The Sea of ​​Azov is the most. Sea of ​​Azov - in pictures. Northern coast of the Sea of ​​Azov

Stanitsa Golubitskaya

A popular holiday destination on the Taman Peninsula. A small village (population a little over four thousand) is surrounded by greenery and vineyards and is located 8 km from the city of Temryuk (the nearest railway station is also located here), 55 km from Anapa (here is the nearest airport) and 149 km from Krasnodar.

Sandy, mixed with small shell rock, enriched with healthy minerals, the beaches of the village of Golubitskaya are ideal for families with children. Warm and shallow sea, sandy and flat bottom.

There are many natural attractions on the territory of the village. For example, Golubitskoye Lake is a large, but shallow lake with therapeutic mud, which is convenient for taking mud baths not only for adults, but also for children. Or amazing beauty estuaries overgrown with lotuses and representing an unforgettable sight during the flowering period.

From entertainment - the largest water park on the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov, on the territory of which there is a guest house, which gives the right to free access to all recreational activities on the territory of the water park and the water park itself, as well as the Dolphinarium, where funny performances are held twice a day.

On Taman you can also visit ethnographic complex"Ataman" - an open-air museum dedicated to the life and life of the Cossacks, or go to an ostrich farm in Abinsk, visit the Tizdar mud volcano, take a horseback ride or take a boat trip along the Kuban River.

And there is also the opportunity to take a flight on a light aircraft of the Sky flying club and visit a sailing school, a windsurfing club or a paragliding center.

During the season, many residents rent out housing to vacationers. Right on the seashore next to the beach, you can rent, if desired, a guest house, a room in a boarding house or at a recreation center.

Stanitsa Dolzhanskaya (Dolzhanka)

The village of Dolzhanskaya is located on the Dolgaya Spit, 40 km from the city of Yeysk (the nearest airport is also located here). The nearest railway station from the village is Starominskaya, and Dolzhanka itself has its own pier.

Calm quiet holiday without much entertainment in this small sea ​​village, which is a nature reserve with unique nature, is also good for family vacation.

The sandy-shell sloping beach is located on the Dolgaya spit, which goes into the sea for 11 kilometers and separates the Sea of ​​Azov and the Taganrog Bay.

Pine forest, steppe herbs and flowers enhance the healing effect of local healing mud, saturated with minerals shell beaches. And all this as a whole creates a healing and very useful environment for the human body.

For accommodation - several guest houses and boarding houses and a hospitable private sector.

From entertainment, in addition to relaxing on the beach, enterprising locals offer horseback riding tours in the area and horseback riding lessons. Also, these places are very popular with windsurfers.

Yes, yes, this is the very well-known resort village on the shores of the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov thanks to the popular comedy series. To be honest, I didn't know it existed. . Kuchugury is located 80 kilometers from Anapa, 40 kilometers from the city of Temryuk, 25 kilometers from Kerch.

In Kuchugury there is a sandy beach with fine golden sand and small shell rock and the Sea of ​​Azov, which is always clean and shallow in this place. The water is warm and warms up well. Just right for little kids.

The convenient location of the village allows you to get to the beach from any point on foot in no more than 15 minutes.

There is not much entertainment, but on the beach you can ride a "banana", fly on a parachute. Plus, a quiet place, a relaxing holiday, fresh fruits and dishes from freshly caught fish - what else is needed for a relaxing holiday with children. Not far from the sea in the center of the village there is an amusement park for children "Emelya".

From housing - mainly the private sector. But there are mini-hotels, a small hotel, guest houses. From the names I remember the guest house "Matchmakers". Prices, according to reviews, are quite affordable.

Peresyp village

A small village, pleasant for families, is also located in the Temryuk region. Approximately 15 kilometers from the village of Kuchugury and 7 kilometers from the village of Golubitskaya. This is another great place for families with children. Sand and shell beaches on the Peresyp spit, shallow water, warm and clear sea. Very close to the Lotus Valley, healing lake"Blue Beam".

Resort Primorsko-Akhtarsk

Another resort in the Krasnodar Territory on the shores of the Sea of ​​Azov. The city is located 150 kilometers from Krasnodar (there is an airport here, there is also an airport in the city of Yeysk). In Primorsko-Akhtarsk itself there is a bus station, a railway station, a pier.

Several days were spent on choosing a place to stay. And, although I really liked the resorts of the Temryuk region, I had to postpone these options for the time being, because they are located farther away. And we would not want the trip by car to be very long and tiring. The city of Yeysk turned out to be the closest resort to us on the Sea of ​​Azov.

Yeysk is our choice

Yeysk is a southern port city in the northwestern part of the Krasnodar Territory with many parks, green alleys and shady squares and numerous beaches from the side of the Yeysk estuary and the Taganrog Bay.

Enough in Yeysk and children's entertainment:

• Water park "Nemo" on the shore of the Taganrog Bay on Primorskaya Embankment
• Dolphinarium (Shmidt St., 16/1)
• Crocodile canyon with amazing snakes, crocodiles, turtles (Schmidt st., 16/1)
• Children's center "Bingo-Bongo" (Krasnaya St., 74/2), where you can have a lot of fun and organized time with children of different ages
• Oceanarium " shark reef» (Schmidt st., 15/1).
• Park them. Poddubny with more than 30 types of attractions. This oldest park Kuban, which is located on the shores of the Taganrog Bay.

In addition, Yeysk is one of the best mud resorts on the Azov-Black Sea coast, with a healthy climate, a shallow, well-heated sea and sandy, shell and pebble beaches.

The resort is located at the base of the Yeisk Spit on the peninsula and is washed by the Sea of ​​Azov from three sides. Yeysk is located 180 kilometers from Rostov-on-Don and 250 kilometers from Krasnodar.

You can get to Yeysk in different ways: by car, by plane, or by water transport.

Peak rest was taken as the initial parameters. tourist season(second half of July), accommodation - in budget hotels (2-3 stars), location - near the sea and the beach area, meals - set meals in inexpensive cafes, the cost of an excursion that is popular in this place, and the cost of a ticket for public transport, as well as the cost of railway station or airport to your accommodation (but only by public transport). According to these parameters, the city of Yeysk entered the top five budget beach holidays. Here you can relax for 2140 rubles.

All this in general and in general, as well as the formed opinion based on the study of a large number of reviews already resting in these places with children, put an end to the choice. The only thing left to do was to find suitable housing. We counted on a budget in the range of 12-14 thousand for 7 days for four: two adults and two children.

Preference was given to mini-hotels, guest houses and turnkey houses. I want to say that good options for these dates were already, for the most part, booked. People took care of the future summer holiday. Therefore, they chose from what was left. Although, of course, sometimes the thought crept in: do not book anything, but go to the "maybe" and find your bearings on the spot. But we were traveling with kids. Therefore, the surprise factor could play a bad joke on us in this case.

The choice of housing in Yeysk

First, it was necessary to understand in which area it is better to choose. Because the sea is there from all sides: from the east - the Yeisk Estuary, from the west - the Taganrog Bay.

We were focused on a calm, quiet rest, so the following were important:

• Sea within walking distance
• Sandy beach with good conditions for children
• Small number of guests
• Any children's entertainment
• Comfortable accommodation with all amenities.

I must say right away that on the first day I was simply confused by the abundance of offers and, after spending half a day, I did not understand where and what to look for. A lot has been offered different types housing - hotels and boarding houses, guest houses and recreation centers, mini-hotels, apartments and private houses.

In order to somehow streamline and narrow the search area, I decided to understand for myself and try to figure out which area of ​​the city has the most suitable conditions for us. And since the main condition is a good children's beach in the immediate vicinity, it was decided to start by exploring the beaches of Yeysk.

Yeysk beaches

As it turned out, there are several of them in the city and they are very diverse: sandy, pebble, shell, stony and, most often, mixed (sand-shell and pebble-sand).

The main beaches are located on the Yeisk Spit: Central City Beach, Children's Beach, located opposite the Central Beach, Youth Beach, Kamenka Beach. There are also small individual beaches on the coast of the Yeisk estuary (area of ​​the second microdistrict).

To make it clearer, let's take a closer look at each.

Central city beach

Stretched along the Taganrog Bay for about half a kilometer. Considered (according to reviews) the most good beach in the city. Clean, the bottom and shore are sandy, a gentle entrance, a small depth at the entrance and a maximum depth of up to 1.5 meters. The water warms up well.

Lots of entertainment for adults and children. The beach is equipped with changing cabins, paid toilets, there is a rental of sun loungers and umbrellas, sprawling trees create a natural shadow. There are places to eat.

The central city beach is divided into two parts: Central - from the side of the Taganrog Bay and Children's Beach from the side of the Yeysk estuary. They are located across the road from each other.

Children's city beach

Its length is approximately 300 meters, not a very large coastal beach area. Sandy-shell (mixed) coast. Not deep, the greatest depth is 1-1.5 meters. A lot of entertainment for children (trampolines, water slides, "bananas", jet skis, "pills").

For children - perfect and perfect safe place. Complete absence of waves. If among adults there are no lovers of swimming at a depth, it is quite a suitable place to relax with children.

The central city beach, both for adults and for children, is considered by many vacationers to be the best. The only drawback is that there are a lot of people there, and you need to come there early.

At the very end of the Yeisk Spit there is also Molodezhny Beach (here is the maximum depth), but we will not talk about it, since its name speaks for itself.

