What is the name of the deepest place on earth. The deepest place in the ocean and interesting facts about it
On the Internet, you can often find the question: “What is the deepest place in the world?”. To fans in general, and fans fascinating facts in the style of "" this post will be interesting.
deepest sea
It is authentically known that the deepest sea in the world is the Philippine Sea. Its depth reaches 10,994 ± 40 meters. Average depth equal to 4108 km.
deepest lake
Most deep lake in the world - this is Baikal, pride. Its depth is 1642 meters. This site has a whole article dedicated to this unique reservoir.
Be sure to find and read - you will not regret it. Let's just briefly say that Baikal is the largest natural reservoir on Earth. fresh water.
deepest ocean
If we talk about the deepest ocean, then this is the Pacific Ocean. His Nai great depth the same as in the Philippine Sea, i.e. 10,994 m. The average depth is 3,984 m.
Uniqueness Pacific Ocean It also consists in the fact that it is the largest in area. It is 178,684 million square kilometers.
The deepest depression
But what is the deepest place in the world? We have already talked about this in detail, and provided interesting photographs.
So, the deepest place in the world is this (or the Mariana Trench). Its depth is 10,994 m ± 40 m. And the deepest point Mariana Trench- Challenger Abyss. But for more on this, see the article itself.
An attentive reader must have noticed that the Philippine Sea, the Pacific Ocean, and the Mariana Trench have the same maximum depth.
Mariana Trench
Any high school student, when asked about the deepest place in the World Ocean, will answer without hesitation that the greatest depth is in the Mariana Trench or Mariana Trench and it is 11,022 meters. Meanwhile, such a seemingly simple question has a completely non-obvious answer. According to the latest data of scientists, firstly, the depth of the Mariana Trench is somewhat less, and secondly, the Mariana Trench is not the greatest depth of the ocean.
The deepest known on Earth geographical objects Until now, the Mariana Trench or the Mariana Trench was considered to be the deepest oceanic trench in the western Pacific Ocean.
Data on the depth of the Mariana Trench
On many Russian maps the value of 11,022 meters obtained by the Soviet oceanographic vessel Vityaz during the 1957 expedition is still given.
Although according to the latest data from 2009, when the American deep-sea vehicle Nereus, the instruments recorded a depth of 10,902 meters. To the surprise of scientists, in the very abyss they found organisms living there - sea cucumbers, belonging to the class of invertebrate animals such as echinoderms.
The Cayman Trench is even deeper
The Mariana Trench, at 10,902 meters deep, is not the deepest place in the world.
And today, researchers had to be even more surprised when they not only discovered another deepest place on Earth, but also unseen animals that live in it. British researchers using a remote-controlled small submarine discovered the deepest volcanic crater on our planet, according to Rosbalt. The top of the discovered crater is located at a depth of five kilometers below the surface caribbean, in the Cayman Trench area. Filming of James Cameron's sci-fi thriller The Abyss took place there.
The Cayman Trench in the Caribbean is the deepest place in the world.
For those of you who haven't seen this movie, let's take a look at the plot. The US Navy nuclear submarine Montana, carrying a nuclear weapon, crashes at great depths. The Ministry of the Navy is asking for help from specialists from an underwater research station operating near the site of the submarine accident. With the support of military intelligence, the researchers must find out possible cause tragedy and neutralize nuclear warheads. But under water, they discover strange creatures of extraterrestrial origin. And the director of the film, James Cameron, looked into the water. This abyss, indeed, was not lifeless.
According to an official report, the temperature of the water in this crater can reach 400 degrees Celsius, but the high pressure (500 times the atmospheric pressure of the planet) prevents the water from boiling. Despite such indicators, many species of animals are found in the volcanic crater. Scientists do not rule out that uncharted depths boiling waters can hide animals that man has never seen before.
Of the 5 existing oceans in the world, only the Pacific can boast of its size and depth. Its area extends from the Arctic to the Southern Oceans and is 169.2 million km².
It owns almost half (46%) of the world body of water. If we take the entire globe as 100%, then the Pacific Ocean owns 30% of the entire surface on the planet.
What is the deepest ocean? All the same Quiet! And only thanks to the Mariana Trench, which was formed, according to scientists, as a result of the collision of two oceanic plates. The depth of the Mariana Trench is impressive - 11035 meters!
It is noteworthy that the deepest point of the ocean is further sea level than highest point on the planet - Mount Everest above it.
5 water deserts of the world
Much on earth more water than sushi. People discovered continents and islands, but most of of the globe is hidden under water.
Whole Earth covered by the waters of five oceans: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic and Southern. The single water element of the oceans changes its properties as latitude changes.
As you can see from the table, the Pacific Ocean is considered the largest and deepest by right. "Challenger Abyss" is the deepest point of the Mariana Trench, its depth is 11035 meters.
