Which regions have the most dangerous water. Where is the cleanest water in Russia and in the world
Former head of department of Mosvodokanal, now works as director of the technical policy department at the Russian Water Supply and Sanitation Association
- How, in fact, does water get into the tap of a Moscow apartment?
Simplified, the scheme can be described as follows: the Moscow water supply system has two sources of water supply. The first is Moskvoretsky, it includes the four largest reservoirs in the region. The second is the Volga spring, a cascade of six reservoirs. For example, it includes the Akulovskoye reservoir, the most closed in Moscow - it used to be called "Stalin's water canal".
From all these reservoirs, waterworks take water, turn it into drinking water and feed it into the network. There are five stations in the city: Western, Northern, Eastern, Rublevskaya and South-Western. The whole city is divided into sectors - zones of influence of these stations. Two of them, Eastern and Northern, are located on the Volga spring, the rest - on Moskvoretsky.
- Are they any different?
Yes, even inside Moscow the water is different. The Volga spring is different in that it is more susceptible to flowering, because it is a network of reservoirs - the water in it settles and begins to bloom at certain times of the year. Moskvoretsky has its own specifics - there are a lot of agricultural enterprises on the river that dump purified, and somewhere, maybe, untreated water. Therefore, the purification technology for the Volga spring differs from the purification technology for the Moskvoretskoye.
- Is it possible for a simple resident to see where the water comes from?
You are unlikely to find exact zoning, but you can just take a map of Moscow, find the location of all water stations and estimate by eye: the stations serve the surrounding areas. The center is mainly powered by Rublevskaya and Vostochnaya stations.
How does the transformation take place? river water into drinking water?
Stations take water by pumping stations directly from the river, after which several stages of purification take place: settling, filtration, treatment with reagents. The output is disinfection, the same chlorination that everyone is so afraid of. And there is no need to be afraid of it: the so-called residual chlorine content is extremely strictly dosed and never exceeds the norm. In addition, it will be much worse without it: pipes are closed systems, if they do not contain chlorine and the necessary flow rate is not maintained, secondary pollution will begin.
- But in any case, raw water from the tap in Moscow cannot be drunk?
How is it impossible? Yes, I drink tap water. Moreover, our sanitary norms and rules are much stricter than the requirements for drinking water in the European Union. It's just incomparably tougher. If you are so afraid of bleach, poured water into the kettle, it stood for a minute - everything, please cook on it. Chlorine is a volatile element. In Mosvodokanal there used to be a saying: “Friends! When drawing water from the tap, leave it open for a short time so that the bleach is weathered. In any case, I repeat: the water in Moscow is better than in the cities of Europe and America.
Water from SWAD, district Northern Butovo, recruited in a 16-storey panel house built in 2001. According to the study, all indicators are within the normal range.
Photo: Sasha Karelina
It turns out that it doesn't matter if I live in Kapotnya or on Rublevsky Highway, the water should be the same? But in fact this is not the case - what does it depend on?
Water supply is arranged according to the following principle: there are main pipelines, and there are intra-quarter ones. That is, up to a certain point, water quality is the responsibility of Mosvodokanal, and then it is the responsibility of operating housing organizations. Therefore, if the pipes are old, flow, overgrow, the water is bad - these are already claims not to the water utility, but to the city authorities and the housing office. For example, my district is not the newest, so I always drain cold water for about a minute - until the water comes out not from the riser, but from the main pipeline. And when you feel that the water has become icy - it should be about four degrees - that's it, drink to your health.
Water from the South Administrative District, Biryulyovo Zapadnoye district, was collected in a 12-storey panel building built in 1973. According to the study, all indicators are within the normal range.
Photo: Sasha Karelina
- Does it affect something in the body?
No. If the norms are observed, then it is not dangerous for health.
I do not have such statistics. In fact, everywhere the water is different. Petersburg, for example, the water is soft. Take Kalmykia, where the springs are saline, so salty water flows from the tap. Moreover, this is completely imperceptible to the residents, they are used to it, and when you drink it for the first time, you understand that it is salt water. And there, of course, they are struggling with this, because excessively salty water is stones in the kidneys and liver. The main local disease is urolithiasis. Most of the cities of the Moscow region sit on wells, and underground wells often have elevated iron. Have you noticed that in the Moscow region you sometimes open a tap, and rusty water comes out? Or have you seen red streaks on plumbing?