The beaches of the Yeisk Liman

They are located in the water area of ​​the Yeisk Liman in the right part of the city in the form of small sections along coastline. According to reviews, the most popular sections of the beach are near Nizhnesadovaya Street at the intersection with Pionerskaya, Plekhanova, Krasnaya, Barrikadnaya and Svoboda streets.

The beaches that are located closer to the Central Beach are mostly small pebbles, further along the coast - sand and shells. The entrance to the sea is gentle, even, the bottom is sand and silt, the maximum depth is up to 1 meter. These are quiet, calm beaches, but, according to reviews, they are not equipped (“wild beaches”).

Kamenka beach

If we go down a little to the south from the Central Beach from the side of the Taganrog Bay, then we get to the Kamenka beach. This is a little south of the Yeysk port. The beach stretches for about a kilometer along the coast along the Taganrog Bay. The depth does not reach more than one and a half meters.

The coastal coast is heterogeneous: the sandy beach is interspersed with areas covered with stones (apparently, because of this, the beach got its name).

On the northern side of the beach, from the port to Rostovskaya street, the coast is mostly sandy and comfortable. From Rostovskaya and further, the beach becomes more and more rocky and gradually turns into pebble.

Another children's beach - "Goat Beach"

This is the part of Kamenka beach, which is located between the port and the water park. "Goat Beach" is ideal for families with small children (it is also called "children's beach"), but it is located in the waters of the Taganrog Bay south of the port. This is the shallowest (at the deepest point the water barely reaches the knee) sandy beach in the city. Its length is about 300 meters. A lot of sand, the water warms up well. Little kids love this beach. In addition, it is located next to the water park.

As far as I understand, Goat Beach is also called Melyaki Beach (probably because it is the shallowest sea in the city). Initially, I thought that these were two different beaches, but after comparing their descriptions, I decided that we were talking about the same children's beach.

There are other children's entertainments on the Kamenka beach: an oceanarium and a dolphinarium. There are other advantages of this beach: few people, silence, calmness, warm sea, magnificent sunsets that open from the Primorskaya embankment, almost everywhere is shallow, sand islands, formed as a result of low tides - a real creative workshop for young architects and builders of castles and palaces.

What I noticed: the sea in Yeysk is shallow. For us, this is a plus, but those who rely on greater depth may be disappointed. And the water in the sea (judging by the description and reviews) is not transparent, but muddy, due to the suspension of sand particles and silt mud present in it (by the way, useful for the human body). And there are no big dangerous waves and storms in Yeysk.

After analyzing all this information and re-reading a lot of reviews, I came to the conclusion that swimming with children is best on Kamenka or on the Central Beach. But since we wanted a not very noisy and crowded beach, preference was given to housing from the side of the Taganrog Bay in the Kamenka beach area.

It was in this area, or rather at the location of the children's beach "Melyaki" (or "Goat Beach") and the main children's entertainment, that the search for housing was concentrated (at the intersection of Schmidt, Morskaya, Kalinin, Oktyabrskaya streets from Nizhnesadovaya to Rostovskaya).

Yeysk hotels on the map:

All sorts of options were offered to choose from: hotels and boarding houses, guest houses, apartments in high-rise buildings, turnkey houses and the private sector. But we wanted to stay in mini-hotels or guest houses.

After reviewing the various options, a selection was made according to the following criteria: close to the sea (so that you can walk), so that the shore is sandy or sandy-shelly, so that it is good for children to swim, so that there are entertainment centers, good living conditions with amenities, not a very large number of guests. And also we were looking for the first floor as the kids are small.

And, after much debate and discussion, the choice was made. We stayed at a mini hotel. I contacted his owner, after which an advance payment was made. Arrangement about booking - on parole. Now we are preparing for the trip and are looking forward to when two weeks fly by and we go on a trip with children to the sea by car.

The Sea of ​​Azov is located in the south of the European part of Russia. It is connected by a narrow (up to 4 km) and shallow (4–3 m) Kerch Strait with.

The Sea of ​​Azov is the shallowest and one of the smallest seas in the world. Its area is 39 thousand km2, the volume of water is 290 km3, the average depth is 7 m, and the maximum depth is 15 m.

The sea has a relatively simple outline. The northern coast is flat, steep, with alluvial sand spits. In the west, it separates from the sea a bay, which is connected to the sea by the Genik Strait. In the southeast, the delta of the Kuban River stretches for 100 km with extensive floodplains and numerous channels. The Kuban River flows into the Temryuk Bay. In the northeast, the largest bay of the sea, Taganrog, juts out into the land for 140 km, the top of which is the delta of the Don River.

Shallow shores of the sea pass into a flat flat bottom. Depths gradually increase with distance from the coast. The greatest depths are in the central part of the sea, the depths in the Taganrog Bay are from 2 to 9 m. Mud volcanoes are known in the Temryuk Bay.

Almost all river runoff into the sea (more than 90%) comes from the Don and Kuban rivers. The vast majority of runoff falls on the spring-summer season.

The main exchange of the waters of the Sea of ​​Azov occurs through Kerch Strait With . According to long-term average data, about 49 km3 of water annually flows out of the Sea of ​​Azov as surface runoff. The resulting runoff of water from the Sea of ​​Azov to the Black Sea is about 15 km3/year.

The climate of the Sea of ​​Azov, deeply penetrating into the land, is continental. It is characterized by cold winters, dry and hot summers. In the autumn-winter season, the weather is determined by the influence of the spur of the Siberian anticyclone with a predominance of east and northeast winds at a speed of 4–7 m/s. Strengthening the impact of this spur causes strong winds (up to 15 m/s) and is accompanied by cold air intrusions. The average monthly temperature in January is –1…–5°С, during northeastern storms it drops to –25…–27°С.

Warm, clear weather with light winds prevails in spring and summer. In July, the average monthly temperature throughout the sea is 23–25°С, and the maximum temperature is over 30°С. During this season, especially in spring, Mediterranean cyclones quite often pass over the sea, accompanied by western and southwestern winds at a speed of 4–6 m/s, and sometimes squalls.

The main types of bottom sediments common in the Sea of ​​Azov are silts, silts, sands, shell rocks and sediments of a mixed type.
Silts accumulate in the deepest parts, in a hydrodynamically calm environment and occupy the maximum areas of distribution. Silts are transitional varieties bordering the central part of the reservoir and accumulating at a slight distance from the shore and in the apex of the Taganrog Bay. Sands and shell rocks are most widespread on accumulative forms, sand and shell banks, as well as spits and beaches.

The small size and shallow depths of the sea contribute to the rapid development of wind waves. A few hours after the start of the wind, the wave reaches a steady state and just as quickly fades when the wind stops. The waves are short, steep, in the open sea they reach a height of 1–2 m, sometimes up to 3 m.

Interannual fluctuations in sea level, determined by long-term changes in the components of the water balance, are several centimeters. Seasonal level changes mainly depend on the regime. The annual course of the level is characterized by its increase in the spring-summer months and decrease in autumn and winter, the range of fluctuations is on average 20 cm.

The winds prevailing over the sea cause significant surge fluctuations in the level. The most significant level rises were noted in Taganrog - up to 6 m.

With sharp changes and wind in the Sea of ​​Azov, seiches can occur - free standing fluctuations in the level. In the water areas of ports, seiches are excited with periods of several hours.

Currents in the sea are excited mainly by the wind. The slope of the level, created as a result of the action of the wind, causes compensatory currents. In the pre-estuary areas of the Don and Kuban rivers, runoff currents are traced.

Under the action of the western and south-western winds, a clockwise circulation of waters is formed in the sea. Cyclonic circulation is also excited by easterly and northeasterly winds, which are stronger in the northern part of the sea. With the same winds, but stronger in the southern part of the sea, the currents have an anticyclonic character. At weak winds and calms, slight currents of alternating directions are noted.

Since weak and moderate winds prevail over the sea, currents with speeds up to 10 cm/s have the highest frequency. At strong winds(15–20 m/s) current velocities are 60–70 cm/s.

In the Kerch Strait, with northern winds, a current from the Sea of ​​Azov is observed, and with winds with a southern component, Black Sea water enters the sea. The prevailing current velocities in the strait increase from 10–20 to 30–40 cm/s in its narrowest part. After strong winds compensatory currents develop in the strait.

Ice forms annually on the Sea of ​​Azov, and the ice coverage strongly depends on the nature of winter. In moderate winters, by the beginning of December, ice forms in the Taganrog Bay. During December, fast ice is established along the northern coast of the sea, and a little later - along the other coasts. The width of the fast ice strip is from 1.5 km in the south to 6 km in the north. In the central part of the sea, only at the end of January - beginning of February, floating ice appears, which then freezes into ice fields of high density (9–10 points). The ice cover reaches its maximum development in the first half of February, when its thickness is 30–40 cm, in the Taganrog Bay - 60–80 cm.

Ice conditions during the winter are unstable. When changing cold and warm air masses and wind fields over the sea, ice fields are repeatedly broken and drifted, and hummocks are formed. In mild winters, the central part of the sea is usually free of ice; ice is observed only along the coast, in bays and estuaries.

Clearing of the sea from ice in moderate winters occurs during March, first in the southern regions and estuaries, then in the north and last of all in the Taganrog Bay. The average duration of the ice period is 4.5 months.

