Postavy city in Belarus. The history of the settlement and the owners of the town Postavy. South side of the square

This church is very picturesquely located on the riverside area on the shore of the lake. On this moment this church is in excellent condition, and is calling card the city of Postavy and the whole region. The Church of St. Anthony of Padua in Postavy is undoubtedly very interesting tourist attraction, an important architectural monument of the early 20th century, a historical and cultural value and an interesting landmark of Belarus.

Another important landmark of Postavy is the palace built here at the beginning of the 19th century. The palace in Postavy is quite large and beautiful. It is in good condition, its appearance has not actually changed since its construction. And here interior decoration completely lost, and the internal layout has also been completely changed. Nowadays, the palace building houses the state medical institution. A small park has been preserved around the palace. Thus, the palace in Postavy is a very valuable architectural monument and a remarkable tourist attraction.

The next interesting sight in Postavy is the Church of St. Nicholas, built here in 1894. This temple is currently in good condition. It, like the church, is picturesquely located on the shore of the lake and is a historical and cultural value and an interesting landmark of Belarus.

Another interesting sight of Postavy is the building of the former water mill, built in the city center near the dam-bridge over the river Myadelka (which forms in this place Not big lake) in the second half of the 19th century. This mill was quite large, stone, industrial scale. The turbine and multi-stage transmission were located on the first floor, the millstones were on the second floor, and the auxiliary premises were on the third. The building of the mill is perfectly preserved.

Also very interesting sights of the city of Postavy are a number of small buildings built in the second half of the 18th century, which form a beautiful ensemble of historical buildings in the central square of the city. Previously, these houses housed shops, taverns, small hotels They also served as housing. Actually, even now these buildings perform the same functions. The architectural ensemble quite unique for Belarus and at the same time very interesting and valuable. There are several reasons for this. Firstly, most of historical urban development in other cities has been preserved only since the end of the 19th century, and here the 18th century. Secondly, in other cities scattered buildings are often preserved, but here a full-fledged architectural ensemble. The value of the historical development of the central square of the city of Postavy also lies in the fact that, using the example of this ensemble, one can imagine how a typical Belarusian shtetl, after all, such a square (which served as a market) was then available in every large town. Thus, the city of Postavy as a whole is very interesting. tourist destination for travelers in Belarus.

Postavy is a Belarusian town with a population of 20,000, located on the Myadelka River, in a wonderful land of lakes, forests and beautiful churches. The regional center of the Vitebsk region. In 996, on the site of Postavy was the possession of Danut Zenovich - the settlement of Posadnik. The status of the town and the current name this settlement acquired in 1409. In the 18th century Postavy passed from the Zenovich magnates to the Beganskys, who erected a monastery of Franciscans in the town. But the most famous Postavy became under the possession of the Tyzengauz family.

Positions in the past and today

The flourishing of the city was ensured by the reforms of Anthony Tyzengauz, during which the first stone houses and manufactories were erected in Postavy for the manufacture of carpets, stamped paper, fashionable hats, belts, ship sails, stagecoaches. The center of the city was the market square - trade routes to Druya ​​and Myadel proceeded from it. Postavy architecture was created in the 60-80s of the 18th century according to the project of Giuseppe Sacco (architect from Italy), in the Baroque style. Harmoniously fit into the building of the square malls, a tavern, office buildings, an inn, a wooden church, a Uniate church.

Anthony Tyzengauz tried to make Postavy cultural and industrial center. Construction began in 1780 magnificent palace in the style of classicism, and a landscape park appeared with sculptures, botanical garden and fountains. A ballet school and a chamber orchestra were opened in the palace. Anthony's undertakings in the 19th century were continued by his descendant Constantine, a famous ornithologist. He created in the palace a delightful ornithological museum, a valuable library and a luxurious art gallery. .

Today, the building ensemble of the central square has left: a hospital building, a visiting house (it now houses a museum of local lore), a house of a craftsman-merchant, the country's oldest pharmacy, several houses of merchants, and a school building. On the site of the Uniate Church, which was wooden and suffered from a fire, at the beginning of the 20th century they built Orthodox Church made in the neo-Russian style. The Tizengauz family nest now houses a regional hospital.

