Manor pokrovskoe streshnevo how to get there. Fireplace in the Blue Room. Tritons adorn the front staircase

It is difficult to understand how such a large forest area has been preserved in the metropolis, surrounded by high-speed highways and high-rise buildings. Squirrels chirp in the canopy of centuries-old trees, wild ducks splash. After wandering along the paths, you can go to the decaying old buildings. We are with you at the Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo estate in Moscow.

Noble Nest

Once this area was called Podёlki. It was nothing particularly remarkable, like a series of its owners - an unsuccessful diplomat, governor, clerk ... Eight peasant households, a church, after which the village was later named. And who knows how his fate would have turned if in 1664 Pokrovskoye had not been bought by Rodion Mikhailovich Streshnev.

The star of Rodion shone after his relative was taken as his wife by the first tsar from the Romanov dynasty. Businesslike and energetic, Streshnev zealously served the four kings, who were replaced on the throne. He carried out responsible missions, diplomatic and military, became a boyar, he was presented with gold and furs. At the end of his career, he became the tutor of the prince, and then the infant tsar Peter, the future formidable Russian emperor.

Streshnev built a master's yard in Pokrovsky, dug ponds near the river, where they started breeding fish. For 250 years, the descendants of the boyar owned the estate, which became known as Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo.

Under General-in-Chief Pyotr Streshnev, a luxurious stone house with art gallery(see photo). The general's daughter made the house three-story, collected a rich library, and bought a telescope. Greenhouses and a zoo appeared in the estate. Above a high cliff, surrounded by a forest, an elegant house grew up, where Catherine II herself once had tea with the hostess.

Photo of the Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo estate and its environs

Later, an elite suburban village. Here Leo Tolstoy visited the house of the court physician, the doctor's daughter became his wife. Meanwhile, Princess Shakhovskaya became the mistress of the estate. With her, the estate turned into a likeness knight's castle. Towers were added to the master's house, surrounded by a red brick fence in the manner of the Kremlin. Shakhovskaya station appeared on the railway near the estate. Very convenient: the princess and her husband-general had their own saloon car for traveling "to the south". As well as a villa and a yacht on the Mediterranean Sea, a manor in the capital on Bolshaya Nikitskaya and much more.

Then its new owners came to Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo. They did not have magnificent titles, family fortunes. The estate was modestly called the "sanatorium of the Central Committee." As they say, a completely different story began ...

From the past to the present

The estate and the park were declared a protected area of ​​the capital. Some of the buildings have been refurbished. Its prospects are still vague, but even in its current form, the abandoned estate of Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo is impressive: stairs, a balcony, columns and bas-reliefs on the facade, figured walls of towers and a fence of the castle, a slender Intercession Church. Inside the building there are carved doors, family coats of arms, fireplaces, a round living room.

The exterior of the building has retained its appearance, which cannot be said about the interior:

How to get to the Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo estate? The easiest way is by subway. And from the stations "Voikovskaya", "Sokol", "Shchukinskaya" and "Tushinskaya" to the park it is not long to walk.

IN weekdays it's not crowded here. Moreover, the park is huge - almost 240 hectares. After wandering here, you can breathe in the resinous air of the taiga - spruce and pine, cedar and larch grow in the park. You won't believe it - beavers built their own dam on the river. Most likely the only one in Moscow.

People come to the estate and park "Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo" for picnics, taking a skateboard, badminton, rollerblades. Adrenaline lovers spend time at a deep ravine: they ride down its steep slopes on bicycles, in winter - on skis and sleds.

Near the Khimki River, a spring gurgles, which the locals call the Swan. Sip from it crystal clean water raise your head. At the top, near the cliff, there was once a pavilion in which the Empress drank tea! Perhaps the water for him was collected in the same place where you drink it?

IN last years Unfortunately, the parks are not very popular. However, the green spaces in Russian capital still left. For example, the park "Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo". The map of Moscow does not contain many recreational areas like this one. Most of these resources are located in and not closer to the center. So it's definitely worth visiting the Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo park at least once. How to get to it and what to see there?

Location

The park is located in the district of the same name in the north-west of Moscow. You can get to it from one of the three "Sokol", "Shchukinskaya" or "Tushinskaya". It lies between the Leningrad and Volokolamsk highways.

So, when the village was acquired by a new owner, ponds were dug on its territory, in which they began to breed fish, some household services were built, etc. Over the next 250 years, the Streshnev family equipped their family nest - a mansion, a refectory, a church were built , greenhouses.