In winter, almost throughout the entire water area, the water temperature on the surface is negative or close to zero, only near the Kerch Strait it rises to 1–3°C. In summer, throughout the sea, the temperature on the surface is uniform - 24–25 ° С. The maximum values ​​in July-August in the open sea reach 28°C, and near the coast they can exceed 30°C.
The shallowness of the sea contributes to the rapid spread of wind and convective mixing to the bottom, which leads to the alignment of the vertical temperature distribution: its difference in most cases does not exceed 1°C. However, in summer, when there is calm, a layer of temperature jump is formed, which limits the exchange with the bottom layers.

Spatial distribution of salinity under conditions of natural inflow river waters was rather uniform, horizontal gradients were observed only in the Taganrog Bay, at the outlet of which the salinity of 6–8‰ prevailed. In the water area of ​​the open sea, salinity was within 10–11‰. Vertically, in almost all areas, gradients were observed sporadically, mainly due to the influx of Black Sea waters. Seasonal changes did not exceed 1‰, only in the Taganrog Bay they increased under the influence of the intra-annual runoff distribution.

Hydrocarbon fields of the Sea of ​​Azov

Two areas are distinguished in the Sea of ​​Azov: the oil and gas Indolo-Kuban, which corresponds to the trough of the same name in the structure of the basement and sedimentary cover, and the gas-bearing West Ciscaucasian, which includes almost the entire rest of the water area, with the exception of the eastern part of the Taganrog Bay. The latter is assigned to the Central Ciscaucasian gas-bearing region.

The oil and gas potential of the Sea of ​​Azov is associated with a wide range of deposits. It includes pre-Cretaceous (Triassic) deposits of the transitional (intermediate) complex and Cretaceous-Cenozoic sequences of the sedimentary cover of the Scythian plate. According to the data of deep exploratory drilling and well testing, five oil and gas bearing and promising complexes have been identified in the water area: pre-Cretaceous, Lower Cretaceous, Upper Cretaceous-Eocene, Maikop and Middle Miocene-Pliocene. At the same time, industrial productivity was established only in the deposits of the Maikop series and the Middle-Upper Miocene, in which gas deposits were discovered.

In the West Ciscaucasian region, in the zone of the Azov swell, Maikop deposits are productive in the Morskaya, Small, West-Beisugskaya, Beisugskaya and Strelkovaya areas. The gas content of the Middle-Upper Miocene deposits was established in the Obruchevskaya, Signalnaya, Zapadno-Beisugskaya and Oktyabrskaya areas. It should be noted that in the Beisugskaya area, which is, as it were, the boundary between the local uplifts of the Azov and Kanevsko-Berezansky swells, the main gas reserves are associated with the Eocene sandy-clayey formations of the Tikhoretskaya and Cherkasskaya formations; Lower Cretaceous deposits are also productive, although their gas reserves are insignificant.

In the offshore part of the Indolo-Kuban region, industrial gas content has been established in the Middle Miocene clay-carbonate formations in the Severo-, Severo-Bulganakskaya, Severo- and Vostochno- and Seismic exploration areas.

All gas deposits identified in the water area are located in the depth interval of 300–1500 m, reservoir pressures in them are close to hydrostatic ones, the initial well flow rates are small and amount to a few tens of thousands of m3/day.

The volume of predicted hydrocarbon resources in the Sea of ​​Azov, estimated in 2002, amounted to about 1.5 billion tons of reference fuel (CF), including 757.4 million tons of fuel equivalent in the Russian sector of the Sea of ​​Azov. Of these, in the Indolo-Kuban trough - 35.7 million tons of coal fuel, at the Timashovskaya step - 372.8 million tons of coal fuel, on the Azov swell - 342.1 million tons of coal fuel and in the North Azov trough - 6.9 million tons of coal fuel.

Until recently, the Sea of ​​Azov was the most productive fishing reservoir in the world. The ichthyofauna of the Sea of ​​Azov has a complex genesis and includes representatives of various faunal complexes - Mediterranean, Ponto-Caspian, boreal-Atlantic and freshwater. Currently, it includes 103 species and subspecies of fish. Of these, 14 species are rare, endangered and vulnerable - 7. The number of marine species is 39, freshwater - 8, anadromous and catadromous migrants - 14, brackish water - 42. The average catch per unit of its water area was 70–80 kg/ha. In the second half of the 1930s, the annual catches of “white” and “red” fish, together with herring, reached 140–170 thousand tons.

This was mainly determined by exceptionally favorable physical-geographical and, in particular, hydrometeorological conditions, which include:

• the inland location of the Sea of ​​Azov in temperate latitudes on the southern margin of the Russian Plain;
• temperate continental climate;
• a large influx of total solar radiation (from 4.9 to 5.3 thousand MJ / m2), positive for the year, causing a relatively high average annual and summer (11.5 ° C and 24–25 ° C, respectively);
• the character that determines, in particular, the intense wind mixing of waters;
• a large, relative to the volume of the sea, inflow of nutrient-rich river waters, which leads to a positive freshwater balance;
• reduced, approximately three times, in comparison with the waters of the ocean, salinity;
• high concentrations of biogenic salts in its waters (total nitrogen on average 1000 mg/m3, including mineral - 120 mg/m3; total phosphorus - 65 mg/m3, including mineral - 9 mg/m3; silicon - 570 mg/m3; m3).

To a large extent, the high fish productivity of the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov was associated with the presence of huge areas (most of which are now lost as a result of hydraulic engineering), floodplain and estuary spawning grounds for anadromous and semi-anadromous fish, whose reproduction was ensured by a high and long spring (55% of the annual volume in the natural period and 29% in modern) or spring-summer flood.

Characterized by low inertia and rapid response to the variability of river runoff and processes that determine the large spatial and temporal variability of not only hydrophysical and parameters, but also biological characteristics.

At present, due to the impact economic activity(mainly irrational fishing), commercial catches in the Azov Sea basin do not exceed 40 thousand tons, and the basis of the catches are only low-value fish species: tyulka, anchovy, gobies, as well as an acclimatized species - pilengas. Such valuable fish species as sturgeon, herring, fish, shemaya, bream, carp, etc., which in the recent past formed the basis of fishing, have now almost completely lost their commercial value.

The regulation of the Don River in 1952 (the creation of the Tsimlyansk Reservoir), the reduction in runoff by 13–15 km3 per year, and other consequences of economic activity in the sea basin caused serious negative changes in the sea ecosystem.

The decrease in the annual runoff of the Don River by 30%, a significant reduction in the volume of floods caused a decrease in the area of ​​spawning grounds, violated the conditions for the reproduction of freshwater species.

The amount and composition of biogenic substances entering the sea and their distribution throughout the year have changed greatly. Most of the suspended matter settles in the Tsimlyansk reservoir; their quantity introduced into the sea in spring and early summer has significantly decreased; the supply of mineral forms of phosphorus and nitrogen was reduced, and the number of organic forms, which are more difficult to assimilate by organisms, increased sharply. Nutrients reaching the sea are mainly consumed in the Taganrog Bay and are carried out to the open sea in small quantities.

The pollution of river and sea waters has increased with various harmful chemicals - phenols, in some areas of the sea - with oil products. The greatest pollution is observed in the mouth areas of the Don and Kuban rivers and in the water areas adjacent to major ports. These environmental changes have led to a sharp drop in the biological productivity of the sea. The forage base of fish has decreased several times, and the total catches, mainly of valuable fish species, have decreased.

The water management situation in the sea basin is very tense. Currently, an average of about 28 km3 of river water per year enters the sea. With such a volume of runoff, it is possible to maintain its salinity within 13–14‰. A further increase in water consumption in the basin of the reservoir is unacceptable, as this will cause an irreversible increase in salinity to the level of the Black Sea and will lead to a deterioration in the conditions for the habitat of the most valuable marine organisms.

The Sea of ​​Azov, especially its Russian part, is a zone favorable for the accumulation of various pollutants, primarily because the bottom of this basin is almost completely covered with silts of various compositions that accumulate various pollutants. At the same time, most of the main sources of these pollutants are concentrated in the Russian part of this basin. This is, first of all, major rivers Don and Kuban, as well as a number of port cities, including such big center like Rostov-on-Don. Almost all such sources are located in the Taganrog Bay, and Mariupol, which is one of the main polluters, is located on the territory, its influence is also felt in the Russian part of the bay. In addition, the Taganrog Bay has the largest length of abrasion shores in the Sea of ​​Azov, many sections of which are subject to catastrophic erosion. Thus, the Taganrog Bay and its shores are the least ecologically stable in the entire Sea of ​​Azov. Smaller pollution zones associated with the removal of pollutants from land are outlined on the pre-estuary seashore of the Kuban and at the mouth of its Ponura channel, where water comes from rice paddies.

An important place in the Sea of ​​Azov in terms of the nature of pollution is occupied by a special strip of water area - the route of passage of ships from the Kerch Strait to the Taganrog Bay. The zone of Kuban floodplains from Primorsko-Akhtarsk to Temryuk is a special area in the sense of ecological danger on the Russian coast of the Sea of ​​Azov. Over the past 100 years, this entire area has twice been subjected to catastrophic flooding during storm surges from the northwest.

