Lake nero name. From the history of the lake .... Ecological situation: the transformation of the great lake into the great swamp
It is known that earlier all cities were built near the water. It could be oceans, and rivers, and small reservoirs. The main thing is that water is food, a natural defense against attacks and a way to communicate with trading partners. Lake Nero in Rostov can be considered natural phenomenon, thanks to which the city of Rostov the Great appeared. It was it that at one time influenced how majestic the city became.
From the history of the lake...
People began to live here about 6000 years ago. In the 7th-9th centuries, along the shores surrounding Lake Nero, one of the Ugro-Finnish tribes, the Merya, lived. It gave the lake the name Nero (silty, swampy) and another one - Kaovo (habitat for seagulls). In 862, the city of Rostov the Great was mentioned for the first time in the chronicle. And since that time, the reservoir on which it was founded was often called Rostov Lake. Until the 18th century, the Rostov fishing settlement was obliged to supply tench, pike, perch and dams to the royal table, and only the suburban fishermen could fish with nets. The rest were allowed to use only a fishing rod.
The official owner of this fresh sea» Rostov Veliky became a city only in 1917. Prior to that, it was owned by various landowners, the State Treasury, and then by peasants from the coastal villages of Porechie-Rybnoe and Ugodichi. Ugodichi residents were monopolists in the transportation of people and goods across Lake Rostov on "somins" - large boats with oars and sails. The steamboat appeared here only in 1883.
The lands along the banks have always been very fertile, so not only fishing, but also gardening was a very profitable business here. The Rostov onion family has always been especially valued.
2.
Flooded pontoon on the lake
- This body of water is already 500,000 years old. It was finally formed 60,000 years ago under the action of a receding glacier. Then its area was about 25 times larger.
- Now it is the largest lake in the Yaroslavl region, measuring 12 by 8 km, with an area of 54 sq. km and with 48 km of coastline.
- The average depth is 1 meter, the largest is 4m, at its bottom there are deposits of silt up to 20m thick.
- Lake Nero in Rostov is flowing, fed by 8 rivers with names in the language of the Merya people who once lived here: Sarah, Ishnya, Varus ... It follows powerful river Veksa, which then merges with the river mouth into Kotorosl and flows into the Volga.
- There are four large bays (Makarikha, Bateevo, Klyuchi, Varus) and two big islands– Forest and City. The city island lies on a stone monolith 20m high, once brought by a glacier.
- Legends are kept in the city that Lake Rostov keeps rich treasures left by local residents during the Tatar-Mongol invasion at its bottom.
- On the lake and now they catch fish - bream, perch, pike, pike perch, ide, rudd, roach.
- Lake Nero is a quiet and ecologically clean place, since industry has never been particularly developed here, and in last years almost disappeared, which had a very good effect on the number of fish. No wonder these places are included in Golden ring Russia.
- From the lake open great views to Rostov the Great - to the Kremlin, Abraham and Dimitriev monasteries. One of the most popular movies was filmed in the Rostov Kremlin Soviet films- "Ivan Vasilyevich is changing his profession."
3.
View of Rostov the Great
Information for tourists:
A trip on one of the two sightseeing boats costs 150 rubles if there is a group of 10 people. You can also take a boat ride, but it will cost more.
How to get there:
From Moscow to Rostov 219 km Yaroslavl highway, about three hours by car. By train Moscow - Yaroslavl: 2.5 hours.
Lake Nero is a corner of pristine nature in Yaroslavl region. The place is surprisingly not very “promoted” yet, and you can often meet people, even those who live relatively close, who have never heard of this place.
The lake is the pearl of a small provincial town with the sonorous name of Rostov the Great, which has practically preserved the old Russian way of life. Together with the Rostov Kremlin, which is worthy of special attention in itself, Lake Nero offers a great excuse to get out to these parts for a weekend, and maybe even a short vacation.
The unusual name of the lake is associated with a traveler dumbfounded with delight, who first came here. There are legends that he searched for Rostov for a long time and in vain, but when he unexpectedly found himself on the shore and saw all the splendor of the surrounding landscape, he could only cry out: “This is not Ro ...” (meaning that this is not Rostov).