- That is, it turns out that the norms are still not observed everywhere in the country?
Yes. More precisely, the indicators may fall within the upper limit of the norm, but at the same time, the water will differ in taste and effect. But you can almost always do something with this, in the same suburbs, for example, iron removal stations are installed everywhere - this is a proven technology.
- Is it possible to cook food on hot water?
In no case. Temperature drinking water should be about four degrees - only then it will not develop any flora, bacteria and microorganisms. Hot water cannot be drunk. You can't cook with hot water. Besides, can you imagine what happens to the old teapot? The same thing happens in hot water pipes.
How do you feel about bottled water?
Great. Why not? I drink it and buy it, however, mainly for my mother.
- Is it significantly different from tap water?
How to tell you. Here at the Zelenograd water utility there are silver-plated wells from which bottled water is bottled. Father came, consecrated these wells - it turned out to be a brand of water that is now popular.
- And what is, from the point of view of a chemist, the holy water that is poured in churches?
Also, as a rule, just wells that are trimmed with silver.
- That is, the same tap water, just additionally purified?
Yes, or tap water, or from underground wells, which is accumulated and disinfected in silver containers. Listen, after our conversation I will be anathematized!
- And what parameters should be looked at first when studying water analysis?
I would not look at anything at all if all the indicators are normal. You see, there is a value, but there is a maximum allowable concentration, and a range of allowable values is always given - from and to. If the figure falls within this interval, respectively, the water is suitable for drinking. If you really want to find fault with something, I would pay attention to bacteriology - pathogenic bacteria should be completely absent.
- Is it possible to check the quality of water at home?
No. But as? Only household characteristics - transparency, taste, no smell. But you need to understand that water quality is guaranteed by law - “SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01. Drinking water". Every hour, 24 times a day, samples are taken at Mosvodokanal. This is actually a very tight control. In general, it is worth remembering: non-compliance with sanitary requirements is prosecuted by criminal law, so you don’t need to nightmare yourself once again.
How to understand test results
We collected samples of tap water from various autonomous regions Moscow, numbered the bottles and sent them to the Accredited main control and testing center for drinking water. You can look at the results for each district. The center examined the water in 20 parameters, all samples have indicators within the normal range, but differ significantly depending on the area. At our request, the specialists of the center explained how to read the main parameters.
Iron
An increased concentration of this metal makes water astringent and unsuitable for use - when washing, red stains will appear on linen, and rusty streaks on plumbing. A concentration of 0.3 mg/m3 is considered acceptable.
Hydrogen indicator
Everyone knows pH - a marker of water alkalinity. Distilled water has a pH of approximately 7, if there are chemicals in the water, this causes the pH to change. In strongly acidic waters it is less than 3, in acidic waters - 3-5, in neutral - 6.5-7.5, in slightly alkaline 7.5-8.5, in alkaline - 8.5-9.5, in strongly alkaline - more than 9.5 units.
Smell
Organic and mineral substances are dissolved in the composition of any water, therefore it cannot have no taste and smell. Another thing is that they are not always pronounced. The smell refers to the so-called organoleptic indicators - there are no instruments for measuring it, so the water is heated to 20 o C and 60 o C and with the help of experts the level is measured in points from 0 to 5. All samples earned 1 point: this means that there is a smell , but it is found only in a laboratory study.
Rigidity
The total content of calcium and magnesium in water. Therefore, hardness is calcium and magnesium, with calcium significantly predominating. This indicator is highest in sea waters. High hardness gives the water a bitter taste, causes the formation of scale in teapots.
The value of the total hardness in drinking water should not exceed 10 degrees, in Moscow the average is kept at 4 degrees.
Permanganate oxidizability
This term refers to the content of organic matter, whether it is the remains of soil, plants or particles of waste that have fallen into the water. At groundwater this indicator is much less than, for example, for surface ones.
chlorides
Almost all waters contain chloride ions, which is explained by the presence in many rocks of the most common salt on Earth - sodium chloride. The increased content of chlorides can be explained by the pollution of the reservoir from which water is taken; this indicator has nothing to do with chlorine directly.
