by Prince Potemkin with one goal - to "master the Caucasus." Hence the name. Today the Republic North Ossetia- Alania with a population of 300 thousand people. By climatic features Vladikavkaz is really a "southern" city. Winters here are very mild, and summers are long and hot. Vladikavkaz is colorful ethnic composition of its population: Ossetians, Russians, Georgians, Armenians, Ukrainians and representatives of other nationalities live here.

City coordinates: 43° 01′ 00″ north latitude.

Makhachkala is the most "Asian" city in Russia

There is one more administrative center in the list of the southernmost cities in Russia. This is the capital of the Republic of Dagestan - Makhachkala.

Noisy markets, mosques, women in closed outfits - all these are typical signs Arab world can be found in Makhachkala. About 60 nationalities live in the city. The most numerous of them are Avars, Kumyks, Dargins and Lezgins. The city was founded only in the middle of the XIX century. Today it is an important industrial and scientific center of the South of Russia.

Fokino - a city of cozy coves

We move further south. In Primorsky Krai, on the shore of Strelok Bay, there is small town Fokino. It was founded at the end of the 19th century by settlers from Ukraine. Named after Alexei Fokin, the builder of the local naval base. The climate in Fokino is mild and quite warm, with frequent winds and a clear division into seasons. Average July temperatures: +19 degrees, January -9 degrees. Residents from nearby Vladivostok often come here to get away from the bustle of the city, to relax on sandy beaches cozy rocky coves.

City coordinates: 42° 58′ 00″ north latitude.

Kaspiysk is a city by the sea, but not a resort

Kaspiysk is a satellite city of Makhachkala, located just 15 kilometers from Kaspiysk. It is located on the shores of the sea-lake of the same name. The city boasts a relatively mild climate. Winters are warm and summers are hot. Already at the end of March, apricots and cherries are in full swing in Kaspiysk. However, to become seaside resort this city was not destined, since military units and the strategically important Dagdiesel plant are located on its territory.

City coordinates: 42° 53′ 00″ north latitude.

Buynaksk - the main climatic resort of the North Caucasus

Buynaksk is located in the heart of Dagestan, in the foothills of the Caucasian mountain range. The city of 60,000 is located on the Shura-Ozen River. Its immediate surroundings are a climatic resort area. There are a number of sanatoriums that successfully treat tuberculosis and other lung diseases. Among other things, Buynaksk is also known for the fact that the most great mosque North Caucasus.

Nakhodka - a city of two ports

In 1859, the corvette "America", on board which was Muravyov-Amursky (Governor of Siberia), fell into a terrible storm. Fleeing from a powerful storm, the ship is in an unknown and very calm bay, surrounded by picturesque green hills. "This is a find!" exclaimed the governor-general joyfully.

Nakhodka is located south of Vladivostok and is famous for its excellent beaches. The climate in the city is mild, temperate, with frequent fogs in summer and rains in winter. Nakhodka is an important maritime transport hub, accounting for 11% of Russia's total cargo turnover.

City coordinates: 42° 49′ 00″ north latitude.

Izberbash - city of oil and recreation

Izberbash is a young city on the Caspian coast (founded in 1932), 65 kilometers south of Makhachkala. An important center of Dagestan for oil production. In this city, for the first time in the world, the technique of drilling inclined wells from the seashore was tested. In addition to the booming industry, resort and recreational infrastructure is actively developing in Izberbash. The main city beach is known for its excellent fine-grained sand and stretches for almost three kilometers along the coast.

City coordinates: 42° 34′ 00″ north latitude.

Dagestan Lights - the city of glass and carpets

A powerful earthquake in 1904 broke the layers rocks, and gas began to ooze through cracks from the bowels of the earth's crust in these places. The travelers, who made fires here, watched with surprise as the blue flame soared sharply to the sky, and diverged along the cracks in the soil. Related to this unusual name small Dagestan city.

Today, no more than 30 thousand people live in the Dagestan fires. The city still operates a glass factory, which was founded in 1926. In addition to it, a brick and carpet factory operates here.

City coordinates: 42° 07′ 00″ north latitude.

Derbent is ancient, very ancient!

So, which city in Russia is the southernmost? The name of this settlement is specific, unusual, but very beautiful - Derbent. It is located on the edge of Dagestan, near the border with Azerbaijan. Often tourists call it "Russian Bombay", as well as the most ancient locality countries. The first mention of Derbent dates back to the sixth century BC!