The lake can be safely called the oldest. According to the most conservative estimates, he is no less than 500 thousand years old. The spirit of all past times and historical ups and downs has left its mark on the atmosphere in which you are immersed, being near the lake.
The shores are located low and in the spring flood they are flooded from time to time.
The lake boasts even its own islands. The most famous are two: Lvov and Rozhdestvensky, the rest are nameless. Some of the islands were formed in the pre-glacial period. The lake maintains its water balance due to 17 small streams flowing into it. The lake itself feeds the Veksa River.
Fishing on Lake Nero
The bottom of the lake is covered with a huge layer of silt, which is always a favorable environment for a wide variety of vegetation and small plankton. Such a good "food base" is a sure sign that the lake is rich in fish. And indeed it is. lovers fishing this place is also appreciated for the fact that a good catch is provided all year round, and not only in a limited season. Pike perch, roach, pike and scavengers, large perches, roach, silver bream and other fish are caught in the lake. Often such specimens come across that one by one they cannot even be pulled out of the water. Experienced fishermen recommend fishing near Porechye (a small village on the banks of the Nero). If you are driving a car, then the bridge over the Saru River will be your guide. After turning left after the bridge, move along the river bank until it flows into the lake. Here is just the place with the best bite. In winter, cars are usually parked next to the Spaso-Yakovlevsky Monastery, then they go on foot.
Hunting
In addition to fishermen, these places are also interesting for hunters. In the untouched expanses around the lake, you can find waterfowl, hares, foxes, wild boars, deer and elks. From the boat you can hunt ducks. Autumn is famous for hunting capercaillie.
There are special reserves and hunting grounds. Local travel companies and recreation centers will help you organize such a hunt in accordance with all the rules. Accompanying rangers will share their knowledge of the area and the habits of the animals. Recreation centers usually provide all the necessary equipment for hunting (except for weapons).
Rest on Lake Nero
Rest near the lake is very simple and, perhaps, often much more real than, for example, luxury hotels. It is nice to swim here in the heat, play volleyball in good company, feed ducks with children or eat ice cream. Sit in silence, admiring the peaceful landscape to the distant sounds of bells.
A separate pleasure on Nero is water walks. Although the lake cannot be called deep, small boats move calmly across it. These are mainly pleasure boats and boats. From the water you can look at Rostov and its surroundings from completely different angles, listen to the guide's fascinating story about the history of these places and its legends. The choice of a water trip will be especially successful if you come for a short time and are limited in time.
Spaso-Yakovlevsky Monastery
On one of the shores of Lake Nero there is a monastery. The Orthodox monastery complex consists of three temples: Yakovlevskaya Church, Dimitrievsky and Zachatievsky Cathedrals. The monastery is open to the world: worship services are held here, the reception of pilgrims and guests, you can also get here with an excursion group.
Guest houses
Around the lake in recent years built good bases recreation and individual cottage settlements, which can be rented, for example, for the weekend. Infrastructure is usually organized on the territory of recreation centers: here they will help you with excursions, hunting and fishing, here you can visit a bathhouse or sauna, play on a sports or playground. Among the popular recreation centers on the lake, one can single out such places as Yaroslavna, Nero, Priozerny, Podozerka.
Rented cottages are usually designed for 4-6 people. The range of prices for such a vacation is also very large - from several thousand rubles for a simple house to several tens of thousands of rubles for a luxurious VIP-level cottage.
Lake Nero in Rostov the Great (video)
How to get to Lake Nero
The main landmark to get to the lake is Rostov the Great itself. You can get here as public transport as well as in your car.
Trains and trains to Rostov follow from, and other cities. The Alexandrov-Yaroslavl electric train always stops here (schedule).
In the same square, about railway station the city's bus station is located. Arriving here by bus or train, you can walk further around the city and to the lake (the city is quite small).
If you are driving, stay on the M8 (Kholmogory). It is convenient to combine a trip to the lake with a tour of the cities of the Golden Ring - all of them are within easy reach from here, within 70-140 km in total.
