The capital of the Sakhalin region: general information, history and interesting facts

Facts and photos about Sakhalin or why there are three rails in the railway tracks on Sakhalin ...

Sakhalin is the most big Island in Russia. When Sakhalin belonged to Japan, the island was called "Karafuto", which was used as the Japanese designation for the whole of Sakhalin. Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk was founded in the 19th century as a convict settlement of Vladimirovka. During the Japanese occupation, the city was called Toyohara, which literally means "rich, fertile valley" in Japanese.

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Vladimirovka district private sector. 2008

The length of the island is 948 km. If you look at the map of Russia, you can see the fish in the outline of Sakhalin. At the same time, the Sakhalin Region is the only island region in Russia.

About 5% of the island's population are Koreans. The inhabitants of Korea were brought to Sakhalin by the Japanese during the Karafuto period for forced labor. During the war years, the Koreans prepared the island's infrastructure for war. By the end of the war, 47 thousand people of Korean nationality remained on Sakhalin.

Indigenous people Sakhalin - Nivkhs, Uilta (Oroks), Evenks, Nanais. Their number is about 1% of people.

Two cultures closely coexist on Sakhalin - Russian and Japanese. In Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk and in other cities and parts of the island, you can see ancient Japanese buildings, monuments and monuments.

Museum of Local Lore Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. The Sakhalin Regional Museum of Local Lore was founded in 1896. In 1947, the exposition moved to the building of the former Japanese governorship of Karafuto, built in 1937 in the Japanese style. The museum introduces the history of Sakhalin and Kuril Islands from ancient times to the present day. The exhibition presents archaeological, ethnographic, historical, paleontological, geological, botanical, zoological collections.

Many buildings and companies in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk stately begin or include the word Dom in their name: House of Trade, House of Life, House of Government, House of Culture of Railway Workers and various trading houses.

Sakhalin people call the rest of Russia - the mainland, and almost any mountain - a hill.

On Sakhalin, the writer Anton Pavlovich Chekhov is very much loved and revered, who visited the island in 1890 Sakhalin and, following the results of his trip, wrote the book Sakhalin Island. Streets, cultural institutions are named in honor of the writer, monuments and sculptures are erected, various festivals and events are organized

Also, Sakhalin long time it was considered a peninsula, although some scholars disagreed.

Captain Nevelskoy was able to prove the fallacy of this opinion by sailing on a ship between the mainland and Sakhalin. Perhaps, initially, such confusion occurred because the strait freezes over in winter.

Then, in honor of the captain, the strait separating the island and the mainland was named after him.

Sakhalin is inhabited by about 100 species of animals and plants listed in the federal Red Book.

Fishing in Sakhalin... Sakhalin is a paradise for anglers. Huge taimen live in the waters. Char, pink salmon, sim, coho salmon, kunja and many others enter them. But whoever "plunged" into the unique atmosphere of fishing for Sakhalin smelt at least once in his life will be drawn to Sakhalin again and again! About smelt, perhaps it is worth talking separately. Here it is necessary to clarify that the Sakhalin smelt differs, for example, from its "sister" - the Baltic smelt. If in the Baltic it is small, then in the Sea of ​​Okhotsk it is close in size to the Norwegian herring. Some of its specimens reach a length of 35 cm or more. Here it is called catfish smelt. It is good fried, in the ear, but when dried, its taste qualities exceed the most refined expectations. Dried smelt is something!

Sakhalin residents spend their weekends in nature, and in winter on the most popular ski resort"Mountain air"

At present, railway tracks on Sakhalin are being transferred from the so-called "Cape" gauge, 1067 mm wide, to the Russian gauge adopted in ALL of Russia, the width of which is 1520 mm. The Cape Gauge is used mainly in South and Central Africa. Hence its name. On this island, the railway lines with the Cape gauge were left over from Japan, which owned southern part Sakhalin from 1905 to 1945. The alteration of the track has been going on since 2004. And it will last until 2016-2020. Not to interrupt work railway, the old rails are left, and a three-thread path is obtained.

At all times, fish, caviar and seafood were considered true Sakhalin souvenirs. Nothing has changed, if you want to bring a Sakhalin gift from Sakhalin, then you can’t imagine a better one.

