The oldest building in the world: where is it located? The oldest house in the world

Modern building technologies have evolved over the years, but I highly doubt that Metro or Pyaterochka will last as long as the ancient Egyptian pyramids.

10. Chivik Tomb, Sweden

The royal tomb was built in Scandinavia in bronze age about 3 thousand years ago.

The tomb, built 3,200 years ago, was only opened in 1975. During its study, archaeologists found the remains of a hundred people and their property - bronze bracelets and ceramic buttons.

The tomb was built in the Bronze Age, over 3250 years ago. The treasury of King Anreus until the construction of the Roman Pantheon was considered the largest domed structure of that time.

Karal is the ruins of an ancient large settlement which are located in the Peruvian province of Barranca. Caral is currently considered ancient city America, built over 4600 years ago.

The pyramid was built for the burial of Pharaoh Djoser about 4700 years ago. This complex is the oldest stone building in the world.

The tomb was built approximately 5,000 years ago. Archaeologists found the remains of more than 40 people in the burial. Paleoanthropologists found traces of simple dental operations on some turtles.

This is a prehistoric monument and the oldest building in Ireland, which was erected approximately 5100 years ago.

The building was built between 5200 and 4800 years ago. Most likely, this grandiose monument was a temple or an altar.

The exceptionally well-preserved stone house is the oldest building in Europe. It was built approximately 5500 years ago.

Free-standing structures were built over 5,500 years ago and were used as religious temples. They are considered the oldest prehistoric temples in the world.

sometimes, walking along the old streets, examining the old churches and chambers of the 17th century, we ask ourselves: “Which house is the oldest in Moscow? Well, that is, absolutely the oldest? It is not so easy to answer this question, because many ancient houses have been rebuilt for centuries, and to install exact time construction is not always easy even for restorers. But, nevertheless, we will try to systematize the selection of the oldest buildings in Moscow according to various parameters.

It is considered the most ancient temple in Moscow, although not completely preserved. And, accordingly, the oldest building in Moscow, because at that time almost no stone civil buildings were built, at least nothing has survived to our time since the beginning of the 15th century. And the oldest fortifications are the Kremlin wall, already at the end of the 15th century. According to chronicles, the monastery itself was founded in 1357. After the fire of 1368, in which the original wooden cathedral of the Andronikov Monastery burned down, the stone Spassky Cathedral was built from the plinth, from which white stone reliefs with fragments of zoomorphic and plant compositions, archaic in their style and execution, have been preserved. Between 1420 and 1425 the Cathedral of the Savior was rebuilt again, and the white-stone temple of that time has survived to this day. It is a single-dome, four-pillar, three-apse temple. Andrei Rublev and Daniil Cherny took part in the painting of the cathedral (only fragments of floral ornaments on the slopes of the windows have survived from the original frescoes). In the 19th century, the cathedral underwent significant changes, which began with a partial restoration of the destruction that occurred in 1812. In 1846-1850, according to the project of the architect P. Gerasimov, the porches were rebuilt, two chapels were built from the north and south of the cathedral, a tent top was built above it, and significant alterations were made inside the building. And, the 20th century met the temple in this form: In 1934, in connection with the proposed demolition of the entire Spaso-Andronikov Monastery, the monument was measured, examined by the architect P.N. Maksimov and drafted a restoration project. The work on this monument, published in 1940 by the Academy of Architecture, finally gave everyone a clear idea of ​​the architectural value of the Spassky Cathedral. In 1959-1960. the building of the cathedral was reconstructed in its original forms according to the project of L.A. David and S.S. Podyapolsky. However, the reconstruction of the lost upper part of the temple (the number of kokoshniks at the base of the drum, the shape of the dome, the proportions of the drum) and pre-portal stairs remain controversial. Comparing an old photograph with a view after reconstruction, one can judge what is left of the original church of the 15th century:

In conclusion, it should be said that the Spaso-Andronikov Monastery itself is by no means the oldest in Moscow. The most ancient is considered Svyato-Danilov, founded by the Moscow prince Daniil Alexandrovich (Daniel of Moscow), the youngest son of Prince Alexander Nevsky at the end of the 13th century. But, such ancient buildings were not preserved there.

