Sudak Sudak fortress. Consular castle and internal line of defense. Price with tour
There are many fortresses in the Crimea, even the name Genoese we met a couple of times in others settlements. But the fortress in Sudak, built on a 157-meter cone-shaped and impregnable grief with an area of 30 hectares - one. Yes, today we will visit the quite famous Genoese fortress in Sudak.
How to get to the Genoese fortress
Getting to the fortress is not difficult, because it is located in the city of Sudak itself. You can just walk along the embankment to the cape of the Fortress Mountain, where on the top, already in the middle of the path, the towers of the Genoese fortress will be visible.
Genoese fortress on the map.
This is exactly what we did, admiring the new views of the city of Sudak along the way.
Excursions
Group tour (from Alushta):– 11 hours, up to 30 people (possible with children)
Individual excursion (Sudak):– 1 day, up to 3 people
Opening hours of the Genoese fortress. Ticket price
The fortress is truly impregnable: on the one hand, its sheer rock and the sea, and on the other hand, the builders easily turned deep natural beams into a moat.
In general, do not go past the checkout. So let's find out how much the ticket costs.
The cost of self-examination of the Genoese fortress:
- adult - 150 rub
- children (up to 16 years old) — for free
- 75 rub
- entrance by invitation card - 1 rub
The last point amused me. I wonder where to get these same invitation cards and why, in this case, do they need my ruble?
Tour price:
- adult - 200 rub
- children (up to 16 years old) — 50 rub
- students, pensioners, local residents (Sudak district) – 125 rub
Tour groups are formed every 30 min. Tour duration - 40 min.
Working hours:
- cash register - from 8 to 19 without days off
- museum-fortress from 8 to 20 without days off
We got tickets for self-examination and went to the main gate.
What to see in the Genoese fortress
The entire fortress can be divided into two tiers.
The upper one is the Consular Castle with the Watchtower. Here, as a rule, lived the ruler of the city or the consul, who was appointed by the Genoese government for a year of reign, and also served as a military commandant and managed finances. , various weapons and food stocks were stored.
In the event of an enemy breakthrough into the fortress, the upper tier became a refuge for the defenders. In those days, Soldaya lived according to the "charter of the Genoese colonies", here everything was subordinated to protection from enemies.
The lower one is presented in the form of a defensive wall of 14 towers and the Main Gate. With the advent of darkness, the gates of the fortress were locked, and the bridge over the moat was raised. Even in peacetime, the consul did not have the right to leave the fortress, the garrison of 37 soldiers had to be in constant combat readiness, and the inhabitants could not go outside after the bell rang. There were heavy fines for violating these strict rules.
From the lower tier we will begin our walk around the fortress.
1. The main gate of the Genoese fortress. At the entrance we see two towers of impressive size, next to which a knight in not at all old chain mail flaunts in front of everyone who comes in. Yes, you thought right - this is the very knight who wants money for a photo with him. For those who love loneliness in the frame, here you can pick up medieval clothes.
The place in front of the gate was the so-called customs house, where a duty was taken from visiting merchants for imported goods. So not much has changed since then.
2. City. Having passed a little forward, a huge, almost empty square opened up to our gaze. Previously, this place was a city with a population of 8,000, which is quite a lot for the Middle Ages.
3. Towers of the fortress. We moved along the eastern wall of the fortress, where every 200 meters one could see some tower up to 15 meters high.
The towers bear the names of the consuls during whose reign they were built. This is evidenced by plates with inscriptions in Latin, and for tourists - information plates. However, if initially there were 14 towers, then only 8 have survived to this day.
4. Mosque. So at least it is customary to call this building, because no one still knows exactly what it was originally.
But unlike other buildings, it has been perfectly preserved, and inside there is a small museum with frescoes, heraldic plates, dishes, etc.
By the way, in front of the museum there is a platform for viewing the city from the walls of the fortress. Admittedly, a great view of Sudak opens from here.
5. Consular Castle. Gradually, gradually, so we got to the upper tier with the Consular Castle and the Watchtower.
The castle consists of towers, interconnected by a fortress wall, between which there is a courtyard. This yard is small, only 9 by 15 meters.
In the Middle Ages, the Consular Castle was the military residence of the consul, so there are also living quarters here.
We looked into one of the towers. Somewhere on the 3rd floor, the window offers a great view of the fortress walls.