Recreational resources

The total length of the Sea of ​​Azov (within Russia) is about 1000 km and covers a vast territory within the Rostov Region and the Krasnodar Territory. The coastal zone of the sea has favorable natural and climatic conditions for the development of recreational economy. The recreational resources of the flat territory and the Eastern Sea of ​​Azov, of course, lose to the popular resorts of the Black Sea, but upon closer examination, they can make a certain contribution to solving the problems of treatment and active recreation of the population. At present, it is expedient to use the territory for the creation of recreational types of systems proper (that is, only for recreation), the organization of medical resort areas is possible only on the basis of deposits of mineral waters and therapeutic mud. Favorable natural conditions (sunshine, warm sea, sandy beaches, the presence of balneological sources) create a relatively favorable combination for organizing recreation, tourism and, possibly, treatment, designed to meet the needs various groups population. To improve the recreational qualities of the territory, it is necessary to resume work on the preparation of a regional program for recreational nature management, the creation of a network of health-improving enterprises using local natural potential and designed primarily for the local resident, as well as measures to develop norms and recommendations for the rational use of the coastal zone.

What is it - rest on the Sea of ​​Azov? We tell you where it is better to relax, what prices are in the summer of 2019, what infrastructure is in the resorts and who they are suitable for. Map of the resorts of the Sea of ​​Azov.

The Sea of ​​Azov is shallow, its waters warm up well at the beginning of summer, and children simply adore sand and shell beaches. The second undoubted plus of the rest of the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov is its budget. In the summer, local residents willingly rent out housing to tourists, and rent a house or a room in guest house possible for a very modest amount.

Hot tours at sea at the best prices, you should look for services and - they compare the offers of all popular tour operators. Find out also, and!

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Map of the Sea of ​​Azov resorts

Prices and infrastructure

Vacation prices are one of the main criteria for choosing a resort, especially if you are traveling with a large family. Judging by the reviews of tourists, relatively inexpensive vacation on the Sea of ​​Azov in 2019 can be found in the villages of Kuchugury, Peresyp, Ilyich. These are small villages with good sandy beaches and underdeveloped infrastructure, where accommodation can be found mainly in the private sector and guest houses.

Rest in Yeysk and the village of Golubitskaya will cost more. Yeysk is already Big city, there are reputable hotels, cafes, an embankment with a park where you can stroll in the evenings. The village of Golubitskaya is more modest, but has a well-developed infrastructure, there are water rides, a nightclub and restaurants with Caucasian and local cuisine, many mini-hotels, recreation centers and rental offers.

In 2019, you can rent a turnkey house in the village of Ilyich from 1,500 to 3,000 rubles per day, in Peresyp and Taman from 1,500 to 2,500 rubles, in Golubitskaya - from 2,500 to 6,000 rubles. Prices in the private sector (per day): in Kuchugury and Peresyp from 250 to 550 rubles per person, in Golubitskaya from 300 to 800 rubles per person. In Yeysk, you can rent a good apartment for 1500-2500 rubles per day.

(Photo © Ekaterina Sotova / flickr.com / License CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)

Secluded rest on the Sea of ​​Azov

There are not so many city resorts on the coast, most often they are small villages, so it is not difficult to find a place for a secluded holiday on the Sea of ​​Azov. According to tourists, in 2019 it is better to relax on the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov on the Taman Peninsula: these are the villages of Priazovsky and Ilyich, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe Chushka Spit and Cape Pekla - there are most deserted places. In general, with tents you can go anywhere! There are also wild beaches on the outskirts of the village of Golubitskaya, you can get there on foot through the entire village or go around the estuary by car. From Taman to the Tuzla Spit there are many deserted places, but there are steep banks.

Active holidays on the Sea of ​​Azov: where is it better

Where is it better to relax on the Sea of ​​Azov in the summer of 2019 if you want to spend time actively?

Stanitsa Dolzhanskaya popular with outdoor enthusiasts. There are special natural conditions here - the wind almost always blows. And if on one side of the spit the water surface is perfectly smooth, then on the other side it rises good wave and you can go windsurfing and kiting. There are special bases for surfers on the coastline.

in Yeysk extreme people gather in the Youth Beach area. Clubs, catamaran and jet ski rentals, a yacht club and a pirate town are also located there. For beginners, there may be a school for beginner athletes.

In the village of Golubitskaya there is a paragliding center. Other activities include windsurfing, fishing and horseback riding.

Primorsko-Akhtarsk enjoys special love among fishermen, these places are simply replete with fish. You can fish from the seashore or from a boat in the bays and estuaries, and you can rent a boat.

Cultural and excursion rest

The resorts of the Sea of ​​Azov are mostly small villages that offer water activities and are more suitable for families. quiet rest. Here's what you can visit and see while relaxing on the Sea of ​​​​Azov in 2019.

IN Golubitskaya there is a crocodile and ostrich farm, and as an excursion you can visit the Museum of the History of the Cossacks in the neighboring village of Starotitarovskaya, the Fanagoria and Abrau-Dyurso wineries, the Abinsk terrarium, the Tizdar and Hephaestus volcanoes.

IN Yeysk several city parks have been broken, tourists also take boat trips along the coast and to nearby uninhabited islands. Well preserved in the city ancient architecture, and the historical center of the city is popularly called merchant Yeysk. Not far from the city in the village of Morskoy there is an ethnographic museum dedicated to the history and life of the Kuban Cossacks. Near the museum there is a stable and a home farm, and for those who want to relax, picnic areas are organized.

In the Cossack village Taman a living ethnographic open-air museum "Ataman" was organized, where holidays are often held and a fabulous corner is opened especially for children. There is an archaeological museum in Taman, where finds from ancient settlements are located, on the site of which there is a modern village. Archaeological excavations are underway at a distance of a kilometer from the museum. In addition, annually at the beginning of August, wine festivals "Taman Vine" and "Wines of Kuban" are held in the village.

Downtown Temryuk there is an open-air museum "Military Hill", the exhibits of which can be seen and touched.

Interesting excursions in Taganrog- in Chekhov's places (the house-museum of A.P. Chekhov, the Literary Museum, the museum-shop and drama theater named after A.P. Chekhov), the palace of Alexander I, the palace of Alferaki and others.

Where is it better to relax on the Sea of ​​​​Azov with children

With kids preschool age on the Sea of ​​​​Azov it is better to relax in small villages, there are cleaner beaches and fewer people. With older children, you can already go where the entire entertainment infrastructure is developed.

In the village Dolzhanskaya little entertainment, but its own unique microclimate, Pinery and a clear sea with a depth more suitable for adults. Also on Dolzhanka, seafood lovers will be able to enjoy freshly caught fish, which is cooked in coastal cafes.

In the village Ilyich almost 10 m from the shore - solid shallow water. This place is suitable for a relaxing holiday, there are few tourists here. IN Kuchugurakh- a small amusement park for children, and 3 kilometers from the village there is a mud volcano, access to it is free. Not far from the village there is a beautiful lotus valley and a lake.

In general, you can relax with children on the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov in the summer of 2019 anywhere, nature itself took care of this. In the Sea of ​​Azov, it is more difficult to find a suitable place for recreation for adults than for children. And it is better to come in June: the water is already very warm, and there are not so many tourists yet. In addition, in the middle of summer, the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov begins to bloom, the remnants of algae cling, and swimming becomes not very pleasant.

(Photo © Klad-rnd / flickr.com / Licensed CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)

The best resorts for young people

If you need a drive - discos, nightclubs, festivals, then similar entertainment can be found in Taganrog and Yeysk. In Yeysk, the open-air disco "Atmsofera" operates on summer evenings, bars and cafes on the beach are open. The most popular nightclubs in the city are Tornado, Rai, The First and Babylon.

People involved in extreme sports prefer the villages of Dolzhanskaya and Golubitskaya. There are several bars and cafes in Golubitskaya. In August, bikers and rock performers come here every year for the Taman - Freedom Peninsula festival. In Dolzhanskaya on the beach, the annual festival of electronic music and extreme sports A-ZOV takes place.

Resorts for the elderly

Holidays on the Sea of ​​Azov are ideal not only for children, but also for the elderly - they go to the coast for recovery. It is possible to be treated with mud at many resorts. There are sanatoriums with a medical profile in Taganrog, Yeysk, Golubitskaya, Peresyp, Kuchugury.

The main mud bath in Taman is Temryuk. Many sanatoriums are concentrated in the Temryuk zone, mud is well studied and used to treat the nervous system and diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Temryuk is easily accessible from Golubitskaya, Peresyp and Kuchugur by public transport.

Sulfide mud of Golubitskoye and Salt Lakes treat skin diseases, diseases of the joints and spine, accelerate metabolism and blood flow in peripheral vessels. Between the villages of Yasenskaya and Kopanskaya there is Khan Lake with therapeutic mud, along the banks of which cormorants and pelicans live.

Intro image source: © Vokcel / flickr.com / Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.

Sea of ​​Azov (Ukrainian Sea of ​​Azov, other Greek Μαιῶτις λίμνη, lat. Palus Maeotis) is a semi-enclosed sea of ​​the Atlantic Ocean in eastern Europe. The shallowest sea in the world: the depth does not exceed 13.5 meters, the average depth is about 7.4 m (according to various estimates, from 6.8 to 8 m).

The Sea of ​​Azov is connected to the Atlantic Ocean by a long chain of straits and seas (the Kerch Strait - the Black Sea - the Bosphorus Strait - the Sea of ​​Marmara - the Dardanelles Strait - the Aegean Sea - the Mediterranean Sea - strait of Gibraltar- Atlantic Ocean).

Two largest rivers flow into the sea - and the Kuban River.