The oldest civil building in Moscow is the faceted chamber in the Kremlin. Years of construction: 1487 - 1491.

Built in 1487 - 1491 by decree of Ivan III by Italian architects Marco Ruffo and Pietro Antonio Solari. The name is taken from the eastern facade, finished with faceted stone rust (diamond rust), characteristic of Italian Renaissance architecture. Sometimes it is mistakenly considered that the name comes from the main hall of the chamber, located on the second floor. The hall is covered with cross vaults resting on the central pillar, which give the ceiling a kind of “cutting”. It was originally called the Grand Chamber. It was built on the site of an ancient gridni (dining room). The Great Chamber was the front waiting room of the palace. Next to the Grand Chamber, the Middle Chamber was built. In front of the Middle Chamber, the Upper Porch (Front Passages) was built. Between the staircase at the Great Chamber and the middle staircase was the Red Gate, which led from the inner courtyard of the palace to the square. middle stairs led to the vestibule of the Middle Chamber. The Middle Chamber has been called the Middle Golden Chamber since 1517, or simply the Golden Chamber. Behind the middle chamber was the Dining Hut. Behind the Dining Hut there were towers. In 1681, the Dining Hut and the Middle Golden Chamber were dismantled. In the 16th century, the walls and vaults in the interior of the chamber were painted with frescoes. In 1668, the painting was resumed by Simon Ushakov, having compiled a detailed inventory of the plots. Contemporary painting was made by Palekh icon painters in 1881 in accordance with the inventory of Ushakov. The Faceted Chamber was redesigned in 1684 by the architect Osip Startsev. The double lancet windows were hewn and decorated with ornate white stone architraves with columns entwined with vines. During the construction of the Grand Kremlin Palace in 1838-1849, the building was integrated into the complex with the Terem Palace and the Grand Kremlin Palace. Through the Holy vestibule it connected with the Vladimir Hall. The Faceted Chamber is the main ceremonial reception hall of the Grand Duke's Palace. It hosted meetings of the Boyar Duma, meetings of the Zemsky Sobors, festivities in honor of the conquest of Kazan (1552), the victory at Poltava (1709), the conclusion of the Nystadt peace with Sweden (1721). Here, at the Zemsky Sobor in 1653, a decision was made to reunite Ukraine with Russia. For the queen and the children of the king, a secret viewing tent was set up in the Faceted Chamber. The viewing tent was located on the western side of the chamber, above the Holy Entrance, opposite royal seat(throne). A viewing grill was inserted into the window. The lattice was hung with a curtain. In the observation tent, the queen and children watched various magnificent ceremonies, including the receptions of ambassadors. On south side facade is a staircase, which is now called the "Red Porch". Russian tsars and emperors passed along it to be crowned in the Assumption Cathedral. The last procession took place during the coronation of Nicholas II in 1896. In 1930, the staircase was removed by order of I. V. Stalin and in 1994 restored again. The area in front of the entrance to the Faceted Chamber was called the Red Porch. All petitioners who brought petitions addressed to the tsar were to stand at the Red Porch. Petitions collected duma clerks. At the Red Porch and in the cellars of the Faceted Chamber there was a guard of archers. Currently, the Faceted Chamber is one of the representative halls at the Residence of the President of the Russian Federation.

The oldest civil building outside the Kremlin is the English Court in Zaryadye. Years of construction: late XV - early XVI century.

