Round houses of Fujian province. Chinese hitchhiking

The unusual administrative situation in Fujian Province is related to its geographical location. Extremely indented shores southeastern province Chinese People's Republic Fujian go to the Taiwan Strait, which separates it from the island - the territory of the Republic of China. Numerous islands stretch along the coast, the most famous of which are Pingtan (Haitan), the largest in the province, and Meizhou, where Tian-hou-gun Meizhou Zumiao is located ( main temple goddess Matsu, the patroness of Chinese sailors).
The Kinmen Archipelago is also located in the Taiwan Strait, but it is administered by the Republic of China and is administratively Kinmen County, Fujian Province, Republic of China. Since the archipelago is located relatively far from Taiwan (the width of the Taiwan Strait at this point is 180 km), the government of Taiwanese Fujian is located on Kinmen, in the village of Jincheng. The PRC states that Taiwan's Fujian is one of the counties of the Quanzhou City District of Fujian Province of the PRC, but does not take any action to establish such an order.
The relief of the province as a whole is mountainous, the ridges run parallel sea ​​coast. Most of the territory is located in the Minjiang River basin. This is the most big river Fujian, the most important water (and navigable) artery, in the lower reaches of which stands the capital of the province - the city of Fuzhou.
The inhabitants of Fujian speak of their homeland as follows: "Eight parts of the mountains, one part of the water and one part of the peasant fields." Several parts of the forest should also be added here: Fujian is the most forested province in China, the forest covers about two thirds of its territory.

Story

The history of the settlement of Fujian has deep roots: after all, in the VI millennium BC. e. people already lived here. It is known that in the III-II centuries. BC e. it was an area of ​​the state of Minyue, where representatives of five ethnic groups lived. The traditions and customs of the Minyue state were similar to those practiced by the indigenous people of Taiwan: they worshiped snakes, cut their hair short, covered their bodies with tattoos, built houses on stilts, and buried the dead in rock niches.
At the turn of our era, the state of Minyue was captured by the Han rulers. In the II century. n. e. The Han Dynasty fell, and from the next century the era of the Three Kingdoms began. By the 4th century Fujian began to be populated by influential Chinese families. True, due to the isolation of the region for a long time, the population remained relatively small, and from an economic point of view, the future province was seriously lagging behind.
Actually, modern name Fujian received during the reign of the Tang Dynasty in the 7th-9th centuries, which meant "Happy Foundation". Later Europeans used a distorted version of the name: Fukien (or Fokien).
After the history of Tang ended, the era of five dynasties and ten kingdoms began, accompanied by internecine strife. In such an environment, Fujian became an island of the world, though not for long: it was swallowed up by the Southern Tang kingdom.
After the prohibition of maritime trade was introduced in 1371 (this is how the emperors fought against pirates), mass migration of the population began. Its consequences are visible even today: almost a third of the Chinese living abroad are Fujianese.
The period of Fujian's decline lasted until the 19th century, when, under the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842, the ports of Xiamen and Fuzhou were opened in the province for foreign trade.
During the Second World War, the province was occupied by the Japanese, and after they were expelled, the Kuomintang army settled here. In 1949, the Kuomintang left Fujian and moved to Taiwan.
Big changes in the region began in 1980, after the announcement of the city of Xiamen as a special economic zone. In 1985, the entire province received this status.
Fujian is a province in southeast China. It was formed by combining the provinces of Fuzhou and Jianzhou, and the merger of parts of these names gave the name new province- Fujian. Agriculture remains the backbone of the economy; cultivated lands are located mainly on the coastal lowlands and in river valleys, and on mountain slopes- terraced fields.