General mineralization
The total quantitative measure of the content of substances dissolved in water, which are usually in the form of salts - therefore this parameter is also called the total salt content. Judging by the results of the study, all our samples belong to fresh water.
Where is the most pure water in Russia and in the world. Rating of dozens of world countries with the most best quality drinking water. Peculiarities environmental situation in countries affecting the state of the aquatic environment. List of Russian regions with the best drinking water quality and excellent environmental situation. Do you want to know where is the cleanest water in Russia and in the world? Then the information from our article will help you understand this issue.
The cleanest water in the world
According to studies, Switzerland is the leader in the ranking of water purity. Moreover, the assessment was carried out not on the basis of consumer reviews or personal taste preferences, but on the basis of the analyzes performed. The main indicators of the aquatic environment, namely the organoleptic properties of water, its chemical and microbiological composition, were subject to verification, it was also taken into account that the Swiss completely abandoned the use of pesticides, and they also use high-tech cleaning devices. In almost all respects, water in this country received the highest rating.
Sweden ranks second in the "cleanest water" ranking. Such a high quality of drinking liquid is explained by the respect for nature, the water protection measures used and the conservation of forests. That is why it can be argued that the water quality in this country is ideal, and emissions carbon dioxide into the air are kept to a minimum.
The cleanest drinking water is also in Norway, because in this country the quality surface water, from which water is taken for drinking needs of the population, is simply impeccable. An equally important role is played by high-quality water treatment facilities, as well as an effective multi-level wastewater treatment system. Moreover, electricity in this country is almost entirely produced by hydroelectric power plants, which allows you to keep clean environment.
Finland occupies the fourth position in the drinking water purity rating. And this is not surprising, because there are many crystal clear lakes in the country, the state takes care of their cleanliness. At the same time, the state has a large-scale program for the treatment of industrial and agricultural effluents, as well as the protection of the cleanliness of the coastal waters.
In fifth place is the country of Central America - Costa Rica, so when asked where the cleanest water is, it cannot be said that only in Europe. This quality of drinking water is the result of careful caring for nature, as well as the use of efficient treatment facilities. Waste water of any origin is subject to thorough multi-stage treatment.
The quality of drinking water in Australia is no less good. Here they not only take care of the cleanliness of natural reservoirs and use effective water protection measures, but also thoroughly clean any wastewater.
The next step in the drinking water quality rating was taken by New Zealand. However, they have yet to solve the problem of carbon dioxide emissions into the external environment. In addition, the protection of the purity of the sea area remains an equally urgent problem. It was these unresolved problems that did not allow them to take higher steps in the ranking.
At the tenth step of our rating there are several countries at once. These are Latvia, France and Colombia. They still have to solve a number of problems related to the protection of the environment and water basins. And perhaps then they will be able to take a more honorable place.
The cleanest water in Russia
Unfortunately, Russia is not among the top ten countries with the best drinking water quality. However, there are places in our country where the quality of drinking water is considered very good. These include the following regions of the Russian Federation:
- Altai region. This region is the cleanest, so the water quality is much better than in other parts of the country. The region is rightfully considered the “green pharmacy of Russia”. Pure mountain lakes, healing air - all this contributes to the high quality of drinking water. At the same time, the government cares about the ecology of the region, so the use of efficient treatment facilities is a prerequisite for any industrial and production activity.
- The protected regions of Karelia are also the part of the country that is lucky with the quality of drinking water. Not a small merit in this is the favorable ecological situation in the region. Of course, we are not talking about large industrial cities where the environmental situation leaves much to be desired.
- The Republic of Tyva is a region with healing mineral lakes, so the quality of drinking water here is at its best. It is difficult to say which water is the purest, but a direct relationship between the ecological situation in the region and the quality of drinking water can be easily traced. That is why this republic was included in the rating of places with high quality drinking water, because there are so many protected natural areas.
- Kabardino-Balkaria is another region in southern Russia where the quality of drinking water is very high. The region is rich mineral springs and clean healthy air.