Also, what Sakhalin residents begin to miss far from their homeland is Korean (did you forget about the percentage of Koreans mentioned earlier?) pickled vegetables kimchi (on the island it is often called "chimcha"), various fern dishes ... You can say Korean cuisine forms the basis of the gastronomic culture of the island.

"Well, what can I say about Sakhalin? The weather is normal on the island. The surf salted my vest And I live at the very sunrise" ... (C)

Anton, OG2K is currently active from Sakhalin Island, IOTA AS - 018, as RA/OG2K.
He operates on the HF bands.
QSL via home call, OQRS.
Address for QSL direct:
Anton Teterin, Vasamankatu 8 B, SAVONLINNA 57200, Finland.

Unusual and mysterious Sakhalin

Sakhalin is located east coast Asia. He is part of Sakhalin region. This largest island Russia. It is washed by two seas - the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and the Sea of ​​Japan. The Tatar Strait separates the island from mainland Asia, and the La Perouse Strait from Hokkaido. The area of ​​Sakhalin is 76,600 km2. It is home to about 493 million people. The climate of Sakhalin is temperate monsoon. In winter, the thermometer drops to -24C, and in summer it reaches +19C. The main industries are gas and oil extraction. They are engaged in fishing and fish processing. Transport system the islands are quite developed. Here is a good railway network, but asphalt pavement is present only in the southern part of the island. Sakhalin is rich in many Natural resources. There are large reserves of hydrocarbons and coal, oil, timber, gold, platinum, germanium, chromium, talc and zeolites.

This extraordinary nature

special attention deserves vegetable world islands. There are over 40 species of trees, 10 species of vines and over 80 species of shrubs. It is very interesting that gigantism of many plants is observed here. Sakhalin can compete with the most exotic countries because there are so many unusual and interesting things here! Some herbs reach the size of shrubs. They are characterized by intensive growth throughout the summer by the end of the season form whole thickets. Sakhalin is of particular interest to breeders who dream of new plant species. The island is home to orange and tiger lilies, Ivan tea, toadflax, Sakhalin peonies and other flowers. Among the animal world, it is worth highlighting the predominance of reindeer, brown bears, over 130 species of birds and Sakhalin sable. Toothed and baleen whales enter the waters of the region. The animal and plant world has been preserved in its original form. 303 plant species are listed in the Red Book.

Sakhalin island. Author of the photo - Olga Baturina.

These places are impossible to forget

There are many attractions in Sakhalin, but they deserve special attention natural objects. Among them are Mount Vaida and its unusual cave with stalactites and stalagmites. The pride of the island are healing mud And mineral springs so here you can not only relax, but also improve your health. The most famous source is Sinegorsk. It is ideal for the treatment of radiation sickness and diseases of the hematopoietic organs. Here are several thermal springs. They can be called real wonders of nature. They are presented in the form of picturesque reservoirs located against the backdrop of an amazing landscape. The main museums are located in the capital. The Museum of Local Lore deserves special attention, demonstrating stories about indigenous people, different types plants and animals. Here you can learn about the history of the settlement of the island and the war with Japan. In the center of the city is the Sakhalin Regional Museum, which offers to enjoy the view of the most various expositions and visit the cultural events that take place in the building. The Museum of Railway Engineering and the Literary and Art Museum named after A.P. Chekhov. The capital of Sakhalin is home to many parks and memorial Complex with an eternal flame built in honor of the fallen soldiers. The city park of culture is complemented by lush flower beds, a children's railway, a tennis court and the Cosmos stadium. Resurrection is concentrated here Cathedral. Among the others natural monuments It is worth noting the rocky arches of Cape Velikan, the inaccessible Cape Aniva, the Three Brothers rocks, the Devil's Bridge and Mount Spamberg.

Sakhalin island. Author of the photo - Miriam Elder.

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk was founded in the 19th century and was used as a hard labor settlement, called Vladimirovka. During the Japanese occupation locality It was named Toyohara, which means “fruitful valley”.
On the map, Sakhalin looks like a fish.
Sakhalin was hard labor and a place of exile for 40 years.
The island is a combination of two cultures - Russian and Japanese. There are many Japanese-style buildings, monuments and monuments here.
The best means of transportation around the island is an off-road vehicle.
There are no wolves on the island at all.
You can get to Sakhalin only by air or by ferry. But a plane ticket costs up to 100,000 rubles.
Residents of Sakhalin remember and honor Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. He wrote a book of the same name. Streets and many cultural institutions are named after him.
Despite the developed fishing industry, caviar and fish are much more expensive than in Moscow. locals they call the island the mainland, but the mountains - the hill.