Lake Nero in early spring — Google panorama Maps
Lake Nero
There is a magnificent lake Nero in the Yaroslavl region, the air above which is filled with the spirit of old Russian history. This is one of the few lakes ice age in Central Russia, whose age, according to experts, is almost 500 thousand years. It is difficult to imagine what a vast territory the lake occupied half a million years ago - 750 square kilometers. This is the whole of today's lakeside basin! And now Lake Nero is the most big lake Yaroslavl region. Its water mirror is 54 square kilometers. And in this mirror, like a fabulous Kitezh-grad, for more than XI centuries the ancient Russian city of Rostov the Great has been reflected, ancient monasteries - monuments flaunt historical heritage world importance.
Numerous fairy tales, legends and legends are fanned by Lake Nero. There are several legends explaining its name. One of them is associated with the name of Ivan the Terrible. Allegedly, the tsar, angry with the Rostov residents, decided to take away the lake from them and attribute it to the village of Ugodichi, his patrimony. But when he dictated the decree to the deacon, he only had time to say: “From now on, consider the lake not Ro ...”, when he suddenly became speechless. According to another legend, these were enemy soldiers who came to Russian soil. They did not know that Rostov, destroyed by them to the ground, had risen from the ashes. And when the old warrior saw over the surface of the lake a beautiful city, he exclaimed in amazement: "This is not Ro ...", and fell into the lake, struck by an arrow. This is how the lake became known as Nero.
Although scientists give a more pragmatic justification for the name of the lake. Translated from Finno-Ugric, namely, these peoples were the first to settle on its shores, “nero” means muddy, swampy. Indeed, the lake has marshy, swampy shores and a muddy bottom. Deposits of bottom silt - sapropel go deep into almost 20 meters. Once deep lake with depths of up to 36 meters, it became completely shallow. Its average depth is slightly more than a meter. And only in some places it reaches 4 meters. And at the mouth of the Sara River, which flows into the lake with south side, the depth of wintering pits is about 7 meters. Sara is the largest tributary of the lake. In total, 17 rivers and streams flow into it. Only one river, the Veksa, originates from the lake.
Even though Nero is flowing lake, in summer it is almost completely overgrown with algae - "tarnava". But it still remains attractive to fishermen and lovers. water trips by boat or small boat. Amazing landscapes open up from the water. Numerous domes of temples, churches and monasteries seem to hover above the water, folding into a fabulous necklace. Those who wish can use the services sports club ultralight aviation "Polyara" and fly over the environs of Rostov the Great and Lake Nero on a hang glider.
Numerous tourist bases, rest houses, sanatoriums and hotels. Offers great places for hunting and fishing, sports and playgrounds, a Russian bathhouse and restaurants with Russian home cooking. At your service is the restaurant and tourist complex "Yaroslavna" on the very shore of the lake, hotel"Russian Compound", located in historic building 18th century in the very center of Rostov, the hotel "Pleshanov's Estate", the guest house "Princess Frog", the hotel "Ivan Tsarevich", the hotel "Moskovsky Trakt". Here you will get excellent conditions for recreation at any time of the year.
Our Earth is not a reddish desert Mars, or gray, pockmarked craters, Mercury, or some cloudy Venus. It is colored from outer space: white caps of ice sparkle, spots of deserts turn yellow, forests are marked with dark and light greens, but most of all blueness of water expanses. Water - its reserves on the planet are huge, but the share of fresh water does not exceed an insignificant 4 percent. Most of this precious fresh moisture is concentrated in lakes. You probably immediately thought: “How many lakes are there in our country?” Wikipedia answers clearly and quickly, like a model soldier to a strict commander. According to her, their number in Russia is more than two million. The number is incredible. And Lake Nero, which we are going to talk about, to find in these millions is like a grain of sand on the beach.
And what do we see?
And we see that the Russian land is rich in lakes. But if you think about it, the figure is wealth personifying, some kind of strange. And controversial. Look, friends, the main thing is not indicated - the selection criterion. What served as an assessment, how was it determined whether or not to take into account a particular lake? Relying on the occupied area? Then what value was taken for its lower limit?