The Glebovs appeared in the name of the estate after the great-granddaughter of Rodion Streshnev, Elizabeth, got married and took a double surname. The last owner of the estate - Evgenia Fedorovna Shakhovskaya-Glebova-Streshneva - once again rebuilt the mansion, and in this form it has been preserved to this day. After the revolution, all this land and buildings were requisitioned and turned into a sanatorium. IN different time there was a museum, a rest home and even a research institute! Now the mansion itself is abandoned, it is not being restored, only guarded.

Attractions on the territory

In addition to the mansion itself, located in the eastern part of the green massif, the Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo park is also interesting for other things. So, it is here that the spring called "Swan" is located, which is one of the few sources of pure drinking water in Moscow. It is well-maintained and popular with those living nearby. local residents.

In the clearing above the springs, you can find the remains of old buildings. Until 1942, the Elizavetino pavilion, built by one of the owners for his wife, stood here. During the war it was destroyed.

In addition, not so long ago, a dam on the Khimka River, built by beavers, was discovered on the territory. Oddly enough, it is also very popular with park visitors, because such things have long become a rarity within Moscow.

Flora and fauna

Of course, one of the most interesting attractions that Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo Natural and Historical Park possesses is its inhabitants. In fact, this is a forest, so the inhabitants here are appropriate. The flora includes more than 200 species of various plants, including those listed in the Red Book. As for animals and birds, squirrels, moles, beavers, hedgehogs, owls, as well as jays, nightingales, thrushes and many other representatives of the fauna live here. So observant visitors can discover a lot of new things by going to the Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo park. Photos of rare animals and plants taken within the boundaries of Moscow will certainly please you for a very long time. You won't regret this trip.

Routes

Few green areas in Moscow are as large as the Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo park. The map shows a huge number of paths suitable for both cyclists and those who prefer roller skates, as well as for pedestrians and mothers with strollers.

Most long route covers the entire park and passes by ponds, a ravine, a spring, so that you can see all the most interesting at one time. Those who get bored of this path go deeper into the forest and explore smaller trails, so there are plenty of options.

It is convenient for cyclists that it is easy to get to Strogino and Serebryany Bor from here, so the walk can be continued a little to the west. In addition, it is easy to go to the Moscow Canal and even look at the operation of the locks. True, it is better to do this not alone, but with an experienced guide.

Things to do?

It seems that Muscovites have long forgotten what parks are for. Of course, you can just walk along them or ride a bike or rollerblade, enjoying the clean air, the surrounding greenery and the singing of birds.

However, the Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo park is also beautiful place in order to sunbathe, play volleyball or badminton. For lovers extreme sports there is a ravine, which was chosen by cyclists. A huge number of amateur athletes train in the park, there are sections for cross-country skiing, hiking, mountaineering and many other activities. But swimming in the Ivankovsky ponds, unfortunately, is not allowed.

For those who prefer outdoor picnics, there are special covered gazebos with benches. Although it must be taken into account that there are a lot of applicants, so you may have to look for free places. Pavilions are located mainly near the pond, but they are also located in the depths of the park. There are also cafes, but it's rather strange to come to visit them in the park.

"Pokrovskoe-Streshnevo" is perfect for both ordinary and active rest. It is almost always crowded near the ponds, but if you go a little away from the paths, you can forget that the park is located within the borders of Moscow, and just listen to the silence and fall out of the crazy metropolitan rhythm of life.

There are also disadvantages, mainly they relate to infrastructure. Water and food can only be bought at the entrance from Voykovskaya. There are also no equipped and clean toilets, which becomes a serious problem if the picnic is planned for the whole day.

Parks nearby

Comparable in terms of area and resources of recreational areas within walking distance, perhaps, can not be found, except perhaps the already mentioned Serebryany Bor. From here you can get to Aleshkinsky and Timiryazevsky park, River Station with its squares, PKiO " Northern Tushino"and the well-known Skhodnensky bucket. However, for this it would be better to use transport, since hiking so long distance along busy highways can hardly be called useful.

When you drive along the Volokolamsk highway towards the region, you always pay attention to an unusual complex of buildings on the right in front of the water canal. It seems that behind the red-brick wall there is a beautiful noble estate. True, the view from the side of the highway does not look like the usual look of an old Russian estate, rather some kind of Russian-Gothic style. This is Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo - a former noble estate near Moscow with a park. The estate includes a manor house in the style of classicism, a patrimonial church of the 17th century and buildings in the pseudo-Russian style.

1. Temple of the Intercession Holy Mother of God was built in 1629. The Pokrovskoye estate was later named after the name of the church. It belonged to the noble Streshnev family, who were relatives of the Romanov dynasty. Evdokia Streshneva was the wife of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov, the mother of Alexei Mikhailovich the Quietest. Since that time, the estate began to be called Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo.