6. Watch (Maiden) tower. The watch tower is located next to the castle, we went there through the platform, and at the same time admired the excellent panorama of the Genoese fortress.
The tower is high enough, and not all tourists run the risk of climbing to it along a steep rock with ledges that are slippery even in dry weather. We climbed a little to the right, where it was more or less flat.
From here, another excellent view opens up now of the sea from Cape Meganom to Ayu-Dag.
Watchmen from the tower watched the approach of the enemy, and during bad weather a fire was built here, which played the role of a beacon for ships at sea. Hence the name Watcher, and the girlish one was nicknamed because, like any other tower, this one also has many legends, the heroine of which is a young girl.
You can’t climb into the tower itself, besides, it’s dangerous. Now only 3 walls remain from it, as the fourth collapsed into the sea.
7. Port tower. After wonderful sea views, we went down to Western part fortresses.
Here, in the distance, I noticed another tower with a small temple of the Twelve Apostles. This is the tower of Frederico Astagver, standing on the defense of the port, so she was given a second name - Port. In the Middle Ages, this tower was connected by a wall with the corner towers of the Genoese fortress. Now, in order to get to the tower, it was necessary to leave the main gate. We did not do this, capturing the Port Tower with the temple only in the photograph.
With this, dear friends, I want to end our trip to the Crimea. And as always, the next article is waiting for you. Don't miss it! See you next time!
The Genoese fortress, also known as the Sudak fortress - fortifications of the 7th century AD. The fortress is located next to Sudak and is within walking distance. The first time I visited the Sudak fortress in 2003, and then, if my memory serves me right, it was called the Genoese. In preparation for the second visit, I was surprised to find that now it is called Sudakskaya. The explanation for the revision of the name of the fortress by scientists is that the Sudak fortress, and especially the territory of its location, cannot be attributed only to the Genoese reign. Long before the appearance of the Genoese, the Byzantine city of Sugdea, protected by fortifications, was located here. The appearance of the first fortifications dates back to the middle of the 7th century, after the entry of the Southern Crimea into Byzantium in the 6th century.
Plus, during the period of the Genoese rule, there were many fortresses in Crimea alone: Kafa - Feodosia, Chembalo - Balaklava, Vosporo - Kerch, Gruzui - Gurzuf, Partenit, Yalita - Yalta, Lusta (Aluston) - Alushta and of course Soldaya - Sudak. The remains of each of them (and others not listed) can be called a Genoese fortress, and then there will be confusion. Therefore, it is quite logical that the fortress in Sudak decided to name it according to its location. Periodically, other names will appear in the article. Sugdeya is a name from Greek sources, Soldaya is Western European, including Genoese, Sugdak is Persian, Arabic and Turkish.
According to legend, Sugdeya was founded in 212 AD and one of the versions says that the first inhabitants were the Alans, but there are no archaeological finds of this time yet. The origins of this information come from the notes of the monks on the margins of the manuscript book Synaxar of Sugdey. In the VI century Southern Crimea part of the Byzantine Empire. In the first half of the 8th century, the headquarters of a Khazar official was located in Sugdey. At the end of the 10th century, power again passes to the Byzantines. Since the end of the 11th century, the protectorate of the city has been carried out by the Polovtsians. Since the 13th century, Sugdeya has been part of the Crimean Ulus of the Golden Horde. Taking advantage of the turmoil in the Golden Horde, the Genoese occupy Sugdeya in 1365. By this time, the Genoese already had a trading post of Kafu (Feodosia), in which they entrenched themselves in agreement with the Mongol khan. Since that time, the Genoese history of the fortress begins. Until the Turkish troops arrived in 1475. First, the seaside Genoese fortresses fell one after another, and then the Principality of Theodoro with its capital in Mangup. In 1771, during the Russian-Turkish war, Russian troops occupied the fortress. The garrison of the cavalry company of the Kirillovsky regiment was quartered in the Sudak fortress.
How to get to the Genoese fortress in Sudak
By private transport: In Sudak we find Lenin Street and drive along it towards the village New World. Closer to the fortress, Lenin Street turns into Tourist highway. We pass the Sugar Loaf rock, which will be on the left, and the Sudak fortress is already visible. Near the bus stop "Selo Cozy" there is a paid parking lot where you can park.