And yes, it's kind of one-sided. After all, lakes can be ranked according to many other factors. For example, why not in depth? Or by age? It can be judged by the purity of the water. Beauty, finally. Different reference points will give different sequences and different numbers. And if you choose as a criterion the connection with the history of the country? Oh, then for sure, Lake Nero, from the Yaroslavl region, will not be lost among others.
Precious lake of Russia
In the North of Russia in the Yaroslavl region, at a distance of two hundred kilometers from Moscow, there is Rostov, Nero on the banks of which this glorious city flaunts - a shallow lake, the average depth of which is one to two meters. However, its dimensions match the depths - 13 by 8 km, with total area about 52 sq. km. Like many, it is flowing: it is fed by 8 rivers, the only seven-kilometer river Veksa flows out, which, merging with another river, gives rise to the tributary of the Volga Kotorosl. Around the forest - birches and fir trees.
Well, we figured out the geography, now about what it is famous for. Famous for its inextricable link with Rostov the Great, the pearl of Russian history and Russian architecture. The most beautiful Russian Kremlin on earth, adjacent to picturesque lake, offers the viewer fabulous views.
In a word - attention, painters! Dip your brushes in blue...
There are no two opinions - the main decoration of the landscape of Rostov the Great and the surrounding coastal villages is the views of Lake Nero. How wonderful it looks from its waters architectural masterpiece self-taught peasant "Poretskaya Tower" - a grandiose, with four tiers, the bell tower of the Porech Church, which is higher than the famous bell tower of Ivan the Great!
ABOUT ancient city, just bearing the title of "Great", now resemble the Rostov Kremlin with its chambers, the belfry with the peals of the giant bell "Sysoya", monastic buildings, and coastal ramparts near Lake Nero.
And here lives a fairy tale. Rostov Nero - this is where Pike, who made Emelya happy, lived, this lake is the birthplace of Ersh Ershovich, the hero of a satirical story of the 16th century, the one who competed with fish bream and chub.
Children and adults, who enthusiastically watched films about the daring merchant Sadko and the glorious Tsar Saltan, did not realize that the master of the film fairy tale Alexander Ptushko shot shots with white stone fortresses and churches not in Novgorod, but in Rostov Veliky.
Glaciers, lakes, Rus'
People have always sought to settle near the water. Moreover, our ancestors gave preference to the shores of lakes for the construction of fortresses, the construction of cities, the construction of monasteries. Fertile coastal lands, an abundance of fish in the lake, rivers flowing in and out that connected with neighbors ...
So, in ancient times, near Ilmen-Lake formed Velikiy Novgorod, the territory near Lake Pleshcheevo was occupied by the Principality of Pereyaslav, and the Principality of Rostov-Suzdal arose near Nero.
When and how did the lake appear?
Ten thousand years ago, a powerful ice crust covered Northern Europe, icy tongues crawled across our Russia to the south. But the time of the beginning of the Great Glaciation and its causes is one of the mysteries of the Earth. It is known that this process was not continuous.
Glaciers either disappeared with the advent of warm periods, then reappeared. Their melting gave rise to the current abundance of lakes on the Russian Plain. Their appearance and the surrounding landscape serve as a reminder of the harsh times of the Ice Age. The spill of melted glacial waters also created this Rostov lake.
Lake Nero as a store of information for one hundred and sixty thousand years
Each lake stores information about its past. To recognize him - far and near - a well was drilled on the banks of the Nero - a depth of 130 meters. The samples were studied by geographers of the Moscow State University.
It was a gigantic and lengthy work, but the results were impressive. Moscow State University scientists have determined that Lake Nero in Rostov is over 160,000 years old. They dated the epochs of warming and cooling, calculated what temperatures corresponded to them, what kind of flora grew on the coast at different times.
It is known that mineral and organic particles accumulate on the lake bottom. They contain information both about the reservoir itself, its depth, water quality, but also about the vegetation around it and even about local climate. This sedimentary layer grows from year to year. Having drilled its thickness, you get at your disposal a kind of data archive.