Best ways to get to Postavy

You can come to Postavy by car, train or bus. Located in the northern part of the city Train Station relating to the line Vitebsk-Vilnius. You can get to Postavy by train from Vitebsk and Glubokoe. There is also a bus station near the railway station. Car roads connect Postavy with Bratslav, Myadel, Glubokoe, Polotsk. The city is crossed by the highways Braslav - Myadel (P27) and Glubokoe - Lyntupy (P110). You can also leave the city. bus service also covers all centers of village councils and agricultural enterprises. Shuttle taxis also work in the city.

What to see in Postavy

While in Postavy, be sure to visit the majestic Tyzenhaus Palace. It has a U-shaped layout, a 6-column portico, decorated facades and other attributes of classicism. The internal layout of the palace has undergone changes, and now it houses a medical facility. On the territory of the palace there are sculptures, fountains, monuments to Konstantin and Anthony Tizengauz, a chapel. The huge park adjacent to the palace is a mixed landscape composition with the remains of ancient linden alleys, canals, and exotic plants.

IN historical center the city is Lenin Square, framed fabulous houses, as well as a landscaped area and a pond around the church. At the bridge that connects the banks of Myadelka, a three-storey stone water mill of the 19th century is located in the place of its wooden predecessor. Now here is the House of Crafts with 4 exhibition halls of products of folk craftsmen and vernissages of artists. Another notable object of the city is the Church of St. Anthony of Padua, erected on the site of the Franciscan Church at the beginning of the 20th century according to the architectural design of Arthur Goibel.

Other charming and interesting places in the city

In the south-west direction from Lenin Square you can see the old buildings - the doctor's house and 5 houses of the same type of artisans. Their distinguishing feature- making the wall of the main facade of brick, and the rest of the walls - of wood. Baroque pediments give expressiveness to the laconic architecture of the houses. An important landmark of Postavy is the stone St. Nicholas Church, erected in the 19th century on the site of a wooden church that suffered in the fire by decree of Konstantin Tyzengauz.

The city has 6 large reservoirs: Northern and Southern ponds on the Myadelka River, Parkovoe (Krugloe) and Chernoe lakes, as well as the largest Zadevskoye and Dumblya, which are interconnected by the Devitsa River. Reservoirs give urban development a special charm, and towering above the lakes architectural monuments and green massifs form a picturesque panorama.

Accommodation and entertainment in Postavy

There are 3 hotels, 3 billiard rooms and 2 night clubs, 6 restaurants, a museum of local lore (in the building of an 18th century hotel), a regional house of culture, and a cinema in the city. Prices in hotels start from 2 euros for a place in a simple room without amenities and 15 euros for a double room. There are also 3 rental points in Postavy, allowing you to rent tourist equipment to travel around the area: near the city there is a settlement from the Late Neolithic and early bronze age, as well as about 30 archaeological, cultural and historical monuments.

Every year in June, Pastavy gathers for international festival folk music lovers. And 28 km from the city there is the estate of the original Belarusian old man-sorcerer Zyuzya Priozersky, a colleague of Father Frost and Santa. This ruler of the winter kingdom lives in picturesque forest within the Starodvorsky forestry near the village of Prudniki. In addition to Zyuzi's hut, there is Winter's house, an apiary, a cafe, a bathhouse and a hunter's house. Guests of the Lord of Frost will have a tour of his estate, treats to pancakes and fragrant herbal tea, a funny theatrical performance and fun horseback riding. Zyuzya also offers guests her handicrafts as souvenirs and teaches them how to make pottery.

In general, visiting the city of Postavy and its outskirts provides a lot of opportunities for an informative, interesting and memorable vacation. The tourist program can be varied - its nature and content directly depend on your wishes and preferences. Visit Postavy encourage and natural beauty this city and rich story and an abundance of attractions.

City
Belarusian pastavy
55°07′ N. sh. 26°50′ E d.
A country	Belarus
Region
Area	Postavsky
Chairman of the district executive committee	Chepik Sergey Vasilievich
History and geography
First mention	1409
NUM height	140 m
Timezone	UTC+3
Population
Population	▼ 20,039 people (2016)
Digital IDs
Telephone code	+375 2155
Postcode	211875
car code	2
Other
Rivers	Myadelka
postavy.vitebsk-region.gov.by (Russian) (English)

Postavy(Belarusian Pastavy; Polish Postawy) - in, administrative center Postavy district.

