Foreign Asia is the largest region in the world. Ancient and ancient heritage of Central Asia
The name "Asia" (of Assyrian origin) indicates its geographical position and in translation means - the east. Unlike Europe, the Asian continent is extremely diverse. "Little" Europe is united by traditions and "cemented" by Christian values. Asia's past is more complex and has been shaped by various civilizations.
In the early 80s. one of the Indian historians said: "Take away Asia from the people, and they will lose their past, present and future." It is undeniable that the role of Asia in the world is unique. On her boundless expanses ancient civilizations with high material and spiritual culture arose. Their features still largely determine the economic profile and the specifics of the population.
Of the four great "river" civilizations, three formed in Asia, in the valleys largest rivers China, India and Mesopotamia. The first two were called "rice" civilizations. It has developed here special type economy, which is characterized by high labor intensity, widespread development of irrigation. This type of economy required a large number workers, but at the same time high-yielding rice could feed much more people than any other culture. Therefore, the valleys of the great Chinese and Indian rivers have become the areas with the highest concentration of population in the world.
In Asia, centers of modern spiritual culture have developed on the basis of religious and moral and ethical teachings. Usually in Asia there are three main "cultural worlds" - Indian, Chinese and Arab-Islamic.
In the VI-V centuries. BC e. Buddhism arose in the north of the South Asian subregion, spreading widely to the east and north. In the first millennium, Hinduism developed on the basis of Buddhism, in the 16th century. - Lamaism. Buddhism had a huge influence on the formation of Chinese and Japanese religions and moral and ethical teachings - Taoism, Confucianism and Shintoism.
At the turn of the two eras in Southwest Asia, in Palestine, two more religious movements arose - Judaism and Christianity. Christianity gradually crossed the Asian borders and spread throughout the world. The same thing happened with Judaism. At present, adherents of this religion in Europe and North America twice as many as in Israel.
In the vastness of Arabia in the VI-VII centuries. n. e. Islam arose, which is now widespread outside Southwest Asia - in the north and east of Africa, in South and South-East Asia.
Peculiarities religious composition population Asian countries are shown in Table 36. Asia has the most countries (16, or 1/3 of their total number), where Sunni Islam predominates. Buddhism dominates in six countries. Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism are also combined in six countries.
TO geographical heritage Ancient civilizations have the richest experience of the inhabitants in the struggle for survival in difficult natural conditions. Most The region is occupied by mountains, taiga and other inconvenient territories.
In Asia, classical types of terraced farming have developed on mountain slopes(in Japan, China, Southeast and South Asia). It is in Asian countries that irrigation has received the greatest development. In terms of irrigated area, Asia is far ahead of all other regions of the world, and China and India are ranked first and second in this indicator in the world.
A special type of agriculture is characteristic of monsoon regions, where moisture changes dramatically. Depending on the season of the year, a person struggles with excess moisture (creating protective dams on rivers) or with its lack (constructing irrigation systems).
Life in the difficult natural conditions of Asia has formed a special attitude towards work in the culture of the peoples. Amazing industriousness and the highest discipline are characteristic features of an Asian person.
The diversity of the population (see also the article ""), its cultural and everyday traditions is also evidenced by the diversity of types of nutrition of the inhabitants of Asia. Of the 20 types of food that exist in the world, 11 are represented in Asia, 8 in America, 5 in Africa, and 2 in Europe.
Lesson plan
Program theme No. 6: "Regions and countries of the world", 12 hours
Lesson topic: Foreign Asia, 2 hours
The purpose of the lesson : To introduce students to the features of economic and social development
Overseas Asia; identify and show features and problems this region.
Lesson objectives:
To continue the formation of the ability to work with the atlas, contour maps, statistical data and additional sources information.
To give an idea of the economic and geographical position of the region, its population and economic development.
Analyze changes geographical location territory of the region in time.
Lesson type: a lesson in learning new material with elements of a workshop.
Lesson equipment : textbooks, contour maps, atlas, handouts, projector,
screen, computer.
Teaching methods: verbal, visual, practical
During the classes
Organizing time
Checking students and getting them ready for the lesson
Repetition of the previously covered topic "Foreign Europe"
Front poll:
What sub-regions are distinguished in Overseas Europe and how do they differ from each other?
