Udine Italy. What can surprise Italy? Udine is a provincial town in the north of the country
Between the Adriatic coast and the Alps, near the border with Slovenia.
Brief history of the city
983 - the first written mention of the castle Utinum (Utinum), which was located on the territory modern city.
10th century - the beginning of the construction of the fortress wall.
1238 - in Udine, the residence of the Patriarch of Aquileia was transferred and the order was given to build the Cathedral. The city becomes the de facto capital of the Patriarchate of Aquileia.
1418 - Venice declared war on the Patriarchate of Aquileia.
1420 - the patriarch fled from Udine, and the city itself was under the control of the Venetians until the end of the 18th century.
1511 - as a result of an earthquake, 6 thousand people died, the main buildings of the city were destroyed.
1797 - Udine passes into the hands of Austria.
1805-1814 - French expansion in Udine.
1859 - a railway was built connecting Udine, Trieste and Venice.
1866 Udine becomes part of a united Italy.
1917-1918 - Austrian occupation.
1943 - 1945 - the city was under German occupation.
How to get to Udine
By plane
Airports closest to the city:
Trieste Airport - www.aeroporto.fvg.it (Next: buses to Udine run directly from the airport);
Venice Mestre Airport - www.veniceairport.it (Next: airport bus --> Train Station Mestre, from here train to Udine);
Treviso airport - www.trevisoairport.it (bus to airports --> Treviso train station, from here train to Udine).
Loggia Lippomano. Photo flickr.com, Franco Celant
By train
The city of Udine is located on the Rome-Vienna line (Rome, Bologna, Venice-Mestre, Udine); for trains from Milan and Turin: you need to make a change to the railway station of Udine at Venezia Mestre station
Detailed information and train schedules at the station www.trenitalia.com.
By car
Motorway A4 (from Venice) --> motorway A23, exit at Udine, then ring road and exit at "Udine Centre".
Udine(Udine)- a medium-sized town 73 km northwest of , not far from the border with , in Dolomites.
Udine was first mentioned in chronicles in 983. The heyday of the city came in the XV century, when the region came under power. Talented artists, sculptors and architects began to gather in Udine, and the city acquired its modern look in the Venetian style. In the 18th century, the great Venetian artist Giambattista Tiepolo worked on the painting of the cathedral.
In 1797 Napoleon's invasion put an end to Venetian rule. After the Napoleonic Wars, the city fell to the Austrians until it became part of the United Kingdom in 1866.
The earthquake of 1976 caused great damage to the city and claimed hundreds of lives, but now Udine has been completely restored.
Weather in Udine:
Attractions:
The sights of Udine are easy to get around along the route within a couple of hours.
Tourist itinerary in Udine:
Map at the bottom of the page.
1. Castello di Udine
In the center of the city there is a Renaissance Udine castle (Castello di Udine), built in 1517 on the site old fortress destroyed during the earthquake. Now in the castle is Gallery of ancient art(Galleria d’ Arte Antica), which presents a rich collection of sculpture and painting, collected since the XIV century. Here are the works of Caravaggio, Carpaccio, Tiepolo and other masters of the Venetian and Friulian Renaissance.
2. Duomo
Three-nave Cathedral (Duomo di Udine) on piazza del Duomo (Piazza del Duomo) was built in the 13th century and rebuilt in the 18th century in the Baroque style. Inside you can see Tiepolo frescoes- "The Sacrifice of Isaac" and "The appearance of an angel to Abraham."
3. Oratory della Purita
Tiepolo also painted Oratorio della Purita(Oratorio della Purita, XVIII century), located next to the cathedral.
4. Loggia Lionella
Piazza della Liberta(Piazza della Liberta) was built in the Venetian style in the center of the Old Town. Gothic Loggia of Lionello (Loggia di Lionello, Nicolò Lionello, 1400) was restored in the 19th century after a fire according to old plans.
5. Loggia of San Giovanni
Opposite is Loggia of San Giovanni(Loggia di San Giovanni, Bernardino da Morcote, 1533), under the arches of which there is an entrance to the chapel(Tempietto di San Giovanni ), dedicated to the memory of the Friulians who died in the war. The building crowns Clock tower (Torre dell'Orologio, XVI century).
6. Piazza Matteotti
PiazzaMatteotti(Piazza Matteotti) is the main place in Udine for meetings, walks and holidays. Former market Square, surrounded by old houses with porticos, retained its historical appearance. In the shade of the galleries there are cozy cafes and restaurants, jewelry shops and craft workshops, souvenir kiosks and boutiques.