These white-stone residential chambers appeared in the 15th century and belonged to the bed-keeper Ivan Bobrischev, also known by the nickname "Yushka". Since the latter, apparently, left no heirs, in the next century the building became state-owned and was somewhat rebuilt. In 1553, Sir Richard Chancellor discovered the northern sea ​​route connecting England with Russia. In 1556, Tsar Ivan the Terrible, who was interested in establishing trade relations with Europe, “welcomed the British in Moscow by court”, giving them the right to free and duty-free trade in all Russian cities, serious customs benefits, and a number of other trade privileges. This state of affairs served as the basis for the creation in London in 1555 of the trading Moscow company. The British supplied Russia with weapons, gunpowder, saltpeter, lead, pewter, and cloth. In return, they exported wood, hemp, ropes, wax, leather, blubber, and furs. As premises for the Moscow office, the British merchants were given a house in Zaryadye. Like many merchant houses of that era, the building combined front rooms with extensive storage and utility rooms (goods using a simple block rose along the wall to the warehouse window). For its maintenance, the English embassy daily received a quarter of an ox, 4 rams, 12 chickens, 2 geese, one hare or black grouse, 62 loaves of bread, 50 eggs, a quarter of a bucket of Mediterranean wine, 3/4 buckets of beer, half a bucket of vodka and 2 buckets of honey. Trade relations with England were severed in 1649, when the execution of King Charles I in Great Britain provoked a deep diplomatic crisis between Russia and England. By decree of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, British trade and diplomatic representatives were expelled from the country, and the property of the Moscow Company was confiscated. After the British, the chambers were owned by a relative of the tsar, boyar I.A., for 20 years. Miloslavsky. After the death of Miloslavsky, the chambers again became the property of the state and were assigned to the Posolsky order, and at the end of the 17th century they were allocated under the metochion of the Metropolitan of Nizhny Novgorod. At the beginning of the 18th century, Tsar Peter I organized here one of the first Arithmetic Schools in Russia. In the middle of the 18th century, the chambers passed into private ownership, and during the 18th-20th centuries, representatives of various merchant families (Solodovnikovs, Milas, etc.) owned the building. Various owners constantly rebuilt the building, and by the middle of the 20th century, the chambers of the Old English Court on Varvarka had completely lost their original appearance and were considered irretrievably lost. In Soviet times, the house was used for residential apartments and various institutions. From 1949 to 1966 it housed the Foreign Literature Library. This is how the rebuilt and built-on English Court looked before the restoration of the 1960s:

In the mid-1960s, when Zaryadye had already been demolished, the restorer Pyotr Baranovsky discovered this monument of history and culture behind later layers. Baranovsky insisted on preserving the monument, since a car ramp was supposed to be built in its place. In the course of his research in 1968-1969, the historical basis of the monument, hidden by the structures of later additions, was revealed, and a comprehensive study was carried out. Then, based on the information collected in 1970-1972, the chambers were returned (with a certain degree of approximation) to the appearance that they had at the end of the 16th century. According to the data preserved in the masonry itself, window and door openings, hewn at a later time, as well as lost decorative elements, were restored. Where evidence of the most ancient forms did not survive at all, later reconstructions were left. For example, wide window openings of the end of the 18th century were left on the eastern facade of the building.

The oldest civil building outside the Earthen City - travel palace Basil III. Years of construction: end of the 16th century.

The travel palace of the Grand Duke of Moscow Vasily III (father of Ivan the Terrible) was discovered on Staraya Basmannaya Street (house 15). The find was a real scientific discovery, because it was previously believed that this beautiful legend and nothing remains of the former palace. The modest-looking mansion turned out to be a double monument. As it turned out during the restoration, the building served as the basis for the construction of the Golitsyn estate. Now the house of the Golitsyn estate of the 18th century is located on top. Inside - a travel palace, as historians suggest, the father of Ivan the Terrible Vasily III. The white-stone masonry of the end of the 16th century was discovered when the restoration of the later part, the Golitsyn part, began. The layout of the palace has been preserved almost completely. Historians found out that they built this kind of royal hotel on special place. Here they met the famous icon of Vladimir Mother of God in 1395, which, according to legend, saved Rus' from the invasion of Tamerlane. Unfortunately, historical monuments suffered from the invasion of unprofessional restorers. At first, time worked on the appearance of the house on Staraya Basmannaya, and then plasterers and painters from neighboring countries. This is how the building looked before the recent unsuccessful restoration:

It is impossible to get inside the building: the new tenants of the royal chambers prefer to keep the doors locked. So far, the priceless white stone vaults have been sealed with drywall. Restorers do not lose optimism: the owners change, but the building remains. It is hoped that in the future it will be possible to carry out some more work.