What type of reproduction Foreign Europe and why?
How developed is the industry and agriculture of the region?
Individual survey:
Computer testing.
Exploring a new topic
Territory and border of Overseas Asia
The territory of Asia Abroad stretches from north to south for almost 7,000 km, and from west to east for more than 10,000 km. The area is 32 million km, 48 states with a population of 3.7 million people.
The countries of Asia are very different, they differ in the size of the territory and natural resources, level of development, political system etc.
Most Asian countries are large, China and India are giants, but there are also microstates - Singapore, Bahrain, Qatar.
Economic and geographical position of Foreign Asia
Exercise : according to the map of the atlas and handout, determine the features of the EGP.
Features of the EGP region:
Neighborhood position of countries (unites the region);
The coastal position of most countries (provides access to the seas of three oceans);
The deep position of some countries (makes it difficult to communicate with other countries).
Asian heterogeneity
Economically the developed countries(Israel, Japan)
The heterogeneity of countries and the colonial past causes an aggravation of territorial, political and interethnic problems in the region.
Territorial disputes:
India - Pakistan
Iran - Iraq
India - China
Greece - Turkey
Japan - Russia
North Korea - Republic of Korea
Israel - Palestinian Authority
Subregions of Overseas Asia
Exercise : using the maps of the atlas and handouts, determine which sebregions Foreign Asia is divided into?
East and Central Asia
Natural resources of the region
The Asian region has natural resources and is distinguished by their diversity. Asia is a region with the richest mineral resources. But if earlier gold, precious and semi-precious stones were considered the main wealth of Asia, now oil, gas, coal and various ores have been added to this list.
The main wealth of the region, which determines it in the international geographical division of labor, is oil. One of the world's largest oil and gas provinces (Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, UAE, Qatar). Large oil and gas reserves are in Indonesia and Myanmar.
Overseas Asia is poor in land resources - most of the region is occupied by mountains, sandy and stone deserts.
The surplus of water and forest resources in Southeast Asia is combined with a shortage in Southwest and Central Asia.
Foreign Asia has large and promising recreational resources(Asia has cultural heritage sites).
Population of Foreign Asia
More than 60% of the world's population lives in Foreign Asia. The population of this region is characterized by a large number, high growth rates (see the atlas map "Natural population growth"), complex compositions and uneven distribution.
The population of the region significantly exceeds 3 billion. Human.
Overseas Asia is home to six of the ten largest countries in the world in terms of population: India, China, Indonesia, Pakistan, Japan and Bangladesh.
The composition of the population of Foreign Asia is very diverse. The ethnic picture is especially colorful. More than a thousand peoples live in Asia; the population speaks more than five hundred languages.
Asia is a region of multinational countries. This region is the birthplace of three world religions: Christianity, Islam, Buddhism.
The complexity of the ethnic and religious composition of a number of Asian countries leads to the emergence of many interethnic and religious conflicts.
Population distribution is closely related to natural conditions. Their diversity and contrast explains the extreme uneven distribution of the population. The vast majority of the population lives on the coast of the seas and oceans and along the banks of large rivers.
Foreign Asia is the most "male" region of the world.
Exercise : why Asia is called the most "male" (age-old traditions and the uneven position of men and women associated with them led to the numerical superiority of men.
Economy of Foreign Asia
Character and level economic development countries of Foreign Asia is also distinguished by a significant contrast.
Asia is home to one of the most highly developed countries in the world - Japan, and the poorest and most backward countries - Afghanistan, Nepal, Buten.
Exercise : textbook by V.P. Maksakovskii to answer the question, what is the role of the Asian economy on the world stage?
Foreign Asia in the system of international economic relations (IER)
IEO
Major countries leaders(Japan, China)
The countries of Foreign Asia in the system of international economic relations have a fairly strong position. The role of the region is especially great in the traditional supply of mineral raw materials and agricultural products to world markets. In the second half of the 20th century the role of Asian countries as exporters of finished industrial products has grown.
Pinning a new topic
Through the performance of tasks by students: filling out the table (work in groups)
Homework
Textbook V.P. Maksakovskiy "Geography", pp. 223-270
Answer the questions in your notebook
How did political map world in time.
What are the differences between the sub-regions of Western Europe.