- Buryatia is located in the center of Asia - a region with the cleanest waters and excellent ecology. This is due to the fact that about 16 percent of the Baikal coast is considered an ecological protected area. It is impossible to build industrial and economic facilities there. An excellent ecological situation in the region is facilitated by lush coniferous forests, parks and reserves.
If you want to know the quality of drinking water in your region, you can order a comprehensive analysis of the aquatic environment in our laboratory. To do this, you just need to contact us at the phone numbers indicated on the website and clarify the cost of the check with our manager.
Do you drink tap water safely? Do you swim in local waters with a light heart? Do you eat freshly caught river fish with an appetite?
To begin with, a small "water educational program".
Water is one of the most important elements necessary to sustain life on Earth. Our planet is called blue due to the fact that from space it looks exactly like this: 2/3 of the Earth's surface is water, 99% of which is oceans and only a small part is freshwater.
According to experts, water and its quality are one of the main factors that radically affect the quality of life. Of course, one can argue with this, because water seems to be a trifle, here is a penthouse, a leopard rug under your feet, a cool car - they affect the standard of living much more. But let's imagine for a moment what all this is worth if there is no water ...
Although it is a familiar component of everyday existence for us, which always flows from the tap in abundance, it is bottled in pharmacies and stores, despite the underestimation - water is the blood flow supporting the pulse of the Earth.
About 2 billion people, that is, a third of the world's population, suffer from diseases acquired as a result of the use of polluted water.
And then there is Africa, Ethiopia, Indonesia, etc., where water is either almost non-existent or polluted ... And every drop of water there is worth its weight in gold, and even about innovations such as showers or sewerage, many locals and did not hear.
The food that a person eats is 90% water, he himself is 80% water, by old age (by the age after 60 years), with a decrease in metabolism, the “water composition” of a person decreases to 60%.
In general, water is everywhere, water is necessary for all living organisms. Human health is 80% dependent on water quality - according to scientists who conducted special studies.
Of course, if you use clean and compliant water, but live in an unfavorable area where the air is filled with toxic emissions, eat junk food, there will be little health benefit. Agree that a set of measures is needed. However, you can move to an area with the cleanest air, eat village products, but if you drink “bad” water, the effect of the first two steps will be less than just improving the quality of water. Water is our everything, together with everything else, of course.
How and what kind of water appears in the tap?
From the river water intake, through several stages of purification, water enters the city water supply system, or from an artesian well. The source of water is mainly freshwater reservoirs, rivers, reservoirs.
« How is the water intake on the river? Hydraulic jacks are laid on the bank, with the help of which the river bottom is pierced with steel pipes. Water, partially filtered by sand and clay, enters the water intake facility through pipes. Here, with the help of grids and gratings, large mechanical impurities are retained. Further, the water enters the treatment plants, passes through numerous filters, is freed from the remaining suspension, while moving rather slowly and undergoing chemical treatment before entering the settling tanks. Then the water passes through filters, while the treatment facilities are able to retain 99% of the bacteria contained in natural water, and the water is considered drinking. However, in each city or village, the degree of purification, despite the all-Russian standards, may be different. The season also matters - during the flood, when melting snow penetrates the water intakes, the water will be dirtier and the risk of catching any infection increases.
Water from artesian wells comes in a slightly different pattern. Conventionally, it can be considered cleaner, because in this case, water is raised from a depth of 100, or even more meters- at such a depth, it is sufficiently filtered by the soil and is less susceptible to environmental pollution. Iron removal stations are usually installed on artesian wells, which allow you to remove excess salts and metals from the water, the rest of the cleaning is carried out according to the plan already described.
Water in the reservoirs is replenished due to the action of the water cycle in nature, including the “harvest” of melt and rain. IN last years due to destocking fresh water specialists are trying to implement artificial extraction of fresh water.
« According to various estimates, the share of fresh water in the total amount of water on Earth is 2.5-3%.
About 85-90% of fresh water is in the form of ice .