View of the wall and the church from Volokolamsk highway

2. The latest information about the state of the estate reported that the Higher School of Economics abandoned the noble estate in the Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo park. Let me remind you that at the end of 2012 the estate was transferred to the balance of the HSE. Restoration work to restore the architectural monument did not begin, the building was destroyed, access to visitors was prohibited. Perhaps now, after the estate has been withdrawn to the state treasury, restoration work will begin, after which the noble estate will be opened to the public.

3. So we decided to see what condition the estate is in now.

4. After all, there are not so many monuments of federal significance left in Moscow, while their number is steadily decreasing. So far, the fate of the Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo estate is sad. The monument is under state protection, but the state of the estate is getting worse every year.

5. Only the gates to the temple were open...

6. The church is protected by the state as an architectural monument and is integral part estate complex Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo. It was built at the beginning of the 17th century by deacon M.F. Danilov. In 1750, the owner of the estate P.I. Streshnev organized the restructuring of the church, as a result of which it acquired the features of the Baroque style. However, the planned configuration of the building remained the same. About ten years later, a three-tiered bell tower was completed. After that, the church practically did not change. appearance until the end of the 19th century, only in 1894 the church was expanded.

View of the temple from the South

7. Distinctive feature of the temple was the absence of an altar ledge on the eastern facade.

8. Mosaic frescoes of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker (left) and the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul (right) were made by craftsmen from Belarus in 2006.

Mosaic fresco of the Blessed Virgin on the western façade

9. Despite repeated reconstructions, the Church of the Intercession of the Holy Mother of God is of significant historical and architectural value as one of the few examples in Moscow and its immediate environs of a patrimonial church of the first third of the 17th century, which has an unconventional compositional solution.

10. On the territory of the temple, everything is ready for Easter.

11. You can look at the manor house only through the main gate or from the side of the park. Access to the territory is guarded by an intractable watchman, and besides, some preparatory work has begun there. I had to be satisfied with the external inspection.

12. At the beginning of the 19th century, the estate received a new name: Glebovo-Streshnevo, or Pokrovskoye-Glebovo. This is due to the double surname of the new owner of the estate, Elizaveta Streshneva-Glebova. The last owner of the estate was Evgenia Fedorovna Shakhovskaya-Glebova-Streshneva. She planned to turn the family estate into a kind of medieval castle. In 1880, according to the project of architects A.I. Rezanov and K.V. Tersky, an original ensemble of lordly services was built here, planned in the form of a horseshoe. Outbuildings were added to the front sides of the manor house, some of them in the form of stylized castle turrets, and a superstructure was made over the old house in the form of a battlemented wooden tower painted like brick.

13. So it turns out that the manor house has changed significantly over time appearance depending on the taste and preferences of the owners.

Manor Pokrovskoe-Streshnevo. 1766 Front of the main house. Photo from the book: N.Ya. Tikhomirov / Architecture estates near Moscow, M.-Gos. Ed. literature on construction and architecture.

Facade of a house on a postcard from the 1920s. Photo http://oiru.archeologia.ru/history25.htm

15. But if we mentally discard the later extensions and superstructures, we will see the still preserved features of an ordinary two-story "lordly" house near Moscow, late 18th - early 19th centuries.

Photo from the Internet

16. In 1889-1890, according to the project of architects F.N. Kolbe and A.P. Popov, a powerful stone fence with red brick towers in the pseudo-Russian style was erected around the estate.

17. In the post-revolutionary period, the estate, together with the dachas, passed into state ownership and was turned into a sanatorium of the Central Committee, and then passed into the jurisdiction of the rest home of textile workers. In 1925, a museum was organized on the estate, which was soon ruined and completely destroyed. In 1933, a rest home for military pilots was arranged in the estate, in wartime there was a hospital, since 1970 there was a research institute civil aviation.

18. In the 80s, when the estate belonged to Aeroflot, restoration work began and the estate was returned to its original appearance of the beginning of the 19th century. The corner tower of the fence and the arched part of the wall with the front gate were restored. In the spring of 1992, a fire broke out in the palace, destroying the attic floor and seriously damaging the state rooms on the second floor. The restoration of the palace began, already in the mid-90s the volume of the main house was restored and interior finishing work began, but was interrupted. Since then, the palace has been virtually abandoned. In 2003, the Aeroflot company sold the palace into private hands, in 2012, by court order, it was returned to the state and transferred to the operational management of the Higher School of Economics.

