Modern navigator. The most famous travelers and their discoveries

The exploration of our planet took place over several centuries, and many people distinguished themselves, whose names and merits are recorded in many historical books. All the great travelers sought to escape from the routine of existence and look at the world with different eyes. Thirst for new knowledge, curiosity, desire to expand known horizons - all these qualities were inherent in each of them.

About history and travelers

The history of mankind should be taken as a history of travel. It is impossible to understand what would be modern world, if previous civilizations did not send travelers to the borders then unknown world. The thirst for travel is inherent in the human DNA, because he has always sought to explore something and expand his own world.

The first people 100,000 years ago began to colonize the world, moving from Africa to Asia and Europe. In the era of the Middle Ages and modern times, travelers went to unknown countries in search of gold, glory, new lands, or they simply ran away from their miserable existence and poverty. However, all great travelers have possessed the impulse of force of the same nature, the never-ending fuel of explorers - curiosity. Just something that a person does not know or does not understand is enough to create an alluring and irresistible force that cannot be resisted. Further, the article presents the exploits of the great travelers and their discoveries, which had a huge impact on the process of the formation of mankind. The following individuals are noted:

• Herodotus;
• Ibn Battuta;
• Marco Polo;
• Christopher Columbus;
• Ferdinand Magellan and Juan Sebastian Elcano;
• James Cook;
• Charles Darwin;
• explorers of Africa and Antarctica;
• famous Russian travelers.

Father of modern history - Herodotus

The famous Greek philosopher, Herodotus, lived in the 5th century BC. His first journey was exile, as Herodotus was accused of plotting against the tyrant of Halicarnassus, Lygdamis. During this link, great traveler travels throughout the Middle East. He describes all his discoveries and acquired knowledge in 9 books, thanks to which Herodotus received the nickname of the father of history. It is interesting to note that another famous historian ancient Greece, Plutarch, gave Herodotus the nickname "father of lies." In his books, Herodotus tells about distant countries and about the cultures of many peoples, information about which the philosopher collected during his travels.

The stories of the great traveler are filled with political, philosophical and geographical reflections. They also contain sexual stories, myths and crime stories. Herodotus' writing style is semi-artistic. Modern historians consider the work of Herodotus to be a paradigm of curiosity. The historical and geographical knowledge brought by Herodotus had big influence for development Greek culture. Geographic map, which Herodotus compiled, and which included the limits from the Danube to the Nile, and from Iberia to India, over the next 1000 years determined the horizons of the world known at that time. It should be noted that the scientist was very worried that the knowledge he had gained would not be lost by mankind over time, and therefore he outlined them in detail in his 9 books.

Ibn Battuta (1302 - 1368)

Like every Muslim, twenty-year-old Battuta began his pilgrimage from the city of Tangier to Mecca on the back of a donkey. He could not even think that he would return to his hometown only 25 years later, with huge wealth and a whole harem of wives after he makes the journey for the most part peace. If you wonder what great travelers first explored the Muslim world, then you can safely call Ibn Battuta. He traveled to all countries, from the kingdom of Granada in Spain to China, and from Caucasus mountains to the city of Timbuktu, which is located in the Republic of Mali. This great traveler traveled 120,000 kilometers, met more than 40 sultans and emperors, was an ambassador to various sultans, and survived a number of disasters. Ibn Battuta always traveled with a large retinue, and in each new place he was treated as an important person.

Modern historians note that in the first half of the 14th century, when Ibn Battuta made his travels, the Islamic world was at the peak of its existence, which allowed the traveler to quickly and easily move through many territories.

Like Marco Polo, Battuta did not write his book ("Travel"), but dictated his stories to the Granadian erudite Ibn Khuzai. This work reflects Battuta's lust for enjoying life, which includes tales of sex and blood.

Marco Polo (1254 - 1324)

Marco Polo is one of the important names of great travelers. The book of the Venetian merchant Marco Polo, which tells in detail about his travels, became very popular even 2 centuries before the invention of printing. Marco Polo traveled the world for 24 years. Upon returning to his homeland, he was imprisoned during the war between the trading powers of the Mediterranean: Genoa and Venice. In prison, he dictated stories about his travels to one of his neighbors in misfortune. As a result, in 1298 a book appeared, which was called "Description of the world, dictated by Marco."

