Central Crimea Central Crimea is endless steppe expanses plowed under fields, to the south - orchards, vineyards, mountains covered with coniferous and deciduous
Geography of Crimea
In the south of Ukraine is one of its pearls - Crimean peninsula, washed by the Black and Azov Seas, as well as Lake Sivash. The peninsula is connected to the mainland by the narrow Perekop Isthmus. Most of the Crimea is occupied by the North Crimean Plain with cold, dry winters, insufficiently moistened cool springs and autumns, hot and dry summers, with a cultivated steppe and poor fauna. southern part The peninsulas are occupied by mountains consisting of three ridges-cuestas, gently sloping from the north and steep from the south: External, Internal and Main. highest point Crimea - Roman-Kosh, 1545.3 m. Mountain climate: moderately cold, little snow winter, cool, rainy spring and autumn, hot and dry summer, frequent winds in all seasons of the year.
The flora of the mountains is modified depending on the height and exposure of the slopes. Due to human activities most of representatives of the fauna has been preserved in the area of the Crimean Reserve. In the extreme south of the peninsula, along the Black Sea coast, a narrow strip stretches South coast Crimea (South Coast) with low mountains, relatively warm, rainy winters, warm and dry springs and autumns, hot and dry summers. The flora of the South Coast has been changed and turned into a continuous park and garden area with ornamental plants, fruit trees and vineyards. Diversity of nature, wealth historical monuments create all conditions for recreation, excursions and tourism. In terms of recreation and tourism, the Crimean peninsula can be conditionally divided into two parts: flat and mountainous. Mountain Crimea can be divided into three tourist areas: Western (from the city of Sevastopol to the Simferopol-Alushta highway), Central (between the Simferopol-Alushta highway and the Grushevka-Sudak highway) and Eastern (between the Grushevka-Sudak highway and the city of Feodosia).
Features of Western Crimea
Western Crimea, as a tourist area, is located between the railway and the Simferopol-Bakhchisarai-Sevastopol highway in the north, the Simferopol-Alushta trolleybus route in the east, and the Black Sea coast in the west and south. Two ridges pass through the region: Inner, relatively low ridge with numerous monuments of nature and history: cave cities and monasteries (Bakla, Chufut-Kale, Tepe-Kermen, Kachi-Kalyon, Mangup, Eski-Kermen, Chilter-Koba, Suyren tower, etc.), canyons of the river. Black, Kacha, Belbek; The main ridge, or Yayla, which begins as a narrow ridge from Cape Aya and goes to the city of Spirada, then goes the wide Ai-Petri Yayla to the lane. Endek s highest mountain- Roca, 1346 m; further Yalta Yayla to the lane. Uch-Kosh with the highest mountain Kemal-Egerek, 1529 m; then a small Demir-Kapukskaya Yayla to the lane. Pisara-Bogaz in the northeast and per. Nikitsky in the south with the highest mountain Demir-Kapu, 1541 m; further narrow Gurzufsky ridge to the lane. Gurzuf Saddle or Gurbet-Dere-Bogaz; then comes the highest Yayla-Babugan to the lane. Kebit-Bogaz with the highest mountains Kryma Roman-Kosh, 1545 m, Orman-Kosh, 1530 m, Zeytin-Kosh, 1537 m; then Chatyr-Dag-Yail to the Angarsk Pass and the Simferopol-Alushta highway with the highest mountain Eklizi-Burun, 1527 m. The northern slopes of the Yail are covered with deciduous forest, the southern ones are pine forest. Ai-Petri Yaila has many mines and caves.
River valleys in the mountainous part are narrow and form canyon-like gorges, the most famous - Grand Canyon Crimea in the upper reaches of the river. Belbek near Ai-Petri Yayla. The protected part is very beautiful and interesting with natural and historical monuments, but the entrance there is only with the permission of the Reserve Administration, located in the mountains. Alushta. All parking lots of the foothill part are located on the outskirts of settlements. It is better to start routes from the mountains. Simferopol, mountains. Bakhchisaray or from the mountains. Sevastopol, in which the KSS or KSO are located: mountains. Simferopol, st. Zoya Zhiltsova, 24, tel. (8-0652) 25-45-13; 25-31-58, KSS; mountains Bakhchisaray, st. Karl Marx, 31, tel. 3-28-57, CSR; mountains Sevastopol, st. Suvorov, 20, tel. 52-53-18, CSR.