COASTS OF THE SEA OF AZOV AND DELTA

The coast of the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov is less picturesque and diverse than the Black Sea. But it also has its own unique beauty. The steppes come close to the sea, and in some places the floodplains overgrown with reeds. The shores are treeless, they are either low and gentle, with a sandy-shell beach, or low, but steep, composed of yellow loess-like loams. The coastline of the sea forms rather smooth bends, and only long sandy spits give it some indentation. A large number of spits is one of the characteristic features of the shores of the Sea of ​​Azov.

West Coast.
The western shore of the Sea of ​​Azov is represented by a long oblique - the Arabat arrow. It stretched along the seashore for 112 km, separating the shallow Sivash Bay from it. The width of this flat sand-shell spit ranges from 270 m in its southern and middle parts to 7 km in its northern part, where there are several small hills.
The Arabat arrow is a huge natural beach. Parallel to it, a series of long shoals stretched. They are perfectly visible from the walls of the old Genoese fortress, located near the village of Arabat, or directly from the elevated native shore. In a quiet sunny weather the greenish-blue waves of the sea with a slight noise gently run over the sandy-shell beach and the foam of the light surf borders it, like a narrow white lace. Rolling on the wing, white-winged gulls glide low over the water. In the distance, on the spit, salt extracted from Sivash dazzlingly shines under the rays of the hot sun. Beautiful sea and in a storm. When the fierce nordost blows, it darkens, becomes severe.
With an angry noise, boiling with white foam, steep-walled waves fall on the shores. You can spend hours admiring the foamy expanse of the sea, the rapid run and the stormy surf of the waves.

Any person who has visited the Sea of ​​Azov will forever have a memory of its discreet, but soul-stirring beauty.
Hot mineral waters have been discovered on the Arabat Spit, which are superior to Matsesta in their chemical composition and medicinal properties. Based on these healing waters it is supposed to create new resort- Azov Matsesta.

South coast.
It is represented by the territory of the Kerch and Taman peninsulas, between which the Kerch Strait is located, connecting the Azov and Black Sea. The Kerch Peninsula is the eastern tip of the Crimea. Its area is about 3 thousand square meters. kilometers. In the bowels of the peninsula, large deposits of iron ores have been discovered that feed the metallurgy of the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov, oil and natural gas.
The northern and northeastern parts of the Kerch Peninsula are composed of marls, clays, limestones; Tertiary sandstones occur in places.
The western part of the Kerch Peninsula is flat, the eastern part is hilly. Within the peninsula, the southern coast of the Sea of ​​Azov for the most part drops steeply into the sea, leaving only a narrow strip of beach. In some places, the steep banks are composed of bryozoan limestones, staunchly resisting the onslaught sea ​​waves. Such, for example, is Cape Kazantip, at the base of which lies a bryozoan reef - an atoll. To the west of this cape is Arabatsky Bay, to the east - Kazantipsky. To the east of Cape Kazantip, a low-lying alluvial stretch of coast stretches. The shores of both bays are composed of soft clay rocks. Yuzhnemysa Kazantip - Aktash salt Lake. This is a relic lake. It is a remnant of the Kazantip Bay, which once jutted far into the land.
In the middle of the Kerch Peninsula, a low Parpach ridge stretches from west to east. Between this ridge and the shore of the Sea of ​​Azov. there is a wide longitudinal valley. In its lower parts there are salt lakes, and in particular Lake Chokrakskoye, known for its healing properties, as well as a number of mud volcanoes.
East of the Kazantip Bay, near the Kerch Strait, the coast of the Sea of ​​Azov is calmer, but here it is characterized by capes composed of hard bryozoan limestones, for example, capes Zyuk, Tarkhan and others.

The Kerch Strait, which connects the Black and Azov Seas, is shallow and relatively narrow. Its width varies from 4 to 15 km. The length of the strait is 41 km. The depth is about 4 m.
In ancient times, the Kerch Strait was called the Cimmerian Bosporus. The name itself contains a hint of the strait's milkiness, since "bosporus" in translation into Russian means "bull ford".
The Crimean coast of the strait is steep in places. In its northern part is the port city of Kerch.

The Caucasian coast of the Kerch Strait is low, sandy, sometimes with dunes. The fairway of the strait is cluttered with reefs, sandbars and coastal shoals, which previously hampered navigation. Now a channel has been dug in the strait for the passage of ships with a large draft.
Communication across the strait between the Crimea and the Caucasus was previously carried out by ordinary steamships carrying cargo and passengers. In the spring of 1955, a railway crossing was opened. On the Crimean coast, northeast of Kerch, a railway station Crimea was built, and on the Caucasian coast, on the Chushka Spit, a railway station Kavkaz was built.

On large diesel-electric ferries, trains are easily and quickly transported through the Kerch Strait. The railway route between the Crimea and the Caucasus is thereby significantly shortened.
The Taman Peninsula, which is part of the Krasnodar Territory, covers an area of ​​approximately 1900 sq. km. Of these, a little more than 900 sq. km, and the rest of the territory is estuaries and floodplains.
Its nature is unique. From a geological point of view, this is a young peninsula, since it was formed in the Quaternary period. Back in the 1st century A.D. e. in its place there were about five islands, the transformation of which into a peninsula occurred, apparently, in the 5th century AD. e. under the influence of the accumulative "activity of the Kuban River, mud volcanoes and tectonic uplifts. Formation Taman Peninsula continues.

The surface of the peninsula is a hilly plain with low domed elevations, elongated in the form of interrupted ridges from the southwest to the northeast. Mud volcanoes and ancient burial mounds are scattered almost everywhere. .The landscape is enlivened by numerous estuaries. The floodplains, overgrown with reeds and sedge, are also widespread.

The Taman Peninsula contains in its bowels such natural resources as oil, combustible gases, iron ores, salt, building materials in the form of limestone, clay and gravel.
The climate of the peninsula is moderately warm. The sun generously supplies it with the heat of its rays, but there is little precipitation here - only 436 mm per year - and therefore there is a lack of moisture.
On the peninsula there are fertile chernozem-like and chestnut soils, covered with drought-resistant steppe, and along the valley of the Kuban River - with floodplain vegetation.
It is now famous for its vineyards.
The shores of the Taman Peninsula are quite diverse, but two types of shores prevail: high, steep - abrasion, that is, formed as a result of the destructive work of sea waves, and low, flat - accumulative. The latter were formed from sandy-argillaceous deposits as a result of the activity of sea waves and currents.

The shore of the Taman Bay, from Cape Tuzla up to the village of Taman, is elevated and steep. On average, its height here ranges from 15 to 30 m. To the east of the village of Taman, the coast goes down and remains low throughout the southern and east coast bay. Only in some places there are steep cliffs, and then often due to the cultural layer of ancient Phanagoria.
The northern shore of the bay is also elevated and in some places abruptly breaks off to the sea.
"Accumulation" in Latin means "accumulation". This term in geology refers to the process of deposition of loose material of various origins.

Spit Chushka, composed largely of quartz sand and broken shells, has low banks.
Farther to the east, the coast of the Taman Peninsula is high (up to 50-60 m above the level of the Sea of ​​Azov) and often has a stepped landslide character. It is composed mainly of loess-like clay and is bordered by a strip of beach, consisting of sandy-clay deposits, in places with an admixture of shells, pebbles and rubble.
Then, up to the village of Golubitskaya, the shore of the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov either lowers or rises again, but, starting from this village, it becomes low, and in the area of ​​​​the delta of the Kuban River it acquires a swampy character.

It is interesting to note that in the area of ​​the village of Kuchugury on the low coast of the Sea of ​​Azov, eolian landforms are observed in the form of low (1–3 m) sandy mounds - dunes, formed under the influence of northern winds.

An attraction of the Taman Peninsula are mud volcanoes (salses), of which there are up to 25. Many of them look like low cones with truncated tops. Some salsas are temporarily inactive. The rest emit dirt and gases, such as methane, nitrogen. carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen.
Eruptions of mud volcanoes are usually calm and quiet, but sometimes they resemble eruptions of real volcanoes, as they are accompanied by an explosion, and then the products of volcanic activity are scattered hundreds of meters from the crater, and liquid mud forms large streams.
Very interesting phenomenon represent mud volcanoes at the bottom of the Sea of ​​Azov near the shores of the Taman Peninsula. So, intense mud volcanic activity was observed near the village of Golubitskaya. One of the eruptions was noted on September 6, 1799. An underground rumble was heard, then a deafening crack was heard and over the sea, 300 meters from the shore, a column of fire and black smoke rose. The eruption continued for about two hours, leading to the formation of an island of mud with a diameter of more than 100 m and a height of up to 2 m. A few months later, it disappeared, washed out by the waves of the sea.
Similar eruptions were repeated later - in 1862, 1906, 1924, 1950 and 1952. In 1952, to the west of the village of Golubitskaya, 5 km from the coast, also as a result of mud volcanic activity, a mud island was formed, then washed away by sea waves.

Cossack erik is the left-bank branch of the Kuban, it carries its waters to the large Akhtanizovsky estuary, which has a connection with the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov through the Peresyp arm.
The modern delta of the Kuban River is a whole labyrinth of shallow lakes or estuaries, interconnected by channels, or, in the local language, eriks, which form bizarre loops between low-lying swampy land.
In the Kuban Delta, vast areas are occupied by floodplains that stretch for tens of kilometers. The floodplains of the Kuban delta, adjacent to the Sea of ​​Azov, are called the Sea of ​​Azov. They are divided by the Protoka river into two massifs: the Azov floodplains proper in the western part and the Angelino-Cheburgolsky in the eastern part.
The Azov floodplains are bizarre labyrinths of swamps and estuaries of various sizes, with fresh, semi-salty and salt water, overgrown with surface and underwater vegetation. The former is dominated by reeds, reeds, sedges, cattails and burdocks. Underwater, or “soft” vegetation of estuaries is charophytes, pondweeds, hornwort, water lilies, etc.