Geography

It is located on the Myadelka River (the basin of the Western Dvina), 245 km from, 160 km from.

Nature and ecology

Monuments of nature of republican significance: mountains Mayak, Boyarovshchina, Lysaya; boulders Zavlechansky, Lodossky, Megunsky, Leaky stone Kaptarunsky, Devil's stone Sobolkovsky. Natural monuments of local importance: mountains - Baldovshchina, Bolshaya, Gorovatka; Zhupersky government; hills - Borodinsky and Chernetsky; boulders - Zybalishsky, Kamaysky, Trapshavitsky, Chashkavshchinsky; Kaznadeyushsky stone.

There are six large reservoirs on the territory of the city: two ponds (Southern and Northern on the Myadelka River); lakes Chernoye and Krugloye (Parkovoe) and the largest lake - Zadevskoye, which is connected by the Devitsa River to Lake Dumblya.

Story

It was first mentioned in 1409, when King Jagiello, with his deed of gift, approved the status of the township of the village of Posadnik and the new name - Postavy. In 1522, the estate in Postavy was divided between 4 brothers: Nikolai, Mikhail, Yuri (Jerzy) and Jan Despot-Zenovichi.

1616 - in Postavy on the Island (Gorodishche) Stanislav Begansky built the Catholic Church of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary and the Franciscan Monastery.

1628 - the place belonged to Albrecht Radziwill and consisted of the central part, the Zarechye suburb and 2 suburbs; consisted of 66 households.

During the campaign of the tsarist troops against Vilnia in 1655, the corps of Vasily Petrovich Sheremetev captured and burned the town of Postavy.

In 1686, Postavy, Ostrov, Sudorvy received the possession of Appolonia Beganskaya.

Until the middle of the 18th century, it was a small settlement located on the banks of two lakes formed by the Myadelka River. The center of the city has traditionally been a market square, from which trade roads to Myadel and began. On its eastern side there was a wooden Roman Catholic church (XVI-XVIII centuries) and a Greek Catholic church (1713). On the other side of the lake was a wooden Franciscan monastery. These buildings have not been preserved: they were replaced by stone samples in the 19th - early 20th centuries.

In 1720 Postavy passed into the possession of the Tizenhausen family. Significant transformations of the city were carried out by the Grodno headman Anthony Tyzengauz, a reformer who sought to turn his family estate into one of the centers of culture and industry of the region. Manufactory production was organized (35 enterprises in total).

Under Konstantin Tyzengauz, the city turned into one of the scientific and cultural centers Vilna Governorate of the North-Western Territory Russian Empire. The ornithological museum was founded, Art Gallery, library.

After the second partition of the Commonwealth (1793), Postavy became part of the Russian Empire, where they became the center of the county. On January 22, 1796, the coat of arms was granted to the city.

During the First World War, Postavy was on the front line. Pilot Captain Pyatosin Evgeny Stepanovich (a native of the Kyiv province) was awarded the St. George weapon “for the fact that, having received the task of photographing an enemy position in the Komai, Postavy, Godutishki area, he, in the period from March 5 to March 24, 1916, made a number of combat reconnaissance, and each time, despite the shelling of the enemy artillery, carried out its task to the end. On March 24, his apparatus was shot down by enemy artillery and landed near our trenches, and the pilot received bruises on his face and legs. Despite the extremely unfavorable weather conditions and the heavy shelling of German artillery, he completed the task given to him on time, presenting photographs of all three lines of trenches ”( PAF dated 03/04/1917) .

Since 1921, as part of Poland, the center of the county of the Vilna Voivodeship. In the late 1920s, 2 sawmills operated in the city, as well as a brick factory, a steam mill, a brewery, and a bakery.

In 1935-1939, the 23rd regiment of the Grodno Lancers was stationed in Postavy. In 1938, the People's Defense Battalion (ON) "Postawy" was formed in Postavy, which was part of the semi-brigade "Dzisna", whose headquarters was also located in Postavy. The semi-brigade commander was Colonel Edward Perkovich, a resident of Postavy Povet.

The last owner of the estate in Postavy was Konstantin Przezdetsky (09/18/1879 - 04/21/1966, Stockholm), married and divorced from Sofia-Maria Lubomirskaya.