In connection with the expanding pollution of water sources, population growth, and the development of new territories, the task of artificially obtaining fresh water arises. This is achieved by:
— desalination sea water, including solar desalination;
- condensation of water vapor from the air, using deep sea water;
– condensation of water vapor in daily cold accumulators, in particular - natural origin such as caves in coastal rocks» (Wikipedia)
In theory and in practice, all pollution, drain, waste, sewer water and other muck does not go anywhere forever, they remain on the planet, settle in a thick layer on the walls of reservoirs, wander with impurities in fresh water, in the end sometimes - in order to save money, wastewater is treated and re-entered into our faucet. If, nevertheless, part of the waste is able to transform quite noblely, becoming fertilizers, then there are chemical compounds that do not decompose into natural environment. They poison the entire ecosystem. Water affected by emissions from factories transmits the disease to the surrounding flora and fauna. And we, not only drink partially poisoned and insufficiently clean water (at times treated sewer), we also breathe emissions from enterprises, automobile exhausts.
In addition to all the delights of the water cycle in nature, we face an additional risk: if, after passing through the purification systems, city tap water can still be considered relatively clean, depending on the perfection of the equipment and the region, then after passing through pipes and all communications, it becomes “contaminated” by complete.
The urban system is something like a huge tubular web, no one cleans the pipes for decades, and no one will do it, as a result of the so-called "secondary pollution", the water comes to us charged with everything that steel tanks have accumulated in themselves. Rust, harmful impurities, construction debris, in case of violation of the insulation of sewer pipes - it is possible for sewage to enter the running water. Night water also contains an increase in the number of bacteria that accumulate as a result of fluid stagnation.
“Colonies of bacteria need stagnant water or at least its slow current to reproduce. Plus the opportunity to "settle" on a rough surface - well, they have it in rusty pipes - in order to grow and multiply. Chlorine, which is added to water at treatment plants, stays in it for quite a long time, but sooner or later it is consumed and simply ceases to act. That's when in the very center of the city there is a danger of picking up an infectious disease with tap water.
It is very dangerous if bacteria from the group coli and enteroviruses that infect gastrointestinal tract and the hepatitis virus. These micro-organisms enter water bodies where water is taken from, from city sewers; are washed away by rains and floods of rivers from fields that are fertilized with manure. In the water, pathogenic microflora begins to actively multiply, and the water has to be excessively chlorinated, especially during floods.
— O.V. Efremov, “Caution: the water we drink. Latest data, current research”
Cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, gastritis, duodenal ulcers, nephritis, hepatitis, metabolic disorders - all these diseases are often the result of drinking poor-quality water.
What water should be?
Pure. But since in the majority we are not free to influence the process of its purification ourselves, guided by our own standards, there are basic norms for all. In the normative document San-PiN 2.1.4.559-96 "Drinking clean water", the indicators of clean water are divided into four groups: epidemic, radiological, chemical, organoleptic.
“That is, we are talking about bacteriological safety, the absence of extraneous taste and smell, radiation that does not exceed the natural level, as well as the absence of chemically dangerous impurities.
According to these current standards and norms, high quality drinking water is:
water with appropriate organoleptic characteristics - transparent, odorless and with a pleasant taste;
water with pH = 7–7.5 and hardness not higher than 7 mmol/l;
water, in which the total amount of useful minerals is not more than 1 g / l;
water in which harmful chemical impurities either make up tenths to hundredths of their MPC, or are completely absent (that is, their concentrations are so small that they are beyond their determination by modern analytical methods);
water in which there are practically no pathogenic bacteria and viruses
At the same time, in Russia as a whole, every fourth sample of drinking water does not meet the hygienic requirements for sanitary and chemical ones, and every ninth one - according to the bacteriological indicators of the current standards.
— O.V. Efremov, “Caution: the water we drink. Latest data, current research”
Chlorine used to disinfect water (depending on water quality and infection status) locality- saturation with chlorine can be increased 6 times compared to the usual dose) will not save you from some pathogens, in addition - with frequent use of such water, the risk of cancer, premature aging increases, cardiovascular disease, dysbacteriosis. In general, chlorine is both a disinfectant and a poison.