Cultural heritage of mysterious Asia
angkor wat temple
Another beautiful temple in the area ancient capital Cambodia - Angkor Wat, which translates as "temple city". It was built under King Suryavarman II, dedicated to one of the most beloved Hindu gods - the god Vishnu. And it is still considered the largest temple in the world: 2 sq. km of beautiful halls connected by stairs, passages, crowned with five towers… It is no coincidence that the silhouette of the city-temple is depicted on the flag of Cambodia.
In Angkor Wat, after the capital of Cambodia itself was abandoned by the inhabitants, Buddhist monks continue to live. They support the temple in relative safety, which is why it is so interesting to look at its sculptures and reliefs.
Vishnu is a kind and merciful deity. There is a legend about how one sage tested the power of three Hindu gods - Brahma, Shiva and Vishnu. The first two gods answered him with insult upon insult, but Vishnu slept through the whole test. Then the sage decided to offend him especially strongly and kicked the god with his foot. Awakened Vishnu rubbed the sage's leg, asking if he had hurt it. Then the sage decided that this god is the most powerful, since love and kindness can defeat even evil and injustice. The wife of Vishnu is the goddess Shri Lakshmi.
The temple, like the Bayon, is built in accordance with the ideas of the Hindus about the structure of the universe. central tower(the symbol of Mount Meru) is even higher than Bayon and rises to 65 m. The temple is surrounded by a 5.5 km long wall and a 200 m wide moat, across which serpentine-shaped bridges are thrown, symbolizing the nagas - half-serpents-half-dragons, keepers of wisdom and fire. The kings of Cambodia revered them greatly and believed that the gods created the universe by churning a huge chaotic milky ocean, carried out by the rotation of a huge naga. Multi-level galleries surround the temple from all sides. They are magnificently decorated with reliefs up to 2 m high with scenes from myths and real life, with the image of beautiful dancers.
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Presentation - Natural Heritage of Asia
The text of this presentation
Natural heritage of Asia
Geography course Grade 10 Berdyugina Victoria Nikolaevna, teacher of geography and biology, MBOU Sarasinsky secondary school of the Altai region of the Altai Territory s. Sarasa 2014
Japan
Yaku - Japanese island, 60 km south of the island Kyushu. It is an irregular pentagon with an area of 503 km². highest point- 1935 m above sea level. Most of the island is covered by rainforest. The sugi tree is widespread. Rich fauna including deer and monkeys, picturesque mountains and waterfalls, thermal springs.
Shirakami-Santi (" mountain lands white god") - a mountain reserve that combines virgin deciduous (mainly beech) forests in the north of the Japanese island of Honshu with an area of 1300 square meters. km. Fishing and hunting in these protected forests possible only with the express permission of the authorities. In the forests of Honshu, you can find black bear, serau mountain goat and 87 species of birds.
Shiretoko is a peninsula in the east of the Japanese island of Hokkaido. The name of the peninsula comes from the language of the Ainu people and means "end of the earth. From the eastern tip of the peninsula, the island of Kunashir is clearly visible. It is one of the least populated and cultivated areas in Japan.
Bonin Islands or Ogasawara Islands - a group of more than 40 islands located between Mariana Islands and Japan. It is part of Tokyo.
Fujiyama, Fuji is an active stratovolcano on Japanese island Honshu is 90 kilometers southwest of Tokyo. The height of the mountain is 3776 m (the highest in Japan). Currently, the volcano is considered weakly active, the last eruption was in 1707-1708. The mountain has an almost perfect conical shape and is considered sacred, serves as an object of tourism, as well as religious pilgrimage for Buddhist and Shinto cults. Fuji has been a popular subject in Japanese art for centuries. Today at the top of Fuji are located Shinto shrine, Postal office and weather station.
Turkey
Goreme National Park - museum under open sky in Turkey. The national park covers an area of 300 km². The area of the park includes 6 churches and many monastic buildings.
Cappadocia ("Country beautiful horses») - historical name areas in the east of Asia Minor on the territory of modern Turkey, used from antiquity until the present day. Characterized by an extremely interesting landscape volcanic origin, underground cities, created in 1 thousand BC. e. and extensive cave monasteries, leading its history from the time of the early Christians.