The oldest residential building today is the Golitsyn Chamber. Years of construction - the second half of the XVII century.

Chambers Golitsyn (Krivokolenny pereulok, 10) - the oldest of the buildings that are still residential. Three stone buildings main building and two long side wings) with fragments of buildings of the late 17th - early 18th centuries constituted a city estate, from the 1760s. owned by P.F. Golitsyn and already then had a symmetrical layout, which makes it an early example of building according to an ordered planning scheme. The outbuildings are placed on the red line, the main building is moved deep into the yard. Previously, it was believed that the 17th century chamber was preserved only on the first floor of the main house, but a few years ago, restorers discovered that the second, and even the third floors were also built at the same time, in the 17th century! Vaulted chambers with 2-sided lighting, fragments of profiled brick cornices were found in the outbuildings. In 1859 the buildings were expanded with extensions and received their own modern look. The house is still inhabited to this day. From the side of the courtyard, a very picturesque front garden with a hammock and tables adjoins the house:

Competitor to this building, until recently, were the built-on chambers of the Guryevs, who stood in the neighboring Potapovsky Lane. Also a residential building, but due to a fire in 2009, it was evicted.

The oldest five-story building is the malting house in the Simonov Monastery. Years of construction: XVI - second half of the XVII centuries.

The height of this building is really impressive - we see a five-story building of the 16th-17th centuries! Four floors, and a high attic, which is essentially the fifth floor. According to surviving documents, this building was intended to store the monastery's food supplies. For all the modesty of its architecture, the hand of an experienced architect is also visible here, skillfully using the arrangement of window openings for the rhythmic articulation of the facade and building a spectacular gallery that once existed on pillars with a wide staircase. From the east, to the end wall of the building, at one time richly decorated with a figured pediment, a second staircase rose, leading to the third floor, which was due to the unwritten rule to have external rather than internal stairs. The first floor of the dryer, which consisted of two chambers on the sides of the vestibule, testifies to the influence of the layout of residential buildings. The hall rooms of the second and third floors (the vaults of the second are now broken), striking with an abundance of light, speak of the impact of the new planning forms of public and industrial buildings of that time. The competitor to this building is the Terem Palace in the Kremlin, which, in fact, is also 5-storey, but everything is not so obvious there, the upper floors were built in the 17th century on earlier chambers, and its volume turned out to be stepped, not as vertical as the malt shop.

Going to almost any country, you can see architectural buildings that are more than 5000 thousand years old. There are quite a few places like this on the planet. The buildings that have survived on our land are sometimes simply amazing. They don't look like buildings. modern architecture people don't live there. Historians wonder which of them is the oldest building in the world? To this day, they cannot give a definite answer to this question. However, there are a couple of cities that should be visited by any traveler, because they contain the history of mankind since the birth of great civilizations. About them we will talk In this article.

The oldest buildings in the world

In India, the oldest building is considered Taj Mahal Palace . The temple was built from white marble Padishah of Shah Jahan in the name of love and devotion to his wife amazing beauty Mumtaz Mahal. Erected in 1631, it combines several styles. A bright element of the palace is a white marble dome. The mausoleum occupies the main place in the palace. Inside it is a huge number of halls, decorated with mosaics. In one of the rooms there is the coffin of the ruler, who, after his death, wished that the body be buried near his beloved.

In the list "The oldest buildings preserved in modern world» historians includedTemple of Queen Hatshepsut in Egypt . It is named after the woman who was the only recognized pharaoh. Construction went on from 1482 to 1473 BC. The building turned out to be of magnificent beauty, but, unfortunately, over time it has undergone severe destruction. Some of them occurred due to natural causes - the building is located near a steep cliff. Also damage ancient building was caused at the direction of Thutmose III, whom the queen removed from rule for as much as 15 years. Recovery started with 1961 Today, Polish restorers are assembling the sanctuary bit by bit. The object is located at a considerable distance from the buildings of other kings erected in the Theban necropolis. On the walls are pictures of reliefs that reflect the lifestyle of the inhabitants of the country, the pyramids of that time. The main plot of the reliefs is the story of the birth of the queen. In front of the entrance to the upper terrace there are statues of the queen with a false golden beard - an attribute of male power. In terms of religion ancient egypt, a woman could not take the place of a ruler, because the pharaoh was considered the incarnation of the god Horus, and he is a man. Therefore, the ruler is depicted in this form.

Pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara - the oldest surviving on earth architectural buildings. architectural masterpiece It was created by the ancient Egyptian architect and supreme dignitary of the pharaoh - Imhotep around 2650 BC as a funeral structure for the pharaoh's family.

preserved in Rome Mamertine Dungeon 578 BC, where the offenders were. According to legend, they spent last days life of the apostles Peter and Paul.

Also the oldest mysterious building in the world - Stonehenge in England . Years of construction - from 1100 to 3500 BC. Approximately 80 stones of different breeds, weighing up to 50 tons, were used for the building: dolerite, volcanic tuff. For a long time, no historian could unravel the reason for its appearance. D. Hawkins published a book about this in the 60s. In it, he described how the stone ring, built of stones, was used as an observatory, allowing the British to make astronomical observations and calculations.

The oldest building in Russia

There are many buildings in the Russian Federation that witnessed historical events. Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin , erected from 1475-1479, was rebuilt by workers under the control of the city planner Aristotle Fioravanti. The building has been well preserved to our times. To this day, services are held here.

Can't be ignoredChurch of John the Baptist in Kerch , which dates back to the 8th century AD. Located in the very center of the city, the oldest known building in Russia today is the St. Sophia Temple, built by Prince Vladimir in 1050. The monastery of the princess in Vladimir, of the thirteenth century, which was rebuilt many times, experienced ruin, but survived. Walking along the streets of the city of Pereyaslavl-Zalessky, you can see the church built by Yuri Dolgoruky.

The oldest building in Moscow

For today most old building V Russian capital recognized Spassky Church of the Spaso-Andronikov Monastery . According to the legend, the first wooden building was erected in 1357. The oldest famous building in Moscow burned down during a fire in 1368. A new stone Temple of God was built on the site. In this form, he has reached our days. Scientists managed to conduct a thorough study that proves the historical and cultural significance of the building.

Original taken from d_popovskiy in 25 ancient wooden buildings of the world

I already wrote about the surviving wooden buildings in Manhattan. Today I propose to look at the old wooden buildings from different corners peace. Many of them have already been mentioned by me on Facebook. I did not have a special method for selecting buildings for the post, everything that accidentally fell into the field while surfing the Internet and seemed interesting to me was immediately sent to my wall. The only restriction is that the buildings had to be built no later than 1700, i.e. the end of the 17th century. Thus, in the post collected 25 buildings representing 10 centuries wooden architecture. Not being able to actively travel the world and shoot all these objects myself, I had to resort to the help of Wikipedia and Flickr.

VII CENTURY

1. Pagoda and condo in Horyu-ji
Ikaruga, Nara, Japan

The temple was founded by Prince Shotoku in 607. In 670, due to a lightning strike, the complex completely burned down and was rebuilt by 700. Several times the temple was repaired and rebuilt. The work took place at the beginning of the XII century, in 1374 and 1603. Despite this, it is believed that 15-20% of Kondo's buildings retained the original temple materials when reconstructed. This makes the Horyu-ji (pagoda and condo) the oldest surviving wooden buildings in the world.

XI CENTURY

2. Kirkjubøargarur
Faroe islands

Kirkjubøargarður is one of the oldest inhabited wooden houses in the world, dating from around the 11th century. In 1100, it housed an episcopal residence and a seminary. After the Reformation that took place in the Faroe Islands in 1538, all real estate catholic church was captured by the king of Denmark. Today this land is owned by the government Faroe Islands. The Patursson family has been renting the land since 1550. The house is a museum, but the 17th generation of Patursson still lives in it.

3. Grinstead Church (St Andrew's Church)
Grinstead, Essex, UK

Grinstead Church is the oldest surviving stave church in the world and one of the oldest stave buildings in Europe. Initially, it was believed that the church was built in 845, but recent dendrochronological studies have rejuvenated the building by two hundred years. The brick extension appeared in the 1500s, and White Tower- in the 17th century.