On September 18, 1939, he was occupied by the Red Army and became part of the Byelorussian SSR. Since 1940 - the center of the district of the Vileika region. Since 1944 - as part of the Molodechno region.

On July 5, 1944, Postavy was liberated from German troops by the 145th Infantry Division (Major General P. A. Dibrova). Since 1960 - as part of the administrative center of the Postavy region.

Population

• 1939 - 3.4 thousand inhabitants
• 1970 - 15.1 thousand
• 2001 - 21.1 thousand
• 2006 - 23 thousand people
• 2010 - 19.8 thousand people
• 2014 - 20.1 thousand

Economy

The following enterprises operate in the city:

Radio-electronic industry

• ChPUP "Zavod Belit"

Forestry and woodworking industry

• GLHU "Postavy forestry"
• OJSC Postavymebel
• LLC "Production and furniture center"
• PPUE Postavy Furniture Center

Light and food industry

• PUE "Combine of the cooperative industry of the Postavy Raipo" (Khlebokombinat)
• JSC Postavy flax plant
• OJSC Postavy Dairy Plant

Land reclamation and road construction organizations

• DKUASP "Dawn Postavsky"
• Postavy DRSU-132,
• DEU-33
• UE Postavy PMS

Tourism

There are three hotels in the city, the Postavy Museum of Local Lore functions, and the festival of folk music "Ringing cymbals and accordions" is held.

mass media

Facilities mass media presented by Postavy Region newspaper and Postavy TV

Transport

Railway station on the line Krulevshchizna-Lyntupy.

Roads pass through the city R27(-Myadel) and P110(Deep-Lyntupy).

Public transport

Branch "Motor transport enterprise No. 17 of Postavy" JSC "Vitebskoblavtotrans" (serves 30 routes, 6 of them - in Postavy)

Attractions

• Tyzenhaus Palace (1788 - 1st half of the 19th century) - now the building of the district clinic
• Building sq. Lenin (XVIII-XIX centuries), including a doctor's house (2nd half of the 18th century), a craftsman's house (2nd half of the 18th century), residential buildings (2nd half of the 18th century)
• Catholic Church of St. Anthony of Padua (1898-1904)
• Orthodox Church of St. Nicholas (1894)
• Synagogue and Jewish cemetery (early 20th century)
• Watermill (2nd half of the 19th century)
• Museum of Local Lore (formerly a hotel)
• Monument-stele to Polish soldiers and officers who died in battles with the Bolsheviks in 1920.

twin cities

• Italy: Sant'Oreste

November 22nd, 2017

Postavy is a small town (20 thousand inhabitants) in the north of Belarus, the westernmost regional center of the Vitebsk region. Quiet provincial town in the middle of the Belarusian hinterland near the border with Lithuania. It was Postavy that was the first point of our schelkunov a three-day trip around the Western Vitebsk region, and we arrived in this city at dawn, examined it in the early morning, when it was just waking up after the August night.

Clickable map with photos localized by their numbers in this story:

Interestingly, during the Patriotic War of 1812, Konstantin Tizengauz, together with his brother, went over to the side of Napoleon, after the end of the war he remained abroad, but under an amnesty he was able to return and get his estate back.

46. ​​The main facade of the palace with a portico. Nowadays, the street runs in such a way that the palace stands sideways to it, and the main facade faces the courtyard.

47. On the facade on the other side (it’s hard to call it “back” somehow) there is the Tizengauz family coat of arms.

48. Manor (now hospital) park. It seems that the atmosphere of the times of the Tyzengauzes has been recreated here.

49. Pyramids of mirrors - apparently from the same place. Some unusual decorative element. Yes, and the inscription "Mirror" was left by Captain Evidence in my face :)

51. And here again is the pond on Myadelka. And in the distance you can see the church of St. Anthony (the title frame has a similar angle, only the bridge, the mill and the Orthodox church are still visible).

The river Myadelka flows from quite famous lake Myadel, which is not far from here, but already in the Minsk region, where a small town is also named after it. The neighboring lakes Myadel and Naroch are quite popular places recreation and fishing, first of all, among the residents of Minsk.

52. At the right bank of the pond is a small Park of Glory, with an extremely modest monument to the Warriors-Internationalists.

53. Nearby is a small exhibition of armored vehicles:

54. Fighter MiG-23. There is also a Mi-8 helicopter a little to the right of the frame. In Soviet times, a military airfield operated in Postavy, and this is a reminder of those times.