Sri Lanka
Sinharaja - national park located in the southwestern part of Sri Lanka. This is the only wood rainforest in the country. The landscape is a series of valleys and ridges. 60% of tree species are endemic and many of them are rare species. Inhabits many rare birds, butterflies, reptiles and mammals. Among them are the Indian elephant, leopard, Ceylon azure magpie, Ceylon starling, python. There are 21 species of endemic birds and several rare insects, reptiles and amphibians in the national park. The name of the park literally means "lion" (sinha) and "king" (raja).
Highlands of Central Sri Lanka - mountain forests in the south-central part of the island. Forests located at an altitude of up to 2500 meters above sea level are distinguished by high biological diversity and a high level of endemism.
Philippines
Tubbataha Reef - Protected Area and Marine natural Park part of the Philippines, located in the central part of the Sulu Sea. The marine and bird sanctuary consists of two large atolls (named North and South) and a reef. North Atoll is a nesting site for many species of birds and sea turtles(byss and greens). The park is an example of untouched coral reef with a 100-meter perpendicular coral wall, an extensive lagoon and two coral islands. It is the center of marine biodiversity; it is home to 75% of the described coral species and 40% of the world's reef fish. It is home to at least 600 fish species, 360 coral species, 11 shark species, 13 dolphin and whale species, and 100 bird species.
Puerto Princesa Underground River is a national park on about. Palawan. The park is located in the karst development zone. This river flows underground, in a cave, towards the South China Sea. Its length is about 8 km. The cave has several large halls.
Thailand
Khao Yai is a national park. the first in the country, created on September 18, 1962. important role in its creation. It covers an area of 2.168 square kilometers, including evergreen forests and grasslands. Altitude ranges from 400 to 1000 m above sea level. There are 3,000 plant species, 320 bird species, and 67 mammal species in the park, including the Himalayan bear, Indian elephant, gaur, tigers, gibbons, Indian muntjac deer, and wild pigs. Numerous waterfalls.
Nepal
Chomolungma (Tib.), Everest (English), Sagarmatha (Nepalese) (8848 m) - highest peak Earth. Located in the Himalayas, in the Mahalangur-Himal range. The southern peak (8760 m) lies on the border of Nepal and the Tibetan autonomous region(China), the Northern (main) peak (8848 m) is located in China.
Sagarmatha National Park is located in the Himalayas in Nepal, northeast of the capital Kathmandu. The territory occupies 1148 km² of the ecological zone of the Himalayas. The park consists mainly of rugged rugged lands and gorges of the Upper Himalayas. The height of the territories ranges from 2845 m (Mongeo) to 8848 m (Mount Chomolungma) above sea level.
Chitwan National Park is a national park. It is located 200 km from the capital Kathmandu. Until 1973, the park was a favorite hunting ground for Nepalese kings. In 1973 it was declared a protected area, the first of national parks Nepal.
Mongolia
The Ubsunur basin is the water basin of Lake Ubsu-Nur, the northernmost large closed water basin in Central Asia. The length of the Ubsunur basin from north to south is 160 km, and from west to east 600 km.
Malaysia
Kinabalu is the fourth highest mountain in Southeast Asia, with a height of 4095 meters. A very young, in geological time scale, mountain. It continues to rise at a rate of about five millimeters per year. Built with granite. On the formation of relief big influence caused glaciation.
China
Huangshan ("Yellow Mountains") is a mountain range in Anhui Province in eastern China (about 300 kilometers southwest of Shanghai). The area is known for its granite cliffs covered with pine trees, praised by Chinese artists and poets.
Huanglong (“Yellow Dragon”) is a picturesque protected area, famous for its travertine terraces (from calcareous tuff), numerous lakes, of various colors and shapes. It is located in the highlands in the northwest of Sichuan province. The reserve is home to a number of rare animals such as the giant panda and the golden snub-nosed monkey.
National jiuzhaigou park("Valley of Nine Villages") - a nature reserve in the north of Sichuan province in central China. Known for its multi-level waterfalls and colored lakes.
Wulingyuan - part mountain system Wulingshan is located in the northwest of Hunan province in China. As a result of the weathering of sandstones and limestones, about 3000 peaks and cliffs of the most bizarre shapes were formed. They are separated deep gorges with rivers, lakes and waterfalls; there are two natural bridges and about 40 caves. The mountains are home to a number of endangered plant and animal species.
