Safe behavior on water bodies in various conditions. Rules for safe behavior on water bodies at different times of the year. Recreation safety near water bodies. Rules in open water

Safety on the water SAFETY MEASURES IN THE WATER IN WINTER - Ice crossing rules: 1. Cross the pond on ice only with good visibility.2. When skiing, unfasten the bindings, remove the pole straps from your hands.3. Take a long stick (pole), a rope no less than 5 meters long.4. Go down where there are no gullies and bushes or reeds frozen into the ice.5. Walk carefully, checking with a stick of ice.6. Do not open the soles from the ice. - How to get out of the hole: 1. Try not to dive into the water with your head.2. Do not panic, call for help.3. Get out in the same direction from where they came from.4. Crawl onto the ice, spreading your arms to the sides.5. Throw a leg for years and roll back from the hole.6. Crawl 3-4 meters in your footsteps.7. Without resting, run to the nearest housing. SAFETY MEASURES IN THE WATER IN SUMMER - When swimming, it is unacceptable: 1. Swim in an unfamiliar place, under bridges and near dams.2. Dive from a height, not knowing the depth and topography of the bottom.3. Swim behind buoys and fences.4. Approach ships, rafts and other watercraft.5. Jump into the water from boats, boats, moorings.6. Arrange games with the capture of body parts. - When using a boat, it is unacceptable: 1. Make sure that the boat is in good condition and that life-saving equipment is available.2. Rock the boat, get up to your full height, sit on the sides.3. Swim in the places of passage of ships, mass bathing.4. Grab branches of trees and other objects on the go. -You can’t swim while intoxicated, under the influence of alcohol people often overestimate their strength, and also commit careless acts against other swimmers, which often leads to disastrous consequences; water transport(boats, jet skis, skis, etc.) this can lead to injury; - Do not swim in dangerous, prohibited places; - It is forbidden to jump into the water in unfamiliar places, play games in the water associated with capture, swim behind buoys and fences; - It is dangerous to dive in places of unknown depth, as it is possible hit your head on the sand, clay, break your neck vertebrae, lose consciousness and die. It is no less dangerous to jump headfirst into the water from rafts, piers and other floating structures, there can be piles, rails, stones, etc. under water, you can dive only where there is sufficient depth, clear water, flat bottom; - Do not leave children on the shore of a reservoir unattended by adults who know how to swim and provide first aid; - Do not allow children to arbitrarily go to reservoirs and swim; - If you cannot swim, you cannot be in the water on an inflatable mattress or camera. Swimming on inflatable objects is extremely dangerous, and for a person who cannot swim, it often ends tragically. If you swam too far and are tired, spread your arms and legs, lay your head on the water, close your eyes and relax. To stay horizontal, draw air into your lungs, hold it, and exhale slowly.

It's so arranged that most We spend our lives at work, at school and at home. We are looking forward to the holidays and, having finally waited, we give more preference to the sea. In most cases, we rest with children and it is our responsibility to protect the child from unnecessary troubles.

In order for your vacation to pass without any problems, you need to prepare for it at home. First of all, you need to visit your doctor. He will advise you what is best to put in the first aid kit, which you will definitely take with you, and at the same time check the condition of the child, whether he is ready to go to the sea or not. Secondly, two weeks before the trip, start tempering the child. Thanks to this, you will speed up the adaptation process and increase the immunity of your child. Thirdly, it is extremely dangerous to go to the sea unprepared physically. With weak muscles, cramps can occur, and this is extremely unpleasant and dangerous. And the last thing is the psychological mood of the child. Talk to him about the sea, what you will do there, and what you should not.

And so, you are at sea. How to secure your vacation?