55. We saw a much less trivial reminder of this near the shore of the pond. A boat made from outboard aircraft fuel tanks! Very original.

57. Along the right bank, we close the circle and return to the center along Gagarin Street, which in the future is closed to the church.

58. Interesting Polish Wooden House:

59. And here is also an old brick one, with a half-hip roof, characteristic of Belarus.

60. And the usual, in general, for these places of the hut. Some stand in the shade of mighty ancient trees.

61. And here again is the Church of St. Anthony of Padua (built in 1898-1904). A cobblestone pavement still leads to it.

62. The church was built in the Neo-Gothic style, and is quite elegant. Pictured is the side façade.

A new day began, it got warmer, everything was on the streets more people and cars, and we, from the church, already familiar by the dawn hour, were returning back to the station, picking up backpacks from the bus station along the way. We did not see something in the city, namely, the former military camps: 5th (missile troops) and 6th (aviators); these, in general, are almost the only quarters in the city with a five-story building. Soviet military units have been disbanded in our time, and now border guards live in Postavy: in a straight line from here it is only 11 kilometers to Lithuania.

63. An interesting house on the way to the station. The second floor is unusual.

64. And quite interesting bus stop at the station. Reminded me of wooden stops in Vologda.

65. And the station we already know. Railway It came to Postavy in 1895, and from Lyntup, where there is a dead end now (in the next post I will tell you more about this), and initially it was narrow-gauge, which was then changed to a wide gauge during the First World War.

We arrived at the station about twenty minutes before the train, having managed to buy tickets and have some rest. The next point of our trip was the city of Glubokoe.

66. And we went there on the suburban train Lyntupy - Krulevshchizna, which is nothing more than a trailer car Vitebsk - Lyntupy, on which we arrived here, going to reverse side as a suburban. Here he comes to the first path. Suburban train from the locomotive and passenger car(in this case, reserved seat) is a common thing for Russian Railways (and therefore absolutely familiar to me), but almost unique for the Belarusian Railways.

After Postavy came into the possession of Anthony Tyzengauz, the area was transformed in a relatively short period of time (starting from the 60s): it is no longer a chaotic building of wooden houses, but an ensemble stone structures in baroque style. Postavskaya Square was an example of the first ensemble building in Belarus, carried out by one architect according to a single plan. Experts are inclined to believe that the construction work here was supervised by the architect Giuseppe de Sacco, invited from Italy.

There is no exact information about the start of construction in Postavy. However, there is reason to believe that before establishing the royal factories in Grodno, Tyzengauz made an experiment on a small scale on his estate in Postavy. Sources report that already in 1765 there was a belt factory in the town. And by 1783 the buildings were already in a very neglected state.

Postavy was a small settlement with only 65 residential buildings. It is very likely that the beginning reorganization of the royal economy, headed by King Stanislav August put his personal friend and associate, absorbed all the attention of Tyzengauz and led to a halt in construction and the desolation of Postavy enterprises.

But back to the beginning of large-scale construction in the town. A. Tyzengauz began the reconstruction of the settlement with the arrangement market square. On the sides of the square (which is a parallelogram in plan, although it seems to be rectangular), the architect placed buildings serving visitors, residential houses of artisans, and administrative offices. A third part of the former ensemble of the square has survived to this day - 8 buildings, of which 5 are craft houses, a check-in house, a hospital and a school.

The central place on the square was occupied by the market

The trading rows, low, under a flat roof, were square, with a large courtyard and a through opening. Trade was carried out inside the courtyard, on which the doors of the shops opened.

The inventory of the Postavy county (mid-18th century) reported the following description of the market: “Shops, stone all around, covered with tiles in the middle along the slopes, with four carved figures, around with 18 vases and for entry with two gates. Inside there are 26 shops, 29 doors, 9 basement windows with iron bars, and the yard is paved only under the shops and at the gate. The shops, with the exception of the corner ones, were very small, up to 9 m2. Apparently, a large number of shops are dictated by the fact that they were intended for a diverse range of goods. The Inventory says that the shops had different kinds metal and paper products, paintings, cards, mirrors, lace, gloves, suede leather.

