Catalonia coast map in Russian. African Animal Reservation. The best resorts are

. The capital of Catalonia is the city of Barcelona. Profitable geographical position contributed to the development of active trade and cultural relations of Catalonia with other states of the Mediterranean and continental Europe.
Currently, more than 7.5 million people live in Catalonia. At the same time, 2/3 of the population is concentrated in the capital of autonomy and the nearest suburbs of Barcelona (area metropolitana de Barcelona). This zone is characterized by a high level of industrialization. The industrial revolution in Catalonia began in the middle of the 19th century. Therefore, it is not surprising that Catalonia is currently the largest contributor to Spain's GDP (18.8%). However, in terms of GDP per capita, Catalonia is only the fourth region of Spain. The first three places are occupied by the Basque Country, Madrid and Navarre.
Catalonia gave the world an artist Salvador Dali; architect Antonio Gaudi. A young man lived in Barcelona Pablo Picasso. Famous musicians and composers were Catalans: Casals, Albeniz, Granados. One of the best football teams in the world is Barcelona.
Thanks to the striking combination of climatic and natural factors Catalonia is the undisputed tourist leader of Spain. In summer, people rush to the sea and the sun, in winter they go to the mountains, where they operate ski centers. If we add to this geography the famous Catalan Art Nouveau, the symbols of which are the architect Gaudi and his world famous Sagrada Familia(Sagrada Familia) in Barcelona; monuments ancient civilizations Greece (Empuries) and Rome (Tarragona); one National and 11 natural parks of regional importance; friendly atmosphere and delicious food; the largest in Spain and the second in Europe Amusement Park; transport accessibility and a well-developed road network, it will turn out to be a paradise for tourists.

GEOGRAPHY, CLIMATE

Relief of Catalonia very heterogeneous, which is especially noticeable given its relatively small size. The Pyrenean axis, located in the north, as you move south, turns into a lowland of the Ebro River. So diversity natural landscapes Catalonia define:
a) the Pyrenees- located in the north of Catalonia, the mountain system is the natural border between Spain and the rest of Europe.
The Catalan part of the Pyrenees stretches for almost 200 km, which is about half of the total length of this mountain system in Spain. According to tradition, the Pyrenean axis itself and the pre-Pyrenees are distinguished, which represent mountain range located parallel to the main mountain range, but of lower height, steepness and different geology. Both systems are wider in the western part, to the east they narrow. The main peaks are also located in the western part, closer to the border with Aragon. First among equals: Pica d'Estats(Pica d'Estats) or Peak of the States - 3143 m. It is located in the north of the Pallars Sobirà region. He is being followed Puij Pedros(Puig Pedros) - 2.914 m and Puyzhmal(Puigmal) - 2.910 m - on the border with France. In the pre-Pyrenees system, several massifs and peaks stand out, such as the Cadi massif (sierra del Cadí) with the peak of Vulturó (Vulturó) - 2648 m and Pedraforca (Pedraforca), which means "fork". One of its teeth - the peak Pollegó Superior (Pollegó Superior) has a height of 2497 m
b) Catalan Mediterranean System(Sistema Mediterraneo Catalan) or Catalan Coastal Cordillera(Cordilleras Costero Catalanas) - an array consisting of two mountain ranges (Cordillera pre-Litoral and Cordillera Litoral), which lie along the Mediterranean coast and represent a series of mountains and flat areas.
Cordillera Litoral passes directly through coastline. It is less long and high (Turó Gros/, Sierra del Montnegre/Sierra del Montnegre/, 773m) than lying directly behind it Cordillera Pre Litoral(Turo de l'Ome/Turó de l'Home/, 1.706m). Inside both chains there are flat areas, the largest of them: Depresion Litoral and Depresion pre-Littoral. The depression pre-Littoral forms the lowlands of Valles and Penedes (del Vallés and el Penedés). The Catalan system also includes Cordillera Transversal(Cordillera Transversal) - a later mountain formation located north of the Cordillera pre-Littoral. The Cordillera Transversal merges directly with the system of the Pyrenees. The main feature of this mountain range is the presence of an inactive volcanic zone Garrocha (Garrotxa).
c) Central lowland(Depresión Central), sandwiched between the chains of the Pyrenees and the Mediterranean System of Catalonia. The main river of Catalonia, the Ebro, flows through it.
The central lowland is sandwiched between the pre-Pyrenean zone and the Cordillera pre-Littoral. This territory is occupied by the southern regions (comarca) of the province of Lleida and the central regions of the province of Barcelona. Average Height above sea level varies from 200 to 600 m, although higher areas are also found. The flat terrain and sufficient water flowing into the lowlands from the Pyrenees made this area suitable for intensive farming.

