The master plan of the Shchelykovo estate in the Kostroma province. The estate of A. N. Ostrovsky Shchelykovo - the Kostroma house of the Russian playwright
Address: Russia, Kostroma region, Ostrovsky district, p / o Shchelykovo
The first visit of A.N. Ostrovsky: 1848
Main attractions: house-museum of A.N. Ostrovsky, a monument to A.N. Ostrovsky, Literary and Theater Museum, Blue House (residence of the Snow Maiden)
Coordinates: 57°36"17.4"N 42°10"12.6"E
The Shchelykovo estate, located in the Kostroma region, became famous as the place where the family of Alexander Nikolayevich Ostrovsky lived for many years. The writer loved the boundless Shchelykovo expanses, the ravine banks of the small river Kueksha, mighty forests, local peasants and, of course, his house and the picturesque park surrounding it. Today, the memory of the playwright and the traditions of the Ostrovsky theater is kept in the museum-reserve created in the estate.
The history of the estate of A. N. Ostrovsky Shchelykovo
Initially, the land on which the estate now stands was called the Shalykovo wasteland, and from the 17th century they were owned by the Kutuzovs. In the 70s of the XVIII century, the house built by the Kutuzovs burned down in a fire, and they did not begin to restore it. The construction of a new estate F.M. Kutuzov organized elsewhere.
Monument to A.N. Ostrovsky on the territory of the Shchelykovo estate
Half a century has passed and the manor buildings were acquired at auction by the father of the writer Ostrovsky, Nikolai Fedorovich. In those days, an old house and three small outbuildings were located on the territory, where the servants lived. In addition, there were many auxiliary buildings here: a stone smithy and a stable, a barn and several cellars, sheds and a bathhouse.
Nikolai Fedorovich with his second wife and children moved to the Kostroma estate in 1848. His eldest son Alexander liked the place very much. Sharing his impressions of the first visit to the estate in his diary, he wrote that the real Shchelykovo is better than imagined, and the local nature turned out to be better than he had dreamed. True, while his father was alive, Alexander came to the estate only twice, since their relationship was tense.
After the death of Nikolai Ostrovsky, his second wife sold the estate to Alexander and his brother Mikhail, and the wife of the writer Maria Alexandrovna became the host of the house. In material terms, the acquisition did not live up to Ostrovsky's hopes. The estate did not bring income at all, but, on the contrary, demanded more and more cash injections from the family. However, the Ostrovskys did not lose heart. In his free time from his main work, the playwright enjoyed gardening, ordering high-quality seeds, buying horses, agricultural implements and breeding stock.
View of the southern facade of the building with a covered terrace
Their large and comfortable house was constantly visited by guests - colleagues of Alexander Nikolayevich, famous writers, actors and artists. And the Ostrovsky family welcomed them with pleasure, holding literary and musical evenings.
In addition, the playwright worked actively. Of the 47 plays he wrote, about half were created directly in Shchelykovo. Ostrovsky and died at work, being in his writing office.
After the revolutionary events of 1917, no one at first cared about preserving the Ostrovsky heritage. In the buildings of the estate placed local authorities Soviet power, and later - a colony for homeless children.
Actors from the Maly Theater from Moscow stood up for Ostrovsky's theatrical heritage. Thanks to their petitions, the estate was given under memorial museum writer, and the first exhibition, located in just three rooms, was opened to visitors in 1936. Today on the estate territory created large museum-reserve. In addition, buildings of the sanatorium were built here.
View from the southern facade of the building to the stairs leading to the lower gazebo
Walk around the museum complex
Today, the Kostroma estate has the status of a museum-reserve, which includes a whole complex of memorial and natural objects. central part estates are the home of the writer. The furnishings, interiors, furniture and personal belongings of the writer - all the museum staff tried to keep exactly as it was under Ostrovsky himself. The house of the writer's family is very cozy, habitable and has a unique spirit of antiquity. Unpainted floors are lined with homespun runners, window sills are decorated with flowers, and rooms have white tiled stoves. One of the most valuable exhibits are lifetime editions of the writer's works, as well as paintings by artists Konstantin Makovsky and Boris Kustodiev.