19. We managed to shoot the park facade of the house in more or less detail.

20. This facade has a shallow straight balcony with columns (loggia) and decorations on the walls and at the windows.

33. And now the estate is again in the hands of the state ...

34. Behind the gates old manor- urban landscape of the XXI century.

35. Pretty big park Pokrovskoe-Streshnevo certainly deserves a longer walk.

36. At the Volokolamskoye highway overpass, above the railway tracks, there is a platform and the Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo station. In 1901, the Moscow-Vindava (now Riga) Railway, and a railway platform was opened in front of the estate.

37. In 1908, the architect Brzhozovsky, the author of the project of the Moscow-Vindava railway, built the station building with a wooden passenger pavilion, made in the northern modern style. The stone building of the station has been preserved on the slope from the side of Krasnogorsk proezds, and the wooden pavilion burned down in 1984.

38. This is how these buildings looked at the very beginning. Will there be a revival?

The building of the station Pokrovskoe-Streshnevo. Beginning of XX century. Photo

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It includes a manor house in the style of classicism, a patrimonial temple of the 17th century and buildings in the pseudo-Russian style.

Early history: "Podёlki, Pokrovskoe identity"

In the Middle Ages, on the site of the current Pokrovsky, there was the village of Podjolki - its name shows the nature of the forest that existed at the time the village was founded. The area, like neighboring Tushino, from the XIV century. belonged to the boyar Rodion Nestorovich and his descendants, the Tushins, from whom, at the end of the reign of Ivan the Terrible, it was bought by the deacon E. I. Blagovo.

By this time, the village was deserted, as evidenced by cadastral books for 1584-1585, in which the current Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo is mentioned for the first time:

For Elizar for Ivanov's son Blagovo in the estate, which was the same for Stepan and for Fedor for the Tushins: the village of Onosina<Иваньково>on the Khinky River ... The path that was the village of Podyolki ... And just beyond Elizar in the estate there are 2 villages of living and wasteland, and in them the yard of estates, and the yard of business people.

In 1608, False Dmitry II set up his camp in these parts. Among his associates was the new owner of the wasteland, Andrei Fedorovich Palitsyn. He soon went over to the side of the legitimate authorities, advanced in the service, became governor in Murom, and in 1622 sold Podyolki to the clerk Mikhail Danilovich Fefilatiev.

Under Danilov, a village with the same name reappeared on the site of the wasteland. Already in 1629, a stone

"The newly arrived Church of the Intercession of the Holy Mother of God, and within the limits of the Miracle of the Archangel Michael, and Alexei the Wonderworker, in the estate of the discharge clerk Mikhail Danilov in the village of Pokrovsky - Podyolki", so that the village, apparently, from that moment began to bear a double name. The census book of 1646 notes “behind the duma clerk, behind Mikhail Danilov, the son of Fefilatiev, the village of Pokrovskoye, Podyolki, too, and in it the church of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos is stone, and near the church in the courtyard is priest Simeon, and a cell of a mallow, and 8 peasant yards, there are 26 people in them”.

Manor under the first Streshnevs

After the death of the clerk, the estate was briefly owned by F.K. Elizarov, who in 1664 sold Pokrovskoye to Rodion Matveyevich Streshnev, the owner of neighboring Ivankovo. Since that time, the estate has belonged to the Streshnev family for almost 250 years. This clan was considered ignoble until 1626, when Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich married Streshneva Evdokia. From this marriage there were 10 children, including the future Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.

Since then, the family has advanced and occupied a prominent place in the court hierarchy.

R. M. Streshnev served the first four tsars from the Romanov dynasty and from the end of the 1670s. was an educator ("uncle") of Tsarevich Peter Alekseevich (Peter I), took part in his wedding to the kingdom. After the purchase of Pokrovsky, R. M. Streshnev did not particularly rebuild the village: he simply put up a “boyar yard”, and several economic services. In 1678, the village had “9 people of bonded people, 10 families of workers, there are 30 people in them, a clerk’s yard, a peasant’s yard, there are 7 people in it, and a Bobyl’s yard, there are 3 people in it”.

In 1685, he ordered to dig ponds in the upper reaches of the Chernushka River (a tributary of the Khimka, now mostly enclosed in a pipe) and breed fish in them.

After the death of Rodion Mikhailovich in 1687, the estate passes to his son Ivan Rodionovich. Under him in 1704, in the village of Pokrovskoye, there were: a yard of estates, in it a clerk and a groom, a cattle yard, in it 4 people, and 9 peasant yards, in them 34 people.

Manor under P. I. Streshnev

After the death of Ivan Rodionovich (1738), his rich inheritance is divided among his sons, and Pokrovskoye goes to General-in-Chief Peter Ivanovich Streshnev (d. 1771). Under him, the family estate begins to expand and change in the spirit of the times, especially after the Manifesto on the Liberty of the Nobility (1762), upon the publication of which Streshnev immediately retired.