Mysteries of Sakhalin

Sakhalin, or the island-fish, always follows the star Sirius. The island was originally inhabited by the Ainu. They considered themselves the descendants of the great gods who flew from this star. Today, there are very few representatives of the Ainu left on Sakhalin (about 1% of total population). The tops of the Frog and Altar mountains are always directed towards the two stars of Sirius. In ancient times, they were used as a place for ritual ceremonies. On the top of the Frog mountain people come unexplained phenomena. Many tourists see the approaching eye. According to researchers, these places are characterized by a large accumulation of energy. Near the village of Sokolo, the ruins of an ancient observatory of the Ainu have been preserved, who have always strived to study the Universe and the star Sirius. Surprisingly, the Ainu have always maintained that Sirius has 2 suns and is a double star. Modern scientists were able to prove this only in the 19th century. The Ainu observatory has much in common with Egyptian pyramids.

Sakhalin - a nice place which has its secrets.

1. Sakhalin is the largest island in Russia. When Sakhalin belonged to Japan, the island was called "Karafuto", which was used as the Japanese designation for the whole of Sakhalin. Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk was founded in the 19th century as a convict settlement of Vladimirovka. During the Japanese occupation, the city was called Toyohara, which literally means “rich, fertile valley” in Japanese.
2. The length of the island is 948 km. If you look at the map of Russia, you can see the fish in the outline of Sakhalin. At the same time, the Sakhalin Region is the only island region in Russia.
3. 5% of the population of the island are Koreans, which is about 30,000 people. The inhabitants of Korea were brought to Sakhalin by the Japanese during the Karafuto period for forced labor. During the war years, the Koreans prepared the island's infrastructure for war. By the end of the war, 47 thousand people of Korean nationality remained on Sakhalin.
4. The indigenous population of the island is the Nivkhs and Ainu, who are now about 1% on Sakhalin.
5. Sakhalin was hard labor and a place for exile for about 40 years.
6. Two cultures closely coexist on Sakhalin - Russian and Japanese. In Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk and in other cities and parts of the island, you can see ancient Japanese buildings, monuments and monuments.
7. In Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, you do not need to queue for a bus, as is done in many big cities on the mainland. At the same time, it is customary to pay the fare as soon as you find a seat on the bus, and not when you exit it.
8. Many buildings and companies in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk stately begin or include the word Dom in their name: House of Trade, House of Life, House of Government, House of Officers, House of Culture of Railway Workers and various trading houses.
9. Any jeep is the most versatile means of transportation around the island. At the same time, on the island, as in most of the Far East, only the Japanese auto industry is popular.
10. Weekend Sakhalin residents spend in nature, "Mountain Air" or in the "City Mall" - a popular mall on the way out of the city.
11. There are no wolves on Sakhalin. The stuffed animal of the only wolf that entered the island from the mainland over the ice in some shaggy year is proudly kept in the Museum of Local Lore.
12. Sakhalin people call the rest of Russia - the mainland, and almost any mountain - a hill.
13. Caviar and fish can cost more than in Moscow or any other Russian city.
14. On Sakhalin, the writer Anton Pavlovich Chekhov is very much loved and revered, who visited the island in 1890 Sakhalin and, following the results of his trip, wrote the book Sakhalin Island. Streets, cultural institutions are named after the writer, monuments and sculptures are erected, various festivals and events are organized.
15. You can get out of Sakhalin only by plane, by ferry or by swimming. During summer holidays an economy class ticket to Moscow and back can cost about 100,000 rubles. Sometimes flying to Moscow and back costs almost the same as a ticket to Khabarovsk / Vladivostok and back. in winter due to weather conditions the airport and maritime stations may be closed for several days. As a result, communication with the mainland is completely lost, and tourists and residents of the island remain "captive by the island."

Sakhalin is an island off the east coast of Asia. Part of the Sakhalin Region, the largest island Russian Federation. Washed by the Okhotsk and Seas of Japan. It is separated from mainland Asia by the Tatar Strait (in the narrowest part, the Nevelskoy Strait, it is 7.3 km wide and freezes in winter). From Japanese island Hokkaido is separated by the La Perouse Strait.

