The Yasenevo estate is a beautiful temple near the Bitsevsky forest. Memorial "dedicated to military sailors" on the Yasenevsky ponds

Manor Yasenevo

Owners: Princely, royal possession (XIV-XVI), Protopopov A.M. (early XVII), Lvov A.M. (1646-1655), palace department (1656-1690), Lopukhins (1690-1790), Beloselskaya A.G. (late XVIII), treasury or Paul I (1799-1800), Gagarins (1801-1862), Buturlins (1862-1917)

History of formation

The existing architectural and park complex was created under Prince F.A. Lopukhin in the middle of the 18th century. In the first third of the 19th century, under the princes Gagarins, residential buildings were rebuilt in accordance with the norms of classicism, the regular park was supplemented with landscape compositions. The church was rebuilt in the middle of the 19th century.

In 1924 main house burned, its top floor was demolished. Before that, the Museum fine arts books were taken out, the volost council of deputies took over the furnishings, the living room of the Karelian birch was taken over by the Moscow Extraordinary Commission. In the 1970s the house was recreated in the forms of the middle of the 18th century; appropriate forms are given to the outbuildings.

Estate complex

The front yard of the estate is open towards the Church of Peter and Paul. In a small regular park surrounded by a rampart and a moat, ponds and a dilapidated greenhouse have been preserved. Parterre behind the house and several alleys are readable. To the south of the park, the compositional axis of the estate is emphasized by a long alley, the former road to the mill.

The shapes of the small U-shaped main house and outbuildings correspond to the developed baroque, which is rarely found in the architecture of residential buildings in Moscow and the Moscow region. Their walls are rusticated, the windows with arched lintels are framed with elegant architraves. The monumental baroque Peter and Paul Church (1751) of the "octagon on a quadrangle" type has a refectory and a bell tower (1861-1863), which are made with the stylization of the original forms according to the project of the artist Kalugin. Nearby are the services and the house of the clergy of the 19th century.

The estate was owned only by representatives of high society. Turns in her history are connected with women's destinies. She falls into the Lopukhin family thanks to the marriage of Peter I to Evdokia Lopukhina as a gift from the emperor to his father-in-law and brother. Later, Tsarina Evdokia was exiled to the Novodevichy Convent, and her brother Avraam Fedorovich was executed for his political views and connection with Tsarevich Alexei. Emperor Peter II (1715-1730) returned in 1727 from exile a crowned nun, who, having settled in Moscow, contributed to the exaltation of relatives. The nephew of the former tsarina, Privy Councilor Fyodor Abramovich Lopukhin, thanks to a brilliant match with the daughter of an associate of Peter I B.P. Sheremetev Vera Borisovna, was finally able in the 1730s-1750s. furnish the home with dignity.

The estate came to the Gagarin family as a gift from Paul I to his former favorite Anna Lopukhina, who became the wife of P.E. Gagarin. Of the Gagarins, the most famous is Sergei Ivanovich (1777-1862) - the president of the Moscow Society of Agriculture, who used the estate for his agronomic experiments. In honor of his heavenly patron, the throne of Sergius of Radonezh was consecrated in the manor church.

The estate is protected by the state as an object cultural heritage federal significance. The area of ​​the object is 27.6 hectares. The buildings are occupied by the restoration organization, the park is used for recreation by residents of the surrounding areas

Website of the Yasenevo Estate

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Only 2 editions, the last one was made 6 years ago anonymous #48822468 from Moscow

Introduction:
Why do we need it?
Moscow - Cultural Center Russia. This title rightfully belongs to a huge city. Under the onslaught of scientific progress and modern views, new high-rise buildings of a bizarre shape and modern design appear in the capital, which are replacing old, small houses and estates from life.
And now sandwiched between high-rise buildings and highways Yasenevo estate is living its life. In the past, the "blooming" estate with a French park and several dug ponds delighted the minds of the progressive people of that time, such as Peter I and Paul I, etc. Now, many people walk at a quick pace near the remains of a manor house and overgrown ponds, not even guessing which rich story at this estate. At present, due to the thoughtless actions of people, we can lose this piece of our history. We decided not to let this happen!
Why? Yes, because Yasenevo is our "small" homeland. Together with school knowledge, we get fresh air from Bitsevsky forest. The history of our house is interesting to us, and its fate is not indifferent. We want to restore at least a small area french park 18th century, which was on the estate.
Along with this, we also propose to make a museum in one of the premises of the estate, which would house household items, photographs, stories about interesting events from the life of its owners. Many residents of the district do not even realize that the daughter of one of the owners of the village (E.F. Lopukhina) was the wife of Peter I, who often visited Yasenevo and liked to relax under the oak.
Working on this project, we solve several problems at once. The first one is vandalism. By creating something with your own hands, you understand how much effort it cost you, and you begin to appreciate not only your own work, but also the work of other people. The second problem is not youth employment. Instead of spending time in doorways in dubious companies, students are engaged in interesting and socially useful work - studying their "small" homeland. Their friends will follow them, and after them more and more, and so on.
The Yasenevo estate connects not only the past and the present, it connects and will continue to connect people with different interests and views. And right now it must be born again in order to discover the new again and again and not let the old be forgotten. After all, without the past there is no present, and without the present there is no future (photo 1)
Gagarins
On February 8, 1801, the name of the new Yasenevsky landowner appeared - Adjutant General Prince Pavel Gavrilovich Gagarin. In 1805, Lopukhina-Gagarina died. Ovdov, Pavel Gavrilovich settled in Yasenev. Here the prince finished the popular book Thirteen Days, or Finland. Famous for its exemplary economy, especially apple orchards and strawberry gardens. Yasenevo was evaluated after Patriotic War 1812 at 180 thousand rubles. In 1818, the estate and the village of Yasenevo passed to a distant relative P.G. Gagarin - real Privy Councilor and Senator Prince Sergei Ivanovich Gagarin (1777-1862). But Pavel Gavrilovich was in Yasenevo until the end of his days. Sergei Ivanovich rebuilt the manor ensemble somewhat: although the outbuildings retained their architectural forms, they were supplemented with wooden mezzanines, their central parts were decorated with wooden four-columned porticos to a height of two floors: a belvedere tower appeared on the manor house. Among the many hobbies of Sergei Ivanovich Gagarin, agriculture remained the main one throughout his life, which the prince was engaged in seriously and thoughtfully. In Yasenev, he started a model garden, a fruit-changing farm, fine-fleeced sheep. The house was surrounded by thickets of lilacs. Lilac bushes also grew around the ponds, falling down the slope in terraces. Yasenevo itself attracted S.I. Gagarin, first of all, by the possibility of a wide staging of planned experiments. Huge greenhouses and experimental fields were laid here. Work on the Yasenevsky fields and in the gardens was interrupted by the death of S.I. Gagarin.
Buturlins
Already after the abolition of serfdom, in 1862, the Yasenevo estate was in the possession of the Buturlins. The further development of the village of Yaseneva proceeded independently of the estate. Yasenevo was one of the largest Russian villages in the middle of the 19th century. It began to grow noticeably: in 1874 there were already 119 households, and ten years later - one and a half hundred with 639 inhabitants (313 males and 326 females). Men's and women's zemstvo schools, six shops were opened in the village, and a small brick factory began to operate.
The Yasenevo estate after the death of M.S. Buturlina was inherited in 1902 by her sons: retired lieutenant general Sergei Sergeevich (1842-1920), candidate of law, writer Alexander Sergeevich (1845-1916) and retired lieutenant general Dmitry Sergeevich (1850-1917) Buturlins. Daughter Sofya Sergeevna Buturlina (1848-1917) married Count Saltykov and subsequently owned a neighboring estate in Maly Golubin. The name of the son of Alexander Sergeevich Buturlin - the famous scientific zoologist and geographer Sergei Alexandrovich Buturlin (1872-1938) - is also associated with the Yasenevo estate.