In the Azov estuaries there are thickets of a wonderful plant - lotus. During the flowering period, large pink flowers of amazing beauty rise on stems above the spreading emerald leaves, spreading a strong aroma. This tropical newcomer, brought to us from Africa, is a useful medicinal and food plant.
The estuaries of the Kuban delta are rich in fish. More than 70 species of it are found here, including ram, bream, pike perch, shad, sprat, carp weighing up to 15 kg, catfish weighing up to 100 kg.
In the floodplains and estuaries of the delta, a lot of birds live, especially waterfowl: wild geese, ducks. There are whole colonies of cormorants and pelicans. Swans, herons, many birds of prey live here. Of the mammals, foxes are numerous, there are wild cats and wild boars in the deaf floodplains. The muskrat has been acclimatized, producing beautiful brown fur.

The bowels of the delta are rich in minerals - natural gas, oil, mineral waters.
Most of the Kuban river delta has not yet been developed for agriculture, although the soils here are very fertile.
But gradually the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov is changing the landscape. In the floodplains, instead of dense reeds and rotten estuaries, blue squares of rice paddies already stretch for many kilometers. In 1952, the Kuban irrigation system with an area of ​​23,000 hectares was put into operation. In 1967, 62 thousand hectares of land were occupied for rice, reclaimed by meliorators from the floodplains. When the Krasnodar reservoir on the Kuban River comes into operation, rice fields expand to 250,000-300,000 hectares and produce up to 700,000 tons of high-quality rice annually for our Motherland.

To the north of Primorsko-Akhtarsk, up to, floodplains are found only at the mouths of the Azov steppe rivers - Beisug and Chelbas.
The shores of the Sea of ​​Azov are represented in this area by low and gently sloping sandy spits, but for the most part the coast here is steep or steeply descending to the sea. It is complex, like the coastal plain, with loess and loess-like loams and clays of the late glacial period. Loess is a rock that is easily washed away by waves, and therefore the seashore here is quickly destroyed. The average rate of destruction along the entire coast is 3 m per year. The maximum is up to 18 m. The soils of this part of the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov are represented by carbonate West Caucasian fertile chernozems. Previously, this entire area was a feather-grass-forb steppe, on which herds of wild horses—tarpans and herds of swift-footed saigas grazed. There were even moose. Now these lands are plowed up, and in the summer here [a boundless yellow-green sea of ​​\u200b\u200bcorn sways, fields of corn and sunflowers are spread.
In addition to the Kuban River, such steppe rivers (counting from south to north) flow into the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov from the east, such as Kirpili, pouring their waters into the Kirpilsky estuary; Beisug, which flows into the Beisug estuary; Chelbas, flowing into the sweet estuary; her, carrying water into the large Yeisk estuary, and, finally, the small rivers Wet Chuburka and Kagalnik, which flow directly into the Sea of ​​Azov.
A characteristic feature of the landscape of the eastern coast of the Sea of ​​Azov, as noted above, is the presence of numerous estuaries.

Don Delta.
In its northeastern part, the Sea of ​​Azov forms a vast, strongly elongated Taganrog Bay, into which one of the largest rivers in the European part of the USSR, the Don, flows. Its length is 1870 km, and the catchment area is 422,000 square meters. km. Don annually takes out to the sea an average of about 28.6 cubic meters. km of water. Significant masses of river water greatly desalinate the Taganrog Bay, and the sediment carried by the river shallows it and leads to, which occupies an area of ​​340 square meters. km. The modern Don delta begins 6 km below Rostov-on-Don, where the non-navigable branch of the Dead Donets separates from the river to the right.
There is always a lot of activity on the Don River; various and numerous ships float up and down the stream. The calm expanse of a mighty river is cut through passenger ships, cargo ships and fishing boats.
Below the village of Elizavetinskaya, the Don begins to meander strongly along a wide low-lying valley, breaking up into numerous branches and channels, which, in the local language, are not called eriks. There are more and more of these branches and eriks as we approach the Sea of ​​Azov.
The landscape here is unique. Everywhere you can see islands slightly rising above the water with intricately indented shores, covered with dense thickets of reeds. Islets close to the sea are constantly flooded with sea water, and the vegetation on them is scarce or completely absent. With strong westerly winds, the waters of the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov rush to the mouth of the Don, prop up the river waters, the Don overflows its banks, flooding not only the delta, but also almost all 100 km upstream.
East winds blowing downstream of the Don have the opposite effect. There is a surge of water, and sometimes so strong that not only the branches of the river, but also the Taganrog Bay become shallow, which disrupts normal navigation. The amplitude of surge phenomena is +3, -2 m.

The Don brings into the sea an average of about 14 million tons of river sediment and about 9.5 million tons of dissolved minerals. Due to sediments, the Don Delta is growing, gradually moving further and further into the sea at a rate of about 1 km per century.

Bays and estuaries are formed between the spits and the native coast, for example, Berdyansk and Obitochny. If we exclude alluvial spits, then the rest of the northern shore of the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov is a flat steppe, for the most part descending to the sea by a cliff. The spits and narrow coastal strip are composed mainly of Quaternary marine sediments. To the north, the plain is composed of loess, loess-like loams and clays of the late glacial period. Fertile chernozems have developed on these rocks. Even in the last century, boundless feather grass-forb steppes stretched here, and in the western half - feather grass-fescue steppes. Tarpans, feral camels grazed in them, and even earlier there were even noble deer and elks. There were beavers in the rivers. During the flowering period, these steppes, according to N.V. Gogol, represented a green-golden ocean, over which millions of flowers splashed. However, such steppes have long disappeared, they are almost completely plowed up. They were replaced by endless fields of wheat, corn, sunflowers, orchards and vineyards.

HISTORY OF THE SEA OF AZOV
Meotida
In ancient times, the Sea of ​​Azov did not exist, and the Don flowed into the Black Sea in the area of ​​the modern Kerch Strait. Theory Black Sea flood suggests that the filling of the Sea of ​​​​Azov happened around 5600 BC. e.
In antiquity, the Sea of ​​​​Azov was called among the Greeks Meotian Lake (ancient Greek Μαιῶτις), among the Romans Palus Maeotis (“Meotian swamp”), among the Scythians Kargaluk, among the Meotians Temerinda (which means “mother of the sea”), among the Arabs - Bahr al -Azuf, among the Turks - Bahr el-Assak or Bahr-y Assak (Dark blue sea; modern tour. Azak Denizi) and also - Balysyr (Balisira), among the Genoese and Venetians - Mare delle Zabacche.
The sea was renamed many times (Samakush, Salakar, Mayutis, etc.). At the beginning of the XIII century. the name of the Saksinsk Sea is approved. The Tatar-Mongol conquerors replenished the collection of the names of Azov: Balyk-dengiz (fish sea) and Chabak-dengiz (chabache, bream sea). According to some sources, Chabak-dengiz as a result of the transformation: chabak - dzybakh - zabak - azak - azov - the modern name of the sea occurred (which is doubtful). According to other sources, Azak is a Turkic adjective, meaning low, low, according to other sources, Azak (Turkic mouth of the river), which was transformed into Azau, and then into Russian Azov. In the interval of the above names, the sea also received the following: Barel-Azov (Dark Blue River); the Frankish Sea (the Franks meant the Genoese and Venetians); Surozh Sea (Surozh was the name of the modern city of Sudak in the Crimea); Kaffa Sea (Kaffa is an Italian colony on the site of the modern city of Feodosia in the Crimea); Cimmerian Sea (from the Cimmerians); Akdeniz (Turkish meaning White Sea). It is most reliable that the modern name of the sea comes from the city of Azov.

According to the etymology of the word “azov”, there are a number of hypotheses: after the name of the Polovtsian prince Azum (Azuf), who was killed during the capture of the city in 1067; by the name of the Osos (Asses) tribe, which in turn allegedly came from the Avestan, meaning "fast"; the name is compared with the Turkic word azan - "lower", and the Circassian uzev - "neck". The Turkic name of the city of Azov is Auzak. But even in the 1st c. n. e. Pliny, listing the Scythian tribes in his writings, mentions the Asoki tribe, similar to the word Azov. It is generally accepted that the modern name of the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov came to Russian toponymy at the beginning of the 17th century, thanks to the annals of Pimen. Moreover, at first it was fixed only for its part (the Taganrog Bay, which before the appearance of the city of Taganrog was called the Don Estuary). Only in the second half of the 18th century, the name "Sea of ​​​​Azov" was assigned to the entire reservoir. The sea gave its name to the villages of Azovskaya and Priazovskaya, and the cities of Azov (in the lower reaches of the Don River, Rostov Region) and Novoazovsk, the village of Priazovskoye and other settlements.