In the spacious living room there is a piano, which the writer's wife, an actress of the Moscow Maly Theater in Moscow, Maria Vasilievna, loved to play. She left her profession at an early age, and took up the daily care of the family and the arrangement of the household. The playwright's manuscripts, as well as books and dictionaries that he used in his work, are laid out on the desk. And on the mezzanine floor there are rooms for Ostrovsky's children.
View of the house-museum of A.N. Ostrovsky
The guided tour of the house takes about two hours. Here you can see many old photographs depicting Ostrovsky himself, his wife, children and friends of the playwright's family. For guests, photography in this part of the museum is paid. In addition, if you wish, you can take a photo in the house in noble clothes, in the interiors of the dining room of the writer's family.
In addition to the memorial, since 1973 an interesting literary and theater museum has been opened in Shchelykovo, which introduces theatrical performances based on the plays of the great Russian playwright. In its halls you can see theatrical costumes, preserved scenery and models, sketches by artists and magazines that published the writer's works. a separate part of the exposition is devoted to how the famous fairy tale about the Snow Maiden was created.
The third museum of the estate complex is the house-museum of Ivan Viktorovich Sobolev, a close friend of the playwright and an excellent master of woodcarving. All carved furniture in the manor house is the work of his hands. This skilled craftsman even taught Ostrovsky himself the basics of carpentry. Sobolev's log hut is an ethnographic part of the estate's exposition, which tells about the traditions of peasant life and crafts that were common in these places in the 19th century.
Literary and Theater Museum
An elegant two-story building, built at the beginning of the last century by order of the writer's daughter, Maria Chatelain, is called the Blue House. This building has been perfectly preserved to this day. It houses museum ticket offices, as well as an educational center and a library. In winter, the residence of the fabulous Snow Maiden opens here.
On the territory of the reserve there is a functioning St. Nicholas Church, which appeared at the end of the 18th century. The project of a slender church was prepared famous architect from Kostroma Stepan Andreyevich Vorotilov. The talented architect managed to combine several architectural traditions in a rural temple - from baroque to classicism. Divine services are held on the upper floor of the church during the summer months, and on the lower floor in the winter. It was in this temple that the writer was buried in 1886. Ostrovsky, his wife and their daughter Maria Alexandrovna are buried near the church, in a cemetery fenced with a brick fence.
Shchelykovo is not called in vain nature reserve. The existing landscape memorial park beautiful, and walking on it is a pleasure! Three generations of the Ostrovsky family were engaged in planning and maintaining green spaces.
blue house, winter time residence of the Snow Maiden
The territory is cut by numerous ravines and is divided into two parts - Upper and lower parks, in which pines, birches, lindens and spruces grow. Picturesque bridges are laid across the park ravines, and in the most different places beautiful flower beds are broken. The two-story wooden arbor was named by the children of the writer "Snegurochkina", because it was in it that he thought about his famous fairy tale.
There are special programs for children in the reserve. These are meetings with the Snow Maiden, traditional folk games, tea parties and fortune-telling. Craftsmen conduct special classes for the guests of the estate and teach them how to make amulet dolls. And twice a year the museum-reserve invites everyone to big holidays. In mid-June, Ostrovsky's memorial day is celebrated here, and in September, the Shchelykov Readings are held.
Shchelykovo(full title state memorial and natural museum-reserve A. N. Ostrovsky "Shchelykovo") is a museum-reserve in the Kostroma region.
The estate is located near the village of Shchelykovo, 120 km east of Kostroma in the Ostrovsky district of the Kostroma region and 15 km north of the Volga River and the city of Kineshma, Ivanovo region.
History of the estate
In the old days, Shchelykovo was called the wasteland Shalykovo. Since the 17th century, it has belonged to the Kutuzov family. In the 18th century, Shchelykovo became famous thanks to the leader of the Kostroma nobility, retired general F. M. Kutuzov, who built a large stone house, services, greenhouses, created a large landscape park. By his order, in the neighboring village of Berezhki, the outstanding architect S. A. Vorotilov built the church of St. Nicholas.