In the 1750s the church is rebuilt in the Baroque style, to which the refectory is attached; in 1766, a stone manor house in the Elizabethan Baroque style was erected with a suite of 10 front rooms and a collection of paintings from more than 130 paintings (including 25 generic ones), however, according to experts, they were of rather mediocre quality. By the end of the century, the number of paintings in the collection exceeded 300. It was a noble nest in all its splendor.

Manor under E. P. Glebova-Streshneva

Pyotr Ivanovich's joy was his daughter Elizabeth, whom he spoiled so much in childhood that he raised an unbridled tyrant out of her. However, although the father fulfilled all the whims of his daughter, he opposed her desire to marry a widower with a child, Fedor Ivanovich Glebov. A year after the death of her father, Elizaveta Streshneva married Glebov, explaining this as follows: “I have never been in love with him, but I realized that this is the only person over whom I can rule, while respecting him”. When, in 1803, after the death of her cousin Glebova, the male line of the surname ceased, she obtained from Alexander I the right to be called Glebov-Streshnev with all her offspring.

A verst from the estate, on the banks of the Khimka, F. I. Glebov built an elegant two-story bathroom house, called "Elizavetino", as a gift to his wife. It was distinguished by good proportions and exquisite exterior decoration. Elizavetino was destroyed by a German bomb in 1942.

Next to the bathroom house was a menagerie. According to the inventory of 1805, it contained deer - 21, rams - 13, goats - 9, rare birds- 109, including Chinese, Persian geese, goose, swans.

In 1775, Pokrovskoe-Streshnevo was visited by Catherine II, who was in Moscow at the celebrations on the occasion of the conclusion of the Kuchuk-Kainarji peace.

Fyodor Ivanovich died in 1799. Instead of the old house in 1803-06. a new three-story building was built in the Empire style, to which a garden with ponds adjoined, six greenhouses appeared. Elizaveta Petrovna continues to diligently keep family portraits and relics. The relationship of the Streshnevs with the queen became a tribal cult. In the main manor house, on the walls of the front rooms, the coats of arms of the Streshnevs and Glebovs in the most diverse designs hung. Elizaveta Petrovna ruled her estate imperiously and arbitrarily. In society, she was known as an educated woman, so there was good library, modern technical innovations such as a telescope and a microscope were acquired. She was well acquainted with N.M. Karamzin, whom she provided Elizavetino to work on the pages of the History of the Russian State. In his book “Old Estates: Essays on the History of Russian Noble Culture”, one of the most famous art historians of the early 20th century, Baron N. N. Wrangel, writes about “Pokrovsky-Streshnev”:

It is as if you see behind a high facade in narrow windows overgrown with ivy, the pale images of Elizaveta Petrovna Glebova-Streshneva, her son Peter, niece Lisa Shcherbatova, the old, old serf Darya Ivanovna Repina, who died at ninety-eight years old in November 1905. Good blue, "the color of sugar paper", a living room in big house finished a l'antique in the Pompeian style, with beautiful white wood furniture from the end of the 18th century.

Then you walk through the garden with endless straight roads, bordered by hundred-year-old trees, you walk for a long time to the Bath House, the entrance to which is guarded by a small marble Cupid. The house stands over a gigantic cliff, overgrown with dense forest, which seems to be small shrubs stretching into the distance. This charming toy was built by the husband of Elizaveta Petrovna Streshneva as a surprise for his wife. The house is full of fine English engravings, good old copies of family portraits. And at every step, in every room, it seems as if the shadows of those who lived here are wandering. In the red small living room one can see the inscription:

“On July 16, 1775, Empress Catherine the Great deigned to visit Elizavetino and have tea with her owner, Elizabeth Petrovna Glebova-Streshneva.”

country life

At the beginning of the 19th century, on the opposite side of the estate from Vsekhsvyatsky to Tushino (that is, the current Volokolamsk Highway), a settlement of 22 elite dachas appeared - "houses for summer housing with all their belongings." Dachas in Pokrovsky were very expensive, and there was a barrier at the entrance to the village. In 1807, N. M. Karamzin lived here, who worked here on the "History of the Russian State". Here in 1856, L. N. Tolstoy often visited the dacha, which was rented from year to year by the family of the court doctor A. E. Bers. Here he first met the Bersov's twelve-year-old daughter Sonechka, who was born at this dacha, and after 6 years of acquaintance she became his wife. Tolstoy stayed in a room for visitors on the first floor, and on the second floor there were children with a nanny and servants. According to the memoirs of the third daughter of the Berses, Tatyana, from their window a “cheerful, picturesque view of a pond with an island and a church with green domes” opened up. And here is how Sonya Bers recalls the dacha: “... What wonderful evenings and nights were then. As now, I see that clearing, all illuminated by the moon, and the reflection of the moon in the nearest pond. “What crazy nights,” Lev Nikolayevich often said, sitting with us on the balcony or walking around the dacha with us. Subsequently, this dacha was rented by the historian S. M. Solovyov, and his son V.S. Solovyov left a story about life in these places. The dacha was demolished during the life of S.A. Tolstaya.