In the history of the study of the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov, there are three stages:
Ancient (geographical) - from the time of Herodotus to the beginning of the 19th century.
Geological and geographical - XIX century. - 40s of the XX century.
Complex - the middle of the XX century. - Today.
The first map of Pontus Euxinus and Meotida was made by Claudius Ptolemy, he also determined the geographical coordinates for cities, estuaries, capes and bays of the coast of the Sea of ​​Azov.
In 1068, the Russian prince Gleb Svyatoslavich, who ruled at that time in Tmutarakan, measured the distance between Kerch and Taman on the ice. As the inscription on the Tmutarakan stone testifies, the distance from Tmutarakan to Korchevo ( ancient name Kerch) was approximately 20 km (over 939 years this distance increased by 3 km.) From the XII-XIV centuries. Genoese and Venetians began to compose portolans (pilots and nautical charts) of the Black and Azov seas.

GEOGRAPHY OF THE SEA OF AZOV
The extreme points of the Sea of ​​Azov lie between 45°12′30″ and 47°17′30″ N. latitude and between 33°38′ (Lake Sivash) and 39°18′ east. longitude. Its greatest length is 380 km, the greatest width is 200 km; coastline length 2686 km; surface area - 37,800 km² (this area does not include islands and spits, occupying 107.9 km²).
According to morphological features, it belongs to flat seas and is a shallow water body with low coastal slopes. In terms of distance from the ocean, the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov is the most continental sea on the planet.
In winter, partial or complete freezing is possible, while ice is carried into the Black Sea through the Kerch Strait. As a rule, ice formation is typical for January, but in cold years it can occur a month earlier.

Map of the depths of the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov

The underwater relief of the sea is relatively simple. With distance from the coast, the depth slowly and smoothly increases, reaching 13 m in the central part of the sea. The main area of ​​the bottom is characterized by depths of 5–13 m. The location of the isobaths, which is close to symmetrical, is disturbed by their slight elongation in the northeast towards the Taganrog Bay. The 5 m isobath is located about 2 km from the coast, moving away from it near the Taganrog Bay and in the bay itself near the mouth of the Don. In the Taganrog Bay, the depths increase from the mouth of the Don (2–3 m) towards the open part of the sea, reaching 8–9 m at the boundary of the bay with the sea. western (Morskaya and Arabatskaya banks) coasts, the depths over which decrease from 8–9 to 3–5 m. The underwater coastal slope of the northern coast is characterized by wide shallow water (20–30 km) with depths of 6–7 m; underwater slope to depths of 11–13 m.
The catchment area of ​​the Sea of ​​Azov Basin is 586,000 km².
Sea coasts are mostly flat and sandy, only hills are found on the south coast volcanic origin, which in some places turn into steep advanced mountains.
Sea currents are dependent on the very strong northeast and southwest winds blowing here and therefore change direction very often. The main current is a circular current along the shores of the Sea of ​​Azov counterclockwise.

Salinity
Changes in the salinity of the Sea of ​​Azov in the 20th century
The hydrochemical features of the Sea of ​​Azov are formed primarily under the influence of an abundant inflow of river waters (up to 12% of the water volume) and difficult water exchange with the Black Sea.
The salinity of the sea before the regulation of the Don was three times less than the average salinity of the ocean. Its value on the surface varied from 1 ppm at the mouth of the Don to 10.5 ppm in the central part of the sea and 11.5 ppm near the Kerch Strait. After the creation of the Tsimlyansk hydroelectric complex, the salinity of the sea began to rise. By 1977, the average salinity of the sea had increased to 13.8 ppm, and in the Taganrog Bay - to 11.2. In a larger area of ​​the sea, the water salinized to 14–14.5 ‰. During the period of relatively high humidity (1979–1982), a rapid decrease in salinity to 10.9 ‰ was noted, but by 2000 its value increased again and stabilized at the level of 11 ‰. Average seasonal fluctuations in salinity rarely reach 1-2 percent.
In the northern part of the Sea of ​​Azov, the water contains very little salt. For this reason, the sea freezes easily, and therefore, before the advent of icebreakers, it was unnavigable from December to mid-April. The southern part of the sea does not freeze and remains moderate in temperature.
During the 20th century, almost all more or less large rivers flowing into the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov were blocked by dams to create reservoirs. This has led to a significant reduction in the discharge of fresh water and silt into the sea.
The main ionic composition of water in the open part of the sea differs from the salt composition of the ocean in the relative depletion of chlorine and sodium ions and the increased content of the predominant components of land waters - calcium, carbonates and sulfates.

Transparency and color of water
The transparency of the waters of the Sea of ​​Azov is low. It is not the same in different regions and at different times of the year and ranges from 0.5 to 8 m. The influx of a large amount of muddy river waters, the rapid resuspension of bottom silts during sea waves and the presence of significant masses of plankton in the Azov water determine its low transparency. The lowest transparency is observed in the Taganrog Bay (0.5–0.9 m, occasionally up to 2 m). The color of the water here varies from greenish-yellow to brown-yellow. In the eastern and western regions of the sea, the transparency is much higher - on average 1.5–2 m, but can reach 3–4 m. 5 to 8 m. The water here is greenish-blue. In summer, transparency increases almost everywhere, but in some parts of the sea, due to the rapid development of the smallest plant and animal organisms in the upper layers of the water, it drops to zero and the water acquires a bright green color. This phenomenon is called the "bloom" of the sea.

Flora and fauna
Phytoplankton and benthos are developed. Phytoplankton consists (in%): diatoms - 55, peridinium - 41.2, and blue-green algae - 2.2. Among the biomass of benthos, mollusks occupy a dominant position. Their skeletal remains, represented by calcium carbonate, have a significant share in the formation of modern bottom sediment and accumulative surface bodies.
The ichthyofauna of the Sea of ​​Azov currently includes 103 species and subspecies of fish belonging to 76 genera, and is represented by anadromous, semi-anadromous, marine and freshwater species.
Anadromous species of fish feed in the sea until puberty, and enter the river only for spawning. The breeding period in rivers and or on borrowings usually does not exceed 1-2 months. Among the Azov anadromous fish there are the most valuable commercial species, such as beluga, stellate sturgeon, herring, fish and shemaya.
Semi-anadromous species for breeding come from the sea into the rivers. However, in rivers they can linger for a longer time than anadromous (up to a year). As for the juveniles, they leave the spawning grounds very slowly and often stay in the river for the winter. Semi-anadromous fish include mass species such as pike perch, bream, ram, sabrefish and some others.
Marine species breed and feed in salty waters. Among them, species that constantly live in the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov stand out - pelengas, Black Sea Kalkan, flounder-glossa, tyulka, percarina, three-spined stickleback, long-snouted needle fish and all types of gobies. And, finally, there is a large group of marine fish that enters the Sea of ​​Azov from the Black Sea, including those that make regular migrations: Azov and Black Sea anchovy, Black Sea herring, red mullet, golden mullet, sharp-nosed mullet, black sea trout, horse mackerel, mackerel, etc.
Freshwater species usually constantly live in one area of ​​the reservoir and do not make large migrations. These species usually inhabit desalinated water areas of the sea. Here you can find such fish as sterlet, silver carp, pike, ide, bleak, etc.

Marine mammals in the Sea of ​​Azov are represented by one species - the harbor porpoise (other names are Azovka, Azov dolphin, puffer, pig). The porpoise leads a herd life. Groups consist of two to ten individuals. The population has always been small, there are no modern data. Azovka is the smallest animal from the group of cetaceans. And representatives of the local Azov-Black Sea population are smaller than dolphins from other parts of the range. Females are slightly larger than males: 90-150 cm. Known maximum sizes of males reached 167 cm, and females - 180 cm. The average weight of azovok is 30.2 kg. Life expectancy - 25-30 years.
In terms of the number of plant and animal organisms, the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov has no equal in the world. In terms of fish productivity, that is, the number of fish per unit area, the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov is 6.5 times greater than the Caspian Sea, 40 times the Black Sea, and 160 times the Mediterranean Sea.

Sea of ​​Azov, city of Yeysk

Geographical features of the Sea of ​​Azov
Geographic features of major or particular interest are listed in clockwise order along the coast starting from the Genichesk Strait.

Bays and estuaries:
On the territory of Ukraine:
in the northwest: Utlyuk estuary, Molochny estuary, Obitochny Bay, Berdyansk Bay.
On Russian territory:
in the north-east: Taganrog Bay, Miussky Estuary, Yeysky Estuary;
in the east: Yasensky Bay, Beisugsky estuary, Akhtarsky estuary;
in the south-east: Temryuk Bay;
in the southwest: Kazantip Bay, Arabatsky Bay;
in the west: Sivash Bay (since April 1, 2014, it has been de facto a section of the Russian-Ukrainian state border).

Spit, capes, largest islands:

Main article: Spit of the Sea of ​​Azov
On the territory of Ukraine:
in the northwest: Fedotova Spit and Spit Biryuchy Ostrov (Utlyuk Estuary), Obitochnaya Spit (Obitochny Bay), Berdyansk Spit (Berdyansk Bay);
in the northeast: Belosarayskaya Spit, Curve Spit.
On Russian territory:
in the northeast: Beglitskaya Spit, Petrushina Spit, Taganrog Cape;
in the east: Cape Chumbursky, Glafirovskaya spit, Long spit, Kamyshevatskaya spit, Yasenskaya spit (Beisugsky estuary), Achuevskaya spit (Akhtarsky estuary), Yeyskaya spit, Sazalnikskaya spit;
in the southeast: Cape Achuevsky and Cape Kamenny (Temryuk Bay);
in the Kerch Strait: Chushka Spit, Tuzla Spit, Tuzla Island;
in the south-west: Cape Khroni, Cape Zyuk, Cape Chagany and Cape Kazantip;
in the west: Arabatskaya Strelka spit.