This is how we learned that 125 thousand years ago, around the Rostov Lake Nero, Christmas trees did not grow, but oak, linden, hornbeam forests stood around, and the temperature in summer was 2 degrees higher than today. The coming cooling changed the vegetation, bringing it closer to the tundra. But in the new warming, oaks and lindens reappeared and fluffy Christmas trees began to grow - it was no longer so warm.
Pollen of rye, buckwheat and flax was found in the bottom sediments corresponding to the period of the beginning of the settlement of these places by people. It became reliably known what crops the first settlers sowed.
Science takes the floor
And why do we need these processed data, obtained with such difficulty and by the efforts of many scientists? How to practically use them?
A precious gift of nature, without which life is unthinkable, water is a limited resource, far from unlimited. And its consumption is growing from year to year.
These facts are a real headache for humanity. The problem of reasonable use natural resources- a guarantee of the well-being of present and future generations of people.
Now, on powerful computers, it has become possible to simulate complex natural processes and predict their development in the future. But how to check the reliability of the received data? Scientists don't have a time machine. This is where paleoclimatic data are indispensable for testing climate models. The results of the calculations are compared with them and - there is an objective assessment of the forecast.
What kind of trouble threatens Lake Nero Yaroslavl region
The life cycle of a lake schematically consists of four stages:
- At first, the lake is clean, there is a lot of oxygen in its water, but few nutrients, and therefore few living organisms.
- Over time, it blossoms into life.
- Living organisms produce a lot of waste products that decompose by absorbing oxygen. Algae are growing with might and main - they themselves are powerful consumers of oxygen. All other life is gradually forced out, algae become the true owners of the reservoir.
- Shallowing and overgrowing, it gradually becomes a swamp.
It is clear that the change of stages takes millennia, and the speed of their progress is individual and depends on many factors. But there is no doubt that the sad fact that a person economic activity greatly speeds up this natural process.
Lake Nero, once deep and abundant in various fish, is close to turning into a swamp. Not without human participation, it began to rapidly become polluted, shallow and overgrown.
In the 19th century, they began to bring garbage into it, drain sewage, cut down the surrounding forests. In the 20th century, ecologists numbered a dozen enterprises that were serious sources of pollution. Porech cannery, coffee and chicory factory, flax and spinning factory, optical-mechanical and asphalt concrete plants and others…
Now no one swims in the yellowish-green lake. The city by the lake has actually become a city without a lake.
But the ban on swimming in it is still more likely to be connected with another misfortune of Lake Nero - almost all of its water area - 80% - is overgrown with algae, which are called "tarnava" in Rostov, average depth decreased to 80 centimeters, and the thickness of sediments at the bottom reached 40 meters. But back in 1883 it was quite navigable - then a steamboat began to sail on it.
Is saving the reservoir impossible?
Lake Nero map
Rescue of the lake at the bottom of it
We have already said that deposits of organic and mineral substances accumulate at the bottom of the lake. The longer the lake exists, the greater their thickness. Now every year adds 3.5 millimeters to them in Lake Nero. And this is a lot.
Time passes - millennia - and a kind of substance called sapropel is created from bottom sediments. Its color is determined by the combination of minerals present, it can be brown, olive, gray, black, bluish, reddish. The consistency of sapropel resembles thick sour cream.
This substance is truly remarkable - a biostimulant, therapeutic mud, raw material for chemical processing, feed additive and excellent fertilizer. The volume of this wealth on Lake Nero is estimated at 250 million cubic meters. Even its very name in the language of the first settlers - the Merya people - meant "swampy", "muddy".
If you start mining sapropel on an industrial scale, it will dramatically improve the health of the lake. A long time ago, the technology of its extraction was developed, calculations were made, experimental verification was carried out, but ... This was the end of the whole thing. It was the lack of money, the bureaucratic obstacles, the disagreements between departments that interfered.