Marco Polo, along with his father and uncle, who were famous merchants in jewelry and silk, set off at the age of 17 on a trip to the Far East. During his trip, the great geographical traveler visited such forgotten places like the island of Hormuz, the Gobi desert, the coasts of Vietnam and India. Marco knew 5 foreign languages, was the representative of the great Mongol Khan Kublai Khan for 17 years.

Note that Marco Polo was not the first European to visit Asia, however, he was the first to draw up its detailed geographical description. His book is a mixture of truth and fiction, which is why many historians question most of its facts. On his deathbed, a priest asked Marco Polo, who was 70 years old, to confess his lies, to which the great traveler replied that he had not said even half of what he had seen.

Christopher Columbus (1451 - 1506)

Talking about travelers great era discoveries, first of all, we should mention Christopher Columbus, who shifted the backbone of the human economy to the west and marked the beginning of a new era in history. Historians note that when Columbus sailed to the discovery of the New World, the word "gold" is most often found in the entries of his logbook, and not the word "land".

Christopher Columbus, given the information provided by Marco Polo, believed he could achieve Far East full of gold and riches, sailing west. As a result, on August 2, 1492, he sails from Spain on three ships and heads west. The journey across the Atlantic Ocean lasted longer than 2 months, and on October 11, Rodrigo Triana saw land from the ship La Pinta. This day radically changed the lives of Europeans and Americans.

Like many great travelers of the era of great discoveries, Columbus died in 1506 in poverty in the city of Valladolid. Columbus didn't know what he discovered new continent, but thought that he managed to swim to India through the west.

Ferdinand Magellan and Juan Sebastian Elcano (XVI century)

One of amazing routes great travelers of the era of the Great Geographical Discoveries, is the route of Ferdinand Magellan, when he was able to get through a narrow strait from Atlantic Ocean in the Pacific, which Magellan so named in honor of its calm waters.

In the 16th century, there was a serious race for dominance on the seas and oceans between Portugal and Spain, historians compare this race with the race for space exploration between the USA and the USSR. As Portugal dominated African coast, Spain was looking for ways to get to the spice islands (modern Indonesia) and to India through the west. Ferdinand Magellan became just the navigator who was supposed to find new way to the East through the West.

In September 1519, 5 ships with a total of 237 sailors set off for the West, led by Ferdinand Magellan. Three years later, only one ship returned with 18 sailors on board, led by Juan Sebastian Elcano. It was the first time that a man swam around everything the globe. The great traveler Ferdinand Magellan himself died in the Philippine Islands.

James Cook (1728-1779)

This British great traveler is considered the most famous explorer of the Pacific Ocean. He left his parents' farm and became a great captain in the Royal Navy. He made three great voyages from 1768 to 1779, which filled in many blank spots on the maps of the Pacific. All of Cook's travels were undertaken by the UK to achieve a range of geographic and botanical objectives in Oceania, Australia and New Zealand.

Charles Darwin (1809 - 1882)

Few people know that in the story of the great travelers and their discoveries, the name of Charles Darwin, who, at the age of 22, went on a trip on the Beagle brigantine in 1831 to explore east coast South America. On this journey, Charles Darwin sailed around the world in 5 years, while collecting huge information about the flora and fauna of our planet, which turned out to be key to Darwin's theory of the evolution of living organisms.

After this long journey, the scientist locked himself in his house in Kent in order to carefully study the collected material and draw the right conclusions. In 1859, that is, 23 years after the circumnavigation of the world, Charles Darwin published his work On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, the main thesis of which was that not the strongest living organisms survive, but the most adapted to the conditions. environment.

Exploring Africa

The great travelers who have distinguished themselves in the exploration of Africa are mainly the British. One of the famous explorers of the black continent is Dr. Livingston, who distinguished himself in research central regions Africa. Livingston owns the discovery of the Victoria Falls. This man is a national hero of Great Britain.

Other famous Britons who distinguished themselves in the exploration of Africa are John Speke and Richard Francis Burton, who made many trips to the African continent in the second half of the 19th century. Their most famous journey is the search for the source of the Nile.