Sakhalin twice more Greece and one and a half times more than Denmark.

In 1787, the famous French navigator, Count La Perouse, landed on west bank Sakhalin. Based on the results of his trip, he believed that Sakhalin was a peninsula. Nine years later, the Englishman W. Broughton was in the Tatar Strait, who also came to the conclusion that Sakhalin was a peninsula. The famous Russian explorer Kruzenshtern explored the shores of the island in 1805 and fell into the same mistake.

In 2015, the Governor of the Sakhalin Region Alexander Khoroshavin was detained, who is suspected of taking a bribe of $5.6 million. During a search, 800 pieces of expensive jewelry were found on him, including a writing pen worth 36 million rubles (Investigators found a pen worth 36 million rubles from the Governor of Sakhalin (ntv.ru)).

The well-known criminal "Sonka - the Golden Pen" was serving her sentence on Sakhalin. Here is what Chekhov writes about her in Sakhalin Island:

“Of those sitting in solitary confinement, the well-known Sofya Blyuvshtein, the Golden Hand, is especially noteworthy, convicted of escaping from Siberia to hard labor for three years. She is a small, thin, already graying woman with a crumpled, old woman’s face. She has shackles on her hands; on the bunk bed there is only a coat made of gray sheepskin, which serves as both warm clothing and a bed.She walks around her cell from corner to corner, and it seems that she is constantly sniffing the air, like a mouse in a mousetrap, and her expression is mouse-like. Looking at her, one cannot believe that until recently she was beautiful to such an extent that she charmed her jailers, as, for example, in Smolensk, where the warden helped her to escape and himself fled with her. all the women sent here lived outside the prison, in a free apartment, she tried to escape and dressed up as a soldier for this, but was detained. stole 56,000 rubles from a Jewish settler Yurovsky. In all these crimes, the Golden Pen is suspected and accused as a direct participant or accomplice. The local investigative authorities have confused her and themselves with such a thick wire of all sorts of inconsistencies and mistakes that absolutely nothing can be understood from her case. Be that as it may, 56 thousand have not yet been found and are still the subject of a wide variety of fantastic stories.

Cape Crillon - named La Perouse in honor of the French general Vicomte Crillon, known for his bravery.

Moneron Island - named La Perouse in honor of the engineer captain, member of the expedition.

Cape Lamanon (Tatar Strait) - named Laperouse in honor of the member of the expedition, the naturalist physicist Lamanon.

Cape Zhonkier - bears the name of the French navigator and governor of Canada.

Mordvinov Bay - named Kruzenshtern in honor of the Vice-President of the Admiralty Board N.S. Mordvinov (contributed to the organization of the expedition of I.F. Kruzenshtern).

Cape Mulovsky - named by I. Kruzenshtern in honor of his first commander in the fleet, Captain 1st Rank Grigory Ivanovich Mulovsky.

Nevelskoy Bay - named after the leader of the 1849 expedition G.I. Nevelskoy.

Cape Boshnyak. Boshnyak stone - named by members of the Amur expedition (led by G.I. Nevelsky) in honor of Lieutenant Nikolai Konstantinovich Boshnyak, a Sakhalin explorer who discovered coal deposits in the Due area in 1852.

Cape Lesovsky - Captain 2nd Rank S.S. Lesovsky commanded the frigate "Diana", on which in 1854 the diplomatic mission of Admiral Putyatin arrived in Japan.

Cape Khalezov (Amur Estuary) - named after the senior officer of the Baikal transport lieutenant Khalezov Alexander Antonovich.

Cape Grote (Amur Estuary) - Eduard Vasilievich Grote, lieutenant of the Baikal transport, participated in the measurements of the strait between Sakhalin Island and the mainland in July 1849.

Cape Voronin (Viahtu Bay) - Lieutenant Voronin Alexei Ivanovich was an active member of the Amur expedition, explored the coast of Sakhalin Island from Viakhtu Bay to Mgachi.

Lake Walrus - in 1856 the Siberian flotilla was created, which included gunboat"Walrus", after which one of the lakes of Sakhalin was named.

Kazakevich Bay - named after the first commander of the Siberian Flotilla, Rear Admiral P.V. Kazakevich.