Fujian Province belongs predominantly to the PRC, but is culturally close to the Republic of China.
The basis of the economy of Fujian Province is the production of electronics, agriculture, and assembly of automobiles. Agriculture is carried out on fertile coastal lowlands, in river valleys and on terraced slopes, and the local favorable climate allows two or three crops a year. But most importantly, Fujian is the main tea production area in China. An important role is played by the development of the richest deposits of various minerals - from gold and silver to kaolin.
Although Fujian and Taiwan are separated by the Taiwan Strait, the two regions share a similar traditional culture with a long history, which is why Fujian Province has special ties to Taiwan. When in the 17th century The Ming Dynasty was dying and was replaced by the Qing Dynasty, many Fujian people migrated to Taiwan. Among the 23 million inhabitants of Taiwan, 80% are from Fujian, in turn, more than 10 thousand Taiwanese live in Fujian.
Normal relations between the mainland province and the island have always been hampered by big politics: the PRC refuses to recognize Taiwan's independence. Due to its geographic proximity to Taiwan, Fujian has always been viewed by the PRC authorities as a strategic springboard for an attack on the island and a potential battlefield. For this reason, Fujian received less funds for development than other provinces of the PRC - until 1978. When did China begin to pursue a "policy open doors”, a flood of investments poured into the province. After the announcement of the official trade exchange between Fujian Province and Taiwan in 2001, for the first time in half a century, Taiwanese ships moored in the port of Xiamen. This event was the result of a decision approved by the government of Taiwan to establish direct trade, transport and postal links with Fujian Province - the so-called "three links". However, while Fujian is one of China's richest provinces, its GDP per capita is still one of the lowest among China's coastal regions.
The population of Fujian itself remains one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse among the Chinese provinces. Often, people living in Fujian at a distance of 10 km do not understand the language of their neighbors. The reasons for this are the mountainous nature of the relief of the province and numerous waves of emigration from various regions of China.
Fortunately, Fujian cherishes the sights and traditions that are reminiscent of ancient history provinces. Among them - ancient city China - Quanzhou, included in the UNESCO List of Protected Natural and Historical Areas of the World; Wuyishan Mountains, where the world-famous Chinese oolong tea is grown; one of the oldest Buddhist temples in China - Nanputo.

general information

Location: southeast of the People's Republic of China.

Province within the People's Republic of China (conditionally distinguished insular territories belonging to the unrecognized Republic of China).
Administrative division: 8 urban districts (Fuzhou, Longyan, Nanping, Ningde, Putian, Quanzhou, Sanming, Zhengzhou) and 1 sub-provincial city (Xiamen), 85 cu, 1107 townships.
Administrative center : Fuzhou (city district) - 7,200,000 people (2011).

Large cities (population by urban districts): Quanzhou - 8,128,530 people. (2010), Zhengzhou - 4,809,983 people. (2010), Xiamen (Amoy) - 3,531,347 people. (2010), Nanping - 2645549 people. (2010), Longyan - 2,559,545 people. (2010), Sanming - 2,503,388 people. (2010).

The most important seaports : Xiamen, Mawei.

Languages: Min, Hakka dialects, Gan.
Ethnic composition: han - 98%, she - 1%, hui - 0.3%, other - 0.7%.

Religions: Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism.

Currency unit: yuan.

Largest rivers: Minceyang, Jin, Jilong.

Major airports: international airports Fuzhou Changle, Xiamen Gaoqi, Quanzhou Jinjiang, Wuyishan, Longyan Guangzhishan.

Numbers

Population: 36,894,216
Population density: 303.9 people / km 2.

The most high point : Mount Huangganshan (Wuyishan Mountains, 2158 m).

Length coastline : 3324 km.

Number of islands: 1401.

Climate and weather

January average temperature: on the coast from +10 to +13°С, in the continental part from +5 to +8°С.
July average temperature: from +26 to +29°С.
Average annual rainfall: 1400-2000 mm.
Relative humidity: 70%.

Economy

GDP: $276.3 billion (2011), per capita $7,246 (2010)
Minerals: coal, iron ore, manganese ore, natural gas, gold, silver, lead, zinc, manganese, china clay, cement limestone, granite, alunite, pyrophyllite, sulfur, quartz sand.
Industry: petrochemical, instrument-making, radio-electronic, metallurgical, textile, production of building materials, energy.