In the 1770s, the Kutuzovsky house burned down, and was never restored on this site. Its remains can be seen in manor park as early as the end of the 19th century. A large park pavilion was built on the site of the burnt house, which stood until the 1820s. F. M. Kutuzov built a new manor house on the banks of the Kueksha River, but the river suddenly changed its course, and the house ended up on an island. Due to the constant dampness, it was impossible to live in it.
F. M. Kutuzov died in 1801. In 1813 his vast inheritance was divided among his three daughters. Shchelykovo went to P.F. Kutuzova, and after her death in 1825, the estate passed to another sister - V.F. Sipyagina, nee Kutuzova. Her son, A.E. Sipyagin, squandered the estate, and in 1847 Shchelykovo was bought at auction by the father of the writer Nikolai Fedorovich Ostrovsky.
The estate at that time consisted of the main building (" an old house”) and three outbuildings, which housed the courtyard people. There were also all the necessary utility rooms: a large stone horse yard, a two-story barn, a stern shed, a chaff, three cellars, a bathhouse, a stone forge, etc.
Shchelykovo and A. N. Ostrovsky
I didn't like it the first time... This morning we went out to inspect the places for game. The places are amazing. Game abyss. Shchelykovo did not seem to me yesterday, probably because I had built my own Shchelykovo in my imagination before. Today I examined it, and the real Shchelykovo is as much better than the imaginary one, as much as nature is better than a dream.<…>
What rivers, what mountains, what forests!.. If this county were near Moscow or St. the best places Switzerland and Italy.
After the death of his father in 1853, the rights to the estate passed to his wife, Emilia Andreevna, who was unable to maintain the estate at the proper level. From a profitable, growing estate, as it was under Nikolai Fedorovich, Shchelykovo was gradually reduced and turned into a neglected one, the serfs were dissolved.
In 1867, Alexander Nikolayevich, together with his brother Mikhail Nikolayevich, bought his father's estate from his stepmother for 7357 rubles 50 kopecks in installments for three years and put it in order. Since that time, the playwright spends here for 4-5 months. Shchelykovo became the main place of inspiration for A. N. Ostrovsky, here he worked on the plays "Thunderstorm", "Forest", "Wolves and Sheep", "Dowry", "Snow Maiden" ("The Snow Maiden" the playwright wrote in Moscow, but pondered his plan , being in Shchelykovo).
The whole ... most important preparatory process of the planned play usually proceeded with Alexander Nikolayevich during summer holiday in his beloved Shchelykovo. There, while Alexander Nikolaevich sat for hours on the river bank, with a fishing rod in his hand, the play was hatched, carefully thought over and rethought its smallest details ...
From the memoirs of the brother of the writer P. N. Ostrovsky
For his brother, co-owner of the estate of M. N. Ostrovsky, a house was built, which later became known as the “guest house”, since Mikhail Nikolayevich came to Shchelykovo infrequently, and guests were often settled in this house (not preserved). In addition to siblings M. N. Ostrovsky and S. N. Ostrovsky, half-brothers Andrei and Pyotr and sisters Nadezhda and Maria were also frequent guests. On the days of the name day of the owner of the estate and members of his family, theatrical performances were staged, and the house and park were decorated with illumination. At first, in the first years of his stay in Shchelykovo, A. N. Ostrovsky enthusiastically plunged into the economic life of the estate. He wrote out new seeds, breeding animals, acquired agricultural equipment. All this was done in the hope that the proceeds from economic activity will allow not to depend so much on royalties for plays - the playwright did not have enough money. But the reality turned out to be not so rosy: A. N. Ostrovsky, who knew little about agriculture, either turned out to be at a loss every year, or, in a more fortunate set of circumstances, found that he managed to earn exactly as much as his own funds were invested. And A. N. Ostrovsky soon lost interest in farming, shifting most household chores to his wife, and later - to the manager. The philanthropic A. N. Ostrovsky lived in harmony with the local peasants (as it seemed to the playwright himself), but in September 1884, shortly before the Ostrovskys left for Moscow, someone in seven places set fire to the master's threshing floor, where by that time 30,000 sheaves had accumulated of bread. The calculation of the arsonists was that with the wind the fire would spread to the Ostrovskys' house. The wind, fortunately, died down, the house survived, but A. N. Ostrovsky was so shocked by the news of the deliberate arson that it affected his health. In a letter to an acquaintance, he later wrote: “For a long time I was trembling all over, my hands and head were shaking, in addition, a complete lack of sleep and an aversion to food. Not only could I not write, but I could not even connect two thoughts in my head. Even now I have not yet fully recovered and I cannot work more than an hour or two a day. Subsequently, until his death, the playwright's hands were trembling and his head was shaking - he was never able to recover from the shock he experienced. And he did not live long after the incident.