Exploration of Antarctica

Exploration of the icy southern continent - Antarctica marked new stage in the history of mankind. Briton Robert Scott and Norwegian Roald Amundsen distinguished themselves in the conquest of the South Pole. Scott was an explorer and officer in the Royal Navy of Britain, he led 2 expeditions to Antarctica, and on January 17, 1912, he, along with five members of his team, reached the South Pole, however, the Norwegian Amundsen was ahead of him by several weeks. The entire expedition of Robert Scott died, freezing in the icy desert of Antarctica. Amundsen, in turn, having visited the South Pole on December 14, 1911, was able to return to his homeland alive.

First female traveler

The thirst for travel and new discoveries was characteristic not only of men, but also of women. So, the first woman traveler, about whom there is reliable evidence, was the Galician (northwestern part of Spain) Echeria in the 4th century AD. Her travels were connected with the holy lands and pilgrimages. So, it is known that within 3 years she visited Constantinople, Jerusalem, Sinai, Mesopotamia and Egypt. It is unknown if Echeria returned to her homeland.

Great Russian travelers who expanded the borders of Russia

Russia is the largest country in the world in terms of area. In many ways, this fame is due to Russian travelers and researchers. Great travelers in the table below are given.

Russian travelers - explorers of the planet

Among them, Ivan Kruzenshtern should be noted, who was the first Russian to travel around the globe. We also mention Nikolai Miklouho-Maclay, who was a famous navigator and explorer of Oceania and South-East Asia. Let us also mention Nikolai Przhevalsky, who was one of the most famous explorers of Central Asia in the world.

travelers

in the paintings of artists N. Solomin and S. Yakovlev

Brilliant pages in the history of geographical discoveries were written by Russian travelers. They not only studied the vast expanses of the Motherland, but also made discoveries and researches far beyond its borders.

Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev (born around 1605 - died in 1672/3) - famous explorer and sailor. Served in Tobolsk, Yeniseisk, Yakutsk; went far and dangerous hikes on the rivers Yana, Indigirka, Oymyakon. Departing in 1648 from the Nizhne-Kolyma prison, Dezhnev sailed from the Arctic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and practically proved the existence of a strait separating Asia from America.

Faddey Faddeevich Bellingshausen (1779-1862) - famous navigator, a prominent scientist. He participated in the expedition of Kruzenshtern and Lisyaneky, then commanded together with M.P. Lazarev in 1819-1821 the sloops Vostok and Mirny. This expedition to the South Pole made a great geographical discovery - it reached the shores of Antarctica, and also conducted extensive research in the equatorial and tropical zones of the Pacific Ocean and made adjustments to sea charts.

Pyotr Petrovich Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky (1827-1914) - a remarkable Russian geographer and traveler. The first Europeans penetrated the hard-to-reach areas of the Central Tien Shan and established that the Chu River does not flow into Issyk-Kul Lake, discovered the sources of the Naryn and Sarydzhaz rivers, the second highest Tien Shan peak - Khan Tengri, huge glaciers covering its slopes.

Pyotr Kuzmich Kozlov (1863-1936) was a remarkable Russian traveler and explorer of Central Asia. Participating in the expeditions of N. M. Przhevalsky, M. V. Pevtsov and V. I. Roborovsky, he repeatedly crossed Mongolia and China. From 1899 to 1926 Kozlov led three expeditions to Central Asia. He studied the mountains of the Mongolian Altai, penetrated into the least explored areas of the Tibetan highlands; in the middle of the Mongolian deserts opened ancient city Khara-Khoto; excavated the Khentei-Noinulinsky mounds, enriching science with versatile information about the regions of Central Asia.

Nikolai Nikolaevich Miklukho-Maclay (1846 - 1888) - famous Russian traveler and scientist, anthropologist and ethnographer. He spent twelve years in New Guinea, Malacca, Australia and the Pacific Islands, studying the peoples inhabiting them. The creator of modern anthropology, Miklouho-Maclay was a passionate fighter against racial discrimination and colonial oppression.