Summer residents here were many entrepreneurs and rich people of free professions; among them is the brother of the famous doctor S.P. Botkin, P.P. Botkin, who rebuilt the Church of the Intercession with his own money.

New heyday of the estate under E. F. Shakhovskaya

After the death of E. P. Glebova-Streshneva in 1837, the estate passed to Colonel E. P. Glebov-Streshnev, and then, in 1864, to his niece Evgenia Fedorovna Brevern, who married Prince M. V. Shakhovsky and, in view of the suppression of the male line of the Glebov-Streshnevs, who received (together with her husband) the triple surname Shakhovskaya-Glebova-Streshneva. At this time, Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo was increasingly called Pokrovskoye-Glebovo, since the Glebovs were in the first place in the names of family members.

In 1852, in the village of Pokrovskoye, there were 10 households, where 40 male and 42 female souls lived, a church and a master's house with 10 courtyard people. 30 years later - 15 households, in which 263 people lived, two shops, 22 dachas, and not only masters, but also peasants.

Evgenia Fedorovna Shakhovskaya-Glebova-Streshneva, who turned out to be the last owner of the estate, decided to turn the family estate into a kind of fairy-tale medieval castle. In 1880, according to the project of the architects A. I. Rezanov and K. V. Tersky invited by her, an original ensemble of lordly services was built here, planned in the form of a horseshoe.

Outbuildings were added to the front sides of the manor house, some of them in the form of stylized castle turrets, and a superstructure was made over the old house in the form of a battlemented wooden tower painted like brick. In 1889-1890, according to the project of the architect F.N. Kolbe and A.P. Popov, a powerful stone fence with red brick towers in the pseudo-Russian style was erected around the estate, and subsequently rebuilt and old temple Cover. Many guests came, especially in summer. Evgenia Fedorovna was very rich. She owned a villa in Italy, a yacht in the Mediterranean, and a railway carriage to travel south. However most spent time at her family estate.

In 1901, the Moscow-Vindava (now Riga) railway was built, and a railway platform was opened in front of the estate. In 1908, a stone station building of original architecture was built according to the project of the architect Brzhozovsky.

The princess, as the diagram from her archive shows, divided the estate into three zones: 1) the surroundings of the house with a regular park and greenhouses and paths in Elizavetino - for the personal use of the family and specially invited guests: “Let them walk only by special order, without tickets. Do not allow riding or in carriages. 2) "Carlsbad", that is, the area above Khimka and behind the Ivankovskaya road. Here it was allowed to walk on tickets, fish in the river, and go boating. The borders of "Carlsbad" were highlighted with a sheared spruce fence. 3) East End park from the road to Nikolskoye to the border with the lands of the village of Vsekhsvyatsky and with Koptevsky settlements. Here it was also allowed to pick mushrooms and walk on the grass with tickets. S. A. Tolstaya in a letter to her husband in 1897 complained: “In Pokrovsky, it is very sad that the anger of the hostess is visible everywhere: everything is fenced with barbed wire, evil watchmen are everywhere, and you can only walk along dusty, big roads”.

Dacha life at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries

Pokrovskoe continued to be popular summer cottage. At the beginning of the XX century. dachas were rented at a price of 100 to 2000 rubles per season and were so popular that in summer season 1908 between Pokrovsky and Petrovsky-Razumovsky was arranged bus service(along the Petersburg highway).

At the end of the 19th century, dachas appeared at the other end of the current Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo park, on the site of a former menagerie - in the Ivankovsky forest near the village of Ivankovo, in hilly terrain over Khimka, which the owner herself called "Karlsbad" (probably because of the spring). They were chosen by the actors of the Art Theater, one of the first was the theater decorator Viktor Andreyevich Simov, who built an original dacha-workshop. Simov also built dachas for his colleagues, for example, the Grekovka dacha (1890s), Vasily Luzhsky's Chaika dacha (1904) that has survived to this day, and the dacha of the millionaire Vladimir Nosenkov, which Simov built in 1909 in co-authorship with one of the Vesnin brothers, Leonid Aleksandrovich, later known as an avant-garde artist. Among other things, Aleksey Nikolaevich Tolstoy lived at his dacha in Ivankovo; his story "The Tempest" is marked in the manuscript: "June 10, 1915 Ivankovo". In Ivankovo ​​in 1912, Marina Tsvetaeva and Sergei Efron rented a dacha.