During the adaptation period, do not force the child to do something against his will, swim, sunbathe, climb in the sand. Approach this period carefully, because the body feels what it can and cannot do at the moment.
Try not to go out in the sun during peak hours. At this time, the child can get a very severe burn.
When leaving the sea, be sure to dry your child with a dry towel and apply a protective sunscreen that is more suitable for your child. The child should not get a tan, but just get a sunbath.
It is necessary to periodically dip the child into the sea, but if he does not want this, you can use inflatable pool by filling it with sea water
Make sure that the child does not take off his hat, and even better, in order to avoid a burn, let him bathe and sunbathe in a T-shirt.
Protect your child's eyes by wearing sunglasses.
In the sun, the child loses more moisture, so it should be watered more often. Use bottled or boiled water.
Do not buy food on the street, visit restaurants, cafes or cook for your child yourself. Who knows what they prepared for you there.
Try to avoid crowded places Great chance"catch" the virus.
Don't lose sight of your child. Especially don't let him go out to sea alone.
Do not drink alcoholic beverages, because in this state you can lose vigilance, and the life of the child depends on you.

If you follow the basic safety rules with children at sea, your child will easily adapt, successfully acclimatize and go home safe and sound. Have a nice holiday!

Let's try to list the main causes of death of children on the water:

inability to swim;
leaving unattended;
swimming in unequipped and prohibited places;
non-compliance with the temperature regime;
ignorance, and sometimes ignoring the rules of behavior near water, on water and on ice, methods of rescue and first aid.

What are the bathing requirements?

Bathing place - equipped beach or a special bath. The water area of the beach should be limited by buoys, the bottom is calm in relief, gently sloping, sandy. Mandatory shields with rescue equipment (life buoys, balls, ends, etc.), a rescue post, a shield indicating bathing conditions (water and air temperature, waves, wind).

Unequipped beach(on hikes, excursions) must be examined by an experienced adult. The quality of the bottom is checked, the absence of snags, stumps, metal objects, whirlpools, whirlpools, industrial and other drains, the quality of the coast, etc.

bathing mode. Temperature (not less than): water 18°, air 20°. After eating, at least 1.5-2 hours should pass. Bathing time should not exceed:

15-40 min at 24°;
10-30 min at 22°;
5-10 min at 20°;
3-8 min at 18-19°.

It is forbidden to swim during a storm, strong wind, other adverse weather conditions.

Basic Rules

If you can't swim, don't go deeper than your waist.

Do not swim beyond the fence (buoys) or far from the coast if there are no buoys.

Do not swim in the fairway.

Do not swim near piers, piers, dams, etc.

Do not swim up to motor ships, boats, barges and other watercraft. It can be tightened under the bottom, under the screws, hit with the side, overwhelmed by a wave from the stem.

Do not dive in unequipped places, including from a steep bank, piers, boats, water intakes (hitting the head on the bottom or objects on it can lead to loss of consciousness and death). Even a sedge lying on the water is dangerous.

Don't lose sight of each other.

What to do in some cases

If you feel tired, lie on your back, hold yourself on the surface with light rowing movements, and rest.

If water enters the respiratory tract - rise above the water, cough.

If carried by the current - smoothly approach the low shore. If you get into the whirlpool - take air into your lungs, dive deep and make a jerk away from the axis of the whirlpool (downstream), then float up. If you get tangled in mud, lie on your back; it is necessary to return along the trail in the mud.

With a cramp - lie on your back, rub the muscle vigorously. Call for help. Experienced swimmers have a needle - an injection relieves cramps. The main thing is to calm down, do not panic, do not be shy to call for help.

Winter recreation of water bodies

When organizing ice crossings, the following features should be taken into account:

freezing on rivers lasts longer than on lakes and ponds;
It is possible to cross the river on ice only in an equipped and designated place (pointer, poles).

When crossing in unmarked places, you must:

check the quality of the ice and its thickness, for which two people are allocated, working in a bundle at a distance of at least Yume with poles, ice picks, sticks; it is forbidden to explore the ice alone;
the strength of the ice is tested by hitting a stick or a pick in front of you and from the side (if after two or three hits in one place the ice remains and the water does not come out, then the crossing is possible); it is forbidden to test the strength of the ice with a kick;
when choosing a crossing route, avoid dangerous places - confluence of tributaries, bushes, trees, frozen objects, snow deposits on ice, unreliable ice (the latter is determined by color: bluish and greenish ice usually has sufficient thickness (more than 7-10 cm for pedestrians), ice yellowish, whitish shades unreliable);
ice thickness in autumn and winter at air temperatures from -1 to -25°C should be (2 times more in spring) (Table 7).