Features of the Central Crimea
Central Crimea as a tourist area is located between the Simferopol-Alushta trolleybus route in the west, the Grushevka-Sudak highway in the east, the Simferopol-Grushevka-Feodosiya highway in the north and the Black Sea coast in the south. Here are located: Dolgorukovskaya Yayla, Demerdzhi-Yayla, Karabi-Yayla, further to the east there are narrow ridges and mountains. There are many deciduous forests in the area. All parking lots and routes are remote from settlements, but if necessary, it is possible to go to settlements within one day from each parking lot, going north or south.
The area is famous for its monuments to partisans of the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars. Lots on the natural route excursion objects: karst caves and mines on the Yayla (Red caves, MAN caves, Soldatskaya caves, Buzluk, etc.), remnant rocks (Ghost Valley on Demerdzhi Mountain, Koktash Skate, Camel Mountain, Chatal-Kaya, Baka-Tash, etc.), waterfalls: Dzhurla, Dzhur-Dzhur, Raven), Kuchuk-Karasinsky canyon and many miniature canyons in river valleys. It is better to start and end routes from the trolleybus route or from the mountains. Zander. You can also start routes from any settlement located on the Simferopol-Feodosia or Alushta-Sudak highway, where they go local buses. Release on tourist routes carried out by the Republican KSS, city. Simferopol, st. Zoya Zhiltsova, 24, tel. 25-45-13, 25-31-58; KSO: mountains. Alushta, st. Lenina, 8a, tel. 3-50-10, mountains. Sudak, Tauride Highway, 8, hotel "Horizon", tel. 2-19-00.
Features of Eastern Crimea
Eastern Crimea as a tourist area is located between the highway Simferopol - Grushevka - Bulk - Feodosia in the north, the Grushevka - Sudak highway in the west, the Black Sea coast - in the south and the Bulk - Koktebel highway - in the east. The terrain of the area consists of low mountains and ridges. highest mountain district - the city of Tuaralan, 748 m, located on the ridge of the same name. On the territory of the district is located ancient volcano- the city of Karadag, declared state reserve. In the Starokrymsky forests there are many monuments to partisans of the Great Patriotic War. Very interesting routes on the mountains Ai-Georgy, Alchak, Perchem, Sokol, Karaul-Oba, Echki-Dag in the mountains. Zander.
The most famous excursion objects in the area are Genoese fortress and Byzantine monasteries in the mountains. Sudak, the museum and the grave of the writer A. S. Green in the mountains. Old Crimea, Surb-Khach Armenian Monastery On The Outskirts Of The Mountains. Old Crimea, museums of the artist M. Voloshin and gliding in the village of Koktebel. In the mountains Feodosia can be visited art gallery artist I. K. Aivazovsky and the museum of the writer A. S. Green. It is more convenient to start routes from the mountains. Stary Krym, which can be reached by bus from the mountains. Simferopol or from the mountains. Feodosia. You can start routes from Shchebetovka or Koktebel village, where he goes shuttle bus from mountains. Theodosius. Release on tourist routes in Eastern Crimea carry out KSS mountains. Feodosia, st. Fedko, 32a, tel. 7-15-73 and mountains. Sudak, Tauride highway, 8, hotel "Horizon", tel. 2-19-00.
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Region Composition
Simferopol region - Belogorsk region - Simferopol city
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Tasks: Write down the largest settlements of this region Determine the main features of the geographical location of the region Write down the areas with which the Central Crimea region is adjacent
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Geographical position
The position of the Central Crimea is unique in its own way - the region is located at the junction of the plain and mountain parts Crimean peninsula. At the same time, its southern and central parts are located within the Inner, Outer and even Main Row Crimean mountains, but a significant Northern part is part of the Plain Crimea. This peculiarity of the arrangement of the essential is reflected in the contrast natural conditions various parts of the Central Crimea.
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One of the main natural attractions of the region is an 800-year-old oak, in the shade of which, according to documents, the famous Russian commander Alexander Suvorov negotiated with the Turkish Khan. The height of the oak is 18 meters, and it takes 12 people to clasp it. According to the stories of local historians, this oak tree, although it stands in an open field, is never struck by lightning.