Nikolai Mikhailovich Przhevalsky (1839-1888) - the great Russian traveler and geographer. Already after the first expedition to the Ussuri region (1867-1869) he became famous as a talented explorer of distant and little-known lands. He conducted four expeditions to Central Asia, during which he crossed vast expanses from the Sayan Mountains to Tibet and from the Tien Shan to the Khingan.

Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev (1788-1851) - famous navigator, naval commander and research scientist. Together with F. Sh. Bellingshausen, he commanded a remarkable sea expedition that discovered Antarctica. Even before that, he went around the world on the Suvorov ship, and after sailing to Antarctica he made it for the third time trip around the world commanding the frigate Cruiser. The last seventeen years of his life he devoted to the education of Russian sailors and the construction of the Black Sea Fleet.

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Ivan Fedorovich Kruzenshtern (1770-1846) - a remarkable navigator and research scientist. He commanded the first Russian round-the-world expedition from 1803 to 1806. The expedition refined the map of the Pacific Ocean, collected information about the nature and inhabitants of Sakhalin, the Pacific Islands and Kamchatka. Kruzenshtern published a description of his journey and compiled a two-volume atlas of the Pacific Ocean.

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Georgy Yakovlevich Sedov (1877-1914) - a brave navigator, explorer of the Arctic. In 1912 he proposed a trip to the North Pole. Having reached the ship "St. fock" of Franz Josef Land, Sedov made a bold attempt to reach the North Pole by dog sledding, but died on the way to the cherished goal.

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Gennady Ivanovich Nevelskoy (1813-1876) - an outstanding researcher of the Far East. He spent about six years in the Amur region, studying its nature. In 1849, while sailing on the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, Nevelskoy proved that Sakhalin was an island separated from the mainland by the navigable Tatar Strait.

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Vladimir Afanasyevich Obruchev (1863-1956) - a remarkable traveler, the greatest Soviet geologist and geographer. After research in Central Asia(1886) and numerous expeditions to Eastern Siberia, in 1892, the scientist went to Mongolia and China for two years, having covered more than thirteen and a half thousand kilometers during this time. Obruchev headed major geological research in Siberia.

The most big country collected for centuries. Travelers were the discoverers of new lands and seas. Having paved the way to the new, mysterious, through unpredictable difficulties and risks, they achieved their goal. I think that these people, on a personal level, having overcome the dangers and sufferings of the expeditions, accomplished a feat. I would like to recall three of them who have done a lot for the state and science.

Great Russian travelers

Dezhnev Semyon Ivanovich

Semyon Dezhnev (1605-1673), Ustyug Cossack, the first to sail around the most eastern part of our Fatherland and all of Eurasia. Passed the strait between Asia and America, opened the way from the Arctic Ocean to the Pacific.

By the way, Dezhnev discovered this strait 80 years earlier than Bering, who visited only its southern part.

The cape is named after Dezhnev, the one next to which the international date line passes.

After the opening of the strait, an international commission of geographers decided that this place was the most convenient for drawing such a line on the map. And now a new day on Earth begins at Cape Dezhnev. Note that 3 hours earlier than in Japan and 12 hours earlier than in the suburbs of London - Greenwich, from where universal time begins. Isn't it time to combine Prime Meridian with a dateline? Moreover, such proposals from scientists have been coming for a long time.

Pyotr Petrovich Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky

Pyotr Petrovich Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky (1827-1914), leading scientist of the Russian Geographical Society. Not an armchair scientist. He had a temper that only climbers can appreciate. IN literally- the conqueror of mountain peaks.

Among Europeans, he was the first to penetrate hard-to-reach mountains Central Tien Shan. He discovered the top of Khan-Tengri and huge glaciers on its slopes. At that time in the West, with the light hand of the German scientist Humboldt, it was believed that volcanic ridges were erupting there.

Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky discovered the sources of the Naryn and Sarydzhaz rivers, and along the way he discovered that the Chu River, despite the opinion of the geographers of the "international community", does not flow from Lake Issyk-Kul. Penetrated into the upper reaches of the Syr Darya, which before him were also untrodden.