The city is located on the border of temperate and subtropical climatic zones. Summers are hot, autumns are warm, and winters are short and mild. In the summer heat, the inhabitants of Derbent are saved only by the proximity to the cool Caspian Sea.

City coordinates: 42° 04′ 00″ north latitude.

17TH MICRODISTRICT IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF THE CITY OF NOVOROSSIYSK

KRASNODAR REGION

VOLUME I

PART 1

EXPLANATORY NOTE

Novorossiysk

ZAO Novorosgrazhdanproekt

registration number 309231120200072

Inn 231101606549

Order: 132077

Customer: LLC PIK "Customer Service"

PLANNING PROJECT FOR 17 MICRODISTRICT B

SOUTHERN PART OF THE CITY OF NOVOROSSIYSK

KRASNODAR REGION

VOLUME I

Project justification materials

EXPLANATORY NOTE

Novorossiysk, 2014

COMPOSITION OF THE PROJECT:

Introduction

Planning project for the southern part of the city of Novorossiysk Krasnodar Territory was developed by IP Kipchatov in 2011 and approved in the prescribed manner by the resolution of the administration of the municipality of the city of Novorossiysk dated January 12, 2012 No. 108.

According to the design assignment, in accordance with the resolution of the administration of the municipality, the city of Novorossiysk "On the development of a project for amending the draft planning of the territory of the southern part of the city of Novorossiysk dated 10.06.2013 No. 4097 in the territory with total area 59 hectares, located in the southwestern part of the projected area, changes were made in terms of accommodating a multi-storey residential area.

In this project, proposals are made to change the territorial zones in three conditional areas.

Layout of the design site
The first site with an area of ​​45.5 hectares is located in the southern part of the city, bounded from the south - by the projected street, from the west - by Dzerzhinsky Avenue, from the north - by Murat Akhedzhak Street, from the east - by the projected continuation of Prospekt im. Lenin. On an area of ​​18 hectares, the territorial zoning was partially replaced from the development zone by individual residential buildings to the zone of complex multi-storey high-density business class development (9 or more floors) with the organization of pedestrian promenades leading to the sea.

According to this project, residential areas are fully provided with kindergartens and schools. The calculation of the capacity of children's educational institutions was made according to the population's age composition predicted in the Master Plan, for kindergartens - at the rate of 70% provision, for secondary educational institutions - at the rate of 100% provision for grades I-IX, 50% provision for grades X-XI . Three kindergartens with a total capacity of 570 places have been determined on the territory of the new planned microdistrict. According to the design assignment, two schools with a total capacity of 1302 places are provided.

Parking for personal vehicles are provided underground and ground type.

The high level of amenities is determined by the proximity to the sea. Pedestrian zones have been formed inside the district, which are promenades with bike paths and landscaping elements. A high degree of landscaping and saturation with small forms allows you to create unique image coastal region. The landscaping of each functional area is designed taking into account both the characteristics of each of them individually and their compositional integration into a single landscaping system.

The project was completed in accordance with the provisions and requirements:

• 
  Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation dated December 29, 2004 No. 190-FZ, taking into account current changes at the time of development of this project;
• 
  Urban Planning Code of the Krasnodar Territory dated July 21, 2008 N 1540-KZ;
• 
  SP 42.13330.2011 Urban planning. Planning and development of urban and rural settlements”;
• 
  Standards for urban design of the Krasnodar Territory, approved by the Decree of the Legislative Assembly of the Krasnodar Territory of June 24, 2009 N 1381-P;
• 
  sanitary, fire and other design standards

The project used specialized sections of the General Plan of the municipal formation of the city of Novorossiysk, made by order of JSC "ITRKK" on the basis of subcontracting by specialized organizations:

Engineering-geological zoning of the territory (SUE "Kubangeologiya" - "Azov branch");

Protection of historical and cultural heritage (JSC Heritage of Kuban, Krasnodar);

Environmental impact assessment LLC Ecoinfoservice, Krasnodar;

Analysis of the risk of occurrence of natural and man-made emergencies LLC "ECC "Promtekhbezopasnost", Moscow.

Materials of the planning project for the southern part of the city of Novorossiysk, executed by IP Kipchatova V.M., were also used.

The project used the "Engineering Infrastructure" section, developed by order of the administration of Novorossiysk, LLC STC "Technologies of the XXI century", St. Petersburg, 2011.
When implementing the project, the decisions taken in the Master Plan of the city of Novorossiysk and the project master plan municipal formation of Novorossiysk.