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By public transport: Landmark - stop "Selo Cozy". From the bus station Sudak to the stop "Selo Cozy" goes minibus number 6(for her it is the ultimate) and minibus number 5(goes to the New World).
We arrived in Sudak in the evening, settled within walking distance from the fortress. Fortunately, there are enough offers for every taste and budget, especially if it is already the end of September or the beginning of October. It was 20 minutes walk to the Genoese fortress, and we decided to take a walk into the sunset. Passing nearby some, at that time unknown, rocks, they noticed a person on it. I thought that from there, perhaps, there would be an excellent overview and the person standing there was not in vain!
True, we left a little late, and came to the fortress when the regime time was coming to an end. The main gate, of course, was already closed. Along the northern wall we went to the east as far as we could, further there were already rocks. Opened from this place good view to the night Sudak. 
The fortress began to turn on night illumination, and I decided to take a couple more shots from this rock. 
Self-guided tour of the Genoese fortress in Sudak
We start visiting the Genoese fortress in Sudak with a passage through the swing bridge to the barbican. 
Barbican
The barbican is an additional defensive structure placed forward relative to the main entrance to the fortress. The barbican was surrounded by a deep moat with a swing bridge, which further complicated the actions of the attackers. Once in the barbican, the enemy found himself in front of a powerful main gate, as well as under fire from towers and walls.
A modern traveler, in order to get to the barbican, needs to buy an entrance ticket and decide whether he will visit the fortress on his own or with a guided tour. Current prices for .
Main entrance formed by perverse towers. The information on the foundation slabs of the towers says that the western one was built in 1385, and the eastern one in 1414. Also on the plates are the names of the consuls, under whom or by order of which they were built. West - Giacomo Torselli, east - Barnabo di Franchi di Pagano. Judging by the grooves, the gates were solid and lifting. 
Sudak fortress is located on Mount Fortress, the height of which is 157 m above sea level. The mountain is a petrified ancient coral reef, times of the Tethys Ocean. Sharp and steep slopes from the south and gently sloping from the north. The type of fortress that we now see arose already during the reign of coastal zone Genoese. They supplemented the natural impregnability with competent fortification. The fortress includes two tiers of gray limestone walls, the Consular Castle and 14 towers up to 15 meters high. The area of the fortress is about 30 hectares. On the territory of the fortress between the walls of the terraces there were urban residential and religious buildings. The terraces were divided by streets leading up to the Consular Castle. The craft buildings were located behind the main wall due to the fire hazard. 
cisterns
If you start walking around the fortress clockwise, then one of the first objects on the way will be two tanks: single and double - water storage facilities, 185 m 3 and 350 m 3 respectively. Water came from the hills of the mountain, moreover, through a clay water pipe. Now the double cistern houses the numismatics museum. 
Fair
Periodically, various historical events, festivals, exhibitions, concerts, as well as the annual international festival"Genoese helmet". Announcements of these events on the official website of the Sudak fortress. The Genoese fortress often participated and continues to participate in filming, which speaks of its uniqueness and photogenicity. Whole tourist season on the territory of the fortress there is a small fair with souvenirs and entertainment, such as archery. 
The semicircular tower is not typical for the Sudak fortress. It is the only such shape of the 14 towers. 
The cannons exhibited near the market do not belong to the fortress, but are from ships. 
Tower of Pasquale Giudice
The next tower of the Genoese fortress that we met on the way is Pasquale Giudice. A mortgage heraldic plate with the name of Consul Pasquale Giudice and the date of construction 1392 has been preserved. Such heraldic embedded plates are present in most towers. Basically, the towers were four-tiered and three-walled. The first level was used as a warehouse and for storing ammunition. On the second tier loopholes for archery are cut. The third level has larger windows for ballista shooting, and the fourth tier has crenellations. The first two levels from the side of the fortress were covered with a wooden wall or a wall of mud brick from bad weather and cold. There were wooden floors between the levels. 
Part of the northern wall has not been restored; many years of archaeological excavations are being carried out in this place. 
Tower of Luchini di Fieschi di Lavani
In May 2017, repair and restoration work was completed at a number of objects in the Sudak fortress. For example, the wall in the photo below already looks different. In the middle plan is the tower of Luchini di Fieschi di Lavani. The wall next to the heraldic plate has been restored. The tower dates from 1409. On the plate there are eight coats of arms with shields, four families of di Fieschi. The tower had a stone vault and was adapted to winter conditions. 