IN Lately The public of Rostov the Great literally overwhelmed the regional authorities with appeals to save the lake, and in August 2014, the regulation on the “Natural Monument Lake Nero” was adopted and a new project for its rehabilitation began to be developed. But even here, not everything is going smoothly, Rostovites have serious doubts about its successful implementation and that the dying lake will be able to breathe life.
Lake Nero Yaroslavl region fishing - winter and summer
The shores of the lake are low and swampy, in dense growth of reeds and reeds, cattails and willows. And there are different fish in it - pike, perch, crucian carp, pike perch, tench, ruffs, roach. They catch it with a spinning rod - from a boat or in the channels between the reeds. But Porechye-Rybny has a special reputation. It is believed that in the lake near the mouth of the Sara River, fishing is always excellent - both in summer and in winter.
Fishing axiom - winter fishing is very good on this reservoir. Frosts come, and on the snow-white plain of Lake Nero there are placers of countless black dots - these are ice fishing lovers who come all over the Yaroslavl region patiently sitting above the tackle.
One of them says: “In the snowy areas - windows clear ice. I sit down at the edge of the reed beds near such a window. I start catching. I look at the underwater environment. A group in striped bathing suits swims to me first. The fishes freeze and look at the balancer in fascination, I, in turn, do not take my eyes off them. But the size of the potential prey is large for the striped ones, and the perch sailors are disappointed to go somewhere further.
I continue to sit, count the pitches, gradually sink into a drowsy nirvana. Suddenly, I feel someone begin to pull the bait out of my hands. I strain, but I do not force events. And now I see - the fish cuts circles around the hole. A moment and - victory will be ours! - the captured handsome perch of a good size is presented for public viewing.
Hundreds of the surrounding inhabitants of Lake Nero earned their living by fishing, they brought pikes, perches, breams, and crucians to the market of the Great City of Rostov and Moscow. During the time of Ivan the Terrible, fresh lake fish was supplied to the royal table, huge pikes were especially valued - a special pride of the Rostov lake. But in recent years, it has become scarce in fish, and the fish itself has been crushed.
There are still fishing tales about a 20-kilogram toothy robber-pike caught “quite recently”, or a perch of such a size that, no matter how hard they tried, they could not pull it out of the hole, but more often the real catch is 1–3 kilograms, and sometimes they themselves fishermen say about prey: "Less-palm roach for the joy of the cat."
And where there is a delicious smell of fresh river fish - there is a fragrant ear!
There are countless recipes, although it is prepared from the simplest products - fish, onions, potatoes, carrots ... Half an hour - and you're done, grab a spoon. And if it is cooked on a fire, with smoke - you won’t pull it by the ears! But Rostov has its own recipes for this popular Russian dish. The first is an ear with tomatoes, the other is the great Rostov ear. It is prepared exclusively on holidays, with special secret subtleties and always from several varieties of fish.
Although, no one can say how things will be with fishing and fish soup now. The recently adopted regulation on the “Nature Lake Nero Natural Monument” states that both commercial and sport fishing are prohibited on the Rostov lake. Therefore, on the shores of Lake Nero in the Yaroslavl region today, the fishing wish for good luck sounds somehow ambiguous: “No tail, no scales!”.
Glory to the Rostov gardens
Hundreds of thousands of years ago, at the end of the Stone Age, there was a global food crisis for the first time.
Mankind came out of it by inventing a wonderful thing - gardening. This useful work turned out to be so exciting that the Russians, our contemporaries, are still happily doing it on their haciendas. Although, perhaps they just saw a lot of things.
Yes. But let's get back to the vast lowlands around Lake Nero with the center in the city of Rostov. Gardening in these places was a truly phenomenal phenomenon. Specialists study it from different angles and from all sides, but we will say clearly and simply - they knew how, and Rostov residents know how to grow wonderful vegetables!
Since the 17th century, they have been known as masters of garden beds, skilled and hardworking. It is believed that Tsar Peter was aware of this when he sent several people of local specialists to Holland to improve in garden wisdom.
In the XVIII-XIX centuries, it was customary for skilled Rostov gardeners to go on vacation - that is, to work seasonally in Moscow, Riga, and St. Petersburg. It made good money.