Curious facts

• • · place

605.3 billion yuan (2004)

• 11th place

Geography

The area occupied by the province is 122,919 km².

Provincial cities

• Longyan (Longyan) - a city on the 319th route, at its intersection with the railway. More than 100 kilometers to Zhangzhou. The route to the west goes through beautiful mountains with bamboo thickets and rice fields.
• Minqing - small town on the Mingjiang River, 20 kilometers west of Fuzhou. Convenient for choosing from the city to the west as a landmark. It is located on Route 316, which crosses the river at this point. There is a railroad. south of the city an autobahn is being built, in 2003 it did not exist yet.
• Nanping is a major road junction in the center of the province. Almost 200 kilometers from Fuzhou. In fact, the intersection of the 205th and 316th routes and the intersection of railways.
• Ninde is a city on Route 104, 134 kilometers north of Fuzhou. East of the city autobahn passes. Near big bay with the islands.
• Pucheng is a town in the north of the province on the 205th highway. One of the first cities when entering the province along this route. 225 kilometers south to Nanping.
• Putian is a city on the coast, on Route 324, about 105 km from Fuzhou and 86 from Quanzhou. 10-15 kilometers to the sea. It is famous for the fact that the legendary Southern Shaolin Monastery was once located nearby.
• Sanming is a city in the center of the province, on the 205th highway. 120 kilometers to Nanping, 53 to Yong'an city. Now the autobahn is being pulled to the city.
• Xiamen - major port near Zhangzhou (approx. 70 km), population 1.2 million. It is located on an island, to which a dam leads from the mainland. Interesting colonial architecture. In the southern part of the city there is an ancient Buddhist temple Nanputo. Bank of China - on the beach, on Zhongsan Street. To the east, on the Gongyuan force is the PCB.
• Wuyishan is a city in the north of the province, away from federal highways. Tourist area, attractive because of the famous mountains of the same name.
• Fu'an - City on Route 104, about 220 km north of Fuzhou.
• Fuding is the first city on the way to Fujian from Zhejiang Province along Route 104. Approximately 300 kilometers from Fuzhou. There is a country road to the coast (47 kilometers).
• Jian'ou is a city on Route 205, 70 kilometers north of Nanping. There is a railway
• Quanzhou is a city on Route 324, 150 kilometers south of Fuzhou. Ancient chinese city, once about the same as Venice for Europe - that is, great port. Several ancient temples and great mosque 1009 (on Tumen-jie street).
• Chantin(Changting) is a small city on the border with Jiangxi Province. First locality when you enter the province along the 319 highway. It is located among the picturesque mountains covered with bamboo.
• Zhanping is a city away from the main highways, communication is mainly by rail. It is 70 kilometers to Longyang by country roads.
• Zhangzhou - Big City at the intersection of Routes 324 and 319, about 320 kilometers from Fuzhou along Route 324 federal highway. The autobahn goes right through the city. On the eastern edge is picturesque mountains with pagodas.
• Shaowu is the first major city on the way to the province from Nanchang along Route 316.
• Yong'an is a city in the center of the province on Route 205. There is a railway.
• Yunxiao is a settlement in the very south of the province, on the 324th highway, about 100 km from Zhangzhou. Railway under construction. To the east there are two peninsulas, which are 30 kilometers away by rural roads.

Administrative division

The province is divided into 8 urban districts and 1 sub-provincial city.

Map	№	Russian name	Chinese name	Pinyin	Status
	1	Fuzhou	福州市	Fuzhōu Shì	urban district
	2	Xiamen	厦门市	Xiamen Shì	Sub-provincial city
	3	Longyan	龙岩市	Longyan Shì	urban district
	4	Nanping	南平市	Nanping Shì	urban district
	5	Ningde	宁德市	Ningde Shi	urban district
	6	Putian	莆田市	Putián Shì	urban district
	7	Quanzhou	泉州市	Quánzhōu Shì	urban district
	8	sanming	三明市	Sanming Shì	urban district
	9	Zhangzhou	漳州市	Zhangzhu Shì	urban district

Economy

There was a time when the Chinese authorities considered the province of Fujian a springboard in the event of a war over Taiwan, whose independence the PRC is not going to put up with. It is clear that the Chinese authorities did not want to develop the economy of the future battlefield. But the time has come for "open doors", and Fujian - unexpectedly for itself - has become a gateway for trade with Taiwan, from which it is separated by the strait of the same name.