7. Archbishop's Palace
Archbishop's Palace (Palazzo Arcivescovile, XVI c.) on piazza Patriarcato (Piazza Patriarcato) was rebuilt in the 18th century by the Venetian architect Domenico Rossi. Now in the halls of the palazzo a collection of objects of religious art is exhibited. Tiepolo's frescoes (1726), decorating the walls of the palace, are dedicated to subjects from the Old Testament.
- Piazza Patriarcato, 1
- Wed–Sun 10.00–12.00, 15.30–18.30
8. Church of San Francesco
One of the oldest churches in Udine, San Francesco(Chiesa di San Francesco) was built in the 13th century. The building was badly damaged during the Second World War, after reconstruction it is used as an exhibition hall. In winter, a small skating rink is arranged in the inner courtyard of the church.
- Church of San Francesco
- Largo Ospedale Vecchio
9. Contemporary Art Gallery
Gallery of modern art (Galleria d’ Arte Moderna, GAMUD) on piazzale diacono (piazzale Diacono) has a rich collection of works of art of the XX century, including works by local artists.
Udine, Italy - detailed information about the city. Udine travel guide: popular attractions with photos and descriptions.
City of Udine
Udine is comfortably located in the north-east of Italy at the very foot of the Alps. The capital of Friuli will captivate you with cozy squares, Tiepolo masterpieces and authentic taverns where you can taste wine.
Udine is a city with Venetian charm and ancient buildings, "the most beautiful Venetian square on the mainland" - Freedom Square and a castle on a hill from which you can see the roofs of the city and the Alpine foothills.
The city of Udine belongs to the region of Friuli Venezia Giulia and is the center of the province of the same name. The first mention of the city dates back to 983. In the Middle Ages, Udine became the center of the entire region. Later, the importance of the city declined. Udine throughout its history was first part of the Venetian Republic, then Austria-Hungary, until in 1866 it finally became part of Italy.
Udine is a relatively small laid back city, unlike bustling Rome, trendy Milan or funky and reckless Naples, but it certainly has its own charm.
Attractions Udine
(Piazza Libertà) - the oldest square in Udine, whose architecture represents the Venetian style. The architecture of the square dates back to the 15th-16th century. The dominant feature of the square is the loggia of San Giovanni with a clock tower.
(Castello di Udine) is one of the main attractions of the city. The castle is located on a hilltop in the historic center of the city. modern castle built in the 16th century on the site of an old fortress. There is an interesting legend about the origin of the hill on which the castle is located. 452, the invasion of the barbarians - the legendary Attila ordered his soldiers to build a hill after another victory. Each soldier took dirt into his helmet and poured it out on that spot. Now the castle is used as a museum.
(Cattedrale di Udine) is one of the oldest churches in the city, the construction of which dates back to the 13th century.
(Chiesa di Santa Maria di Castello) - is the oldest in the city. This old building 12th century Romanesque.
(Chiesa di San Francesco) - is one of the oldest religious buildings in the city, the former headquarters of the Minorite brothers in the city and throughout the Friuli region. It was built in the second half of the 13th century. The church was badly damaged by bombing during World War II, then restored. Since the last decades it has been used for temporary exhibitions, mainly by local artists.
It is one of the most important religious institutions. Located in the very center of the city. The Madonna delle Grazie, a famous icon from the 15th century, is kept here.
Italy is a country with ancient history and culture, so it has always attracted the attention of tourists. Everyone has heard about its most popular cities. These are Venice, Florence, Milan, Pisa and, of course, Rome. But besides them, there are many more places that Italy is rich in. Udine - small town located in the province of Friuli Venezia Giulia. It has a unique location between the Alps and the Adriatic Sea.
City `s history
Udine has rich history, although it was founded much later than other large ones. The first mention of it appeared only in 983. At that time, Utinum Castle was located here, from which the name of the modern city later came. In the same century, fortress walls were erected around the castle.
The heyday of Udine began in the 13th century. In 1238, the residence of the Archbishop of Aquileia was transferred to the city, who ordered the construction of a cathedral in the city. The city is transformed into the capital of the Duchy of Aquileia - a large territorial entity northern Italy.
In 1418, Venice announces an ultimatum to Aquileia, as a result of which the city of Udine passes into the hands of the Venetian doges. In 1472, the territory was plundered by the Turks, and in the 16th year, the region was subjected to a strong earthquake. The cataclysm destroyed many ancient monuments. Seriously damaged the castle of Udine - oldest structure region. In total, more than 5,000 people died.