Cape Kuznetsov - since 1857, detachments of ships were sent to the Far East to protect the outskirts of Russia Pacific Ocean. The first detachment was commanded by the captain of the 1st rank D.I. Kuznetsov.

Gulf of Nabil. Butakov Bay - in 1882, the clipper "Plastun" carried out research in the Nyisky and Nabilsky bays. Then it became known about the death of the Russian naval commander Admiral G.I. Butakov, after whom the Nabil Bay was named.

Cape Moiseev (Tatar Strait) - named after Lieutenant Ivan Efimovich Moiseev, navigation officer of the schooner Vostok.

Boyle Peninsula (Lake Tunaycha) - Boyle Peninsula was named by Lieutenant K.D. Felitsyn in honor of the commander of the Bayan corvette, Lieutenant Commander Roman Romanovich Boyle, who conducted hydrographic surveys of Sakhalin.

Kologeras Bay (Moneron Island) - named after the commander of the schooner Vostok, Lieutenant Commander Leonid Konstantinovich Kologeras.

Mount Staritsky (Moneron island) - named after the hydrograph lieutenant K.S. Staritsky, who carried out hydrographic work on Moneron Island in 1867.

Cape Lindebek - in 1876, the junior navigator of the corvette "Bayan" Lieutenant K.D. Felitsyn carried out hydrographic studies of lakes in the southeastern part of Sakhalin. On the map of the island, he put the name of a mechanical engineer, lieutenant A.Ya. Lindebeck.

Mount Juno - in 1946 - 1947 on South Sakhalin renaming of Japanese geographical names. The mountain was named in honor of the Juno brig, which participated in the military expedition of 1806 against military settlements on Sakhalin.

1) Sakhalin is the largest island in Russia. When Sakhalin belonged to Japan, the island was called "Karafuto", which was used as the Japanese designation for the whole of Sakhalin. Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk was founded in the 19th century as a convict settlement of Vladimirovka. During the Japanese occupation, the city was called Toyohara, which literally means "rich, fertile valley" in Japanese.

2) The length of the island is 948 km. If you look at the map of Russia, you can see the fish in the outline of Sakhalin. At the same time, the Sakhalin Region is the only island region in Russia.

3) 5% of the population of the island are Koreans, which is about 30,000 people. The inhabitants of Korea were brought to Sakhalin by the Japanese during the Karafuto period for forced labor. During the war years, the Koreans prepared the island's infrastructure for war. By the end of the war, 47 thousand people of Korean nationality remained on Sakhalin.

4) The indigenous population of the island is the Nivkhs and Ainu, who are now about 1% on Sakhalin.

6) Two cultures closely coexist on Sakhalin - Russian and Japanese. In Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk and in other cities and parts of the island, you can see ancient Japanese buildings, monuments and monuments.

7) Many buildings and companies in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk stately begin or include the word House in their name: House of Trade, House of Life, House of Government, House of Officers, House of Culture of Railwaymen and various trading houses.

8) Any jeep is the most versatile means of transportation around the island. At the same time, on the island, as in most of the Far East, only the Japanese auto industry is popular.

9) Sakhalin residents spend their weekends in nature, at Mountain Air or at City Mall, a popular shopping center on the outskirts of the city.

10) There are no wolves on Sakhalin. The stuffed animal of the only wolf that entered the island from the mainland over the ice in some shaggy year is proudly kept in the Museum of Local Lore.

11) Sakhalin people call the rest of Russia - the mainland, and almost any mountain - a hill.

12) Caviar and fish can cost more than in Moscow or any other Russian city.

13) On Sakhalin, the writer Anton Pavlovich Chekhov is very loved and revered, who visited the island in 1890 and, following the results of his trip, wrote the book Sakhalin Island. Streets, cultural institutions are named after the writer, monuments and sculptures are erected, various festivals and events are organized.

14) You can get out of Sakhalin only by plane, by ferry or by swimming. During the summer holidays, an economy class ticket to Moscow and back can cost about 100,000 rubles. Sometimes flying to Moscow and back costs almost the same as a ticket to Khabarovsk / Vladivostok and back. In winter, due to weather conditions, the airport and maritime stations may be closed for several days. As a result, communication with the mainland is completely lost, and tourists and residents of the island remain "captive by the island."

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