In Shchelykovo, in his office, A. N. Ostrovsky died on June 2 (14), 1886 and was buried in the churchyard of St. Nicholas Church in Berezhki.
Objects of the museum-reserve
- House-Museum of A. N. Ostrovsky ("Old House")
- memorial park
- St. Nicholas Church in Berezhki and the Ostrovsky family necropolis
- Sobolev House
- blue house
- Literary and Theater Museum
House-Museum of A. N. Ostrovsky
The central object of the museum-reserve is a well-preserved manor house buildings of the late XVIII - early XIX centuries, which houses the memorial museum of A. N. Ostrovsky. It is a classical gray wooden building with white-columned porticoes along two facades and two terraces, northern facade having a mezzanine floor and two porches - front and service.
Even on his first visit to Shchelykovo, Ostrovsky noted that the house “surprisingly good both from the outside with the originality of architecture, and inside by the convenience of the premises”.
On the first floor there is an exposition, a significant part of which is the personal belongings of A. N. Ostrovsky and members of his family, items of the original furnishings of the playwright's house.
On the ground floor there is a memorial exposition, a significant part of which is the personal belongings of the playwright and his family members, items of authentic home furnishings. The enfilade of rooms is opened by the dining room, which served as a gathering place for family members and guests of the playwright. Further in the office, a spacious and bright room, there is a desk with books, dictionaries, manuscripts of the playwright, photographs of relatives, friends, actors, writers on it ... The room of the playwright's wife Maria Vasilievna adjoins the office. The next room is the library of A. N. Ostrovsky, the content of which reflects a wide range of his interests. On the mezzanine floor there is an exhibition dedicated to the famous actress of the Maly Theater - A. A. Yablochkina.
St. Nicholas Church and the Ostrovsky family necropolis in Berezhki
The construction of the church of St. Nicholas in Berezhki is associated with a vow given by the first owner of Shchelykov, F. M. Kutuzov, during a severe storm in the Aegean Sea, when he commanded a battalion as part of the Mediterranean squadron of Count A. G. Orlov-Chesmensky.
The two-storey stone St. Nicholas Church was built on the site of a wooden one. The authorship of the project is usually attributed to the prominent Kostroma architect S. A. Vorotilov. The temple was built over 10 years and was consecrated in 1792.
The appearance of the church is very harmonious: it is successfully "fitted" into surrounding nature and has a slender and strict form. As in appearance, and in the interior of the temple, the eclecticism of baroque and classicism styles is manifested. The upper summer temple is notable for its splendor: a rich carved iconostasis, brightly painted walls and ceilings in Western European traditions with elements of Masonic and maritime symbols. The winter temple is modest, there are no wall paintings, and the icons collected in the temple carry the tradition of Orthodox icon painting.
The cemetery at the church is surrounded by a brick fence with eastern and western gate. Here, with south side temple, in a common low forged fence is the Ostrovsky family necropolis. His father, Nikolai Fedorovich Ostrovsky, his wife, Maria Vasilievna Ostrovskaya, and her daughter, Maria Alexandrovna Shatelen, are buried near the grave of the playwright.
Church of St. Nicholas is jointly owned by the Shchelykovo Museum-Reserve and the Kostroma diocese, is a monument of federal significance, protected by the state. Currently under restoration.