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Nature of the region Relief - Central Crimean Plain and foothills of the Crimean Mountains Soils - southern chernozems Climate - hot summers and relatively warm winters waters - region provided better than all regions of the Crimea Minerals - clay, building limestone, mineral water, sand
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Plants and animals of the Central Crimea
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oak hornbeam ash
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fescue feather grass Cyclamen Kuznetsova Katran Stevena
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Astragalus of bristles Yatrysh-bodied Crimean wolfberry Larkspur Palassa
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ground squirrel jerboa badger Kutora small
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owl falcon lark Red-bellied toad
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Young archaeologist
On the territory of Simferopol and Belogorsk regions, several unique sites of primitive man were discovered
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Archaeologists believe that the grotto was a site of Neanderthals who lived in the Old Stone Age during the Mousterian era, and it was about 100,000-40,000 years ago. This rare monument of the Middle Paleolithic was discovered in 1879 by K. S. Merezhkovsky. It was the first grotto of its kind on the territory of the Crimea, discovered in the Russian Empire. wolf grotto
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Since 1947, this landmark has the status of a monument of world importance. On the territory of Europe there is no more ancient, preserved human dwelling, except for the Chokurcha cave. IN ancient times here they made tools, Neanderthals took refuge from the weather. Paleolithic human skeletons have been found in this area. Chokurcha Cave
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The Kiik-Koba grotto cave is located in the valley of the Zuya River, 8 km south of the village of the same name. Under the influence of groundwater and rock weathering, at a height of about 90 meters above a mountain stream, a natural recess was formed, covered, like a roof, by a rocky ledge. The grotto is well hidden by forest thickets and a heap of huge stones. It has an area of about 50 sq.m. In 1924-1925. Archaeologists discovered in the cave the oldest site of primitive man in the Crimea. The most valuable find was the remains of Neanderthals, a woman and a child. In addition, up to 500 flint tools were found under the arches of the cave, which were used about 100 thousand years ago, many bone remains of the extinct fauna of the Crimea. The Kiik-Koba grotto cave is recognized as a scientific object of world importance. Cave grotto Kiik-Koba
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Caves Yeni-Sala 2 Bowels of the earth the cave goes to 75 meters, deepening at the same time to 13 meters. total area Yeni Sala-2 is 385 meters. Cave Yeni-Sala-2 was discovered in 1960 by schoolchildren who were engaged in a circle of young archaeologists. During the first visit to the Yeni-Sala-2 cave, it was discovered a large number of niches containing bones, skulls and horns of wild and domestic animals. During excavations in Yeni-Sala-2, scientists discovered the remains of pottery from different eras. Among the artifacts were found products from black Kizilkoba ceramics, which made it possible to assume that the Yeni-Sala-2 cave is nothing more than a family sanctuary of the Crimean Tauri.
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Mountain Crimea is the edge of classical karst. Limestones are easily dissolved by water, and various karst landforms and voids are formed on their surface, as well as in the depths. Marble Cave - is considered the most beautiful cave in Crimea. It was opened only in 1984. Located on the lower plateau of Chatyr-Dag
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The Red Cave got its name from iron oxide found in local rocks. Thanks to him, the entire area around Kizil-Koba is painted in reddish-red colors.
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Emine-Bair-Khosar is one of the most beautiful caves Crimea. Translated from the Turkic Amy - "oak", Bair - "slope", Khosar - "well", thus, the whole name is translated as "well on the slope near the oak".
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Young Hydrologist Samoy long river Crimea is - SALGIR Its length is 232 km. Together with the BIYUK-KARAS tributary, it represents the largest in the Crimea water system. The upper reaches of the river are formed from the confluence of the ANGARA and KIZIL-KOBA rivers. Near the village of Zarechnoye flows into major tributary AYAN. The mouth of the river is the SIVASH Bay. On the river in 1951-1955. SIIMFEROPOLSKY reservoir was built
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From the source to the mouth at a distance of 232 kilometers, the Crimean river Salgir carries its waters. The longest Crimean river originates at the top Main Ridge Crimean mountains, descends along the northern slope, and in downstream flows along the steppe part of the Crimean peninsula.
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RIVERS OF THE CENTRAL CRIMEA WET INDOL - CHOROKH-SU Zuya Burulcha Biyuk - Karasu
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Many Crimean rivers in their course form picturesque waterfalls Cheremisovskie waterfalls Uskut waterfalls
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Waterfall Wuchang-Su Waterfall Dzhur-dzhur
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Falls of the Three Saints is located on the territory belonging to Toplovsky St. Paraskevievsky convent
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Central Crimea is one of the richest water resources regions of the peninsula. Dozens of ponds and several large reservoirs have been created on its territory. Simferopol reservoir Taigan reservoir
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Balanovskoye reservoir Partizanskoye reservoir
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A bit of history In the village of Mirnoye near Simferopol, on May 8, 2015, a grand opening of a memorial dedicated to the prisoners took place concentration camp"Red". In total, several concentration camps existed in Crimea from 1942 to 1944, but Krasny was the largest of them. Partisans, prisoners of war, underground workers and just civilians were kept in concentration camps. Crimean residents
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Simferopol region The priority directions in the development of the region are: grain growing, vegetable production, cultivation of essential oil crops and sunflower seed oil, development of fruit growing and viticulture; in animal husbandry - dairy and beef cattle breeding, poultry farming, pig breeding, sheep breeding.