In general, the Market building had a specific purpose. Deep (2.25 m) cellars for storing goods stretched along the entire contour of the shops under it. There were no permanent stoves in the premises, none of them were inhabited. Blank outer walls may have been necessary to protect goods.

The market yard was paved. The rest of Postavy Square and their streets were unpaved. It should be noted that only on Tue. floor. In the 19th century, widespread paving of streets in the city began (as a duty, a stone was taken from visitors, which was brought in carts, and streets were subsequently paved with this stone). At the beginning of the twentieth century, the market was heavily rebuilt, survived during the Great Patriotic War, and in the 50s of the twentieth century it was dismantled "as unnecessary".

South side of the square

On this side of the square, where the building of the District Executive Committee is currently located, there used to be three buildings: two hotels and a cafe. Until the end of the 50s of the twentieth century, one could still see the building of the hotel, which housed the "tea house". Later, the building was demolished, and in its place appeared the "brainchild" of the architecture of the mid-twentieth century.

West side of the square

Of greatest interest is the western side of the square: once there was the largest number of Tyzengauz buildings (9 buildings), and to this day, it is in this part that the main buildings of the Tue are located. floor. XVIII century. This side of the square, like the southern one, was built up symmetrically with respect to the center. Unfortunately, the key house on this side, as well as on the other three sides of the square, has been lost.

Due to the typological similarity of individual houses on the western side, they can be divided into groups. The first includes the outer houses: the pharmacy building - “a two-story stone house, in which the doctor’s office is below, and the zemstvo office is upstairs” and the building of the local history museum - “a two-story state-owned stone house for check-in”. Both similar in appearance, the buildings are the same in size.

The first house (pharmacy) retained its original purpose: it always belonged to the doctor, and now it is a pharmacy. The house was located on the corner of Vilenskaya street, it was covered with tiles. On the first floor of the hallway (corridor), entrance to the basement; to the right there were three rooms, to the left - one room and a kitchen with a stove. The stairs led to the second floor, where there were two kitchens with stoves in the corridor, as well as four rooms. In the attic there was a warehouse for utensils. It is difficult to determine whether the first floor of the house was a hospital or only a doctor's residence. Based on the fact that a public institution was located upstairs, and the house itself overlooked a crowded square, it should be concluded that even if a doctor lived here, then, most likely, the reception of patients was also held here. The second house (the building of the local history museum) had a similar layout with the building of the hospital, and although it was rebuilt several times, its facade remained the same. Now it houses the local history museum.

The second group of buildings on this part of the square includes the houses of local artisans. All these houses, covered with Dutch tiles, were one-story, with attics. Their design is interesting in that only the facade wall was brick, the rest were wooden. The combination of brick and wood made it possible to build economically and quickly. It is very difficult to talk about the internal layout of these houses, since documentary data have not been preserved. However, descriptions of these structures have been preserved. local residents: "there were benches in front, and the owner lived behind." Based on the buildings that have survived to our time, we can assume the following interior layout. Main entrance located on one of the longitudinal sides

home, led to the front. One of the front walls (transverse) separated the residential part from two large industrial premises overlooking the square. The craftsman's family also occupied the attic, the staircase to which was placed in the same hall. An additional “back” entrance was located at the courtyard end and apparently led directly to the kitchen, since there was a descent to the basement where food was stored nearby.

It should be noted that the artisans lived not only on the square, but occupied all the houses along Postavy streets. It can be assumed that the houses on the market, similar to the Grodno settlement for foreign workers, were also built for foreigners, and by virtue of them they were given a different look, in comparison with the rest of the wooden houses of Postavy. Here, most likely, foreign craftsmen lived in factories.

An agreement was concluded with each of these masters, as well as workers, as a rule, for an indefinite period (the parties were formally given the right to terminate them at any time, although in fact, this right belonged to one treasurer, who could send masters to all four sides when he they liked it; if they were dissatisfied with something, they could only get rid of the factories by escaping). According to the contract, the master was paid a salary (700 - 900 zlotys per year, which was quite a lot at that time), they provided him and his family with an apartment, firewood, candles and food supplies. Wages were not piecework, but fixed (salary). Both masters and workers (150 - 250 zlotys a year - not so much!), And apprentices (100 zlotys a year!) received a salary every month, while apprentices were given clothes and food. But the most interesting thing is that if the master came out of the number of students, then he did not receive anything!