CLIMATE of Catalonia- Mediterranean, but there is a significant temperature difference between the coastal zone and inland areas. In the coastal zone, the climate is characterized by mild winters and hot summers. In the interior, winters are cold and summers are hot. In the Iberian zone, the climate is high-mountainous, so in winter the temperatures in this area drop below zero and precipitation in the form of snow falls. Summer is not too hot. Due to the heterogeneity of the relief, the scatter average annual temperatures very high: from 0 °C in the Pyrenees to 17 °C in the southern regions of the coast. scatter maximum temperatures also impressive: from 43 °C (summer maximum in the Garrigas region) to -30 °C in winter in the Pyrenees.
Catalonia is divided into two zones based on rainfall.. In the so-called "Wet Catalonia" (Pyrenees and pre-Pyrenees and limited areas of the cordillera pre-Littoral), the annual rainfall exceeds 700 mm. Another part of the historical region is called "Dry Catalonia". It receives less than 700 mm of precipitation per year. The amount of moisture falling from the sky is directly related to the seasons. IN coastal zone rainy in spring and dry in summer. In the Pyrenees, the "wettest" months are April and May. However, precipitation also occurs in summer. The area of ​​the Aran Valley is generally exceptional - the local climate is controlled by the Atlantic.
Thus, there are three global climate domains in Catalonia:
a) Alpine (Hautes-Pyrenees);
b) Atlantic (during the Garona River);
c) Mediterranean (in the rest of the territory), which in turn is subdivided into a mountain climate and an upland climate.
Since the main part of the territory of Catalonia is under the influence of the Mediterranean climate, in winter the average temperatures are positive and fluctuate around 10 ° C (on the coast) and from 3 to 7 ° C (in the interior at altitudes less than 1000 m above sea level). In summer there is even more uniformity average temperature– 25°C. Conclusion, if there is no intention to visit areas located above 1500 m above sea level, then in summer warm clothes and a raincoat are unnecessary.
In Catalonia, as in the rest of Europe, the wind from the west prevails. However, both to the north and to the south of Catalonia, the north wind sometimes blows. This phenomenon is characterized by suddenness and is characterized by sharp gusts (reaches speeds of over 100 km / h), as well as a rapid decrease in air temperature. In the province of Girona, this wind is called "tramuntana"(because of the mountains), and the inhabitants of the south (Tarragona) - "mistral". The phenomenon is very unpleasant, capable of causing sudden mood swings and severe headaches in weather-sensitive people.
Quantity sundial per year in different areas Catalonia varies from 2000 to 2600.

COAST

Length coastal zone in a straight line is 500 km, but due to the fact that it is indented big amount capes and bays, its length reaches - 754.8 km. The coast has the most intricate outlines in the Cap de Creus (Cape of Crosses) area. In this place there is a "meeting" of the Pyrenees with mediterranean sea.
The coast of Catalonia is divided into 3 parts, each of which has its own name.
or "Wild Coast" - the coast of the province of Girona. It extends from the border with France (Gulf of Roses) to Blanes. This part of the coast is known for a large number of small bays and secluded coves. Main tourist centers: Blanes, Lloret de Mar, Tossa de Mar, Platja d'Aro.
A new tourist brand, which translates as "Coast of Barcelona" has united the two parts of the coast of the central province of Catalonia. The first of these is located north of Barcelona and was previously known as: "Costa del Maresme". It has good transport accessibility and long sandy beaches. The most famous tourist centers of Maresme: Calella, Malgrat de Mar, Pineda del Mar, Santa Susanna. South part the current "Coast of Barcelona" was previously called "Costa del Garraf". It stretches from the delta of the Llobregatt River to the border with the province of Tarragona. Here, straight, flat beaches coexist with small coves at the foot of the Garraf massif. Main tourist center - Sitges.
The coastline of the province of Tarragona is called, which in Russian translation means "Gold Coast". The name is explained simply. Local beaches are distinguished by the characteristic golden color of the sand. The most developed tourist centers: La Pineda Salou, Cambrils, El Vendrell(districts of Commaruga and Sant Salvador). Between the towns of Vila Seca and Salou is the second in Europe (after the French Disneyland) Amusement park "Port Aventura. Costa Caribe.
On the coast of Catalonia there are two large trading ports. The port of Barcelona has a length of 9 km. Tarragona is the second largest port in Catalonia. Its moorings stretch for 5 km - up to Cape Salou.
The sand on the beaches of Catalonia is mostly fine and golden, but in the north you can often find sand and pebble beaches. It should also be borne in mind that the beaches in Barcelona are bulk.