Table 7. Required ice thickness for crossing

Near the shore, the ice should not hang (water in the holes should protrude by about 1 cm), the ice should be firmly connected to the shore and without cracks.

Ice skating rink

The required ice thickness for the skating rink is at least 25 cm. The skating rink must be fenced and equipped, and illuminated in the evening. An approach to the skating rink must be equipped.

Rules of conduct on ice

Do not ride sleds, ice skates, etc. from the shore onto the ice without making sure of its strength.

Don't gather large groups on ice.

When ice fishing, do not punch holes closer than 5 m from neighboring ones.

During freezing and ice drift, do not approach the edge of the coast.

Do not jump onto ice floes during ice drift.

In case of danger when moving on ice (water appeared on the ice, sin appeared), step back with a sliding step, without lifting the soles from the ice surface.

How to save and rescue on ice

If you fall through the ice, you need to spread your arms wide, lie down on the LSD with your chest and roll out onto it. You can rest your foot on the opposite edge of the breach. Then you should crawl away from dangerous place without getting up. To rescue a fallen one, you need to take a board, pole, rope or other improvised means, lie down on the ice, crawl no closer than 2 m to the breach, give a rescue item and pull out the failed one. In no case should you run up to the breach.

Beach holidays are the most favorite way of spending holidays among our compatriots. Sunbathing, swimming, parties by the water - this is what a city dweller dreams of when buying a ticket to the sea. However, any beach in exotic and not so countries has its own set of dangers.

Safe rest is, first of all, foresight and common sense. Let's brush up on the things to keep in mind when going to the beach.

Reminder for swimmers

It doesn't matter if you just love to swim, surf or snorkel. If you part with solid ground, you are always in danger.

Try to choose beaches that have working rescue stations.
Never swim alone.
Before you swim far, learn how to swim confidently in the surf. It's not the same as swimming in a pool or a still lake.
If you doubt your abilities or feel unwell, do not go near the water. Most hotels have swimming pools.
Strictly follow all the instructions and instructions of the lifeguards. Do not be too lazy to ask them about the nuances of swimming on this beach.
Do not go into the water closer than 100 meters from the berths and marinas. In such places, the bottom can be polluted with debris, and undercurrents are also common.
At the beach, try to use glasses with a polarizing effect. This will allow you to see the swimmers on the water.
Never lose sight of children and the elderly. They may lose their balance and drown even in shallow water.
Never dive into water unless you know the depth.
If you are relaxing on the beach without a rescue station, carefully study the rules for rescuing drowning people and first aid.

A little about marine life

Some seaside resorts can be dangerous due to shark attacks. Similar incidents are quite rare, but almost always end fatally for bathers.

If you are driving to an area where the beaches appear sharks, choose netted swimming areas and listen carefully to the announcements of the lifeguards on the beach.

Another unpleasant representative of the marine fauna for vacationers is slope. Most often, people are injured by stingrays, which, defending themselves, attack with a flexible tail with a bone spike at the end.

The best way to protect yourself from them is to ask the lifeguards or employees coastal hotels about the presence of dangerous fish and move with extreme caution in shallow water.

Jellyfish- very beautiful creatures, but the tentacles of these coelenterates are often equipped with stinging cells that leave painful burns on human skin. You should not approach jellyfish in the water and generally go into the water if there are too many jellyfish in it - after a storm or during their migration.

The best way to protect yourself from living creatures that live in the water and on the beach is to leave them alone. Even seemingly harmless crab can give you a completely unnecessary manicure.

About alcohol...

Excessive alcohol consumption is the most common cause of injury and drowning during a beach holiday.

A drunk person has the highest chance of drowning. In addition, tipsy tourists are frequenters of mass fights and easy prey for local criminals.

If you come to rest - try take a break from alcohol. If you can’t refuse alcohol on vacation, don’t leave the hotel, or better, your own room.