The contracts listed various conditions labor and pay, but none specified the length of the working day. However, according to additional information, it is known that the factories worked from 5 am to 8 pm with an hour and a half break for lunch and dinner, which was timed to coincide with free classes for masters with students. Worked 6 days a week, excluding holidays. Since there were people of different faiths among the foreigners, there was a clause in the contract that the masters would celebrate according to the customs of their religion.

In general, a lot of money was spent on the maintenance of foreigners, but only with the promise of golden mountains Anthony Tyzengauz could interest craftsmen from Germany, France and other countries. Western Europe and recruit them to work in the Commonwealth. It is possible that by 1783, due to the collapse of Tyzengauz, foreigners left Postavy just as they had left Grodno. Their houses were occupied by local artisans.

North side of the square

On this side of the square, only one craftsman's house survived from the buildings of the Tyzengauz era. Previously, there were three houses of artisans and an austeria. An engraving from the end of the 19th century can give an idea of ​​the appearance of the first three houses (show a reproduction of the engraving). It was a group of houses, completely analogous to the group of houses on the western side of the square. Almost identical to each other, they emphasized the significance of the austeria. In terms of size, it was second only to the market and was one of the main buildings on the square.

You should pay attention to the residential building, which was formed as a result of the reconstruction of two houses of artisans in the XIX century. The main facade received a complex asymmetrical composition with high stepped attics, with a hipped turret above one of the rectangular windows.

East side of the square

According to researcher E.D. Kvitnitskaya, this side of the square had only one Tyzengauz building, completely rebuilt by now. Until the beginning of the 20th century, it served as a gymnasium. At the end of the 18th century, the school “studies the Russian, Latin and Polish languages ​​and other various sciences of the noble nobility of the youth; professors are dependent on the order of public charity, and youth on their own ”- such information is indicated by the Inventory of 1784. The building itself was built of brick, covered with tiles, with four attics in the roof: on the facade of the market, to the church, to the river and to the church; below - military gates. Inside, on the first floor, there were classrooms (four classes), a boarded staircase led to the second floor, climbing which one could get into the school office, as well as into the corridor with the apartments of teachers. Here, in the corridor of the second floor, there was a staircase to the attic, where there were two rooms and two pantries.

One of these industrial facilities, namely a paper mill, was located here, on the Myadelka River. The factory was a wooden one-story building, covered with a high broken profile shingle roof. Factory machines were driven by water: the factory had two posts. The production process took place in two rooms: in the first, the cleaning and pulling of rag raw materials took place, in the second - the actual production of paper.

The rest of the premises, except for the high attic, which served as a warehouse, were intended for service personnel. These were: a servants' room, a kitchen, a bakery, and six living rooms. In 1783, the factory employed 5 people; six grades of paper and cardboard were produced, including stamped paper with watermarks. The factory continued to operate in 1800: it still produced different grades of paper, no more than 100 reams for home use, and also partially for sale.

In addition to the paper mill, by the Myadelka River, on its right bank, there was also a mill “on two posts” that has not survived to this day: a mill led to it from the factory. wooden bridge. The water mill in plan was a small rectangular structure stretched along the river, covered with shingles, with a facade turned to Luchaiskaya Street (now Krasnoarmeyskaya Street); in addition to the premises for the mill installation, it had a room and a pantry.

The current stone building of the mill is located on the site where the wooden one used to stand, burned down, as the researchers believe, during the great city fire in 1815. The exact date of construction of the stone mill, unfortunately, is not known; however, it can be assumed that this event took place before 1866, since under this date in the documents, the mill is named one of the most significant stone buildings in Postavy. At the end of the 19th century, the reconstruction of the water mill began. A surviving written source from 1897 tells: “in the town of Postavy, a stone one-story mill that has existed since ancient times is being repaired with a second floor superstructure above it, and, in addition, turbines and a new bridge with locks are installed at the same mill instead of water wheels.”

The beginning of the 20th century met the mill with a new one: a three-story stone building, where each floor had its own purpose. On the third floor, there were machines for cleaning, peeling and shaping grain; on the second floor, grain was ground, there was a sieve and set-ups, and on the first floor, finished products were received. The turbine mechanism was in the basement. At present, the building, renovated in 1994, houses the Stary Mlyn House of Crafts.