The reference book of 1912 notes the possessions of: Simov, Nosenkov, S. Umansky, as well as the estate of the owner of the Trekhgornaya manufactory N. I. Prokhorov.

Manor after the revolution

After the revolution, the estate, together with the dachas, was requisitioned and turned into a sanatorium of the Central Committee, then transferred to the textile workers' rest home. In 1925, it became the set of the film "Bear's Wedding". In 1921, a museum was opened in the main house, in which the atmosphere of the former manor was recreated, but it did not last long. In 1928 the museum was closed and ruined. In 1933, a rest home for military pilots was arranged in the estate, in wartime there was a hospital. Since 1970, there was a research institute of civil aviation. In the 1980s, it belonged to the Aeroflot company, and in connection with plans to build a reception center for civil aviation here, studies of the estate and restoration work began, as part of which the distortions of the old part of the main house that arose during its restructuring of the late 19th - early 20th centuries were eliminated, under Princess E.F. Shakhovskaya-Glebova-Streshneva, the original appearance of the beginning of the 19th century was returned to her. In addition, the corner tower of the fence and the arched part of the wall with the front gate were restored. In the spring of 1992, a serious fire broke out in the palace, destroying the attic floor and seriously damaging the state rooms on the second floor. The restoration of the palace began, already in the mid-90s the volume of the main house was restored and interior finishing work began, but were interrupted and since then the palace has actually been abandoned and dilapidated.

In the post-revolutionary years, there was a children's sanatorium in the Elizavetino pavilion, but during the years of the Great Patriotic War during one of the air raids, the main part of the house was destroyed by an air bomb, later the wing was demolished and used as housing. The site of the pavilion is still visible on the edge of the park above the mouth of the Elizabethan ravine.

Dachas in Ivankovo ​​remained a sanatorium of the Central Committee, then of the Moscow City Party Committee, which received the name "Seagull" after Luzhsky's dacha (since 1991 - a boarding house of the Moscow Mayor's Office). In 1920 Lenin visited Inessa Armand here. Alexei Tolstoy continued to rest in Ivankovo. M. A. Bulgakov wrote in his diary on September 2, 1923: “Today I went with Kataev to the dacha of Alexei Tolstoy (Ivankovo). He was very nice today."

Homestead today

In 1979, in accordance with the historical and architectural plan of Moscow, the entire Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo (Pokrovskoye-Glebovo) area was declared a protected area. After a fire in 1992, the restoration of the buildings of the manor's estate began. The lost volume of the palace was restored. Approximately half of the restoration work has been completed, including in the ceremonial halls of the second floor.

A large part of the red-brick fence was restored, the Church of the Intercession was restored. Its strict white silhouette behind the front cast-iron gates successfully fits into the break in the walls of the stone fence overlooking the Volokolamsk highway. The greenhouses have been restored. Nevertheless, at some point, due to a change in ownership, the work was interrupted, and the palace and buildings were abandoned. The greenhouse was again devastated and desecrated, in May 2012 an auxiliary house burned down, which is not of historical interest.

In 2003, the estate was sold by Aeroflot to CJSC Stroyarsenal. The transaction was declared illegal by the court. On this moment the estate is in a terrible state... At the end of 2012, the estate was transferred to the balance sheet of the Higher School of Economics, but work on its restoration did not begin, as a judicial arrest was imposed on the disputed property. Four years later, in 2016, the Higher School of Economics abandoned its use. In fact, since 1981, for three and a half decades, unique homestead within the capital is in an ownerless, unexploited state.

Photo gallery

Helpful information

Pokrovskoe-Streshnevo
Other names are Pokrovskoe-Glebovo and Glebovo-Streshnevo.

Cost of visiting

for free

Opening hours

Address and contacts

Moscow, Volokolamskoe sh., 52

How to get there

On foot

From Schukinskaya metro station on foot 900 m, from Voikovskaya metro station 1.4 km (20 min.).

public transport

By tram number 6 from the Voykovskaya metro station.

From the Sokol metro station, by trolleybuses No. 12,70,82 to the stop. "Pokrovskoe-Glebovo".

Railway

Railway platform Pokrovskoe-Streshnevo (Rizhskoe direction).

You can get to the Pokroveskoe-Streshnevo-Glebovo park as follows: from the station. metro station "Voykovskaya" by trolleybus number 6 or 43 to the stop "Cinema and concert hall "Swan", then walk 5 minutes.