Corrado Chigala Tower
In the background is the only closed tower of Corrado Chigala (1404) on the lower tier of the Sudak fortress. 
Nameless Tower #2
We approach the Nameless Tower No. 2, which has a small exhibition of sea anchors. Time and marine organisms leave their mark. 
Temple with Arcade
Next to the Nameless Tower No. 2 is the best-preserved building of the Sudak fortress - the Temple with the Arcade. 
This place of worship It is noteworthy that during its existence it managed to change many religions and, accordingly, appointments. It is most likely that the building was originally built as a mosque. During the capture of the fortress by the Genoese, it became catholic church. After the capture of the Genoese fortress by the Turks, the building again became a mosque. When the Russians came, from the end of the 18th century it became a chapel. For some time it was used as a Lutheran prayer house for the German colonists (by the way, there is still an old German cemetery not far from the northern wall of the fortress). And from 1883 to 1926 the building was an Armenian-Catholic cathedral. It all seemed to me quite symbolic: time always takes precedence over any views of a person. And much in this context becomes details. And it would seem that simple things, simple universal values and truths, are not subject to this very time. Now in the Temple with the Arcade there is an archaeological exposition. I advise you to go, it is very interesting, you can stay there for a long time. 
On the southern wall is Mirhab - a niche in the wall of the mosque. 
Clay water pipes. 
Observation deck on the Sudak Bay
Not far from the Temple with the Arcade there is an observation deck, from where a panorama of Sudak, Sudak Bay opens, Mount Alchak-Kaya protrudes into the sea, and beyond it one can see the Meganom peninsula in the haze. 
On the way to the fortress, it is impossible not to notice the tree of desires. This wish tree is probably one of the most civilized I have ever seen. Without any handkerchiefs, socks and other sanitary and hygienic matters on the branches. But because standardized ribbons are sold next to it. It can be controversial to relate to this phenomenon, but in the fall, without foliage and with a sea of \u200b\u200bribbons, it looks beautiful. 
Consular castle and inner line of defense
We go beyond the inner line of defense, to the consular castle. 
View from the window of the Consular Castle: 
The consular castle consists of a tower, a courtyard and the main donjon tower. Donjon - main residence consuls. 
We get to the first floor of the donjon, where a fireplace and several niches have been preserved, as well as a loophole. 
There is also a semi-basement with a water tank, which also served as an armory. The second floor also has a fireplace, four windows and a balcony for access to the observation deck. 
The most famous window of the donjon of the Consular Castle faces west. It offers a view of the inner wall with the towers of Georgivskaya, Bezymyannaya No. 1, the Watch Tower and part of the territory of the fortress. Most popular place among tourists to capture themselves in the photo. To take a photo of this part of the room without people, you need to be patient, you just need to move away from the window, as the next photo session begins. 
The Consular Castle, the inner protective wall, St. George and Nameless Towers No. 1 - all this is one architectural ensemble, built by the Genoese in the first place after the capture of Sugdeya.
You can get behind the inner wall through the St. George's Tower. Own modern name she received it due to the fact that during the perestroika, a stone was found with the image of a lamb, which was mistaken for a horse. 
From the level of the St. George's Tower, the territory of the Genoese fortress is clearly visible and the ruins of the Catholic Cathedral of the Holy Virgin Mary are visible. 
Fortress Hill and Watchtower
The content of the inscription on the warning stand has practically no effect on most tourists, because their figures on the top of the mountain and near the Watchtower are regularly seen. The fact is that no ennobled and safe excursion trail has been laid on the mountain. You will have to climb the rocks, taking all responsibility only on yourself. I decided to check how dangerous it is. 
Closer to the rocks is the Temple on the consoles. A temple with two apses that protrude beyond the foundation, relying on slopes, which gave the structure its name. The exact dating is not known. 
You will have to climb the mountain along polished rocks with a strong slope in places. Along the way, there are the remains of protective walls, and on the other side there is a cliff, a small piece of land and the sea. 