WEFUJIAN

Most of the province belongs to the PRC, but a few archipelagos have remained under Taiwanese control. And so it happened that two provinces of Fujian were formed in two Chinas.

The unusual administrative situation in Fujian province is related to its geographical location. The extremely indented shores of the southeastern province of the People's Republic of China, Fujian, go to the Taiwan Strait, which separates it from the island of Taiwan - the territory of the Republic of China. Numerous islands stretch along the coast, the most famous of which are Pingtan (Haitan), the largest in the province, and Meizhou, where Tian-hou-gun Meizhou Zu-miao (the main temple of the goddess Matsu, the patroness of Chinese sailors) is located.

The Kinmen Archipelago is also located in the Taiwan Strait, but it is administered by the Republic of China and is administratively Kinmen County, Fujian Province, Republic of China. Since the archipelago is located relatively far from Taiwan (the width of the Taiwan Strait at this point is 180 km), the government of Taiwanese Fujian is located on Kinmen, in the village of Jincheng. The PRC states that Taiwan's Fujian is one of the counties of the Quanzhou City District of Fujian Province of the PRC, but does not take any action to establish such an order.

The relief of the province is generally mountainous, the ridges run parallel to the sea coast. Most of the territory is located in the Minjiang River basin. This is the largest river in Fujian, the most important water (and navigable) artery, in the lower reaches of which stands the capital of the province - the city of Fuzhou.

The inhabitants of Fujian speak of their homeland as follows: "Eight parts of the mountains, one part of the water and one part of the peasant fields." Several parts of the forest should also be added here: Fujian is the most forested province in China, the forest covers about two thirds of its territory.

The history of the settlement of Fujian has deep roots: after all, in the VI millennium BC. e. people already lived here. It is known that in the III-II centuries. BC e. it was an area of ​​the state of Minyue, where representatives of five ethnic groups lived. The traditions and customs of the Minyue state were similar to those practiced by the indigenous people of Taiwan: they worshiped snakes, cut their hair short, covered their bodies with tattoos, built houses on stilts, and buried the dead in rock niches.

At the turn of our era, the state of Minyue was captured by the Han rulers. In the II century. n. e. The Han Dynasty fell, and from the next century the era of the Three Kingdoms began. By the 4th century Fujian began to be populated by influential Chinese families. True, due to the isolation of the region for a long time, the population remained relatively small, and from an economic point of view, the future province was seriously lagging behind.

Actually, Fujian received its modern name during the reign of the Tang dynasty in the 7th-9th centuries, which meant “Happy Foundation”. Later Europeans used a distorted version of the name: Fukien (or Fokien).

After the history of Tang ended, the era of five dynasties and ten kingdoms began, accompanied by internecine strife. In such an environment, Fujian became an island of the world, though not for long: it was swallowed up by the Southern Tang kingdom.

After the prohibition of maritime trade was introduced in 1371 (this is how the emperors fought against pirates), mass migration of the population began. Its consequences are visible even today: almost a third of the Chinese living abroad are Fujianese.

The period of Fujian's decline lasted until the 19th century, when, under the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842, the ports of Xiamen and Fuzhou were opened in the province for foreign trade.

During the Second World War, the province was occupied by the Japanese, and after they were expelled, the Kuomintang army settled here. In 1949, the Kuomintang left Fujian and moved to Taiwan.

Big changes in the region began in 1980, after the announcement of the city of Xiamen as a special economic zone. In 1985, the entire province received this status.