In the summer of 2010, a story related to the protracted restoration work at the cemetery, during which the ashes of A. N. Ostrovsky and his relatives remained unburied for several months, received a wide response.
Sanatorium
After the death of the writer, the Shchelykovo estate became a resting place for the actors of the Moscow Maly Theater. Since 1928, Ostrovsky's "Old House" has been officially considered a rest house at the theater.
In 1970, the House of Creativity of the All-Russian Theater Society was founded in Shchelykovo. Interestingly, three residential buildings are named after the heroes of the works of A. N. Ostrovsky "The Snow Maiden", "Berendey" and "Mizgir". Currently, there are a sanatorium, a children's health camp, and a local theater society.
Memorable dates and annual events
- June 14 - Memorial Day of A. N. Ostrovsky.
- Annual "Shchelykov Readings" in September
Manor A.N. Ostrovsky "Shchelykovo"
For almost two decades these scenic spots inspired the work of the great playwright. His most famous works were born here: “Late love”, “There was not a penny, but suddenly Altyn”, “Enough simplicity for every wise man”, “The Last Victim”, “Thunderstorm”, “Forest”, “Wolf and Sheep”, “ Dowry”, “Truth is good, but happiness is better”. It was here that the idea of The Snow Maiden was hatched, the smallest details of this wonderful fairy tale play were thought out.
At present, the museum-reserve is a whole complex, which includes: the house-museum of A.N. Ostrovsky - main object museum-reserve, memorial park, ethnographical museum"Sobolev's House";, the residence of the Snow Maiden "Blue House", the church of St. Nicholas in Berezhki and the Ostrovsky family necropolis, a literary and theatrical museum presenting the exposition "Ostrovsky Theatre".
The playwright's estate and the picturesque nature around it delight our contemporaries just as they delighted A.N. Ostrovsky: “What rivers, what mountains, what forests! If this county were near Moscow or St. Petersburg, it would long ago have turned into an endless park, it would have been compared with the best places in Switzerland and Italy, ”the playwright wrote about Shchelykovo in his diary.
Visitors to the estate are amazed by the multitude of flowers near the manor house and in every room, conquered by the lack of luxury inherent in noble mansions. Everything here is surprisingly simple and homely. The aesthetics of the Russian folk style reigns everywhere. In the house of A.N. Ostrovsky, there is the main part of the memorial exposition of the museum - personal belongings of the playwright and his family members, authentic home furnishings. In the former children's rooms on the mezzanine floor there is an exhibition dedicated to the famous actress of the Maly Theater A.A. Yablochkina.
The Literary and Theater Museum acquaints visitors with the exposition "Ostrovsky Theatre". There are also personal belongings of the playwright, picturesque portraits and photographs of his contemporaries, sketches of costumes and scenery, models for performances and posters. Special attention the exposition is devoted to the works on which Ostrovsky worked in Shchelykovo, especially the plays The Thunderstorm, The Dowry and The Snow Maiden.
The Blue House is a former guest house in the upper Ovrazhki park, which was inherited by Ostrovsky's eldest daughter after the division of the estate between the children. Maria Alexandrovna built on the site guest house new estate on your own project. This building is considered a rare monument of the manor culture of the early 20th century. At present, two libraries have been opened in the Blue House - a scientific and a public one, a reading room, a literary and musical drawing room, and a video room. Here is the residence of the Snow Maiden.
Everywhere in the museum-reserve one can feel spiritual elation, the joy of expecting miracles from natural gifts, from walking along protected paths, meadows and forests, along a flax field.
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The estate of the famous Russian playwright A. N. Ostrovsky Shchelykovo is located in a village 112 km from Kostroma, 15 km from the Volga. The house and other buildings were preserved in memory of the writer, and now Shchelykovo has the status of a state memorial and natural museum-reserve.