The views from the mountain are just incredible, it's highest point fortresses! No wonder the tower, which is located here, was named Dozornaya or Kyz-Kule and is the oldest building. It was not even a tower, but a complex consisting of a tower, a small courtyard and several office premises. From here it is also clear that south side there was no point in defending the castle, since the rock is already an excellent natural wall. 
Regarding the ascent and descent. It's really unsafe, especially as most do, in flat-soled shoes. No sneakers, slates, shoes, sandals and the like. I saw how tourists in such shoes were looking for the best descent from above for a long time, and the rocks were still dry. After all, we must also take into account that the descent is always harder. Therefore, for those who want to feel like a brave sentinel of the Genoese fortress, I advise you to think about shoes with good grip.
At the exit from the fortress in the barbican, a pirate in the style of Jack Sparrow was seen with a dead man's chest. 
Rock Sugarloaf, or Sudak Golgotha
After visiting the Sudak fortress, we decided to explore the rock, located closer to the city and visible from the fortress.
On the hill, on the approach to the rock, there are crosses. 
It turned out that here in 2004 the shooting of the series "The Master and Margarita" directed by Vladimir Bortko took place. Scene with Mount Golgotha and the crucifix. That is why the second name of the rock appeared - Sudak Golgotha. But the most interesting thing is that the film "The Master and Margarita" was already filmed in this place in 1994, directed by Yuri Kara. And when they were going to shoot "The Master and Margarita" by Vladimir Bortko, the holes from the crosses were already from previous filming. Due to various disagreements, the film directed by Yuri Kara was shown at a private screening at the XXVIII Moscow International Film Festival only in 2006, 12 years later, and was released in 2011.
The Genoese fortress is located in the city of Sudak, in the southeastern part of the Crimean peninsula. The fortress is only 2 km away. from the embankment. It occupies an area of about 30 hectares. It is a visiting card, and one of the main attractions not only of Sudak, but also of the Crimea. The fortress rises on a fortress mountain 157 meters high, called Genevez-Kaya, which was once a coral reef. The Genoese erected many fortifications on the Crimean coast. There are fortresses of the same name in Feodosia, and in Balaklava, and in many other areas. Therefore, in Lately more often you can hear the name - Sudak fortress
Story:
To truly touch the atmosphere of the romantic Middle Ages, you need to visit the Sudak fortress. The location of the fortress is such that it is visible from almost every corner of Sudak and its environs. medieval fortress, which has come down to our days in excellent condition, attracts a huge number of tourists here, who have long had a tradition, be sure to take a photo against the backdrop of a majestic fortress with battlements, towers and cannons. In total there are 14 towers, each of which was given the name of the consul who ruled Sugdeya (another name for Sudak).
The fortress was practically impregnable, thanks to powerful fortifications from the west, from southeast it was protected by sheer cliffs descending into the sea, from the northeast, most likely, there was an artificial moat. The Genoese fortress had two lines of defense. The entire architectural ensemble is represented by three complexes - the Lower, Upper and Internal buildings.
The lower fortress is represented by the Main Gate, a crenellated fortification wall 2 meters wide and 8 meters high, and 14 towers, some of which are completely preserved and have a height of 15 meters. The area in front of the main gate is called the Barbican. This is an almost circular space, once in which, the enemy was trapped.
The upper fortress is the last line of defense. This is the citadel, where the consul took refuge in case of danger. The castle is surrounded by powerful walls forming a courtyard with 4 towers.
Genoese fortress in Sudak beckons local residents and tourists also with the Genoese Helmet festival, which opened in 2001, which annually gathers many participants and spectators. This battle-costume action is, in fact, a real jousting tournament. Residential, religious buildings, viewing platforms have been preserved on the territory of the fortification.
Video (click to play)
Opening hours, prices:
Now the Sudak fortress has the status of a museum-reserve and is available for inspection to everyone. There are at least 200,000 visitors a year here, and the demand for the ancient historical monument only grows.
Tour groups are formed every 20 minutes.
The average duration of the tour is 40 minutes.
Opening hours, price for 2018:
Sudak fortress - a museum under open sky accepts visitors all year round without breaks and weekends, but the duration of work depends on daylight hours and varies by season.
Inspection of the fortress on your own:
- Adult - 150 rub.
- children under 16 years old - for free.
Payment for excursion service for all categories of citizens - 50 rubles.
Exposition in the "Temple with an arcade" until 17-30
Tour groups are formed every 30 minutes.