So, once a Porech native named Abram Pykhov went to a foreign side. And the enterprising peasant succeeded. And, having gone out into the people, he bought a house and land in the Mother See. At that time, in Moscow, the fashion was such - to name streets by the names of wealthy homeowners living on it. Thus, in the capital, among a thousand different lanes, one with a Rostov trace was formed - Pykhov lane.
In St. Petersburg, in the years 1850-1870, everyone knew the famous Efim Grachev, who also came from Rostov gardeners. He grew a variety of vegetables - cucumbers, mushrooms, cabbage, radishes, watermelons and melons. His miracle vegetables plunged eyewitnesses into amazement. Harvest received on their beds - one to forty! He was awarded 62 medals at Russian and international exhibitions, was elected a member of the Academy of Agriculture in Paris.
They cultivated vegetables in twenty lakeside Rostov villages - in Porechye, Ugodichi, Vorzha, Sulost and others. Initially, cabbage, garlic, onions, and cucumbers were grown here for sale. In the first half of the 19th century, green peas, chicory, garden herbs and potatoes were added to them. And garden products went not only to the market, but also to processing.
By the end of the 19th century, canneries appeared here and the production of coffee from chicory, fragrant oils, dried green peas, sago and potato starch was in full swing. One potato was processed by as many as 25 county factories! In the village of Porechye, for 135 years, there has been a plant that preserves green peas - an indispensable component of the national Olivier salad.
And in our time, from the beginning of spring to mid-autumn, all Rostovites are in their gardens, and they still grow wonderful vegetables. The scale of gardening has become much smaller, but Rostovites still delight the capital and the Moscow region with their products.
The beds, as in the old days, are fertilized with bottom silt - fertile sapropel. As a result, the yields are no worse than before. And what varieties! What is the quality! Onion Rostov - 4 pieces per kilogram! - it is stored at home for almost two years, while it does not germinate and does not fade.
And the best cucumbers have always been in the village of Porechie. Cucumber craft - horse local residents for several hundred years now. In August, the villagers hold a traditional cheerful holiday "Green Cucumber" with a fair, competitions and treats with lightly salted cucumbers. In this village there is a gardener's museum - everything for the curious about Rostov gardens and vegetables, about how they dried, salted, fermented, marinated what they had grown, and in what utensils they were stored.
Secrets of the muddy lake Nero
There are many ambiguities and questions in the history of Rostov the Great, but now let's turn to its main riddle.
Here is a fundamental fact - the city was first mentioned in the annals in 862. The Tale of Bygone Years speaks of it as a settlement that has long existed. So, in fact, it arose even earlier than this date. But the trouble is that archaeologists do not find confirmation of this. Their materials allow us to trace the history of Rostov from the middle of the tenth century. But why is that?
Among others, the young Rostov local historian Mikhail Sudarushkin thought about this. He expressed one hypothesis, in connection with which the legend of Kitezh comes to mind.
There is such an old legend among the schismatics.
It says that a marvelous city stood on the shores of a bright lake, to which hordes of invaders unexpectedly approached. With greedy eyes they looked at the city of Kitezh, anticipating an early and rich prey. But suddenly the unexpected happened: right before their eyes, the city, together with the people who inhabited it, with elegant towers and chambers, white-stone churches and shining domes, quietly sank under the water ... And since then it has stood at the bottom of the lake, washed by bottom currents. Only occasionally, through the thickness of the waters, the ringing of its bells is heard, and sometimes its outlines are vaguely seen in the ripples of the waves.
And the essence of the hypothesis of Mikhail Sudarushkin is that Lake Nero, for some unclear reasons now, parted its shores and flooded the most ancient part of Rostov with its waters.
At the moment, there is no direct evidence - for this, of course, archaeologists need to excavate at the bottom of the lake. But so far this is unrealistic: what to do with forty meters of sapropel at the bottom?
Indirect evidence of this interesting assumption - yes, there is. Therefore, it cannot simply be dismissed, let's wait, maybe something will become clear soon in connection with the work to improve the reservoir.