The question of what Semyonov-Tien-Shansky discovered is very easy to answer. He discovered the Tien Shan scientific world, at the same time offering this world a completely new way of knowing. Semyonov Tien-Shansky was the first to study addiction mountainous terrain from him geological structure. With the gaze of a geologist, botanist and zoologist all rolled into one, he saw nature in its living family ties.

This is how the Russian original geographical school was born, which relied on the reliability of an eyewitness and was distinguished by its versatility, depth and integrity.

Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev

In 1813, Lazarev was instructed to establish regular communication between St. Petersburg and Russian America. Russian America included the regions of Alaska, the Aleutian Islands, as well as Russian trading posts in the states British Columbia, Washington, Oregon and California. The most south point- Fort Ross, 80 km from San Francisco. These places have already been explored and settled by Russia (by the way, there is evidence that one of the settlements in Alaska was founded by Dezhnev's companions in the 17th century). Lazarev traveled around the world. On the way to pacific ocean he discovered new islands, which he named after Suvorov.

Where Lazarev is especially honored is in Sevastopol.

Behind the admiral were not only circumnavigations, but also participation in battles with the enemy, many times superior in number of ships. During the time that Lazarev commanded the Black Sea Fleet, dozens of new ships were built, including the first ship with a metal hull. Lazarev began to train sailors in a new way, at sea, in an environment close to combat.

He took care of the Maritime Library in Sevastopol, built the Assembly House and a school for the children of sailors there, and began building the Admiralty. He also built admiralties in Novorossiysk, Nikolaev and Odessa.

In Sevastopol, on the grave and at the monument to Admiral Lazarev, there are fresh flowers all the time.

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Pyotr Beketov (1600 - after 1661) - Russian explorer of the 17th century, explorer of Siberia.

One of the most exemplary "Russian conquistadors", who honestly served his cause and did not get involved in any adventures, Beketov was the founder of several Russian cities.

Biography

Almost nothing is known about the early years of the life of many prominent personalities of the 17th century; Pyotr Beketov is no exception in this sense. Information about him appears only in the 1620s, when he got a job as an archer in the civil service.

Some time later, in 1627, Beketov sent a petition to the tsar, in which he asked to be given the position of centurion in order to have at least some decent salary.

Vasily Poyarkov is one of the discoverers of Siberia. He made a huge contribution to the development of these lands.

In the 17th century Russian empire dreamed of annexing Siberia to their lands. It was a huge and rich territory, where many peoples lived.

Special expeditions were assembled to study and annex the Siberian lands. One of them was headed by Vasily Poyarkov.

Years of life

Accurate information about the years of life of Vasily Poyarkov has not been preserved. Only documentary sources have survived to this day, in which there is information about his activities. They date back to 1610-1667.

Vasily Ermolaevich Bugor was Arctic sailor and one of the pioneers of Siberia.

He explored unexplored territories, helping the Yenisei governor A. Oshanin.

Years of life

The exact years of Bugor's life are unknown, but historians believe that he was born around 1600 and died in 1668.

Biography of Bugor

Bugor did not have a noble origin. He was a Cossack foreman, participated in the construction of prisons and the study of Siberia.

Mikhail Stadukhin - explorer and polar navigator of the 17th century, who explored North-Eastern Siberia, a man who was one of the first to visit the north Sea of ​​Okhotsk, as well as on the rivers Kolyma, Gizhiga, Penzhina and Anadyr.

The geographical discoveries of M. Stadukhin became a huge contribution to the discovery, study Russian coast Arctic and Pacific.

Years of life of Mikhail Stadukhin

Date of birth unknown, died 1666.

Biography of Mikhail Stadukhin

It is not known for certain what year Mikhail Stadukhin was born. Presumably, the Russian explorer was born into a family of Pomors in one of the villages on the Pinega River.

The development of Siberia in the 17th century is often presented as the most important event in the history of Russia in modern times.

It is referred to as the Russian analogue of the Great Geographical Discoveries European world and conquest of the New World.

In part, this is a fair comparison. In the context of the emergence of the all-Russian market and the rise of the economy, the development of new trade routes- an important stage in the development of the country.

S. I. Chelyuskin - sea traveler, researcher, member of a long-term expedition, who made serious geographical discoveries neglected during his lifetime.