YASENEVO:
a little about history
Royal estate. Yasenevo is the oldest and most beautiful village in the Moscow region, known since the 13th century. For the beauty of the local nature and for the marvelous hunting grounds of the surrounding Yasenevo, it was appealed by the kings, and until the end of the 16th century it was a palace village. For three centuries it was owned by Ivan IV the Terrible, Fedor Ioanovich, Boris Godunov, Mikhail Fedorovich, Alexei Mikhailovich and Peter I.
For the first time it is mentioned in the spiritual charter of the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan Danilovich Kalita dated 1338 (31), in which, according to the division of property between his sons, the "village of Yasinovskoye" went to the third, youngest son, Andrei Ivanovich.
Andrei Ivanovich received the hand of Princess Maria Keystutovna, granddaughter of Grand Duke Gediminas of Lithuania. For their son Vladimir Andreevich (Brave) - cousin, associate and friend of St. blgv. Prince Dmitry Donskoy, who distinguished himself by extraordinary courage in the Battle of Kulikovo, for which he received his nickname - the Kremlin courtyard was the place of winter stay, the village of Yasenevo - summer. Vladimir Andreevich divided the destinies, including the Moscow part, among the members of his large family in spiritual literacy. "Yasinevo village with villages and Panshina Gar" went to one of his seven sons - Vasily Peremyshlsky. He died very young during the famous epidemic of 1427, from which all his brothers also died. Yasenevo went to the only grandson of Vladimir the Brave - Vasily Yaroslavich, who owned the Borovsk-Serpukhov principality. Judging by the letters of that time, Yasenevo was a significant village with numerous villages "pulling" to it.
In July 1456, on the personal orders of the suspicious Vasily the Dark, Vasily Yaroslavich was captured and exiled to prison in Uglich. Supporters tried to free the prince from captivity, but the plot was discovered, and the conspirators were subjected to cruel executions, Vasily Yaroslavich himself was captured and transferred even further north - to the Volga, where he died in "glands" (fetters) in 1483, already with his son Vasily the Dark - Ivan III. All possessions of the disgraced prince, including Yasenevo, were confiscated.
After the death of Vasily the Dark in 1462, Yasenevo "with everything" passed to his youngest son Andrei Vasilyevich Menshov, adding to his lot - the Vologda Principality. His lineage soon crossed. Andrei Vasilyevich died childless in 1481. He practically did not deal with Yasenev. His will, more like a list of debts, has been preserved. "The village of Yasenevskoye near Moscow" went to Andrei's brother, Boris Volotsky, after whose death it was inherited by his sons, Fedor and Ivan Borisovich.
Grand Duke Ivan III, systematically pursuing a policy of centralization of the country, could not put up with the presence of numerous possessions of his relatives at his side, in which the appanage princes felt themselves to be full masters. Therefore, in July 1497, he gave the Volotsk princes two distant volosts, and took almost all of their villages near Moscow, including Yasenevo with villages, for himself.
But Ivan III failed to put an end to the appanage system. He was forced to restore them, distributing the land among his sons. In 1504, he bequeathed Yasenevo to his youngest son Andrei, who became a specific staritsa prince.
Ivan IV (the Terrible), who came to power in 1547, tonsured Efrosinya Andreevna and exiled her to the Belozersky Resurrection Goritsky Monastery. At her request, in 1569, Ivan the Terrible ceded to her son, Vasily Andreevich, the inheritance of Vereya in exchange for other Staritsky lands, including the village of Yasenevo. Surrounded by dense forests, Yasenevo was convenient place for royal hunting for beaver game, beavers, foxes, wolves and bears. Ivan the Terrible liked to hunt here.
In his spiritual letter of 1557, Grozny bequeathed the village of Yasenevo to his beloved son Ivan, who, nine years later, fell victim to the furious anger of the tsar (which, by the way, is a myth). Yasenevo passed to the youngest son of Grozny - Tsar Fedor Ioanovich (1557-1598).
At the beginning of the 17th century, under Boris Godunov, the village of Yasenevo still remained under the jurisdiction of the tsars. On April 13, 1605, Tsar Boris died suddenly in the Kremlin. Troubled times have begun. After the devastating peasant wars and the Polish-Swedish intervention, all the villages along the Kaluga road were burned and empty.
The revival of Yasenev is associated with the name of Fyodor Romanov - Patriarch Filaret (1554-1633). Upon returning from Polish captivity in 1626, he immediately starts building a large wooden church of Faith, Hope, Love and their mother Sophia here. After the death of the patriarch, his son, Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, transferred Yasenevo for use to one of the people close to Filaret, the royal confessor - "Annunciation Protopopov's son Ananya" - A.M. Protopopov (the younger son of the tsar's confessor, archpriest of the Annunciation Cathedral Maxim), who owned the village from 1635 to 1646. Ananya was in favor with Tsarina Evdokia Lukyanovna, and repeatedly received expensive gifts from her. Perhaps Yasenevo was granted to him at the request of the queen in connection with his marriage in 1631. The estate briefly stayed with Ananya, returned to the treasury, but was soon donated to another successful courtier - in 1646 Anania was replaced by a person no less close to the royal court - the boyar and butler, Prince Alexei Mikhailovich Lvov, the favorite of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich - the father of Peter I.
At that time, according to the 1646 census book, there were single-domed wooden church, "a boarded boyar yard, a stable yard, a cattle yard and 26 draft peasant yards and Bobyl yards, 65 male souls." For the middle of the 17th century, the village was considered large and rich. Yards of the village of Yaseneva were distinguished by good quality and good condition. But it was the gardens that gave them their real value. What kind of gardens these were can be judged from the description in the cadastral book: “In the village of the sovereign, there are two gardens - one behind the church near the state tithe arable land, as far as the garden is two tithes without a quarter, and besides, the garden was sown from the sovereign tithe arable land and of the gardener's courtyard garden plots, three tithes without half a third of a tithe, and another sovereign garden behind the peasant's estate land, as far as that garden, a tithe without a quarter; those gardens have gardeners ... Three or four gardeners were enough to go around about six hectares of apple trees garden. Each tree was registered: "And there were nine apple trees on the church land" (photo 2).
Boyar Lvov made numerous contributions to the Yasenevskaya church: decorations for the iconostasis, the handwritten book "Apostle", and built a "bell on pillars for five bells", also cast at the expense of Alexei Mikhailovich.