The oceanic trench is called the Mariana Trench because of the islands of the same name located around it.
And the smallest ocean is the Arctic Ocean, whose area is 11 times smaller than the Pacific. But it ranks second after the Pacific in terms of the number of islands on it, one of which, Greenland, is the largest in the world.
Great and varied
Formerly the most deep ocean in the world they called it "Great", since it owns 50% of the surface of the world's oceans. It is located north and south of the equator, and it is at the equator that its width is maximum. That's why it's the warmest.
The Pacific Ocean affects almost all climatic zones, so here are different types flora and fauna.
The ocean does not correspond to its name, it is far from quiet. But this is not surprising, they could at one time call Greenland a green country, and Iceland an icy one.
In different parts of it, different winds blow, called trade winds, monsoons, hurricanes constantly sweep over its surface, and storms rage very often in the temperate part of the ocean. Waves reach 30 meters high, and raging typhoons can raise huge pillars of water.
Temperature regime the surface of the water varies greatly, in the north it can drop to -1˚С, and at the equator it can reach +29˚С.
In addition, more precipitation falls over the giant's surface than moisture evaporates, so the water in the ocean is less salty than usual.
Due to its location in many climatic zones, the world of flora and fauna here is very rich and diverse.
The diversity of nature gives rise to the incredible fertility of water masses: in different places researchers found large schools of fish - from salmon to herring. Pacific flotillas are famous for the industrial catch of horse mackerel, mackerel, butterfish, flounder, pollock and other species.
The abundance of fish is an important condition for the life of seabirds. Therefore, penguins, pelicans, cormorants and seagulls will always find something to profit from. There are also famous whales here, which can be recognized from afar by the huge fountains of water on the sea surface. Lots of seals and sea beavers.
Big variety and shellfish, crabs, squids, hedgehogs. The largest mollusk that lives only in the Pacific Ocean, tridacna, weighs about a quarter of a ton. A lot of sharks, huge tunas and sailboats live in it.
The ocean can boast of its mountain range. It was created for millions of years by living organisms and has such a height, only under water, as Ural Range. It is the largest on earth natural complex called Big barrier reef.
A variety of colors, different shades, in which coral colonies are painted, create for diving Magic world, ready to captivate anyone. These are bizarre castles, colorful floral arrangements, and mysterious mushrooms. The diversity of echinoderms, different breeds of crayfish, mollusks, and exotic fish is striking.
Fifty countries are located on the shores of the Pacific Ocean, the number of which is half the population of the Earth.
From time immemorial, the oceanic abyss has attracted the close attention of man, but only relatively recently has he been able to satisfy his curiosity by plunging to the bottom of the oceans. The Mariana Trench, often referred to as the Mariana Trench, is by far the most deep point on the planet.
Mariana Trench
1. Where is located?
This object has the following geographical coordinates: 11°21′ north latitude and 142°12′ east longitude. It got its name from the nearby archipelago. Mariana Islands(subject to US jurisdiction). The most deep depression the planet stretched along the islands for more than 1500 km.
2. What does it look like?
Visually, it looks like a V-shaped profile with rather steep slopes - within 7-9 °. The flat bottom of the basin, the width of which is within 1-5 km, is divided by separate ridges into separate zones.
3. What is the pressure at the bottom of the depression?
It should be noted that at the bottom the water pressure is more than 108.6 MPa, which is almost 1100 times higher than the normal atmospheric pressure on the surface.
The Mariana Trench is located between two tectonic plates, just where the Pacific Plate is gradually buckling under the Philippine Plate.
4. Fourth pole
Due to the lack of necessary technical means, for a long time it was inaccessible to human penetration. In this regard, she received the nickname "fourth pole". At the same time, in fairness, we note that the geographic poles are the North and South, and the geomorphological poles are Everest (Chomolungma) and the Mariana Trench.
Although the North and south pole together with were successfully conquered by man, it was this place that was inaccessible for a long time.
5. Depth measurement in 1951
1951 - The first depth data was obtained by the British research vessel Challenger. According to his measurements, it was a record 10863 meters.
6. Depth measurement in 1957
1957 - the Soviet research vessel Vityaz, during its 25th anniversary voyage, established the true depth of the Mariana Trench. The initial data showed a figure of 11034 meters, the final figure was a depth of 11022 meters.
7. How was the depth of the Mariana Trench measured?
So a big difference in the magnitude of the depth are explained by the presence of certain difficulties in the measurement.
It is well known that the speed of sound propagation in water directly depends on its properties and depth. In this regard, the acoustic properties at different depths are measured simultaneously by several special technical devices, namely, a barometer and a thermometer.