Origin

Chelyuskin's ancestors (according to the documents of the 17th century - the Chelyustkins) were at first quite successful people, occupied important positions, were well promoted, were rich

But under Peter the Great, Semyon Ivanovich's father fell into disgrace (he was among the rebellious Moscow archers) and until the end of his life his family vegetated in the wilderness, barely making ends meet.

Exact information about where and when S. I. Chelyuskin was born has not yet been found, approximately 1700.

Education

In 1714, the noble undergrowth Semyon Chelyuskin was admitted to a Moscow school, where boys were taught exact and navigational sciences. Here, the future researcher comprehended the wisdom of mathematics, geography, astronomy.

He was a smart and diligent student. In 1721, after graduating, he was recommended for a certificate for navigational activity.

Yu. F. Lisyansky is an outstanding Russian navigator, who together with made a trip around the world.

Youth

Y. Lisyansky was born in the Little Russian city of Nizhyn in a simple family of a priest in 1773. Since childhood, he dreamed of the sea, so he entered the Naval Cadet Corps and successfully graduated from it. By appointment, he served on the frigate "Podrazhislav" as part of the squadron of Admiral S.K. Greig. He was a participant in the Gogland and several other naval battles in the war with the Swedes, served as a volunteer in the British fleet, participated in battles with the French on the shores North America, sailed on Antilles and to India.

circumnavigation

Returning to his homeland, Lisyansky was appointed commander of the Neva sloop. This ship was going to round the world expedition under the leadership of I.F. Kruzenshtern, who commanded the second sloop "Nadezhda". These two Russian ships left their homeland in the middle of summer 1803 from Kronstadt. In November 1804, Yu. F. Lisyansky and I. F. Kruzenshtern were the first in the history of the Russian fleet to cross the equator line. In February of the same year, both ships bypassed Cape Horn, entering the Pacific waters. Here the ships separated.

Khariton Prokofievich Laptev is one of the largest Russian polar explorers. The future conqueror of the Arctic was born in the village of Pekarevo, located not far from, in 1700. In 1715, young Laptev entered the St. Petersburg Naval Academy, which he successfully completed three years later and entered the fleet as a midshipman. In 1726 he was promoted to midshipman. In 1734, he took part in the war against Stanislav Leshchinsky, who had been proclaimed the Polish king a year earlier.

The Mitava frigate, on which Laptev served, is captured by the French in the course of hostilities, who resorted to deception for this. Upon returning to his homeland, Laptev, along with the rest of the Mitava officers, is sentenced to death penalty for surrendering the ship without a fight, but the crew is found not guilty in time. After this misunderstanding, Khariton Prokofievich returns to the service. In 1737 he was promoted to lieutenant, and was appointed commander of a detachment in the Great Northern Expedition. The purpose of the campaign was to explore the Arctic coast between the Lena and the Yenisei, another great Russian polar explorer, Dmitry Yakovlevich Laptev, a cousin of Khariton Prokofievich, also took part in it. In the early spring of 1738, members of the expedition arrived in Yakutsk.

Dmitry Yakovlevich Laptev is a famous Russian traveler who, together with his cousin Khariton Prokofievich Laptev, became famous for his polar expeditions.

Born in 1701 into a family of small estate nobles in the village of Bolotovo. In 1715, together with his cousin, he began studying at the Naval Academy in St. Petersburg. Upon graduation in 1718, Laptev was promoted to midshipman on one of the ships of the Kronstadt squadron.

In 1721 he received the rank of midshipman, and in 1724 he became a non-commissioned lieutenant. From 1727 to 1729 he commanded the frigate Saint James.

The biography of the great polar explorer Georgy Yakovlevich Sedov is unusual and tragic. He was born in 1877 in a small Azov village, today this village bears the name of the great polar explorer. George with early years learned hard work. His father, a simple Azov fisherman, went missing for several years. The boy had to work to feed his mother and eight brothers and sisters. He did not have time to learn to read and write, and until the age of 14 he could neither read nor write.