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Belogorsky district Its main specialization is the cultivation of grain, essential oil crops, animal husbandry, and poultry farming.
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A few kilometers north of Belogorsk, the steep Inner Ridge rose up, topped by the picturesque Ak-Kaya rock. From a distance, it looks like an elegant white-stone palace. The impression of a palace with perfect architectural forms is enhanced on a sunny summer day by the dazzling whiteness of limestones and marls that make up Ak-Kaya. Therefore, its Crimean Tatar name is very successful, denoting nothing more than white rock. White Rock covers an area of 2028 hectares. The height above sea level is 325 m, above the valley the White Rock rises to 150 m. The White Rock was formed as a result of erosion and weathering of the Upper Cretaceous limestones and marls. White rock is of interest for geological excursions.
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simferopol
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There are many attractions in Simferopol - the status of the capital of Crimea obliges. First of all, this is Simferopol Train Station- the first thing tourists who come to rest in Crimea see. In the center of Crimea, the memory of Crimean history and peoples museums: Republican local history museum, Simferopol Art Museum, the Crimean Tatar Museum of Art, the original Zoological Museum of TNU and even the Museum of the History of Chocolate. Most Beautiful places Simferopol, of course, Botanical Garden TNU im. Vernadsky (on its territory - the House of Count Vorontsov), Simferopol reservoir and Gagarin park, these are favorite places for recreation of Simferopol residents and guests of the city. It is worth familiarizing yourself with the monument of archeology Scythian Naples, ancient capital Scythia. There are many monuments in Simferopol depicting milestones in the history of the city and famous people history - monuments to Prince Dolgorukov, Alexander Pushkin, brothers Aivazovsky, commander Suvorov. Simferopol is cultural center peninsula, the most significant Crimean theaters and places of entertainment are concentrated here: the Russian Drama Theatre, the Crimean Ukrainian Musical Theatre, the Crimean Tatar Theater, the Tezikov Circus
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Ruins ancient city Scythian Naples today is a historical and archaeological reserve on the outskirts of Simferopol. Excursions are conducted on part of the territory, the buildings dug out of the ground are an exposition of an open-air museum.
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Belogorsk
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Europe's largest safari park, where dozens of lions live without cages (they can be observed from special elevated passages), as well as hundreds of other animals: giraffes, camels, rams, parrots, and numerous monkeys. Unlike other zoos, most animals (except predators, of course) can be touched, stroked and even hand-fed. Huge peacocks, for example, roam freely around the territory, like doves in our parks.
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Central Crimea
Central Crimea known to all tourists at least because it is here - at - that all the railway lines leading to the peninsula end. Therefore, almost all travelers are familiar with this Crimean part, regardless of the type of transport chosen for travel. But often this acquaintance is very fleeting, as everyone is in a hurry to get to the sea as soon as possible. Although in the Central Crimea there is something to visit and see.
In the Crimean capital itself and its environs there are several attractions, noteworthy
. For example, Simferopol museums are very interesting - Crimean ethnographical museum, Museum of Taurida and others. Wonderful walks can be made in the local parks of Gagarin or Vernadsky. But the main attraction of the outskirts of Simferopol is the reserve - the ruins of the ancient city, where excavations are still ongoing.
Driving a little further outside the city, you can visit the famous karst caves mountain range Chatyr-Dag: , Emine-Bair-Khosar and Emine-Bair-Koba. And if you go to the Red Cave, you can still see the underground part of the Kizilkobinka River, which bursts to the surface in the form of the Su-Uchkhan waterfall.
Despite the fact that the capital of the peninsula is Simferopol, calling card Central Crimea is rightly considered. Most popular place in the city - . It occupies an area of about 4 hectares, so it will take several hours to carefully examine every corner of it. Even in Bakhchisarai, relatively recently (2013), a miniature park was opened, in which the entire Crimea with all the sights was created in a reduced form. In addition, there is a cave Assumption Monastery and many cave fortresses, for example, Chufut-Kale.
The next city in the Central Crimea that attracts the attention of tourists is. Among the natural creations of its environs, the most popular one, which has its own interesting story. As well as accumulations of tourists are constantly observed in, on 20 hectares of the territory of which more than 50 lions live.
Another town worth visiting is Stary Krym, located in mountain valley near Feodosia. The nature of this place is very picturesque, even despite the remoteness of the sea - the main decoration Crimean landscapes. Moreover, here you can see many ancient monasteries and temples, which are well preserved to this day.