This project addresses the following questions:

Passing red lines;

Functional zoning;

Placement of objects of social and cultural services and other purposes;

Density and building parameters;

Parameters of streets, driveways, pedestrian zones, landscaping and landscaping.

1. 
   Location and characteristics of the projected territory.

The site is currently vacant

The relief of the site is relatively calm, sloping towards the sea. Max Height 57.8 m above sea level.

1. 
   CHARACTERISTIC OF NATURAL CONDITIONS.

The territory of the municipal formation of Novorossiysk is located in the southwestern part of the Krasnodar Territory, on the Black Sea coast, according to climatic zoning for construction, it belongs to subregion IV B., a temperate climatic zone. Atmospheric circulation is an important factor influencing climate. The territory of the municipality of Novorossiysk is under the influence of air masses of Atlantic, Arctic and tropical origin, which usually are already largely transformed and soon finally transform into continental air of temperate latitudes.

The average annual air temperature for a long-term period is 12.0 0 С. Average monthly temperature the coldest month, January, is minus 2.6 0 С, the warmest, August +22.2 0 С.

The absolute maximum air temperature reaches +42 0 C, the absolute minimum - minus 25 0 C. The amplitude of fluctuations in absolute air temperatures is 67 0 C.

The average annual wind speed is 5.1 m/s. The highest average monthly wind speed is observed in the winter months. In summer, the circulation of air masses is weakened. The winds during this period are unstable in direction, their speed is the lowest in the year.

Average number of days since strong wind(more than 15 m / s) - 28. A feature of the climate are east winds"Bora", reaching speeds of up to 50 m / s and bringing frequent natural disasters.

Winters are accompanied by ice phenomena. The average number of days per year with ice is 5.3. frost is not observed.

Fogs are possible at any time of the year, but are more often observed from April to October (77% of the annual). The average number of foggy days per year is 22.

The average annual temperature of the soil surface is 14 0 C. Absolute Maximum temperature on the soil is 65 0 C, the absolute minimum is minus 26 0 C. The first frosts on the soil in autumn are observed on average in the second half of October, the last frosts in the spring - in mid-April. The duration of the frost-free period on the soil surface is 198 days on average.

The period during which freezing of the soil is observed is December-March. The average of the maximum for the winter, the depth of freezing under the natural cover is - 12 cm, the largest - 26 cm. The largest of the average depth of penetration of temperature 0 0 C - 23 cm.

The average annual rainfall is 1176 mm. In the warm period of the year, from April to October, 555 mm of precipitation falls (47% of the annual precipitation), in the cold season, from November to March - 621 mm (53%). The amount of precipitation from year to year can deviate significantly from the average value. In winter, precipitation falls in the form of rain and sleet. The largest average monthly precipitation falls in January, the smallest - in May - April. The mode of summer precipitation is showery. A characteristic feature of the annual course of precipitation is that their maximum is not confined to a particular month and can be observed in any of the months of the year. The observed daily precipitation maximum is 179 mm (MS Novorossiysk).

Often rains are accompanied by thunderstorms, sometimes by hail. On average, there are 37 days with thunderstorms a year. Thunderstorms are most common between May and August. Possible in other, even winter, months, but less often and not annually.

The average number of days with hail per year is 13.

Snow cover occurs annually, but is characterized by instability. The average date of snow cover appearance is December 28, snow cover melting is March 6.

There is no stable snow cover in 96% of cases. The average number of days with snow cover is 17. average height snow cover 5-10 cm.

Blizzards are possible. The average number of days in a year with blizzards is 2, the largest is 10. The period in which blizzards occur is December-March.

The average annual relative humidity of the air, which characterizes the degree of saturation with water vapor, is 78%. The highest average monthly relative humidity is observed in November-December and May (79-80%), the lowest - in the warm season, in August (63%).

The annual course of absolute humidity is opposite to the course of relative humidity. The average annual water vapor pressure is 12.1 hPa.

Northerly winds prevail throughout the year. With the onset of spring, the frequency of southeast winds increases; in the summer months, southwest winds slightly increase.
Engineering-geological conditions

According to the section of the master plan of the municipality of the city of Novorossiysk "Engineering and geological zoning of the territory", carried out by the State Unitary Enterprise "Kubangeologiya", the branch of the "Azov branch" of the city of Temryuk, in municipality Three regions are distinguished according to the degree of complexity of their development:

- IArea. Territories where construction work requires a minimum set of special engineering and construction measures, usually consisting of a general layout of the territory and regulation of storm water. During the development of this area, measures should also be taken to prevent the development of negative physical and geological processes and phenomena, which are usually not characteristic of these territories, such as erosion of temporary watercourses, mudflows and even landslides.