He died childless. After his death in 1655, the village (in 1656), Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich again takes it into the Palace department. Yasenevo again shone as a palace village and remained in the possession of the tsars until 1690.
The king liked this place so much that he wanted to turn the village into his country residence. Alexei Mikhailovich came here with the young Empress Natalya Kirillovna, nee Naryshkina, the young Peter, the future reformer of Russia. Yes, and Peter I himself, during the short prosperous period of his first marriage, according to legend, "sat with his meek Empress Evdokia Feodorovna Lopukhina" under an old oak tree, which, according to legend, was preserved even in the 20th century.
In 1674, next to the old church, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich ordered the construction of a new one - Znamenskaya, large and "wonderfully decorated" three-tiered, two-story, three-altar. Here is her description: "... a village, Yasinevo on a pond, and in it is a wooden church of the Sign of the Most Holy Theotokos, a hipped roof, with a porch (upper church), but that church has a different church in the name of the Holy Great Martyr Sophia (the lower stairs are under the lower locker, the top is hipped; the real church and the lower churches, the altar and the frontier and the clerk are covered with boards, and the crosses are upholstered in white iron, the building of the great sovereign, and built in 1682 (1674); the church of that door has wooden doors.
Lopukhins. In 1688, under John V Alekseevich and Pyotr Alekseevich, the village, together with the boyars, was granted to the boyar Fedor (Illarion) Abramovich Lopukhin, whose daughter, Evdokia, was married by Pyotr Alekseevich in January 1689. In the donation dated January 11, 1690, only "the boyar's yard, the stable yard, the cattle yard, eight yards business people", which were transferred to inheritable possession with the condition that they dispose of Yasenev at their discretion, only "do not give that patrimony to monasteries", and if the Lopukhin family is interrupted, return the estate to the Palace department.
Fyodor Lopukhin died in 1713, and after him Yasenevo was inherited in 1697 by his son Abram Fedorovich.
Abram Fedorovich Lopukhin was sent to Italy in 1697 to study shipbuilding. Upon his return to Moscow, he enjoyed great influence among the well-born boyars, hostile to Peter and concentrated around Tsarevich Alexei. Abram Fedorovich Lopukhin knew the plans for the escape and the whereabouts of the prince. In 1718, he was brought to trial in the case of Tsarevich Alexei and on November 9 he was executed. The gallows with their corpses was removed only in 1727, after the death of Empress Catherine I and the return of Evdokia Feodorovna to the court. His movable and immovable property was "taken to the sovereign", and Yasenevo again entered the Palace department.
As evidenced by the inventory of the beginning of the 18th century, compiled in connection with the confiscation of the Lopukhins' estate by order of Peter I, at that time Yasenevo was an estate of wondrous beauty. "From two sides, a huge Orchard with an area of ​​3.5 dessiatines, with ponds... 1,800 different kinds of apple trees, hundreds of plums and cherries. A small flower garden planted on four sides with currants was laid out in the garden. "Only in 1727, the confiscated Yasenevo was returned to one of the sons of the executed patrimony - Fyodor Avraamovich (Abramovich) Lopukhin (died in 1767), later Privy Councilor, Knight of the Order of St. Anna. Fyodor Lopukhin was married to Vera Borisovna, the daughter of the famous Field Marshal of the time of Peter the Great B.P. Sheremetev - the hero of the Russian-Prussian war. They had seven daughters in marriage. The richest dowry of the spouses allowed the owner of Yasenevo to engage in the widest construction. He radically rebuilt the entire estate: its temple and manor and park ensemble.
Since 1733, Lopukhin has repeatedly submitted these petitions for permission to build a stone church of Peter and Paul in his estate instead of the dilapidated wooden Znamenskaya Church, which "was dilapidated and it is impossible to serve in it."
But only in 1751, during the reign of Elizabeth Petrovna, by decree of Her Imperial Majesty and, according to the definition of the Moscow Ecclesiastical Consistory, it was ordered to the Pekhryansk Spiritual Board, the church of Sts. App. Peter and Paul, "send a decree: order the wooden church to be examined in the indicated village", and if "according to the testimony it appears that it is truly dilapidated and it is not possible to rule in it, then instead of that dilapidated church in the vicinity and in the same place, a stone church let build like other holy churches, with the altar to the east, and build ubati with holy yukons written in the ancient Orthodox eastern church custom, ... and decorate with all other ecclesiastical splendor and make it suitable for consecration, so that there is no shortage in anything. When this church is built and satisfied with all the needs and will be completely ready for consecration, then describe everything in it separately and abolish the old church after the consecration of this stone church ... "
Finally, "at the request of State Councilor Lopukhin F.A. to build in his patrimony in the Moscow district in the village of Yasenevo instead of the dilapidated Church of the Sign of the Most Holy Theotokos," the construction of a new, in the late Baroque style, the Church of Peter and Paul begins - "a stone building, with such but the border, a three-tiered bell tower and a fence, is covered with iron; utensils are sufficient; the parable has been laid down for a long time: a priest, a deacon and a sexton, ending with the diligence of foreman Fyodor Abramovich Lopukhin in 1751 (updated in 1863). The old, by that time very dilapidated, wooden Znamenskaya Church was developed. A new, built, exists to this day. The illumination of the temple took place in 1751-1753.
Following the church on a hill surrounded by picturesque groves and lawns, a stone manor house in the style of the Elizabethan baroque, rare for the Moscow region, with a magnificently unfolded front staircase leading directly to the mezzanine and a ramp from the side of the garden, wings are being built, set perpendicular to the house. The space between them is closed by a fence, and around the house is broken french park with alleys, ponds, pavilions and gazebos, so that everything as a whole was a regularly planned palace and park ensemble estates.
French park. In 1756, Yasenevo, as a dowry, went to the eldest daughter of Fyodor Lopukhin, but remained in their family, since Anna Fedorovna married a representative of another branch of this family - Andrian Andrianovich Lopukhin (1737-1812). They completed the construction of the estate complex, continued work in the park with several dug ponds. The master's house from the side of the courtyard was decorated with a figured staircase with divergent round flights. The façade facing the park had a somewhat squat portico-terrace; In the basement (basement) vaulted hall, a well was dug, lined with bricks (photo 3)