So, you are the same "crazy mom" who, contrary to the warnings of pediatricians, decided to take off to the sea with her baby. Decided finally and irrevocably. And now it's time to collect and prepare. I will help you.

The most important thing to do is to provide the child with a daily routine, nutrition and care close to those he is used to at home, as well as protect him from the aggression of an unfamiliar climate and others. local features". This is especially true for resorts in exotic countries.

Getting ready for the trip

A few steps to at least think about.

Choosing a direction

With children in the first months of life, contrary to popular belief, you can go anywhere. They are still completely with their mother. They don’t crawl, they don’t walk, which means they won’t fit anywhere and won’t create an unforeseen situation. If the child is breastfed, there are no problems at all: food and regimen are provided, the rest is not so important. If not on the chest - you need to take the usual food in sufficient quantities and that's it.

With children from three years old, it becomes easier - they are already more conscious and can follow the safety rules established by their parents. For example, walk along the beach only in rubber slippers.

With children under 6 months and over 3 years old, you can go anywhere, but from six months to three - only to safe, proven resorts.

Thinking about water and food

Food for a child should be familiar. This is the law. Choose places where you can feed your child with European food. This applies to children under 10 years of age. With older people, you can try other people's tastes, but be careful.

When traveling, even in Russia, not to mention other countries, use bottled water for drinking. Do not be tempted by any springs, wells and wells. The exception is water mineral springs, appointed by the spa doctor (and then - as a medicine).

Clothing and footwear

When traveling, clothes and shoes should be comfortable and well-worn. So that the child does not experience discomfort. So that nothing rubs, does not press and does not irritate, it is easy to wash and wash, and that it would not be a pity to throw it away.

Accessories

We include hats and sunglasses. In the south, on the sea, these are mandatory attributes, without which you should not take the baby out of the house. And do not pay attention to local children - they were born there and live there, familiar. And your baby from another climate zone and it needs to be protected.

Cosmetics

Since you are going to the sea, sunscreens should be selected not only for age and safety, but also for water resistance. Many kids don't like being smeared with something. Therefore, it is better to purchase a persistent expensive product that is applied to the skin every 3-4 hours than to harass the baby with lubrication every hour and every time it comes out of the sea.

Grab a sunscreen lip balm too, otherwise you will save dry chapped lips later.

first aid kit

For a safe holiday at sea with a child in the first aid kit should be:

ibuprofen or paracetamol to reduce fever and relieve pain of any origin;
enterofuril liquid to fight intestinal infections;
enterosgel - as an aid in case of poisoning and allergic reactions;
flemoklav solutab - a broad-spectrum antibiotic;
stomatophyte or gramidin C to help with sore throat;
antiallergic drugs (Zyrtec, cetirizine, etc.);
miramistin (broad-spectrum antiseptic for external use);
Zelenka (knees to smear);
hydrogen peroxide (wash the wound);
adhesive plaster, cotton wool, bandage;
eye drops - albucid (children often have conjunctivitis);
vasoconstrictor nasal drops (Vibrocil);
panthenol or other spray to treat irritated (burned) skin.

This - general scheme, the names of your medicines may differ, since one child helps one thing, another - another.

Additionally, put in the first aid kit medicines that are prescribed by a pediatrician for long-term use if the baby has any chronic diseases.

We buy tickets and prepare to endure long flight or travel by train or car.

It is better not to transport children under 8 years old by bus, and older than this age only when they are sure that it will withstand the trip.

About entertainment on the road on our website there are separate articles, I will not repeat.

The most important: documentation!

For a child, you need to take a birth certificate and an insurance policy. Find out in advance from the insurance company where you can go with the baby in case of illness or injury. Write down your phone numbers and action plan. Believe me, if an emergency happens, it will save you a lot of nerves, time and money, and help to the crumbs will be provided competently and in a timely manner.

Organizem safe rest with a child at sea. We take with us all of the above and, of course, a good mood!

How are you going on a trip and what are you taking with you?

P.S. I intentionally left out a couple of important points. Find?