Rivers flowing into the sea:
On the territory of Ukraine:
in the northwest: Maly Utlyuk, Molochnaya, Korsak, Lozovatka, Obitochnaya, Berda, Kalmius, Gruzsky Elanchik;
On Russian territory:
in the northeast: Wet Elanchik, Mius, Sambek, Don, Kagalnik, Wet Chuburka, Eya;
in the southeast: Protoka, Kuban.

Legal status
The international legal status of the sea is determined by a number of sources of law, the most relevant of which is the Treaty between Russian Federation and Ukraine on cooperation in the use of the Sea of ​​Azov and the Kerch Strait (ratified by both parties in 2004). In this document, Azov is categorized as inland waters Russia and Ukraine.

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SOURCE OF PHOTO AND MATERIAL:
Team Nomads
The Sea of ​​Azov // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: In 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg, 1890-1907.
Neznamov P. A. Map of the Sea of ​​Azov in 1699 // Proceedings of the State. ist. museum. - 1941. - Issue. 14. - S. 73-81, repr. cards.
Velokurova N. I. Hydrometeorological characteristics of the Sea of ​​Azov / N. I. Velokurova, D. K. Starov. - Moscow-Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1947.
Tushin Yu. P. Russian navigation in the Azov, Caspian and Black Seas (XVII century) / Yu. P. Tushin; Auth. foreword V. V. Mavrodin; Artistic D. Stankevich; Leningrad Order of Lenin State University named after A.A. Zhdanov. - M .: Nauka (Chief edition of the eastern literature), 1978. - 184 p. — 10,000 copies. (reg.)
Encyclopedia of Taganrog. - Rostov-on-Don: Rostizdat, 2003. - 512 p. — ISBN 5-7509-0662-0.
Brodyanoy A.V. Names of the Sea of ​​Azov. - Vradievka: Publishing house Kovalenko A.G., 2008. - 48 p. - ISBN 978-966-2035-01-8.
http://club.foto.ru/
Wikipedia site

Complete information about the Sea of ​​Azov: its history and origin, where the sea got its name from, information about seasonal fluctuations in water, why the water in the Sea of ​​Azov is muddy and why there is a death of goby fish.

Sea of ​​Azov

The origin of the name of the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov

Where did the familiar name for us - the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov come from? They say that in the first century AD they called it Blue, and after the formation of the Tmutarakan Principality, the sea received the name Russian. Then there were a number of new names: Samakush, Salakar and even Mayutis. And at the beginning of the thirteenth century, a new name was established - the Saksinsk Sea. The Tatar-Mongol conquerors replenished the collection of Azov's names with the following names: Balyk-dengiz, which means "sea of ​​fish" and Chabak-dengiz, which means "sea of ​​bream." Some see the root of the name "Azov" in the transformation of the name Chabak-dengiz. Another group believes that the name was the result of the transformation of the word "Azak", denoting the mouth of the river, into Azau, and then into the familiar Azov.

The uniqueness of the Sea of ​​Azov

The Sea of ​​Azov is part of the Atlantic basin. It is a continuation of a long chain of seas that begin with the Mediterranean, Marmara and Black Seas. The Sea of ​​Azov connects directly to the basin of the ocean itself through a network of narrow straits, it is the smallest sea in the world, and at the same time the smallest and freshest, at the same time it is the only sea to which the Donetsk region has access. The Sea of ​​Azov is a real sea, unlike the Caspian and the Aral Sea, which, in fact, are lakes, because they have no connection with the oceans.

Origin of the Sea of ​​Azov

It was formed somewhere at the end of the Mesozoic - the beginning of the Cenozoic, (Cenozoic era) from some bay of the Black Sea during the rise of the Crimean mountains. Crimean mountains- this is part of the Alpine folding, they arose simultaneously with the Alps, Tatras, Carpathians and the Greater Caucasus. Mountains rose and separated the sea, forming the Kerch Strait, connecting the Black and Azov Seas. Part of the land rose - the bottom of the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov, so it turned out to be shallow. The average depth of the sea is about 8 meters, the deepest recorded point in the Sea of ​​​​Azov is 14 meters, a well-trained diver easily dives to the bottom anywhere in the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov. The area of ​​the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov is about 38 thousand square meters. km. Two main rivers flow into the sea - the Don and the Kuban (water-bearing rivers), due to which the sea water is diluted with fresh water, and the sea becomes less salty. This ensured its uniqueness in terms of the various living organisms that live there. The biogeocenosis that has formed in the Sea of ​​Azov occupies a middle intermediate position between the sea and the lake. They go there to spawn fish that are considered freshwater - bream, pike perch. In addition, there are also fish that are considered marine - sturgeon, ram, etc., they coexist peacefully.

Due to the special composition of the water, there were few harmful blue-green algae in the sea, which often cause the water to bloom (the phenomenon when algae multiply is called water bloom). Algae pollute the water, badly affect the fish and the saturation of the water with oxygen, because they take it away. All this provided a unique sanatorium treatment for vertebrates and invertebrates that live there.

Water level fluctuations in the Sea of ​​Azov

Due to the fact that the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov is connected with the World Ocean, tidal fluctuations are observed there, but they are insignificant. Probably, almost any resident of the Donetsk region at least once in his life visited the Sea of ​​Azov in holiday season, and personally saw the daily fluctuations of water, somewhere within a few tens of centimeters. This is due to the narrowness of the straits that connect the Sea of ​​Azov with the world's oceans, where the influence of tidal phenomena is greatest. There is an effect of hydraulic resistance, while this ebb and flow reaches our Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov, it loses its strength, loses energy in winding and narrow straits. Therefore, in the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov, daily fluctuations are not very noticeable, but seasonal fluctuations in sea level are very noticeable in it, the so-called wind surge phenomena - the movement of mass under the influence of constant winds. The official maximum recorded distance of the water's edge from the summer level is about 4.5 km. The bottom recedes, the bottom is exposed: this effect can be seen if you pour water into a flat plate and blow hard - the mass of water will move from one side of the plate to the other. Because of this phenomenon, small estuaries are filled, the so-called "rotten sea" of Sivash, which is already adjacent to the eastern part of the Crimea (exactly where the Red Army soldiers passed when the Crimea was stormed in the 20th year, when Wrangel was knocked out). In summer, on the contrary, the Sivash becomes shallower, the inlets, even in some places salt appears, due to natural evaporation, pieces of salt come out and remain on the surface, these are the features and tricks of this sea.

Turbid water in the Sea of ​​Azov

The water in the Sea of ​​Azov is muddy, but this is not the fault of the sea itself, this is not because it is somehow dirty, rotten, etc. Two powerful rivers- Kuban and Don flow across the plains, collect silt particles on their way, suspension, clay particles, and throw them into the sea. In the sea, mixing with the remains of microorganisms that are in the water, they form black mud, which accumulates on the bottom of the sea and has, to a certain extent, some kind of healing properties of a balneological type (silty particles mixed with biogenic remains of life in the Sea of ​​Azov).

Recently, the Sea of ​​​​Azov is going through hard times, despite the fact that environmentalists say that it is polluted, nothing can be done about it yet, and here's why: the waters of the Don and Kuban rivers are very intensively sorted out for irrigation of fields. Because of this, the so-called "daily debit" of the river drops significantly, and the inflow of fresh water decreases. Consequently, the level of the sea itself is falling and water from the Black Sea (through the Kerch Strait) begins to leak into the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov. There is a well-established stable Kerch Current, which carries the water of the Black Sea to the Sea of ​​Azov. Before the start of intensive agricultural activity in the Stavropol Territory, in the Don region, on the contrary, a reverse flow was observed, water flowed from the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov into the Black Sea, where it mixed with the water of the Black Sea (having a very slight effect). Now, on the contrary, there is an influx of salt water and the salinity of the sea increases annually. Most of all, this affected marine life- fish that spawned in less salty (almost fresh) water for a very long time, and now the fish simply do not want to go to spawn in the Sea of ​​​​Azov.

Pestilence of a goby in the Sea of ​​Azov

As soon as the salinity of the water in the sea increased, less useful algae began to multiply in it, which were unusual for the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov. IN last years The pestilence of goby fish in the Sea of ​​Azov has intensified, most often vacationers on the coast of the sea in the summer season face this problem, on the beaches of many resort towns gobies are washed ashore. And they are thrown ashore due to a lack of oxygen in the water. Receiving the oxygen dissolved in the water with their gills, they feel its lack, the cause of which is the lack of oxygen in the water. In the sea there are a large number of algae, which also need oxygen for their photosynthesis. Taking it out of the water, they deprive it of other marine life.

Silt in the Sea of ​​Azov

In addition, algae increase the siltiness of the sea. The age of life of algae is inexpensive, they die and their organic remains just increase it. Siltiness is influenced not only by currents, but also by the decomposition of the remains of small-celled animals and plants that lived in this water. Dying, their organic remains sink to the bottom, later turning into silt, and since the amount of algae in the sea only increases every year, the amount of silt will also increase proportionally.

The Sea of ​​Azov is one of those seas that completely freezes in winter. The Black Sea never freezes completely, but the Sea of ​​Azov freezes completely in frosty winters. The ice turns out to be mooring, it freezes to the shore and the entire water surface becomes covered with ice, if you wish, you can walk on such ice.