And let's not forget, the discovery of Troy also began with just a hypothesis ...
Like any more or less decent lake, Rostov Nero has its own legends.
One of these legends is about countless treasures that are waiting in the wings at the bottom of the lake. What are the treasures there? Under what circumstances did they get there? Who hid them there? There are many variants of legends. Most often, we are talking about valuables hidden either during the Mongol-Tatar invasion, or in the time of troubles of troubled times. Most often, we are talking about the golden city gates, rich church utensils, forged chests with the city treasury, and precious weapons.
And the lake Nero of the Yaroslavl region supports and inflames the interest of treasure-hunters, throwing out from time to time, as if to confirm the legends, then curious objects of ancient use, then coins, then precious gizmos.
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Lake Nero is located in the Yaroslavl region, east of Rostov the Great. Beautiful landscapes of these places and the age of the reservoir turned Nero into a popular tourist facility. People come to the lake for recreation, water walks or fishing. Well, if you come to look at the Rostov Kremlin, it is impossible to pass by the lake.
Geography and history of Lake Nero
Square freshwater lake- approximately 52 km². The depth of Lake Nero does not exceed 3 meters, and it stretches 8 kilometers wide and 13 kilometers long. Lake Nero, according to scientists, is one of the few pre-glacial reservoirs in Russia.
The bottom of the lake is covered with a thick layer of sapropel silt, which has accumulated over the centuries. Lake silt is the most valuable organic fertilizer - it is not for nothing that Rostov gardeners have become famous throughout Russia.
Lake Nero on a winter evening.
In ancient times, the Merya tribe settled on these shores, giving the lake the name Nero. However, there are other opinions, according to which the word “nero” is translated as “water” or “marshland”. For example, in Greek "nero" (νερό) means "water".
The Meryans left behind tools and ceramics, later discovered by archaeologists. By the 9th century, the Meryans were replaced by the Slavs, who gave the lake the name "Rostov".
Christmas Island. View from the tower of the Spaso-Yakovlevsky Monastery.
There are several more islands on the lake, but they are much smaller, swampy and often hidden under water when its level rises.
Rozhdestvensky Island on Lake Nero is a very interesting place from a historical point of view. The basis of the island is a huge boulder, the remnant of a rock that towered over the lake even before the ice age. The remains of an ancient settlement were discovered on the island, many artifacts were found: arrowheads, shards and vessels, stone axes. Meryans revered this place as sacred.
A cross erected on the shore of Lake Nero in memory of the baptism of Rostovites by Prince Vladimir in 991.
Spaso-Yakovlevsky Monastery on the shore of Lake Nero.
There are many stories associated with Lake Nero. So, Peter I, after listening to the enthusiastic stories of those close to him, dreamed of building a Russian fleet here. But he saw the reservoir with his own eyes and was disappointed: in the very deep place the water column did not exceed the height of Peter himself. And the rest of the space was occupied by a layer of silt. Calling Nero a dirty puddle, the sovereign hastened to leave Rostov and Lake Pleshcheyevo became the cradle of the Russian fleet.
Rest on the lake
There are numerous recreation centers on the shores of the lake, which have offers for interesting leisure activities. In summer, you can hang-glider, have a picnic or sign up for horse riding. In hot weather, residents of Rostov Veliky rest on peculiar beaches Nero, although you can’t call them ideal. In winter, you can go kiting or snowmobiling.
Pointers "Passage to the lake" are found throughout Rostov.
One of the best places for recreation in Rostov - small private hotels on the shores of Lake Nero.
Despite the shallow depth, Nero is navigable. Therefore, one of the favorite entertainments of tourists is walking on pleasure boats or boats. While traveling along the lake, you can see Rostov from a different angle and admire its architecture. Excursions are organized from Rostov that will introduce you to fascinating legends, historical events and ancient settlements. Such a walk will the best option to explore the city if time is limited.
On such boats ride tourists on the lake.
Every year, smoke and fire shows are held on the lake, which are accompanied by concerts, fun competitions and historical reconstructions. For those wishing to visit the water show, local companies offer two-day excursions.