The mountain range also belongs to the Central Crimea. lovers mountain tourism enjoy visiting these places. But Demerdzhi was glorified by the Valley of Ghosts, referring to mysterious places peninsulas.
Of course, the absence of the sea in the Central part of Crimea makes it less popular. But still, having come here, you can have a good time and learn a lot of interesting things for yourself.
Crimea (geographical Crimean Peninsula) is located in the northern part of the Black Sea, in the south of the former Ukrainian SSR. Since 2014, in fact, it has been part of Russian Federation, however, in the political plane it remains controversial, since there is no corresponding UN jurisdiction.
Geographical position
The Crimean peninsula is washed by the waters of the Black Sea from three sides, and from the northeast by the waters of the Sea of Azov. Geographically, the peninsula is clearly divided into northern - flat, steppe - and southern (mountainous, forest) parts. Particularly stands out having a hilly terrain with a predominance of steppe landscapes. The closest subject of the Russian Federation to Crimea is the Krasnodar Territory.
The natural connection of the Crimea with the mainland is available only with Ukrainian side peninsula, and in geological terms, its territory is a natural continuation of the crystalline shield of Ukraine. From Krasnodar Territory Crimea is separated Kerch Strait. This circumstance makes it necessary to design complex and expensive facilities for the development transport communication between Crimea and Russian territory.
Climate
IN different areas Crimean climate is not the same. Relatively little precipitation falls in the northern steppe part. Winters are snowy and relatively warm. Summer is hot and dry. The mountainous part of the Crimea is characterized by hot dry summers and warm wet winters. Also for warm and humid winters and hot dry summers. This climate is close to the Mediterranean.
The whole Crimea is divided into administrative regions. There are 14 in total.
Districts of the western part of the peninsula
The Chernomorsky region is located on the western tip of the Crimea. The climate is dry and favorable for recreation. The seashore is steep and very picturesque. The area is dominated by steppe landscapes and the population density is low. The perfect place for a relaxing holiday.
Saki district is located in the western part of Crimea, has access to the coast. The area harmoniously combines agriculture and resort activities. Resorts have a balneological orientation. Agriculture is represented by winemaking and horticulture. Limestone-shell rock is also mined in the area.
Razdolnensky district is located in the north-west of the peninsula. Differs from others steppe regions more even and mild climate. The area has opportunities for the development of resort activities and agriculture. Here grapes are grown and produced alcoholic products. There is also fishing. There are deposits therapeutic mud. Eight protected areas promote conservation local flora and fauna.
Some areas of the southern Crimea
The Simferopol region of Crimea is located in the southern part of the peninsula, in the foothill zone. Administrative center- the city of Simferopol. Steppe and low-mountain landscapes predominate.
The Yalta region is located on the southern tip of the peninsula. This is the warmest point of the Crimea. Protected from cold winds mountain ranges. The region's economy is mainly associated with resort activities. On its territory there are a large number of boarding houses, rest houses and places of entertainment.
Districts of the eastern part of Crimea
The Soviet district is located in the eastern part of the peninsula. The terrain is flat, steppe. The economy is dominated by the agrarian complex - viticulture and horticulture are developed. The main population is Russians, Ukrainians, Crimean Tatars and Belarusians.
The Nizhnegorsky region of Crimea also belongs to the eastern part of the peninsula. It is crossed by the famous North Crimean Canal. Thanks to him, various agricultural crops are grown here. There is also animal husbandry. The industry is represented by a large cannery for twisting fruits and vegetables. For lovers fishing and there is enough hunting suitable places. The area is also suitable for balneological recreation.
Leninsky district is located on Kerch Peninsula. In terms of area, this is the most large area Crimea. He goes to both Black and Seas of Azov. Highest value has resort activities. In summer, many vacationers from Russia and Ukraine come here. Vacation prices here are lower than in other Crimean resorts.
Regions of the central and northern part of Crimea
Pervomaisky region of Crimea is located in the flat part of the peninsula. The main occupation of the population is the cultivation of agricultural crops: grain, grapes, fruits, vegetables. There are more Ukrainians, which, apparently, is due to the proximity of the region to their ancestral lands. From other nationalities there are Russians, Crimean Tatars, Moldavians, Poles, Belarusians.
Krasnoperekopsky district of Crimea is located in the north of the peninsula, not far from the Crimean isthmus. There are 8 here salt lakes where salt is traditionally mined. Rice cultivation is quite developed in the region. There are also industrial enterprises - objects of the chemical and engineering industries.
Krasnogvardeisky district is located in the center of Crimea. The main part of the population are Russians. Farming and grain growing are developed here. There are a large number of agricultural enterprises, sports and educational facilities.