At the end of the 18th century, it ceases to exist, and Udine passes under the rule of Austria. But a few years later, as a result of the conquests of Napoleon, the city came under the control of the French.
The second round of development in Udine began with the construction railway. The city connected Venice and Trieste, which contributed to the influx of people. In 1866, the united state of Italy appeared. Udine joins him by popular vote.
Freedom Square
In any major city of the country, the main attraction is its square; Italy is famous for them. Udine is no exception. The central building of the city is Freedom Square. Along its perimeter there are many beautiful buildings and monuments that will amaze any tourist. It is also considered a truly "Venetian" square.
The Cararra Fountain, an ancient echo of the Renaissance, is installed here. In 1539, the column of St. Mark was erected, adorned with a magnificent lion. A little later, the territory was supplemented by the statue of Justice, as well as many other sculptures.
Cathedral
The construction of the church building began in the distant 1236. On the site of the building was an old stone chapel. Its foundation was discovered recently during restoration work. The building of the cathedral was seriously damaged during the earthquake of 1511. The facade was almost completely destroyed, and it was possible to restore it only 20 years later.
It has been regularly rebuilt over the centuries. New arches and an annex were added to it, and in the 18th century the cathedral was completely changed beyond recognition, trying to follow the Baroque style popular at that time. The cathedral restored its historically correct appearance only in the 20th century, when the appearance of the 14th century was returned to the facade. IN Lately The Cathedral is constantly under restoration work, but this does not prevent tourists from visiting it.
The interior of the building is made in the Baroque style. Unlike the outer façade, no restoration is underway here. From the inside, the cathedral impresses with its scope and grandeur. There are many ancient statues installed here, and the walls are painted with frescoes telling stories from the Bible.
Archbishop's Palace
Unique palaces are what Italy is known for. Udine has the Archbishop's Palace, the ancient residence of the Patriarchs of Aquileia. The building was built at the beginning of the 16th century by order of the archbishop, who wanted to move from ancient castle Udine to a more modern dwelling. In 1708, the famous Domenico Rossi worked on the palace. He designed for him a wing for the library, the central facade, as well as the main staircase.
Currently, the palace houses the Diocesan Museum and Gallery. The building is located in the city center, not far from the Cathedral. There is also a library with more than 10,000 old manuscripts and books. They lie on racks made in the 18th century.
Castle of Udine
Udine Castle is the symbol of the city. Most ancient place around which the settlement gradually grew. Located in the center of Udine on a hill near Freedom Square. The first mention of the castle dates back to the 10th century, when the emperor gave it to a certain Rodoald. Castle complex twice suffered from devastating earthquakes: in 1348 and in 1511. A year later, the castle was engulfed in fire, and it completely lost its original appearance.
The construction of the castle, which tourists can see today, began in 1517. The development of the complex was carried out by a student of Raphael. Before the conquests of Napoleon, the castle was located local authority management, and now the castle is used by the museum of archeology and Italian history. In interior halls guided tours are often held, as well as exhibitions.
Arch of Bollani
Freedom Square has one more architectural monument- Arch of Bollani. The road passes through it famous castle Udine. It was built in 1556 in honor of the ruler who saved the city from the plague. The main decoration of the arch was the lion of St. Mark with wings made of copper. But during wars of conquest The French removed the lion from the arch and took it to their homeland. new lion was erected in its original place only in 1953.
Provincial Udine (Italy), whose sights are not inferior to the monuments of other cities, will definitely appeal to travelers who love walking along historical places. Another advantage of the city is the relative cheapness of visiting and the absence of a rapid flow of tourists. Staying here, you can visit big cities northern Italy, because the road to them will not require much time.
Udine - historical city Friuli, which gained importance and importance after the decline of Aquileia and Cividale del Friuli. In 983, the castle of Udine was donated to Emperor Otto II, and in 1222 the Patriarchate of Aquileia moved here, which arose in the middle of the 6th century, after the bishop of the city of Aquileia broke off communication with Rome due to ideological differences and took the rank of patriarch.
In the 14th century, Udine became the most important city region from a commercial point of view.