- IIArea. Territories suitable for development, but their development requires a set of special engineering measures to protect against existing and possible adverse EGP. Most often, these are significant volumes of earthworks, the construction of protective structures (such as retaining walls, drainage ditches, dams, pile driving, etc.).

- IIIArea. Territories unsuitable for development or completely unsuitable. To use them, it is necessary to carry out expensive preparatory and protective engineering measures in large volumes.

The projected area belongs to I district - territories with favorable engineering and geological conditions for development.

This region includes areas of abrasion- and erosion-denudation piedmont gently sloping plains and remnants of the Neogene leveling surfaces.

In genetic terms, gently sloping foothill plains represent ancient abrasion and erosion slopes of the sea coast and river valleys, largely reworked by erosion-denudation processes already in the Quaternary. The relief of gently sloping plains is quite leveled. Its absolute heights do not exceed 60-80 m. Occasionally, shallow gently sloping ravines are traced here, devoid of permanent watercourses. Inter-beam watersheds are slightly convex. The average slopes of the surface do not exceed 10% (6-7 0).

Despite the fact that all the foothill plains assigned to this region are worked out on the bedrock deposits of the Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene, their significant areas are covered by Quaternary deluvial plumes. The thickness of these deposits reaches 6-8 m in the region of Novorossiysk. These deposits are represented by a complex interbedding of various types of loams and clays in varying degrees of saturation with clastic material and contain numerous lenses of coarse pebbles. The groundwater level is usually 2-3 m; during rainy periods, “perched waters” appear on large areas.

Geomorphologically, the areas of the remnants of the Neogene leveling surfaces are isolated, almost horizontal areas of the upper part of the slopes and the watershed part of the ridges, sometimes separated by gentle saddles, with surface slopes not exceeding 10% (5-60).

The areas are composed of weakly weathered bedrock flysch rocks of the Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene, covered in places by loose Quaternary eluvium, up to 1 meter thick. The groundwater are practically non-existent here.

The area includes areas of floodplain terraces of large rivers. The lithological composition of the sediments is represented by loams up to 2 m thick, which usually occur near the surface and are replaced below by a complex interbedding of clays and pebbles. The total thickness of the alluvium of the terraces reaches 50 m.

The depth of groundwater does not exceed 3 m, and groundwater flow levels are subject to sharp seasonal fluctuations.

There are practically no negative physical and geological phenomena within the limits of the I region.

The development conditions of the area are favorable and will require only a small amount of work on the general layout of the area. Of the engineering protective measures, waterproofing of the foundations of structures should be provided, and when driving construction pits during rainy periods of the year, drainage from them.

1. 
   planning restrictions and areas with a special mode of use

1. 
   Sanitary protection zones

Water protection zones are territories that are adjacent to coastline seas, rivers, streams, canals, lakes, reservoirs. For these territories, a special regime for the implementation of economic and other activities is established in order to prevent pollution, clogging, siltation of these water bodies and depletion of their waters, as well as to preserve the habitat of aquatic biological resources and other objects of the animal and plant world.

In the territory under consideration, according to the planning project for the southern part of the city of Novorossiysk, water protection zones have not been established.

Zones of sanitary protection of water supply sources and water supply facilities for domestic and drinking purposes.

The main purpose of creating and maintaining a regime in the WSS is sanitary protection from pollution of water supply sources and waterworks, as well as the territories in which they are located.

According to SanPiN 2.1.4.1110-02 “Zones for sanitary protection of water supply sources and drinking water pipelines”, WCO are organized at all water intakes and water supply facilities, regardless of departmental affiliation.

The zone of sanitary protection of water supply facilities located outside the territory of the water intake is represented by the first belt (strict regime), water conduits - by a sanitary protection zone.

There are no drinking water intakes on the projected area and it is not planned to place new ones, there are reservoirs and they are subject to development pure water(RCHV), zone dignity. protection of which is adopted in accordance with SanPiN 2.1.4.1110-02 "Zones of sanitary protection of water supply sources and drinking water pipelines".

1. 
   Temporary boundaries of cultural heritage zones

This name is given to the part of the territory of Sevastopol, located south of Sevastopol bay. It was this part of the city that first began to be built up in the 18th century, and until the beginning of the 20th century, the city was located on this side of the Sevastopol Bay.

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"SOUTH SIDE, part of the city" in books

PART 2 ABROAD: EUROPE AND SOUTH AMERICA 1955–1967