“Chlorine is mutagenic and can cause infertility in men. Chlorinated water when washing the floor is absorbed through the skin (albeit a little, but we wash the floor often), and a little bit of chlorine gets into the air. Studies have found that frequent visits to the pool, where chlorine vapors are above the water, is tantamount to systematic smoking. The lungs are damaged, like a heavy smoker. Taking a bath with chlorinated water in terms of effects on the body is equal to ten liters of chlorinated water taken orally.
But that's not all. The danger is not limited to the fact that we drink water that has been treated with chlorine. Water must be purified not only for drinking, but also for domestic use.
According to SanPiN, the concentration of chlorine in tap water after disinfection is not dangerous for a healthy person. But! Only for healthy! Are there many healthy people in our country now?”
— O.V. Efremov
In general, you should not overdo it with Domestos for business purposes. But what about showering and bathing? There are special filters that are easily installed in the elements of the plumbing system and purify water from impurities, chlorine, etc. It’s just that, unfortunately, very often people begin to think about the seriousness of the problem and how to solve it when all the seriousness is already on the face, and in advance - many do not want to think. The sooner you install high-quality filters, the more health potential will remain unspent. Although there is a point that you can make a business out of any fear. So dirty water and the fear of getting infected with something from its use are no exception. Variations of filters and "pseudo-filters" are now countless. Some, in addition to the banal sale of the product, are promoting an entire ideology to create a society where there is only clean water. Filters, water ionizers still worth choosing really and efficiently acting.
About how scammers deceive people by offering them dubious water filters
The method of water purification can be sorption, mechanical, ion-exchange.
How to choose a filter. Some tips in the video review
Regions with the cleanest and dirtiest water
“The most unfavorable in terms of the quality of tap water are the Northern, Far Eastern and Kaliningrad regions. According to the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision, the very low quality of drinking water in Buryatia, Dagestan, Kalmykia, Primorsky Krai, Arkhangelsk, Kaliningrad, Tomsk, Omsk, Kemerovo, Kurgan, Kaluga, Saratov and Yaroslavl regions. In Kalmykia, Karelia and Karachay-Cherkessia, more than 70% of water samples do not meet sanitary standards and norms. The tap water of Yekaterinburg is recognized by experts as "technical", that is, not suitable for drinking and cooking.
According to experts from the Research Institute of Human Ecology, the most polluted tap water is in the northern and northwestern regions of Russia, since a significant number of various chemical and oil refineries are concentrated there.
According to the Moskompriroda, the water in the Moskva River belongs to pollution classes 4–6 (from polluted to very dirty). Moreover, over the past 12 years, the amount of sulfates that enter the Oka from wastewater from Moscow enterprises has increased 4 times, chlorides - 1.5 times. The content of iron, copper, nitrite nitrogen, phenol in water has greatly increased.
As a result of studies in nine cities of the Siberian region, it was found that the impact of polluted water on morbidity ranges from 7.7 to 41%. Every year the number of epidemic outbreaks of acute intestinal infectious diseases that are caused by transmission of infection through water"
— O.V. Efremov, “Caution: the water we drink. Latest data, current research”
Of the natural reservoirs, the cleanest are: lakes Baikal, Ladonezhskoye, Onega, Taimyr, Khanka, Chany (West Siberian region), Teletskoye (Altai Territory), Svetloyar, Seliger (Tver region), lakes of Karelia.
Most clean rivers- small - in Siberia and on Far East. The dirtiest are Tom, Oka, Lena, Irtysh, Yenisei, Ob, Volga.
What are you proud of?
“Russia in terms of surface water resources ranks leading place in the world. Only in unique lake Baikal contains about 20% of the world's fresh lake water reserves and more than 80% of Russia's reserves. With a total volume of 23.6 thousand km³, about 60 km³ of rare natural water is reproduced in the lake annually. (Wikipedia)
Baikal is generally a separate reason for pride , besides being the deepest and clear lake world, it is also a huge reservoir of fresh water.
It was a discovery for me how important good water is for flowers, or at least settled water. There was a period when I watered indoor plants with tap water - and they all started to get sick, the reason was not obvious. When I began to defend the water before watering - they appearance improved significantly. This is flowers. And what can we say about a person?