Fujian is a province in southeast China. It was formed through the union of the regions of Fuzhou and Jianzhou, and the frequent merger of these names gave the name of the new province - Fujian. Agriculture remains the backbone of the economy; cultivated lands are located mainly on the coastal lowlands and in river valleys, and on the mountain slopes - terraced fields.

THE LINE OF TWO IDEOS

Fujian Province belongs predominantly to the PRC, but is culturally close to the Republic of China.

The basis of the economy of Fujian Province is the production of electronics, agriculture, and assembly of automobiles. Agriculture is carried out on fertile coastal lowlands, in river valleys and on terraced slopes, and the local favorable climate allows two or three crops a year. But most importantly, Fujian is the main tea production area in China. An important role is played by the development of the richest deposits of various minerals - from gold and silver to kaolin.

Although Fujian and Taiwan are separated by the Taiwan Strait, the two regions share a similar traditional culture with a long history, which is why Fujian Province has special ties to Taiwan. When in the 17th century the Ming dynasty perished and was replaced by the Qing dynasty, many Fujian people migrated to Taiwan. Among the 23 million inhabitants of Taiwan, 80% are from Fujian, in turn, more than 10 thousand Taiwanese live in Fujian.

Normal relations between the mainland province and the island have always been hampered by big politics: the PRC refuses to recognize Taiwan's independence. Due to its geographic proximity to Taiwan, Fujian has always been viewed by the PRC authorities as a strategic springboard for an attack on the island and a potential battlefield. For this reason, Fujian received less development funds than other provinces in the PRC, until 1978. When China began to pursue an "open door policy", a flow of investment poured into the province. After the announcement of the official trade exchange between Fujian Province and Taiwan in 2001, for the first time in half a century, Taiwanese ships moored in the port of Xiamen. This event was the result of a decision approved by the government of Taiwan to establish direct trade, transport and postal links with Fujian Province - the so-called "three links". However, while Fujian is one of China's richest provinces, its GDP per capita is still one of the lowest among China's coastal regions.

The population of Fujian itself remains one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse among the Chinese provinces. Often, people living in Fujian at a distance of 10 km do not understand the language of their neighbors. The reasons for this are the mountainous nature of the relief of the province and numerous waves of emigration from various regions of China.

Fortunately, Fujian cherishes the sights and traditions that are reminiscent of the ancient history of the province. Among them - the ancient city of China - Quanzhou, included in the UNESCO List of Protected Natural and Historical Areas of the World; Wuyishan Mountains, where the world-famous Chinese oolong tea is grown; one of the oldest Buddhist temples in China - Nanputo.

CURIOUS FACTS

■ Every year, about 100,000 Taiwanese pilgrims come to Meizhou Island, where, according to legend, she was born and died in the 10th century. goddess Matsu.

■ Taiwan's Kinmen Archipelago, off the coast of Fujian Province, is famous for producing original heavy knives. They are made in a handicraft way from the remains of artillery shells and shells, accumulated in large numbers on the islands. This is a "legacy" of the Second World War, when American and allied troops fought the Japanese here, as well as from the time of artillery shelling of the islands by the PRC in the period 1958 to 1978. From one shell, local craftsmen make 60 butcher cleavers, which are in demand among chefs worldwide.

■ Fujian Province is known for being the home of the Snake Heads, an international gangster group that smuggles illegal migrants across the Pacific Ocean.

■ The city of Xiamen is the birthplace of the famous oolong tea. Oolong, or "foggy dragon", occupies a middle position between green and black tea. It is he who is used in the ceremony of "gun-fu-cha" - "the highest art of tea".

■ The diversity of languages ​​and cultures in Fujian Province is vividly illustrated by a local saying: “If you drive five kilometers in Fujian, you will stumble upon a different culture; if you drive ten kilometers, into another language.”