It is not clear whether the Lopukhins parted with the estate, but according to one version, already from the widow Anna Feodorovna, who did not completely part with the village, the property was inherited by her son, Vasily Fedorovich, married to A.P. Gagarina. And in 1812, documents already indicate that Pavel Gavrilovich Gagarin inherited the possession of Yasenev from his father Gavril Petrovich in 1808.
According to another version, at the end of the 18th century, under Andrian Andrianovich Lopukhin, it belonged to the second wife of the enlightened gentleman of the 18th century, diplomat and writer, Prince Alexander Mikhailovich Beloselsky (1752-1809) - Anna Grigorievna, nee Kozitskaya (1773-1846), daughter of one from Catherine's secretaries of state.
Among the children of Alexander Mikhailovich from his first marriage was the famous Princess Zinaida Volkonskaya, who opened the list of brilliant educated women of her time. From this period in the history of Yasenev, the portrait of Princess Anna Mikhailovna Beloselskaya, nee Naumova (1740-1796), was preserved in the estate for a long time. She was the wife of the elder brother A.M., who died early. Beloselsky, also a diplomat (both successively held the same position of envoy in Dresden). This marriage was unsuccessful. Anna actually broke up with her husband, and her affair with her cousin, foreman P.I. Samirsky, ended tragically - she died in childbirth. Her portrait - the work, apparently, of a serf painter - was the only painting left in Yasenevo from the 18th century. Obviously, after the sale of the estate in 1801, other family portraits were cut out, and this one, reminiscent of an unpleasant family history, was left.
The subsequent owners kept it, which does credit to their artistic tastes.
Borovikovsky. Even before the arrival of P.G. Gagarin in Yasenevo, his parents order V.L. Borovikovsky portraits of three daughters, i.e. three of his sisters. Ekaterina Gagarina is presented against the backdrop of a romantic park, sisters Anna and Varvara with notes and a guitar. Two young girls, dressed at home, are busy playing music on the veranda among the greenery. One of the sisters, fingering the strings of the guitar, looks into the notes, the second is depicted while singing with her mouth half open. The idea of ​​the picture - to show the idyll of domestic life and the tender feelings born by music - fully corresponds to the trend in the culture of that time - sentimentalism. Originally used unusual canvas format, it is close to a square.
Famous for its exemplary farming, especially apple orchards and "strawberry gardens", Yasenevo is estimated after the Patriotic War of 1812 at one hundred and eighty thousand rubles. P.G. is here until the end of his days. Gagarin and A.P. Gagarin, married to great-granddaughter A.D. Menshikov, - "to her indifferent princess, who from time to time became more charming," in the words of V.L. Pushkin, the poet's uncle. Almost from each of the residents and guests of Yasenevo of that time, Pushkin A.S. a thread of friendships, common affairs, interests, days spent together.
S.I. Gagarin (1777-1862) was married to Varvara Mikhailovna Pushkina (1774-1854), a cousin of the poet's mother. They had five children, three of whom died in infancy. Son Ivan and daughter Masha survived.
This is interesting ... Son Ivan Sergeevich once brought Pushkin from Germany the poems of F.I. Tyutchev and in his correspondence with the latter constantly mentioned meetings with Pushkin, Vyazemsky, Zhukovsky. Through him P.Ya. Chaadaev sent in October 1836. "Philosophical Letters".
His cousins ​​Evgeny and Grigoriev Grigoryevich are also close to the poet. Especially Grigory Grigoryevich, who often visited Yasenevo. A capable draftsman, the future vice-president of the Academy of Arts, he becomes the first illustrator of the works of A.S. Pushkin.
Another cousin, Fyodor Fedorovich Gagarin, was involved in the Decembrist movement, and is known for his participation in the war of 1812, where he acted as adjutant P.I. Bagration. Pushkin and F.F. Gagarin exchanged bows in letters.
Speaking about the environment of Yasenevo and its inhabitants, one cannot fail to mention the only brother of the owner - Grigory Ivanovich, a pupil of the Noble Boarding School of Moscow University, a friend of V.A. Zhukovsky, A.I. Turgenev, a member of the literary society "Arzamas".
Sergei Ivanovich rebuilt the estate ensemble somewhat: although the outbuildings retained their architectural forms, they were supplemented with wooden mezzanines, their central parts were decorated with wooden four-column porticos to a height of two floors; a belvedere tower appeared on the manor house.