Summarizing. What can be done in a situation with "bad" water? In Africa, and such, even a liter of such water, there is a shortage ... Yes, and in villages where there is no running water - too. Do not wash the pipes now in some miraculous way from the inside. You can, of course, create innovative fantastic equipment that tests the inner surface of pipes from the inside and removes them in case of contamination. But the problem is not only secondary pollution… You can't change the whole system.
You can stock up on bottles of water extracted from a clean artesian well (water must be obtained from a well located at least 50 km away from the city and packaged there), you can put additional filters on taps, you can separately filter water in special tanks. So the problem is more solvable.
With the approach of summer, we increasingly dream of plunging into cool and clean water. True, not always accessible beaches delight with impeccable cleanliness. There are, however, places on Earth where the water is really transparent and practically untouched by civilization.
In today's top ten, we have collected cleanest waters in the world. Yes, not all of them are suitable for swimming, but enjoying the contemplation of the bottom through the 40-meter water column is a special pleasure.
This crater lake famous clean water and deep blue. The lake was formed over 7,700 years ago. One of the attractions of Crater is a huge log that has been floating vertically over the entire surface for more than a hundred years.
9. Buck Buck Beach (Borneo Island)
The water here is so clear that you can see every blade of algae that covers huge boulders. This beach is not popular among tourists because entry into the water is very inconvenient. It was this circumstance that made it possible to keep the water crystal clear.
8. Lake Mashu (Japan)
The body of water in the Akan National Park is considered one of the cleanest in the world. The lake is located at the foot of the mountain of the same name. The transparency of the water here is amazing - it reaches more than meters. In order for tourists to appreciate the local beauty, several viewing platforms are equipped for them above the water.
7Flooded Red Stone Cave (Australia)
Tourists love to visit this place, looking at the smallest pebbles at the bottom of a rather deep lake for hours. The transparency of the water is somewhat reduced by slight ripples due to a nearby waterfall.
6 Peyto Lake (Canada)
The purest lake located in national park Banff, was formed as a result of the melting of the glacier at an altitude of 1860 meters. One of the "highlights" of the lake is the tropical turquoise color of the water.
5. Lake Baikal (Russia)
can boast of extraordinary clear water. In some places you can see the bottom, located at a depth of more than meters. Special purity of Baikal water is reached in spring.
4. Lake of Five Flowers (China)
An unusual lake is located in Sichuan province. The bottom of the lake is covered with trunks of fallen trees, which can be seen in every detail, thanks to the crystal clear water. The lake is fed by underground springs, the warmth of which does not allow it to freeze even in harsh winters.
3. Jenny Lake (Wyoming, USA)
The reservoir was formed about a thousand years ago in the process of melting glaciers. By the way, the lake got its name from an Indian girl who married the British pioneer Richard Lee.
2. Rio Sucuri (Brazil)
This river is so clean and transparent that it creates the illusion that fish floating in the water are fluttering in the air. Together with the banks covered with lush greenery, the Sukuri River creates a very picturesque landscape that attracts tourists. One of the most popular activities on Sukuri is snorkelling.
1. Lake Königssee (Germany)
This one of the world's cleanest reservoirs formed as a result of melting glaciers. Only boats with electric motors, rowing boats and pedal catamarans are allowed to move around the lake. In the very middle of the lake you can hear an unusually clear and clear echo, which is facilitated by the surrounding mountains.
1. Maldives.
The Maldives is a favorite destination for tourists from all over the world. There are a lot of reasons for this here: this is the sun, and the sea, and beautiful islands. The water here is so clear that being in a boat, you can see your shadow on the bottom of the sea.
2. Australia.
The water in this red stone cave is surprisingly clear. The only thing that distorts the view of the bottom is a slight ripple formed by a nearby waterfall.
3. Lake of five colors, China.
This lake is located in the Jiuzhaigou Valley in the northern Chinese province Sichuan. The lake of five colors is famous for its bottom, covered with a carpet of ancient trees, covered with a layer of clear water.
4. Sardinia.
Another popular place among tourists, you don’t even need to describe anything here, just look at the photo. The second largest island in the Mediterranean, Sardinia is home to some of the rarest animal and fish species.
5. Lake Crater.
Located in Oregon, Crater Lake was formed by an explosion ancient volcano about 7 thousand years ago.