Working hours historical museum"Dacha Funk"
SR, Thu, Sat, sun- from 9-00 to 18-00
Fri- from 11-00 to 20-00, Mon- Day off, WT- Sanitary day
On the days of festivals and other events, the cost of tickets and the schedule of excursions may change.
Address: Republic of Crimea, Sudak,
st. Genoese fortress 1
Official website of the State Budgetary Institution of the Republic of Crimea "Museum-Reserve "Sudak Fortress": http://sudak-museum.ru/
How to get there:
By car from Sudak, go along Lenin Street towards the village of Novy Svet. Closer to the fortress, the street turns into the Tourist Highway. Soon we pass to the right of the Sugar Loaf rock, and the fortress is already visible. Not far from bus stop- paid parking.
Public transport. From the bus station Sudak fixed-route taxi №1 , №5 , №6 to the stop "The village is cozy."
Walk to the fortress - 20 minutes.
You can visit the Genoese fortress in Sudak on many excursions. For convenience, you can go directly from the page of this attraction to viewing offers. Excursion to the Genoese fortress is carried out by both private guides and excursion companies. The price depends on the excursion program, transport and experience of the guide. Choose proven excursions in Sudak, for this the site has ratings and reviews. "Excursion" will help you make an informed choice.
Above the steep rocks on Mount Krepostnaya rises the stone Genoese fortress, the pride of Sudak, its business card and priceless gem. Today, with its grandeur, it attracts tourist crowds, but hundreds of years ago appearance the citadel played a secondary role. In those days, its fortification properties came to the fore, and, I must say, it perfectly performed its tasks. Due to its favorable location and powerful defensive fortifications, the Sudak fortress was considered almost impregnable. In addition, she was protected by sheer mountain slopes and the artificial moat that existed at that time.
There are several legends about the history of the fortress, one of which tells about the construction in 212, but so far the plausibility of this version has not been confirmed by facts. A more popular point of view is that the fortress appeared at the end of the 7th century, and it was founded by the Khazars or the Byzantines. The main part of the structures and walls that have come down to us is attributed to the experienced Genoese who built the citadel from 1371 to 1469.
Above the steep rocks on Mount Krepostnaya rises the stone Genoese fortress, the pride of Sudak, his calling card and a priceless pearl.
Time and wars did not spare the Sudak fortress, to this day it has survived only partially. The main gate, 12 towers, the temple-mosque, the temple of the Twelve Apostles, the warehouse and the ruins of the barracks testify to its former power and greatness.
Helpful information
Finding the fortress is not difficult, even if you are in Sudak for the first time, as it is visible from any part of the city. To get to the fortress, you can use public transport: trolleybus number 1 (Dachnoe - Uyutnoe) or suburban trolleybus No. 5 (Sudak - Novy Svet).
By private car from the bus station you need to go along the street. Guards, st. Oktyabrskaya, then along the street. Lenin, which, after going to the Tourist highway, will lead you straight to the fortress. And finally, lovers of walking from the bus station will reach the Sudak fortress in about 30-40 minutes.
You can enter the Sudak fortress through the main gate. Entrance is paid, ticket offices are located on next street Genoese fortress. Entrance: 150 RUB (200 RUB with a tour), for children - 75 RUB (100 RUB with a tour). The average duration of the tour is 40 minutes.
For sightseeing you can join excursion group or walk around the fortifications on your own. Fortunately, throughout the reserve there are signs with detailed information about objects.
So viewing platforms, located almost at the very cliff, offers incredible views of Sudak and the mountains surrounding it. The spectacle is truly unforgettable and inspiring.
Working hours: without days off and breaks; in summer - from 8:00 to 20:00 (ticket office - until 19:00), winter period- from 9:00 to 17:00 (ticket office - until 16:00).
What to see
In the building of the former temple-mosque, the museum of the reserve "Sudak fortress" was opened, in the exhibition halls of which valuable archaeological finds are collected. Here you can find ancient coins, amphorae, antique jewelry and all kinds of works of art.
Rare chance to dive into medieval atmosphere and participate in impromptu battles are received by the participants of the knightly festival "Genoese Helmet", which is held annually in the fortress.
For the period of the festival, the cost of entrance tickets increases significantly, but the spectacle is worth the money and time spent.
Prices on the page are for August 2018.