Focusing on the readings of these devices, the value of the final value determined by the echo sounder was amended by Soviet scientists.
8. Which is higher/deeper, Everest or Mariana Trench?
According to scientific research in 1995, the depth was 10920 meters. In 2009, this figure increased to 10,971 meters.
In view of this, the deepest point of this natural formation, which in the international scientific environment referred to as the Challenger Deep (Challenger Abyss) is much further from the surface of the oceans than Mount Everest rises above it.
9. First dive to the bottom
On January 23, 1960, US Navy Lieutenant Don Walsh, together with research scientist Jacques Picard, carried out the first dive in the history of mankind.
Especially for these purposes, they used the Trieste bathyscaphe, which was the development of the Swiss scientist Auguste Picard. The previous model of the world's first deep-sea submersible FNRS-2 was used as the basis for this device.
10. Where did the name bathyscaphe come from?
As the son of Auguste, Jacques Picard provided significant assistance to his father-designer.
The main work on the creation of a deep-sea bathyscaphe was carried out in Italian city on the shore Adriatic Sea in the city of Trieste. Hence the name of the device.
11. First dive "Trieste"
Trieste's first dive was successful in August 1953. Until the onset of 1957, the bathyscaphe repeatedly dived in the Mediterranean Sea.
Jacques Picard, together with his father, who at that time was 69 years old, was the pilot of the device.
During one of the regular dives, a record depth of 3150 meters was reached at that time.
12. What did the Trieste bathyscaphe look like?
As well as all subsequent models, the tryste bathyscaphe was visually a hermetically sealed special steel gondola, which had the shape of a sphere for the crew of the apparatus. The bathyscaphe was attached to a large float filled with gasoline in order to ensure the proper level of buoyancy.
At that time, the Trieste was distinguished by a revolutionary solution to an urgent problem in the event of a side swaying.
Having started diving at 16:22 CET, the bathyscaphe began to gradually sink into the oceanic abyss - all this time the daredevils observed a myriad of brightly glowing deep-sea fish.
13. Temperature at the bottom of the Mariana Trench
Jacques Piccard and John Walsh reached the deepest point in the world's oceans after 30 minutes - other sources say it took them more than 12 minutes. Explorers of the oceanic abyss were very cold - at the bottom the water temperature was a little over 2 ° Celsius.
14. What depth did Picard and Walsh record?
Special devices of the Trieste bathyscaphe recorded the depth of the fearless research - 11521 meters (according to, again, other data, the depth was 11022 meters). The corrected figure was considered to be 10918 meters.
15. Dive and ascent time
The whole procedure for submerging the bathyscaphe took more than 5 hours; it returned to the surface after 3 hours.
16. Life at the bottom
Scientists were sincerely surprised to find highly organized life at such ocean depths, where eternal darkness reigns. Through the windows, Picard and Walsh had the opportunity to observe flat fish hitherto unknown to science, which visually resembled a flounder and reached almost 30 cm in length.
17. Another important task
Together with the conquest of the deepest point of the World Ocean, scientists completed another important task - they had a direct impact on the decision of the leading world powers to abandon their intentions to bury radioactive waste at the bottom.
Jacques Picard scientifically proved that at a depth of more than 6000 meters there is no movement of ocean waters - otherwise, the fate of the world would be categorically different ...
18. Japanese probe "Kaiko"
On March 24, 1997, the Japanese deep-sea probe Kaiko sank to the bottom of the Mariana Trench and recorded a depth of 10,911.4 meters.
19. Nereus deep-sea vehicle
May 31, 2009 - The Nereus ROV reached the lowest point of the Mariana Trench. They recorded a depth of 10902 meters. Bathyscaphe filmed a video and took several photographs of the world bottom. Experimental samples of silt deposits at the bottom of this natural formation were also taken.
20. How Nereus was managed
In total, Nereus spent more than 10 hours at the bottom. By analogy with a helicopter, he now and then hung in the water column, controlled by pilots on board a research vessel.
The control was carried out by means of a special fiberglass cable, whose thickness did not exceed the thickness of a human hair. Cable protection was provided by a special plastic casing. Thus, the ship's crew had the opportunity to see everything that happened at the bottom online. Nereus brought soil samples to the surface.
21. Diving on the bathyscaphe Deepsea Challenger
James Cameron made a solo dive on 03/26/2012 and became the third person in history to reach the bottom of the deepest point on the planet and stay there for about two hours. During this time, video and photography were made, and samples were taken from the very bottom. The dive took place on a single bathyscaphe Deepsea Challenger below you can see the pictures.
The Mariana Trench is the deepest point in the oceans. Its depth is further from the level of the World Ocean than the top of Everest, the most high mountain on the ground. Only 5% of the world's oceans have been studied, which means that we still have a long way to go to its knowledge.