In 1420, during the war between Venice and the Patriarchate of Aquileia, Udine was conquered by the Venetians. A difficult period began in the history of Friuli, which never had such a position as other Venetian lands. Among the nobility were those who supported the Venetian Signoria and those who expressed the sympathies of the Austrian Empire. The first included the Savorgnan family, and their political opponents were the della Torre (also belonging to the Savorgnan family). The culmination was a terrible massacre, called the "Cruel Wide Maslenitsa", which took place on February 27, 1511. Antonio Savorgnan staged an attack by the imperial army (actually they were soldiers under the command of his nephew) and convinced the people to fight back, defending the city. This wave captured the whole of Udine, a fierce battle began, in which many representatives of noble families were killed. Following this, a terrible earthquake brought new disasters, many buildings were damaged, and the castle collapsed. The final "black stroke" was the plague epidemic.
Udine remained under the rule of the Republic of Venice from 1420 to 1797. During this time, he rose to fifth place in terms of importance and population.
In the 18th century, Napoleon's troops arrived. Udine became part of the Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom, which was under the control of the Austrian Empire.
In 1848, during the first War of Independence, Udine opposed the Austrians. A provisional government was set up under the command of General Karl Dzuki. Austrian troops bombarded Udine and the city surrendered. In 1866 Udine became part of a united Italy.
During the First World War, Udine was the headquarters of the high command, and the city was called the "capital of the war."
From 1943 to 1945 Udine was in the Operational Zone Adriatic coast, i.e. in the area under Nazi occupation, whose capital was Trieste.
The city coat of arms of Udine depicts a black and white shield, on top is a ducal crown, a horse is born from the crown. The colors of the city wears and Udinese football team , which is one of the oldest in Italy, it was founded in 1896.
Let's start our route from Liberty Square (Piazza Libertà) located in the heart Udine. Strictly speaking, piazza Libertà is not a square, but a heap of buildings, of which the most beautiful is Loggia of Lionello made in the Venetian Gothic style. Work on the loggia began in 1448 by Bartolomeo delle Cisterne according to the drawings of the jeweler Nicolò Lionello, and ended in 1457. In the following centuries, the loggia underwent a number of changes, in 1876 it was almost destroyed and restored by Andrea Scala according to the original drawings. Inside is the city museum.
Loggia of Nicolò Lionello. Udine
Opposite the loggia of Nicolò Lionello are Church of Saint John (San Giovanni) and another loggia, built in 1533 by the Lombard architect Bernardino da Morcote. The clock tower crowns the loggia of San Giovanni. It was built in 1527, according to the project of Giovanni da Udine, who laid the foundation for the Venetian tower in Piazza San Marco. On top, two copper moors beat the clock, once the figures were made of wood, but in 1852 they were replaced by the current version.
Hercules and Kakus are installed nearby - two huge statues XVIII century. The statues were confiscated from the Torriani family when he destroyed their palazzo in 1717 to punish the power-hungry native of Milan.
Let's pay attention to the fountain by Giovanni Carrara.
Church of Saint John. Udine
From piazza Liberta let's go up to the castle, this street crosses Arch Bollani (Arco Bollani), made in 1556 according to the design of Andrea Palladio, it is decorated with a Venetian lion. We will pass under the porticoes of Lippomano, erected in 1487.
Road to the castle. Udine
And when they're done, we'll see Church of Santa Maria di Castello, which is ancient church Udine built under the Lombards. It is worth going to the temple to admire the frescoes of the 13th century. Adjacent to the church is the Grimani Arch, dating from 1522, erected in honor of the Dodge of the same name.
Church of Santa Maria di Castello and Grimani Arch. Udine
Through the arch we will go out to the square in front of the castle.
Lock. Udine
Accurate castle building unknown. There was a fortified building on this site even before the Romans, but the first written records date back to 983, when Emperor Otto II presented the fortress to the Patriarch of Aquileia. In 1511, during an earthquake, the fortress was seriously damaged and was restored in 1517. Now the castle houses the city museum, which includes the Pinakothek, archaeological and numismatic collections, a photography museum, and a gallery of drawings.
Near the fortress there is a peasant house, which is a reconstruction of a typical dwelling of the 16th century. Now a grocery store is open here.
The spacious square in front of the castle offers a panoramic view of Udine.
View of Udine
Let's get down on Freedom Square and pass by the church of St. John to Cathedral dedicated to St. Mary the Intercessor. The cathedral was erected in 1236 by order of the patriarch. In the earthquake of 1348, it was seriously damaged, but was restored with modifications. Mine modern look the cathedral received in 1735, according to the project of the architect Domenico Rossi. Nearby rises the bell tower with the baptistery. The cathedral houses a small museum.