Temple. With the name of S.G. Gagarin is connected with the acquisition by the Yasenevsky temple of its present form. Initially, the stone temple consisted of one (current eastern) cuboid volume of the central aisle. It was a pillarless cubic church of centric composition with an 8-sided drum cut through by 8 windows and crowned with a dome. The next step in the history of the construction of the temple was its two-story reconstruction, carried out during the reign of Yasenev, Prince Sergei Ivanovich Gagarin. In 1832, "to the cold Church in the name of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul" a warm chapel was added in the name of the Holy Great Martyr Varvara Mikhailovna.
Photo 4

The aisle was dismantled due to a lopsided wall and fragile arches in the early 1860s during the reconstruction of the building, designed by the artist Kalugin. They were going to restore the chapel, but after the death of S.I. Gagarin, who did not live to see the completion of the work, was replaced by another chapel, in the name of Paraskeva Friday, the patroness of trade. At the same time, the bell tower was replaced by a new one, now existing, and a chapel of Sergius of Radonezh was built. Photo 5.
Among the many hobbies of the owner Yasenev, S.I. Gagarin was agriculture. Seriously and thoughtfully engaged in agronomy, he participated in the founding of the Moscow Society of Agriculture, since 1823 he has been its vice-president, since 1844 - president, since 1826 - honorary president. Yasenevo attracts S.I. Gagarin with the possibility of a wide setting of the intended experiments. Huge greenhouses and experimental fields are being laid here.
Work on the Yasenevsky fields and in the gardens was interrupted by the death of S.I. Gagarin.
The son of Sergei Ivanovich, Prince Ivan Sergeyevich Gagarin (1814-1862) left Russia in 1843. During his stay in Paris as secretary of the embassy, ​​he converted to Catholicism and joined the Jesuit order. In this regard, Ivan Sergeevich Gagarin lost the right to land in Russia, and they passed to his sister Maria Sergeevna (1815-1902), married Buturlina. The husband of Maria Sergeevna-Sergey Petrovich Buturlin, General of Infantry, a member of the Turkish and Crimean warriors, as well as the 1884 expedition to North Caucasus. His activities were associated with the Red Cross Society. He died in 1893.
Buturlins. Even before that, Maria Sergeevna put the estate in order art gallery, as far as possible attributing part of the work. But Maria Sergeevna had no interest in the fields and gardens. The successes in agriculture of the former owner of the estate came to naught.
The further development of the village of Yaseneva proceeded independently of the estate. Maria Sergeevna allocates plots of land for the needs of the church "a verst from the dwellings of the clergy."
From the petition of the clergy of the church dated August 1872, it turns out: "... at our church there is a plot of church land in the amount of 750 square sazhens, which was formerly the estate of the deacon, after the abolition of the vacancy of which remains free."
Collegiate assessor Vadim Semyonovich Raich, having bought the deacon's former house, offered to give him this land, offering to rent this piece of land for 15 silver rubles a year, which indicates the beginning of "dacha" settlement here.
Manor death. In the form in which Sergei Ivanovich Gagarin left it after perestroika, the estate existed until 1924, when it burned down along with all the furnishings that had been preserved in it by that time. "Yasenevo. This estate is no more, it left a few years before the death of Vladimir Vasilyevich (Zgura)," recalled the art critic Alexei Nikolaevich Grech (Zeleman, 1899 - not earlier than 1936), who replaced him as chairman of the Society for the Study of the Russian Estate. remember an old house with features of the Elizabethan Baroque in the bushes of blooming lilacs, a regular French park with old-timers trees. So I didn’t have to go there again to rent this amazing beautiful estate.”
The house in the Yasenevo estate in the first years of the revolution was still abandoned and devastated. It once hung portraits, according to legend, painted by Rokotov. All this has disappeared from the house. There were empty walls with peeled wallpaper. After the nationalization of Yasenev, the paintings, along with the rest of the paintings, part of the library and the patrimonial archive, were taken from the estate to Moscow by the emissary of the Museum Department of the Narkompros Vladimir Antonovich Mamurovsky (1890-1974). Along the way, he also grabbed two crates of books from the nearby Uzkoye estate. Unfortunately, the current location of the paintings and the archive from Yasenev has not been established.
In one of the rooms, scattered, torn, filthy books were piled up - French products of the 18th-early 19th centuries. The mice, the last inhabitants of the house, had gnawed off the corners and spines of the volumes. Gradually, the broken, plundered Yasenevo perished, until a fire in 1924 carried away these last remnants. Under the vaults of the basement, the vegetables of the land society of the village of Yasenevo were stored for a long time.
The ruins of the house began to be dismantled in the early 1930s - a recreation building was supposed to be built in their place. But soon this idea came to naught. True, the lower basement with the remains of a staircase survived from the house. Miraculously, the outbuildings also survived, and were later used as living quarters. They fell into complete disrepair by the start of research work in 1975. Photo 6.
At the same time, in the 1930s, the temple, which was used as a state farm warehouse, was also closed. The painting of the temple, relating to the first half of the 19th century, has not been preserved.
Restoration. When studying the historical and architectural objects of the Yasenevo estate, a lot of initial data were revealed for the restoration of the original appearance of buildings in the Baroque style and undoubtedly its advantage in the artistic aspect on the later processing in the classical spirit.
In the second half of the 1970s, according to the project of architects G.K. Ignatiev and L.A. Shitova, on the basis of the preserved foundation, a remake was built, which imitates the appearance of the house at the time of its construction, that is, in the middle of the 18th century. In accordance with this plan, the mezzanines and Empire porticos, which previously adorned the outbuildings, were demolished. Since there were not enough materials to recreate the second floor of the house, analogue manor houses in Glinka, Lopasna and other places were used. The white-stone decor was replaced by special concrete. In 1995 the building was plastered (photo 7).
Restoration work is ongoing...

Sources

Markova Lyudmila Alexandrovna, GBOU secondary school No. 794, 10

On the territory of Bitsevsky Park there are several historical estates near Moscow. One of them is the Yasenevo estate, which in the 14th century was known as a princely, then as a royal, patrimony. Subsequently, the estate belonged to the Lopukhins and Gagarins. Today it houses a research and production enterprise.

In the XVII-XVIII centuries, the estate with a ten-year break was the estate of the Lopukhins. The first owner of this kind was in 1690 Fedor Avraamovich Lopukhin, the father of the first wife of Peter the Great Evdokia. The estate was granted to him, but when Evdokia Lopukhina was exiled to a monastery, her relatives also fell out of favor - the Empress' brother Abraham Fedorovich was executed in 1718, and the estate was returned to the court for ten years. His children, in particular, the son Fedor, received the rights to the estate in 1728, already during the reign of Peter II.

The Gagarins have owned Yasenev since 1800, after Emperor Paul I presented it to his favorite, Anna Gagarina. In the 19th century, Maria Buturlina became the mistress of the estate for a long time. Her possessions near Moscow were considered one of the largest - in the village there was even a brick factory, two schools and more than a hundred yards. Until the revolution, the Yasenevo estate belonged to the heirs of Maria Sergeevna.

In the 20s of the last century, the central house in the estate burned down, which was restored only in the second half of the century. On the territory of the estate in Soviet times there was a state farm, it was planned to place restoration workshops in the buildings.

On the territory of the estate there is the Church of Peter and Paul, built back in the time of the Lopukhins - in the middle of the 18th century. The temple is known for the fact that in 1822 the parents of the future great writer Leo Tolstoy, Count Nikolai Tolstoy and Princess Maria Volkonskaya, got married in it. Nikolai Tolstoy was on friendly terms with the owner of the estate, Sergei Gagarin. The church was restored in the 70s of the last century.

Manor Yasenevo in Bitsevsky Park.