6. Piccaninnie Ponds, Australia.
These ponds are a real nature reserve located in South Australia. You can dive into the water here only after obtaining a special permit, but it's worth it.
7. Lake Mashu.
Officially, this is one of the most transparent lakes in the world, which got its name from the mountain of the same name, at the foot of which it is located. The transparency of the water here reaches 41.6 meters.
8. Lake Sheosar, Pakistan.
Located in the northern part of Pakistan, it is natural lake so perfect that you might think it is the work of man. Surrounded by mountains, with animals walking along its banks, Lake Sheosar is deservedly considered one of the picturesque places planets.
10. Lake Baikal.
In addition to its purity, Lake Baikal is known as the most deep lake in the world. The world's second contender for this title, Lake Tanganyika, is behind the leader by as much as 200 meters. Spring transparency Baikal water is as much as 40 meters.
Where is the cleanest water in the world?
So, in the first place is the country of watches, chocolate and banks - Switzerland. If you go through the main eight parameters, then Switzerland will score maximum amount points.
In second place are the Swedes. The point is that residents Scandinavian country with special trembling relate to nature, they protect their forests and reservoirs. In addition, Sweden has almost perfect drinking water and minimizes carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere.
In third place again Scandinavians. Norway has an excellent quality of surface sources of drinking water and high-level wastewater treatment methods. And about 98% of the electricity here is generated by hydroelectric power plants.
The fourth place in our rating belongs to another neighboring Scandinavian country - Finland. And this is quite natural - the Finns are rightfully proud of their numerous cleanest lakes, they protect them and love them very much. The quality of drinking water is beyond praise. The government pays a lot of attention to the treatment of agricultural technical waste and care for the waters of the country's marine area.
However, let's leave the old Europe and move to Central America. Costa Rica closes the top five countries that can rightly be proud of their water resources and attitude towards them. In this small but very beautiful country Almost all industrial, agricultural and domestic wastewater undergoes mandatory treatment. However, experts noted that Costa Rica still needs to improve its relationship with marine waters.
In sixth place is Austria, in this country they pay attention to both the quality of drinking water and wastewater. Things are not bad at all with agriculture and the protection of water resources, but Austria did not manage to get into the top five.
New Zealand is working diligently to reduce carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere and diligently protect the sea, but sewage treatment, air quality and drinking water treatment leave much to be desired.
The top ten is closed by Latvia, which was recommended to be more attentive to its marine resources, Colombia, which practically does not discharge untreated industrial and agricultural effluents, and France. This country came in tenth place, as it does not pay enough attention to the protection of water resources and the creation of protected marine zones.
Which countries have the cleanest drinking water?
In 2003, UN experts published a report on the results of a survey of drinking water quality in 122 countries around the world. The cleanest water is in Finland. It is followed by Canada, New Zealand, the UK and Japan. Russia is in seventh place. Oddly enough, Belgium is in last place in this indicator. Cleaner water is drunk even in India, Sudan and Rwanda.
Vienna water is the cleanest city water in the world
Do you know that in Vienna in order to drink natural water from a mountain spring, it is enough just to turn on the tap? And this is exactly so. From springs in the mountains Styria and in the lower Austrian Alps, without any pumps, water under careful control reaches the capital of Austria in 36 hours. Perfectly pure water is one of the factors that make Vienna the best city in the world to live in.
Two high-altitude aqueducts deliver 400,000 cubic meters of spring water to Vienna every day. Along the way, this water also passes through hydroelectric power plants, giving 65 million kilowatt-hours of electricity - for small town enough. Vienna is so proud of its drinking water that put it under the protection of the constitution - the first in the world.
Mountain water pipelines left without work water tower in the Favoriten area: it is no longer connected to the city water supply, but remains a notable architectural monument. "Industrial historicism" style is unusual and the tower is definitely worth a look. Moreover, around this tower there is a unique water park Wasserturm with many streams and waterfalls, bridges and ponds. Well, just rest in its purest form!
Sources: www.bugaga.ru, www.waterexpert.ru, www.pyramidweb.ru, luxlux.net, venagid.ru
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