The homestead has quite long history: the first buildings were erected here at the end of the 17th century. For a hundred and fifty years Shchelykov was owned by the Kutuzov and Sipyagin families. During the latter, fires occurred that devastated the estate, the economy fell into decay, the last representative of the Sipyagin family completely squandered all his fortune, including Shchelykovo. In 1847, Alexander Nikolaevich N.F. Ostrovsky bought it at an auction, settled in it and began to put financial and economic affairs in order. A year later, the future writer also came there for the first time: by that time he was only 25 years old, and he had only one play to his credit. Twenty years later, Shchelykovo passed to him and his brother, and the new owners begin to rebuild the old buildings, build new houses, arrange the park in a new way. Since then, A. N. Ostrovsky came here every year for 4-5 months with his family: he did business, thought about and wrote the plays that glorified him.
The entire most important preparatory process of the planned play usually took place at Alexander Nikolayevich's during his summer vacation in his beloved Shchelykovo. There, while Alexander Nikolaevich sat for hours on the bank of the river, with a fishing rod in his hand, the play was hatched, carefully thought over and rethought its smallest details ...
Writer's brother P. N. Ostrovsky
However, the playwright did not farm very successfully, he became disillusioned with this occupation and shifted the management of the household to his wife, and then to the manager. The death of Alexander Nikolayevich is also associated with Shchelykov: he believed that the peasants treated him well, until one day one of them tried to start a fire in the estate. Ostrovsky was so shocked that he could not recover, his hands and head were shaking to death. He died in his office in Shchelykovo on June 2 (according to the new style - 14), two years after the incident.
In 1914, all the heirs of the Ostrovskys went to the front, and until 1917 no one lived in Shchelykovo, the houses were boarded up. The Soviet government arranged a volost council, then an orphanage, a rest home for the actors of the Maly Theater. Now on the territory of the museum-reserve there are also Kid `s camp, a sanatorium and a local theater community. In 2016, the Shchelykovo Estate Museum was included in State Register objects of cultural heritage.
What to see
The estate consists of several objects that can be viewed separately, or you can - all at once and with a guide. Firstly, this is the "heart" of the reserve - writer's house. The playwright spent every summer in the estate, creating his best works here. Today, Ostrovsky's house is a museum open to tourists; the atmosphere and even the personal belongings of the writer have been preserved in it as it was during his lifetime. The house is full of photographs of Ostrovsky's friends and family, including his wife, actress Maria Bakhmetyeva, and their six children. Sightseeing tour at the playwright's house lasts an average of 1.5 hours.
Secondly, the structure of the reserve includes literary and theater museum Shchelykovo. Here, tourists are introduced to two existing expositions: "The Ostrovsky Theater" and " fairy world Snow Maiden. The first exhibits the writer's personal belongings, household items, magazines where the playwright's works were published, as well as costumes and scenery for his plays. The second exposition is devoted to the history of the creation of the fairy tale "The Snow Maiden".
The third object that tourists are offered to visit is the current Nicholas Church 2 kilometers from the estate. The stone church was erected in the 18th century, and a legend is associated with this building. One of the first owners of Shchelykov, F. M. Kutuzov, fought in the Russian-Turkish war and, having fallen into a terrible storm on the Aegean Sea, vowed to build a stone church in his estate if he survived. The church has two floors - summer, with more magnificent decoration and painting, and winter - laconic and strict. The writer was buried in this temple. Nearby is the family burial of the Ostrovskys: the writer himself, his father, wife and their daughter Maria Ostrovskaya-Chatelain are buried here.
The tour of Shchelykovo also includes a visit house-museum of Ivan Sobolev. The skillful woodworker Sobolev was a close friend of Ostrovsky, the carved furniture in the writer's estate is the work of his hands. A tour of his house, as a rule, ends for tourists with tea drinking, folk games and rituals.
Another interesting attraction of Shchelykovo is blue house. The two-story blue manor was built by Ostrovsky's daughter Maria Chatelain, the house has been perfectly preserved and restored. Now it is a cultural and educational center with video and reading rooms, musical and literary living room and library. The ticket office of the museum is also located here.
Shchelykovo
Events
At the request of visitors, the museum staff can organize a tea party in nature and original shows: "Signs of the Sweet Antiquity" and "Fashionist's Outfit". In winter, Shchelykovo hosts performances with the participation of the Snow Maiden, folk games and fortune-telling, festive treats and workshops on making folk amulets.