Manor in cinema

• In 1925, the film "Bear Wedding" was filmed in the estate. The picture well conveys the appearance of the estate at a time when there were Gothic superstructures over central part palace
• In 1962, the gates of the estate were featured in the movie Seven Nannies.
• In the autumn of 2012, some scenes of the mini-series "Love for Love" were filmed in the estate.

Forest Park Pokrovskoe-Streshnevo

See also: Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo (forest park)

At present, the Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo forest park is a rather large natural massif in area and one of the largest along with Serebryany Bor recreational areas of the North-West of Moscow. TO manor house With north side a regular linden park adjoins, quite old trees have been preserved. The central part of the park has an irregular layout, pines, maples, larches, lindens, oaks, birches, elms grow in it, there are cedar, spruce, apple, mountain ash.

A favorite place for recreation of local residents are the ponds located in the eastern part of the park. Around big pond located beach area, where medium-sized trees with a spherical crown are clearly visible. This is one of the decorative forms of willow.

The northern and northwestern parts of the park were created relatively recently on the basis of the originally existing mixed forest. The layout is based on a system of alleys and paths, between which there are trees and shrubs.

Northwestern natural boundary The park is served by the Khimka River, near which is the Tsarevna-Swan spring, the only clean source of drinking water in Moscow as of 2009. The spring is landscaped, has several water pipes, from which residents of neighboring and remote areas like to collect clean drinking water.

Above the springs, above the cliff, a clearing is noticeable, on the site of which until 1942 there was the Elizavetino pavilion, built by F. I. Glebov for his wife Elizaveta Petrovna (destroyed by a Nazi bomb)

Squirrels, voles, beavers, muskrat, rats, numerous species of birds live in the park - ducks, nightingales, woodpeckers, nuthatches, finches, warblers, buntings, tits, jays, robins, blackbirds.

The Pokrovskoye-Glebovo-Streshnevo estate is located on the site of the Podyolka wasteland, which was first mentioned in the cadastral books of 1585. At that time, Elizar Ivanovich Blagovo, a prominent figure in the second half of the 16th century, owned it. The wasteland most likely owes its name to the prevailing in this area spruce forests. At the beginning of the 17th century, A.F. became the owner of the wasteland. Palitsyn, who joined False Dmitry II, but then went over to the side of the legitimate authorities. In 1622, he sold the wasteland to the clerk Mikhail Feofilatievich Danilov, who was building a village here. In 1629, a stone "newly arrived Church of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos, and in the aisles of the Miracle of the Archangel Michael and Alexei the Wonderworker" was erected in the village. Since that time, the history of the village of Pokrovskoye begins. According to the census book of 1646, there are 8 peasant households in it (according to other sources, at first the Church of the Intercession was wooden, the stone church was built later, in 1646). After the death of clerk Danilov, the estate was owned by F.K. Elizarov. In 1664 he sold Pokrovskoe-Podelki to Rodion Matveyevich Streshnev. At this time, there were already 220 households in the village. The Streshnevs owned the estate for 250 years. This clan was not noble until 1626, when Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov married Evdokia Lukyanovna Streshneva. From this marriage there were 10 children, including the future Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.

Since then, the family has advanced and occupied a prominent place in the court hierarchy. One of the owners of Pokrovsky, Elizaveta Petrovna Streshneva, married Fyodor Ivanovich Glebov and in 1803 obtained permission for her family to be called a double surname: Streshnevs-Glebovs. After that, the village of Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo received another name - Pokrovskoye-Glebovo. At the beginning of the 19th century, "houses for summer housing with all their accessories" were rented out in the vicinity of Pokrovsky. Dachas in Pokrovsky have always been considered fashionable and very expensive. In 1807, N.M. Karamzin lived here, who worked on the "History of the Russian State". In 1856, Pokrovskoe-Streshnevo was visited by L. N. Tolstoy, who visited Lyubov Bers there.

Subsequently, he married one of her daughters - Sofya Andreevna. Church of the Intercession - the most ancient building in this district. Built at the beginning of the 17th century, it was rebuilt many times, reflecting the dominant architectural trends of different times with its appearance. In the middle of the 18th century, it was given magnificent features of the Baroque style and a refectory was added. And since 1822, the temple stood, rebuilt in the Empire style. In 1896 it acquired eclectic forms. The bell tower was built in the 1770s. The church fence with the front entrance and corner towers was built at the end of the 18th century. After the revolution of 1917, a museum was organized in the estate. In the 1930s, the museum and the church were closed, the bell tower of the church was partially destroyed. Divine services in the Church of the Intercession were resumed in 1994.

An object cultural heritage federal significance.