ATTRACTIONS

■ Fuzhou city: Gu-shan ("Mountain-drum") and Buddhist monastery, Ming Buddhist monastery Fahaisi, remains of the old city walls, Yongquan temple.
■ Cult: Nanputo Temple (Xiamen), Kaiyuan Temple (Quanzhou), Guanghua Temple (Putian), Nanshan Temple Complex (Zhengzhou).
■ Video

Located on the coast East China Sea and the Taiwan Strait for the most part in the Minjiang River basin. Area - 120 thousand square meters. km. Population - more than 34 million people (2005). The administrative center is Fuzhou. Other important cities: Nanping, Longyan, Sanming, Xiamen (Amoi), Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Yong'an.

Fuzhou. City gates.

The basis of the economy is agriculture, mainly agriculture. Sericulture. One of the main fishing areas in China.

Harvesting of camphor tree bark, lacquer fruit, bamboo. Extraction of iron and manganese ores, coal, aluminum raw materials, salt (from sea water).

Main industries: food, woodworking, textile, paper, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering. Traditional handicraft production (porcelain, lacquer, bamboo products, etc.).

Navigation on the Minjiang River; main river ports- Nanping and Fuzhou.

Main sea ​​port- Xiamen.

During the Tang Dynasty (7th-9th centuries), the territory of the province was called Fujian.

In the second half of the 17th century. the territory of Fujian became one of the areas of active popular resistance to the Manchu conquerors of China. At the end of the 17th century During the Manchu Qing Dynasty, Fujian Province was formed.

Xiamen. Gulangyu Island.

The region has many attractions that attract the attention of both domestic and international tourists. It is primarily one of ancient cities China - Quanzhou (included in the UNESCO List of Protected Natural and Historical Areas of the World), Wuyishan Mountains - the birthplace of the world famous Chinese oolong tea, Gulangyu Island, as well as one of the oldest Buddhist temples countries - Nanputo; ancient buddhist temple complexes Kaiyuan (in Quanzhou), Yongquan (in Fuzhou), Guanghua (in Putian) and Nanshan (in Zhangzhou). In addition, the province has a number of memorable places associated with the life and work of the philosopher Zhu Xi (Zhu-tzu) and commander Zheng Chenggong.

Fujian is a pleasant mountain and bamboo forests, banana plantations and relatively cheap retail bananas. The province is famous for the fact that the South Shaolin Monastery was once located near Putian.

Fujian. The Wuyi Mountains are the birthplace of the world-famous oolong tea.

Fujian is the most forested province in China, there are many nature reserves and national parks. A lot of beautiful lakes and, according to rumors, there are very beautiful beaches With sandbanks. If someone is looking for an interesting place on the coast, then it makes sense to look for it in this province. More than half of the province is occupied by subtropical forests. In the northwestern corner of the province are the Wuyishan Mountains, which are very famous for their scenic beauty.

Xiamen. Nanputo Monastery.

Xiamen is a famous "garden by the sea" in China. Interesting for its colonial architecture. In the southern part of the city there is an ancient Buddhist temple Nanputo.

Fujian. Traditional round houses of Fujian people.

The ancient Chinese city of Quanzhou, once about the same as Venice for Europe - that is, a great port. Several ancient temples and a large mosque dating back to 1009 have been preserved here.

Fujian is a province in eastern China, slightly stretched along the sea. The largest port is in the city. Fujian is distinguished by the fact that it is the most forested province in China with many national. parks and protected areas, among which special place It has . Even at the entrance to Fujian from Guangdong, nature turns green before our eyes. Due to the small number of cult historical monuments, there is not an excessive number of tourists, although there are enough in the province interesting places so that 1-2 weeks is not boring.

Fujian is famous for the powerful spread of Chinese culture throughout South-East Asia and on the island of Taiwan. The old name of the province is Min, and in the Minsk dialect the province has the name (Hokken) Hokkien. One of the old round houses has the same name - tulou Hokken. The round and square high-rise houses of the Hakka people are one of the main attractions for architecture lovers to visit the province.

The Hakka are a people from northern China who migrated south during internecine wars. Local population met strangers not very friendly, and the Hakkas were forced to build adobe buildings of a round or square shape with several floors. Tulou - "earthen castle" (tu - land, low - multi-storey building) had a fortress value and well protected from attacks.