Cathedral. Udine
On the right side of the Cathedral is chapel Immaculate Conception(Chiesa dell "Oratorio della Purità), erected in 1757 by order of the cardinal and last patriarch of Aquileia, Daniele Dolphin. Inside, frescoes by Giambattista Tiepolo and his son Giandomenico have been preserved.
WITH back side The Cathedral begins a small street via Lovaria, turn on it and get to Patriarchate Square - piazza Patriarcato. Here is one of the most famous palaces Udine - patriarchal or archiepiscopal palazzo, which stretches along the street as a gray rectangle. central part The building was built in the 16th century when the patriarchs no longer wanted to live in the castle. In 1708, Patriarch Dionisy Delfino invited the architect Domenico Rossi, who completed the wing with the library and the egg-shaped staircase, as well as the central portal, the north wing and the huge staircase in 1725. Since 1995, the Tiepolo Museum and Gallery has been equipped in the palazzo.
adjoins the palazzo Church of St. Anthony Abbot (Chiesa di Sant "Antonio Abate), made in the XIV century by order of Patriarch Nicolo of Luxembourg. In 1733, the church was modified, now the temple hosts exhibitions and other cultural events. Inside are the graves of the last four patriarchs of Aquileia: Francesco Barbaro, Ermolao Barbaro, Daniele Dolphin and Dionisio Dolphin.
Archbishop's Palazzo and Church of Saint Anthony Abbot
Opposite the palace is broken Ricasoli garden, which crosses the water channel. In the Middle Ages, canals were laid to supply the city with water, out of 6 that existed to this day, only three have survived.
Ricasoli garden. Udine
Canals of Udine
Let's go back by via Lovaria To Cathedral. Let's go further to Piazza Girolamo Venerio. Piazza Venerio in the old days was called the square of ice warehouses, and then the square of firewood, after the goods that were sold on it.
Church of Saint Francis and piazza Girolamo Venerio
On the square Piazza Venerio dominates Church of Saint Francis (chiesa di San Francesco) dated 1266. Once the church of St. Francis was one of the most beautiful and richest in the city. Now the temple is inactive, exhibitions and cultural events are held here.
Borders are laid out in light marble on the square Palace of Antonio Savorgnan which was demolished in 1549. As mentioned above, in the part devoted to the history of Udine, in 1511 the “Cruel Wide Maslenitsa” massacre took place, initiated by Antonio Savorgnan. Retribution overtook him in 1512, he was killed leaving the cathedral. In 1549 the Savorgnan Palace was confiscated and destroyed.
That period and the Savorgnan family are also interesting from the love side.
The writer Luigi da Porto (1485-1529) was the first to tell the story of Romeo and Juliet, who lived in Udine and not in Verona.
The young writer Luigi da Porto did his military service in Udine, once at a masquerade ball he saw 15-year-old Lucina Savorgnan. He immediately fell in love with the beauty, but there was one serious problem - yes, Porto was a representative of the Austrian army, and the girl came from a family of supporters of the Venetian Republic. However, young people began to meet secretly. In 1511, relations between the supporters of Austria and the Republicans escalated. Lucina was married off to her cousin Francesco, and Luigi became depressed and nearly killed himself. In 1524, Luigi da Porto wrote the short story Juliet, in which he told about the unhappy love of two young people from warring families. Later, Shakespeare "borrowed" the work, settling his heroes in Verona, and not in Udine.
Let's go through via Savorgnana, via Nicolo' Lionello, via delle Erbe before piazza Matteotti.
Piazza Matteotti. Udine
Piazza Matteotti- one of the most bustling places of the city, once it was called Grass Square, now - San Giacomo according to the church of the same name located here or Mercato Nuovo ( new market). In the center stands a stone fountain, made in 1543 by Giovanni da Udine and a column crowned with a statue of the Madonna and Child. From all sides the square is surrounded by porticoes. Light eye-catching Church of San Giacomo built in 1378.
The current façade was completed in 1525 by Bernardino da Morcote. Nearby is the "Capella of Souls", realized in 1744, a canvas by Michelangelo Grigoletti is kept here.
From the square we will go to via Mercatovecchio, main street town lined with shops and cafes.
Map of Udine. Click the right mouse button to enlarge
By the way, the city of Udine is the birthplace of the famous beer, the symbol of which is a mustachioed lover of a foamy drink. Once the brewery was located near historical center, but the building was demolished, building residential buildings, commercial centers and a park in its place. However, Moretti beer has long been not quite Italian, the brewery is part of the Heiniken holding.