The history of the temple in Yasenevo dates back to ancient times. The first known mention of the village dates back to the 14th century. In all documents, the property is referred to as a village, which means that there was a temple in it. Thus, the history of the church and its parish has at least 7 centuries.
Tsar Alexey Mikhailovich came to his beloved Yasenevo and with a young queen Natalya Kirillovna, and with the young prince Peter Alekseevich - the future Tsar Peter I, who remembered the Yasenevsky places well from childhood.

It was with them that he awarded immediately after his marriage to Evdokia Feodorovna Lopukhina, by decree of January 11, 1690, her father - Feodor Avraamovich Lopukhin. In the first years of marriage, Tsar Peter repeatedly visited Yasenevo, where, according to legend, even in our century, an ancient oak was preserved, under which he liked to sit.
The current building of the temple was erected in 1751-1753 in the style of the so-called. "Elizabethan (late) Baroque", by its then owner F.A. Lopukhin ..

The fate of the temple is similar to many similar ones, the temple was rebuilt several times. After the revolution, in the 1930s, the temple was closed (the painting of the temple has not been preserved). In 1973-1976 it was externally restored, crosses were erected on the temple and the bell tower. In 1989, the temple with the house of the clergy were transferred to the Orthodox community. Since February 1997, the temple has been transferred to the Moscow courtyard of the Vvedensky stauropegial monastery Optina Pustyn.
Now the territory of the temple is beautifully equipped and many flowers are planted on it.

After walking around the garden, we went to the estate itself, which is now fenced.


Estate plan.

Until the end of the XVI century. and in the second half of the 17th century. fiefdom of the Moscow grand dukes and tsars, in 1690-1790. the property of the boyars, then the princes Lopukhins, then, at the very end of the 18th century, belonged to the princess A.G. Beloselskaya, and from 1801 to the princes Gagarin P.G. and A.P., from 1814 to Gagarina E.P., and from 1818 to Gagarin S.I. (I wrote about the latter here). In his estate Gagarin S.I. created an exemplary economy with fine-wool sheep breeding and gardening. Then the estate passed to his daughter - M.S. Buturlina, and in 1902 to her sons. In 1924 the main house burned down.
In the second half of the 1970s. designed by architects G.K. Ignatiev and L.A. Shitova, on the basis of the preserved foundation, a building was built that imitated the appearance that the estate had in the middle of the 18th century.

Here is what is written about the restoration of the house on the site Photographs of old Moscow "According to experts, by the 70s, only the basements and the remains of the basement suitable for scientific restoration (where there are small windows) remained from the house, everything else is improvisation ... Over the past time, the building was plastered , having painted it pink, they started and abandoned the front staircase, the carpentry in the windows is slowly rotting, the homeless unscrewed the copper drainpipes, ensuring the masonry was soaked until quite recently, when, finally, ordinary tin ones were installed. (behind the right edge of the frame) The house seems to be inhabited, the windows are lit at night, the courtyard is lit, but who is sitting there and what they are doing is unknown, also unknown ... ".
View of the main house.


Left wing of the estate.


View of the main house and the right wing.


He is with reverse side between 1920 and 1930.

In the Soviet years, the surviving wing of the estate was given over to housing. This is how it looked in 1963, when ordinary Soviet citizens lived in it.


View of the estate from the end.

The surroundings of the estate are very picturesque.

Little remains of the original park. Lime alley partially preserved behind the house

and romantic path.

And in the estate there is a pond, overgrown with mud, with flowering water lilies. It is very funny to watch how ducks make their way between mud and water lilies.

The same pond looks very picturesque in early spring.

Another attraction of the park was a wooden house, the so-called "cottage Kolontay". This area is also fenced.

But bypassing the site on the other hand, you can consider the cottage.


Although the original appearance of the dacha has been changed, nevertheless the house looks very nice.

To whom it now belongs is unknown.
Finally, it must be said that mounds and ancient Slavic settlements have been preserved in the territory of Bitsevsky Park. The photo shows a view of one of these mounds on the background of a bizarre driftwood.

Address: ave. Novoyasenevsky, 42

How to get to Yasenev: Art. Novoyasenevskaya metro station

The historical estate Yasenevo is located on the territory of Bitsevsky Park, next to the Novoyasenevskaya metro station. The village of Yasenevo has existed in the Moscow region since the 13th century. The first mention of this village is found in the spiritual charter of the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan Danilovich Kalita dated 1338. According to the will, the village of Yasinovskoye remains the youngest son of Ivan Kalita, Andrei Ivanovich. Since Yasenevo is mentioned as a village, this means that there was a church in it. By the way, even more ancient information has been preserved about the temple of the village of Yasenevo, which dates back to the beginning of the 12th century.

Thanks to picturesque views and an abundance of game, these places were very popular with Russian tsars. Until the end of the 16th century, Yasenevo was a palace village, its owners were Ivan the Terrible, Fedor Ioannovich, Boris Godunov, Mikhail Fedorovich, Alexei Mikhailovich and Peter I.

But let us return to the heir Andrei Ivanovich. He married Princess Maria Keistutovre, granddaughter of Grand Duke Gediminas of Lithuania. Their son Vladimir the Brave was a cousin, friend and associate of Prince Dmitry Donskoy. He received his nickname for his bravery and courage during the Battle of Kulikovo. Prince Vladimir spent winter time in the Kremlin, and made Yasenevo his summer residence. In his spiritual letter, Prince Vladimir Andreevich wrote Yasenevo to one of his seven sons, Vasily Peremyshlsky.

All the children of the prince had a very tragic life. All of them, including Vasily Przemyslsky, died during the plague of 1427. For some time, Yasenev was owned by the widow of Prince Vasily Ulyan, and after his death the village passed into the grand ducal department, since the princely couple had no children. In 1461, all the Moscow lands that once belonged to the family of Vladimir the Brave, according to the spiritual diploma, went to Prince Vasily the Dark. Then Yasenevo changed hands several times. Under the specific prince Andrey Staritsky, the population of Yasenev increased significantly, its lands became more extensive, and orchards appeared along the banks of the Bitsa River.

During the life of Vasily III, his brother, Andrei Staritsky, lived happily with his family, but after the death of the Grand Duke, his second wife, Elena Glinskaya, killed Staritsky by cunning. At first, she persuaded Prince Andrei to sign a letter of faithful service to the ruler. After the signing of this document, Staritsky's custodial functions over the young Tsarevich Ivan were annulled. Then the prince was imprisoned, and in 1537 he was executed.