"Three Parallel Rivers" is a national park in China, located in the northwest of Yunnan province. On the territory of the park there are the upper reaches of the three largest rivers in Asia: the Yangtze, the Mekong and the Salween, which flow in gorges up to 3,000 m deep. In this section, the rivers flow almost parallel from north to south. After turning the Yangtze to the north, it flows through the famous Leaping Tiger Gorge. It grows over 6,000 species, or about 20% of all rare and valuable plants in China. Also, more than 25% of all species of the PRC fauna live here.
Reserves giant panda- a complex of 7 reserves and 9 parks in Chinese province Sichuan. More than a third of the world's population of the rarest giant panda lives in the reserves, as well as the red panda, snow leopard and clouded leopard. In addition, 5-6 thousand plant species grow in the region.
South China Karst - located in southern provinces China. This area is known for its karst topography and biodiversity.
Mount Sanqingshan or Mount Sanqing is a mountain and a national park of the same name in the Chinese province of Jiangxi. The main attraction of the area are picturesque groups of granite rocks in the middle of a dense forest.
Kyrgyzstan
Sulaiman-Too - sacred mountain in Osh. It is a five-domed calcareous remnant, elongated from west to east. Its length is more than 1140 m, width - 560 m. Since ancient times it had a sacred meaning, as evidenced by the preserved petroglyphs. On the slope of the mountain there is a museum of its history.
Kazakhstan
Saryarka - Steppes and lakes of Northern Kazakhstan - the first natural object world heritage in Kazakhstan and Central Asia. The object consists of two nature reserves located in the steppe zone. The site includes two groups of fresh and salt water lakes, which are important stopping points for millions of migratory birds. These wetlands support populations of globally threatened species such as Siberian Crane, pink flamingo, white-tailed eagle, duck, curly pelican.
Yemen
Socotra is an archipelago from four islands and two rocks in Indian Ocean off the coast of Somalia, about 350 km south of Arabian Peninsula. Composed mainly of crystalline rocks. It is one of the world's most isolated archipelagos of continental origin.
Socotro's dragon tree
Indonesia
Komodo National Park is a national park. Founded in 1980 to protect the Komodo dragon, the largest lizard in the world, which can reach three meters or more in length and weigh over 70 kg. The lizard was first discovered by Van Stein in 1911. Komodo National Park has been selected as one of the New 7 Wonders of Nature.
Lorenz is a national park in the Indonesian province of Papua. Is the biggest protected area in Southeast Asia.
The Sumatra Virgin Rainforests are threatened tropical rainforests on the island of Sumatra covering 2.5 million hectares. Due to the risk posed by poaching, illegal logging, agricultural encroachment and road construction plans through the site, the forests have been inscribed on the World Heritage List.
India
Kaziranga National Park - founded in 1905. The park has beautiful tropical forests, rivers, magnificent meadows. It is home to the world's largest population of one-horned rhinoceros. In total, there are more than 30 species of mammals in the park, 15 of which are endangered in the world.
Keoladeo is a national park. The park is home to many rare and endangered bird species that migrate here in winter period. It is of interest to both tourists and ornithologists.
Indian beaks
The Manas National Park is home to a rare species of golden langur and a significant population of tigers. It has a rich and varied avifauna. Its main attraction is a large hornbill.
Nanda Devi is a national park located at an altitude of over 3500 m. Rare species have survived in the wild - blue sheep, snow leopard, black bear, some sunbirds. Another part of the national park is glaciers located at an altitude above 6000 m.
One of the attractions of the park - Skeleton Lake - a small alpine glacial lake in the Himalayas.
Valley of Flowers is a national park located in the Western Himalayas high in the mountains, famous for its meadows with flowers of extraordinary beauty.
Vietnam
Halong Bay ("where the dragon descended into the sea") - includes more than 3,000 islands, as well as small rocks, cliffs and caves. Both ground and undersea world characterized by high biodiversity. According to legend, Ha Long Island was created by a large dragon. He always lived in the mountains, but when he went out, he hollowed out valleys and hollows of various shapes with his tail. After he plunged into the sea, the places dug out by his tail filled with water, and only small islands of land remained. locals and to this day they say that a dragon lives in the bay.
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