After his father returned home, in two years he graduated from the parochial school and ran away from home. What the boy did in that life and how he made his way to the desired goal is little known. But at the age of 21, Georgy Sedov received a diploma as a long-distance navigator. At 24, after successful delivery examination, he receives the rank of lieutenant.
His first hydrographic expedition was to the North Arctic Ocean. northern ice have long been beckoning a young sailor. He dreamed of conquering the North Pole and proving that a Russian person could do it.

It began, and the expedition to the North Pole had to be postponed. But the idea does not leave him. He writes articles in which he proves that the development of the Northern sea ​​route necessary . He worked on the Caspian Sea, in the Kolyma, explored the Krestovaya Bay in Novaya Zemlya.

During his life he made more than 40 unique expeditions and ascents, expressing his vision of the world in books and paintings. Fedor Konyukhov is a member of the Union of Artists of Russia and the Union of Writers of Russia. Author of nine books. Gold Medal Winner Russian Academy Arts, Honorary Academician of the Russian Academy of Arts, author of more than 3,000 paintings. Participant of Russian and international exhibitions.
Captain long-distance navigation. Yacht captain. Made four circumnavigation crossed the Atlantic fifteen times, once in a rowboat. Honored Master of Sports.
Awarded the Order of Friendship of the Peoples of the USSR. UNEP "GLOBAL 500" award for contribution to environmental protection. Winner of the UNESCO Prize for Fair Play.
Listed in the encyclopedia "CHRONICLE OF HUMANITY". Active member of the Russian Geographical Society.
Awarded the Order of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church VMC. George the Victorious, I degree, for exemplary and diligent work for the benefit of God's Holy Orthodox Church.

The first and so far the only one in the world to conquer the five poles of our planet:
Northern Geographic (three times)
Southern Geographic
Pole relative inaccessibility in the Arctic Ocean
Everest (altitude pole)
Cape Horn (Yachtmen's Pole)

Honorary resident of the city of Nakhodka (Primorsky Territory, Russia), the city of Terni (Italy) and the village of Bergin (Kalmykia, Russia).

The first Russian who managed to complete the Grand Slam program (North Pole, South Pole, Everest).

Since 1998 Head of Laboratory distance learning in extreme conditions (LDOEU) at the Modern Humanitarian Academy.

Married. Wife Irina. Son Oscar, daughter Tatiana, son Nikolai. Grandson Philip, granddaughter Polina, grandson Ethan, grandson Arkady, grandson Blake.

Biography.
Born on December 12, 1951 in the village of Chkalovo, Zaporozhye region of Ukraine. Father - Konyukhov Philip Mikhailovich (born in 1917), Mother - Konyukhova Maria Efremovna (born in 1918). Wife - Konyukhova Irina Anatolyevna (born in 1961), Doctor of Law, Professor. Son - Konyukhov Oscar Fedorovich (born in 1975). Daughter - Tatyana Fedorovna Konyukhova (born in 1978).

Future famous traveler Fedor Konyukhov lived and was brought up in a simple peasant family with five children: three sons and two daughters. From childhood, they got used to hard collective farm work in the field, to work in the garden, and Fedor often went with his father, a fisherman, to the fishing season in the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov. With pleasure he kept watch on the steering wheel, helped the fishermen to pull out the nets. As a member of the Great Patriotic War who reached Budapest, the father often told the children about the heavy battles against the Nazis, urged them to work honestly, to protect their land. Young Fedor sunk into the soul interesting stories grandfather, lieutenant colonel of the tsarist army, about Georgy Sedov, with whom he served in the same garrison. Before his last, which turned out to be a tragic trip to the Arctic, Georgy left an Orthodox cross with a request to hand it to the strongest of his sons or grandsons, who could realize his idea. And, as you know, Fedor fulfilled this testament - he visited the North Pole three times, and once - alone with that cross around his neck.

Fedor prepared himself for long trips from an early age, at first, perhaps not quite consciously. He learned to swim and dive well, to go on a boat on oars and under sail. bathed in cold water, slept in the hayloft. In football and long-distance running among schoolchildren, he had no equal, and most of all he was attracted by the sea, the sea and romance. Having read Goncharov and Stanyukovich, Jules Verne and other marine painters, at the age of 15 he made his first trip - he crossed the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov in a rowboat.