When Ivan the Terrible came to power (1547), he exiled his uncle's widow, Efrosinya Andreevna, to the Belozersky Resurrection Goritsky Monastery. Her son Vasily exchanged Yasenevo and other Moscow lands for Vereya from Tsar. Since then, Yasenevo, surrounded by dense forests abounding with beavers, foxes, wolves and bears, has become a favorite place for royal hunting.

During the Time of Troubles, when Yasenevo still remained the royal estate, it, like other villages along the Kaluga road, was devastated and burned. The village owes its revival to Fyodor Romanov (Patriarch Filaret). He, returning from Polish captivity in 1626, ordered to lay a large wooden church in Yasenevo in the name of Faith, Hope, Love and their mother Sophia. After the death of Patriarch Filaret, Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich handed over Yasenevo to one of the patriarch's close associates, A.M. Protopopov. The village belonged to him from 1635 to 1646. Then the boyar and butler, Prince Alexei Mikhailovich Lvov, the favorite of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, the father of Peter I, became the owner of Yasenev.

According to the documents of 1646, in the village of Yasenevo there was a single-domed wooden church, as well as "a boyar yard covered with plank, a stable yard, a cattle yard and 26 draft peasant yards and Bobyl yards, 65 male souls." At that time it was a large and rich village. Apple orchards were considered the main value of Yasenev.

Lvov paid much attention to the local church. With his funds, decorations for the iconostasis, the handwritten book of the Apostles were purchased, a bell tower was built, and five bells were cast for it. Lvov had no children, and after his death, Yasenevo again returned to the Palace department, where he remained until 1690. Yasenevo was very fond of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. He came here with Tsarina Natalya Kirillovna, nee Naryshkina, and the young Peter, the future Emperor of Russia. Subsequently, Peter I, in the first years of his marriage, liked to spend time with Tsarina Evdokia Fedorovna Lopukhina under the old oak. According to legend, this ancient oak still existed even in the 20th century.

In 1674, by order of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, a new large two-story Church of the Sign began to be built in the village. A donation dated January 11, 1690 has been preserved, according to which Yasenevo complains to the boyar Fedor (Illarion) Abramovich Lopukhin, the father of Queen Evdokia. According to this testament, if the Lopukhins family is interrupted, the village must return to the palace department. Historical events developed in such a way that the Lopukhins, who were highly respected by the supporters of Tsarevich Alexei, fell out of favor with the authorities. Abram Fedorovich Lopukhin was executed in 1718 after an investigation into the case of Tsarevich Alexei. So Yasenevo again ended up in the palace department. The inventory, which was compiled during the confiscation of the estate, has been preserved. According to this document, Yasenevo was an estate of rare beauty. The description says: “A huge orchard with an area of ​​3.5 dessiatines approached the fence of the estate from two sides. with ponds… 1800 apple trees of all kinds, hundreds of plums and cherries. In the garden there is a small flower garden planted with currants on four sides. Only in 1727 was Yasenevo returned to the Lopukhins. Its owner was Fedor Abramovich Lopukhin, married to Vera Borisovna, who was the daughter of the famous Field Marshal of the time of Peter the Great B.P. Sheremetev. The Lopukhins had seven children. The rich inheritance of his wife allowed Lopukhin to create a wonderful estate and park ensemble in Yasenevo. Back in 1733, Lopukhin filed a petition for the construction of a new stone church of Peter and Paul in his estate, since the old wooden Church of the Sign was completely dilapidated and was unsuitable for holding services. But only in 1751 such permission was received. The old Church of the Sign was dismantled, and the construction of a new building began. The newly built temple was consecrated in 1753.

Descriptions of that time allow you to create a very vivid picture of the estate of that time. Behind the church was a hill surrounded by green groves and lawns. On this hill, Lopukhin began to build a beautiful stone house in the Elizabethan Baroque style. Wide main staircase led straight to the mezzanine. Outbuildings were built perpendicular to the house. The gaps between them were filled with a fence, and a regular French park with alleys, ponds, pavilions and pavilions was planned around the house. In 1757, Lopukhin died in battle, and construction was suspended. Only after the daughter of Fyodor Lopukhin got married and inherited the estate, the construction of the palace was completed.

At the beginning of the 19th century, after the young Anna Lopukhina, the favorite of Tsar Peter I, married Pyotr Gagarin, Yasenevo became the property of the young couple. At the age of 27, shortly after giving birth, Lopukhina died of consumption (1805), and Pavel Gavrilovich Gagarin settled in Yasenevo. This was facilitated by the ambiguous position of the prince in society, which developed because of the history of his marriage to Lopukhina, and his personal preferences. The prince took up writing the book “Thirteen days, or Finland”, and in 1812 Gagarin equipped 23 peasant militiamen for the war at his own expense. Yasenevo continued to be a model farm, and after the war of 1812 was estimated at 180,000 rubles.

Despite the fact that even during the life of Pavel Grigorievich Yasenevo passed to his distant relative, Prince Sergei Ivanovich Gagarin, the previous owner came to the estate until his death. In his declining years, he married the former ballerina M.I. Spiridonova. Secular society did not recognize the new princess, and the Gagarins lived in Yasenevo. Spiridonova and her daughter left the estate only after the death of her husband.

Sergei Ivanovich Gagarin was married to Varvara Mikhailovna Pushkina, a cousin of the mother of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. Of the five children of the Gagarins, only two survived - son Ivan and daughter Masha. The new owner of Yasenev, Sergei Ivanovich Gagarin, slightly rebuilt the ensemble of the estate. Wooden mezzanines were attached to the outbuildings. The central parts of the outbuildings were decorated with wooden four-column porticos to a height of two floors. The building of the main house was crowned with a belvedere. Sergei Ivanovich Gagarin also rebuilt the local church. Initially, it was a pillarless cubic church with an 8-sided drum cut through by 8 windows and a dome. In 1832, Gagarin made a two-stage reconstruction of the building. A warm chapel was added to the cold Peter and Paul Church in the name of the Holy Great Martyr Barbara - the heavenly patroness of Varvara Mikhailovna, the wife of the landowner. In the early 1860s, this chapel was dismantled due to an emergency condition, and the second stage of reconstruction began. S.I. Gagarin did not live to see the completion of construction work, and only after his death were the chapels completed in the name of Paraskeva Pyatnitsa (instead of St. Barbara) and Sergius of Radonezh.

The kinship between the Gagarins and Pushkins contributed to the fact that many friends and acquaintances of Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin often visited the estate, and the Gagarins themselves were interesting people, possessed versatile talents, and made friends with the most famous personalities of that time.