The church is an example of the traditional Saxon way of building.

4. Shakyamuni Pagoda at Fogong Temple
Shanxi, China

The Shakyamuni Pagoda at Fogong Temple is the oldest wooden pagoda in China. It was built in 1056-1195. It is alleged that during its 900-year history, the pagoda has survived at least 7 major earthquakes, and one of them almost completely destroyed the main temple complex. Until the 20th century, the building underwent 10 minor repairs.

XII CENTURY

5. Stave Church in Urnes
Urnes, Luster, Norway

The stave church is the most common type of wooden medieval temples. From the 11th to the 16th centuries about 1,700 stave churches were built in Norway. Most of the buildings were demolished in the 17th century. In 1800, there were 95 such temples, and only 28 buildings have survived to this day. In Norway, the attitude of the people to the stave churches and the replication of their image is twofold. On the one hand, the government is pursuing an active protectionist policy in relation to cultural heritage, the majority of the population reveres them as shrines. On the other hand, militant representatives of youth subcultures, pagans and Satanists are methodically destroying these ancient architectural monuments. The only thing the Norwegian government can do to prevent arson is to install expensive tracking and fire extinguishing systems.

The stave church in Urnes is the oldest surviving stave church in Norway, built around 1130, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Ornament on one of the walls of the Urnes Stave Church:

6. Stave Church Hopperstad
Vikoyri, Norway

The Stave Church was built in 1140.

Interior:

XIII CENTURY

7. Stave Church in Heddal
Heddal, Notodden, Telemark, Norway

The Stave Church in Heddal is the largest surviving frame church. The exact year of construction is unknown, the building dates from the beginning of the 13th century. The church was repeatedly rebuilt and reconstructed.

The last major reconstruction, carried out in the 1950s, returned the appearance of the stave church as close as possible to the original. The church building still contains about a third of the wood used in construction in the 13th century.

XIV CENTURY

8. Kapellbrücke Bridge
Lucerne, Switzerland

The Kapellbrücke Bridge was built in 1365 and is the oldest wooden covered bridge in Europe. Under the ridge of the roof along the entire bridge there are 111 triangular paintings that tell about the most important points in the history of Switzerland. In 1993, Kapelbrücke was badly damaged in a fire believed to have been started by a cigarette not extinguished. 78 out of 111 paintings were destroyed. The bridge and part of the paintings were restored according to the preserved inventory list.

9. Church of the Ascension of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Michael the Archangel in Haczuv
Haczow, Poland

Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Michael the Archangel - a gothic wooden church in the village of Chaczów, along with others wooden churches southern Małopolska and Podkarpattya included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. The church was built in the XIV century, presumably in 1388. In 2006, work began on updating the shingle. The cost of the work is more than 100 thousand euros.

The interior of the church is also valuable, including: the baroque main altar of the end of the 17th century, vessels of the 17th-18th centuries, Gothic sculptures of the 15th century, a stone font of the 16th century, Gothic portals. In addition, the interior is decorated with a unique polychrome of 1494. It is probably the oldest polychrome of its kind in Europe.

10. Church of the Resurrection of Lazarus
Kizhi, Russia

The exact date of construction of the church is unknown, but it is believed that it was built before 1391. The building was erected by the Monk Lazar, who lived 105 years and died in 1391. The church became the first building of the future Murom Monastery. After the revolution, on the site of the Murom Holy Assumption Monastery, the authorities organized an agricultural commune named after. Trotsky, after 1945 - a home for the disabled, and in the 1960s the place was deserted. In 1959, the Church of the Resurrection of Lazarus was dismantled and transported to Kizhi, where it was restored in 1960.

The iconostasis has been preserved in the church, consisting of 17 icons of the 16th-18th centuries and representing the oldest type of two-tiered iconostasis.

XV CENTURY

11. Het Houten Huys
Amsterdam, Netherlands

Apart from the suburbs that entered the city boundaries later, two wooden building. The oldest of them is Het Houten Huys built in 1425.

12. Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in Kolodnoe
Kolodnoe, Transcarpathia, Ukraine

The church was built in 1470. This is the oldest wooden temple in Ukraine and one of the oldest monuments in Europe. wooden architecture. In 2007-2008, restoration work was carried out, as a result of which the roof was replaced, the arcade on the bell tower was closed with a bird net, the doors were repaired, all holes and cracks in the log cabins were plugged with wooden stakes.

13. Church of the Deposition of the Robe from the village of Borodava
Kirillov, Russia

The Church of the Deposition of the Robe is the oldest precisely dated preserved monument of wooden architecture in Russia. The building was built in 1485 in the village of Borodava, located near the famous Feropontov Monastery. In 1957 the church was moved to the city of Kirillov. Currently, it is located on the territory of the New City of the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery.

14. Rothenburgerhaus
Lucerne, Switzerland

Rotenburgerhaus was built around 1500 and is the oldest residential wooden building in Switzerland.

15. Huis van Jan Brouckaerd (House of Jan Brouckaerd)
Ghent, Netherlands

Medieval houses with wooden facades have been preserved in the Netherlands. One of them is Huis van Jan Brouckaerd built in the 16th century.

16. De Waag and De Steur
Mechelen, Belgium

The buildings De Waag and De Steur were built on the Salt Wharf in the first half of the 16th century. They can be seen on an old postcard in the center of the frame.

The buildings were restored in 1927.

17. Church of St. Catherine
Ostrava, Czech Republic

The building was the oldest wooden church Central Europe. The original church was built in 1543. However, in 2002, a misfortune happened - from a short circuit in the electrical wiring, the church flared up and burned down in a few minutes. So Ostrava lost one of its oldest buildings.

Residents of the Ostrava region are considered people who are indifferent to religion. Nevertheless, more than two million Czech crowns were collected for the restoration of the temple. There were also donations from entrepreneurs, parishioners from other cities of the country, and even from Polish believers. Rector Jiří Strnište says that an old woman from Ivano-Frankivsk came to visit him, who came to visit her daughter, who works at a construction site in Ostrava, and donated two hundred crowns for the restoration of the church.

The construction took about two years. During the restoration of the church, an old tree that survived the fire was used so that the church of St. Catherine was not deleted from the list of architectural monuments. According to the abbot, they had to "literally on sticks, pieces of wood and planks, almost crawling on their knees, to collect pieces of unburned wood." The temple was restored using traditional methods of building wooden buildings. The grand opening took place on October 30, 2004.

18. De Duiveltjes
Mechelen, Belgium

The house was built in 1545-1550 and restored in 1867.

The building has a unique wooden facade, decorated with carved monsters - satyrs and devils, which gave the house its nickname.

19. Oude Huis
Amsterdam, Netherlands

As mentioned above, only two wooden buildings have survived in Amsterdam. One of them is Het Houten Huys, and the second is Oude Huis, located at Zeedijk 1. The building was built in the 1550s.

XVII CENTURY

20. Pitstone Windmill
Pitstone, Buckinghamshire, UK

The mill was built presumably in 1627 and is considered the oldest windmill England. In 1902, the building was seriously damaged by a monstrous storm. In 1922, the ruined mill was bought by a farmer whose land was located nearby. In 1937, he donated the building to the National Trust, but it was not until 1963 that renovation work began. Moreover, they were carried out by volunteers at their own expense. The mill is currently open to the public on Sundays in the summer.

Flickr

Over the centuries, the house was rebuilt, central part building is the oldest.

24. Wurlezer House
Staten Island, New York, USA

The Dutch word "voorlezer" (reader) was applied among the Dutch colonists to active people who took on semi-official duties associated with active participation in local legislation, education and religious life. After the capture of the Dutch colonies by the British, the wurlezers continued to keep records and documentation. The last person to be given such a title retired in 1789. His successor already held the rank of clerk.
The building, located on Staten Island, was built around 1695 and is the oldest wooden school building in the United States. On the ground floor there was a living room and Big hall for church services. The second floor was occupied by a bedroom and another large hall, which, it is believed, was intended for school classes.

25. Spaso-Zashiverskaya Church
Baryshevsky village council, Novosibirsk region, Russia