Sergei Ivanovich Gagarin was on friendly terms with Prince Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy. They also served together on the Moscow Board of Trustees, and Tolstoy often visited Yasenevo. Next to Yasenev, there was the Uzkoye estate, which belonged to P.A. Tolstoy, a relative of Nikolai Ilyich. It was in the Yasenevskaya church of Peter and Paul in 1822 that the wedding of Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy and Princess Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya, the future parents of the writer Leo Tolstoy, took place. They celebrated the wedding in the neighboring estate Znamenskoye-Sadki.

The main occupation of Sergei Ivanovich Gagarin throughout his life was agriculture. He was the founder of the Imperial Moscow Society of Agriculture, from 1823 he was its vice-president, and from 1844 - president. On his estate, he set up a model garden and fruit farm, bred fine-fleeced sheep here. The house was surrounded by thickets of lilacs, which also grew along the ponds, descending in picturesque terraces along the slope. The memories of eyewitnesses have been preserved about the estate of that time: “Perhaps, every Russian estate is associated in memory with one or another flower. Here thickets of lilacs surround in an impenetrable thicket ponds that fall in terraces, ponds bearing fragrant petals of falling flowers on their mirror surface. the trees, as if ready to fall apart under the weight of their branches and crowns, form regular alleys, diverging with geometric patterns, typically French in their park layout. so captivating after the passage of more than a century of their life.

Gagarin founded large greenhouses and fields in Yasenev, where he conducted various agricultural experiments. At that time, there were sixty households and five hundred inhabitants in Yasenevo, who satisfied the need of the local economy for labor.

After the death of Sergei Ivanovich, Yasenevo was inherited by his son Ivan. In 1843 he left Russia. In Paris, Ivan Sergeevich Gagarin served as the secretary of the embassy. There he converted to Catholicism and joined the Jesuit order. Thus, Gagarin lost the right to inherit, and in 1862 Yasenevo passed to his sister Maria, after her husband Buturlina. Maria Sergeevna streamlined the family art gallery, compiling detailed description some portraits. Subsequently, Yasenev's paintings were lost. But the new owner was not interested in agriculture, and all the achievements of her father soon came to naught.

In the future, the village developed independently of the estate. The village of Yasenevo grew rapidly. By the end of the 19th century, there were 639 inhabitants, there were men's and women's zemstvo schools, six shops and a small brick factory. From the once vast estate, only a small piece of land remained, which was called the dacha.

For the first time after the revolution of 1917, the manor house in Yasenevo stood abandoned and devastated. All valuables and furnishings were taken out, leaving only empty rooms with peeled wallpaper. The paintings and the estate archive were taken to Moscow, but later they got lost and were lost.

The manor house existed unchanged until 1924, and then burned down in a fire along with all the furnishings. In the early 1930s, the ruins of the estate began to be dismantled, leaving only the basement. It was planned to build a holiday home on this site, but it was never built. Outbuildings that were used as living quarters also survived. By 1975, when research work began in Yasenevo, the outbuildings were completely dilapidated. The local church was also closed in the 1930s. The temple building was used as a state farm warehouse. The murals of the early 19th century have not been preserved.

During the restoration work, which began in the second half of the 1970s, according to the project of architects G.K. Ignatiev and L.A. Shitova, on the basis of the old foundation, they began to erect a remake, imitating the appearance of the building, as it was at the time of construction in the middle of the 18th century. The baroque estates have practically not been preserved, and the restorers, apparently, decided to recreate another one, rejecting the second project. According to which they wanted to restore the estate the way it looked in the 19th-20th centuries.

Residents were evicted from the outbuildings, and in the course of clearing under the floor in the western outbuilding, a treasure was found. According to this plan, the mezzanine porticos in the Empire style, which decorated the outbuildings, were destroyed. The white-stone decor was imitated from concrete. In 1995, the reconstructed building was plastered. Due to the fact that not enough materials were preserved that testify to the appearance of the second floor of the building, specialists used similar buildings as an example (master's houses in Glinka, Lopasna, etc.). Some designs and decor elements were borrowed from St. Petersburg buildings.

Due to the fact that the restorers did not take into account the town-planning situation of the estate at the current moment, it was surrounded by new panel houses and an overgrown park. By that time, the local landscape had completely changed: the ravines were filled up, the tops of the hills were cut off, orchards and lilac plantations were destroyed. The new building cannot be seen because of the disorderly growth of the park, while the belvedere that existed here earlier indicated the place of the master's house.

In the late 1970s, the Peter and Paul Church was restored in Yasenevo and water tower with a flute. In 1989, the church and the house of the clergy were returned to the church, and in 1997 the church received the status of the Moscow Compound of the St. Vvedensky Stauropegial Monastery of Optina Pustyn.

Unfortunately, the restoration in Yasenevo has not been completed even now, and the manor house is still used as a warehouse for building materials of the state restoration association "RESMA".

In the old park, part of the alleys and individual old trees, including pedunculate oaks, surrounding the wooden "cottage Kollontai", which is located away from the main buildings of the estate, have been preserved. A long linden alley leading towards the forest has also been preserved. Once she rested on the gazebo. Of the chain of ponds that served as the border of Yasenev in the western part, only one remained in a more or less satisfactory form, although there are now three of them (Upper, Middle and Lower). There used to be a mill between the ponds. Now the ponds are almost stagnant, although they are equipped with collector overflows. There is a fountain in the middle of the upper pond, and on the banks of the Middle pond in 1998 the Memorial to military sailors was opened.

In 2007, when celebrations were held in honor of the 30th anniversary of the Yasenevo district, a park was opened here.

Historical reference:

13th c. - the village of Yasenevo existed in the Moscow region
1338 - the first mention of this village is found in the spiritual charter of the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan Danilovich Kalita
1461 - all Moscow lands that once belonged to the family of Vladimir the Brave, according to spiritual literacy, went to Prince Vasily the Dark
1674 - by order of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, a new large two-story Church of the Sign began to be built in the village
1690 - Yasenevo was granted to the boyar Fedor (Illarion) Abramovich Lopukhin
1733 - a petition was filed for the construction of a new stone church of Peter and Paul in his estate
1751-1753 – the construction of the church in Yasenevo was going on
1924 - the manor house burned down during a fire, along with all the furnishings
1930 - the ruins of the estate began to be dismantled, leaving only the basement
1975 - research and restoration work began in Yasenev
1995 - the reconstructed building was plastered
1989 - the church and the clergy house were returned to the church
1997 - the church received the status of the Moscow Compound of the Holy Vvedensky stauropegal monastery of Optina Pustyn
1998 - the Memorial to military sailors was opened
2007 - the park was opened