STORY

The territory on which modern Catalonia is located was inhabited by people many thousands of years ago. In the caves located here, archaeologists find numerous traces of our ancestors. The first contacts of the local population (Iberians) with other peoples - Phoenicians and Greeks belong to VIII - VII centuries. BC. In this mutually beneficial exchange, Iberian culture developed approximately until the 3rd century BC . Then the active Romanization of the territory began. For the first time, the Romans landed near Empuries (province of Girona) in 218 BC in order to cut off the lines of logistics supply to the troops of Hannibal, and so they remained here. TO 195 BC . the resistance of the Iberians was completely suppressed and Roman rule was finally established, and city ​​of Tarraco(modern Tarragona), became the capital of the province of Tarraconesis. IN 3rd century AD the crisis that arose in the metropolis led to the strongest decline of cities in the provinces. Cities such as: Tarraco, Barcino(Barcelona) gerunda(Girona), although they managed to restore their influence later, they could no longer achieve their past greatness. After the first sack of Rome by the Visigoths V in . the Romans, in order to "appease" the barbarians, decided to give them Spain and part of Gaul ( modern France). IN 475 g. King Eric of the Visigoths created the kingdom of Toulouse, which included the lands of modern Catalonia. Internecine wars for power in the kingdom led to the appearance of the Moors in Europe. Only Christian victories in the battles of Toulouse ( 721 ) and Poitiers ( 733 ), stopped the Muslim invasion. After that, on the lands from the Pyrenees to the river Llobregatt, the province of "Marca Hispanica" was formed, as part of the Carolingian empire. At the end 9th century Carolingian King Charles the Bald handed over almost all of Catalonia to the hereditary possession of Wilfred the Hairy, namely: 4 main counties - Barcelona, ​​Girona, Cerdanya and Urgell. Wilfredo is credited with the settlement of Osona, the founding of the monasteries at Ripoll and Sant Joan de las Abadessas, and the establishment of an episcopal see in Vic.

IN X century Catalonia becomes independent. Count Borel II in 987 refused to take an oath of allegiance to the first king of the new Capetian dynasty. In the same period, the Catalan lands were actively settled by immigrants from Southern France, and the Counts of Barcelona were trying in various ways to expand their possessions. Ramon Berenguer III, thanks to marriage bonds, received the county of Besalu ( 1111 ), inherited by Serdanya ( 1117 or 1118 ) and captured part of Ampuries ( between 1123 and 1131). On the other side of the Pyrenees, Provence belonged to him ( from 1112). Later, under Count Ramon Berenguer IV, there was a union with Aragon and, as a result, the emergence of the Crown of Aragon (Corona de Aragon), which later included the Kingdoms of Mallorca and Valencia. IN 1188 . The Cortes of Aragon finally established the borders of the Principality of Catalonia. The further history of Catalonia is closely connected with the history of the Crown of Aragon.
After the wedding of Their Catholic Majesties Isabella of Castile and Fernando II of Aragon, the historical destinies of Aragon and Catalonia begin to diverge gradually and, to mid 17th century. , each of the regions again goes its own way. At this time, part of the Catalan oligarchs decided to use the contradictions that existed at that time between France and Spain to make Catalonia an independent state. The so-called. the Segadors uprising, which was crushed in 1653. As a result, Catalonia and Spanish crown lost Roussillon, Conflent, Vallespier and part of Cerdanya in favor of France. In the War of the Spanish Succession, Catalonia, like most of Aragon, opposed the Bourbons, which led to the final subordination of Catalonia to the Crown of Castile and the dissolution of local authorities and the abolition of privileges. IN 19th century . in Catalonia, the development of industry and the formation of the local bourgeoisie were proceeding at a rapid pace. The result was the growth of national consciousness and the emergence of a broadly cultural movement called "Renashsens" - a revival.
The establishment of the II Republic in Spain made it possible to create the Generalitat (local parliament) and proclaim the autonomy of Catalonia ( 1932 ). Fascist coup in Catalonia 1936 ) was completely defeated, and the region to the end civil war remained the main stronghold of the Republicans. Only victory in the battle of the Ebro allowed the Francoists to completely occupy Catalonia ( 1938 and 1939 . ). Under Franco, the use of the Catalan language was banned (even in private conversations), parliament was dissolved, more than 4,000 Catalans were shot, including Luis Capmani, the first president of Catalonia.
IN 60s of the XX century. the modernization of agriculture, the development of industry and mass tourism give a powerful impetus to the growth of the local economy. After the death of General Franco ( 1975) the Generalitat was temporarily recreated ( 1977), and with 1979 . - Catalonia is an autonomous region of Spain.
IN 1992 Barcelona hosted Olympic Games. IN 2005 ICANN officially registered the .cat domain, the first official domain for a non-state language.

LANGUAGE

The official languages ​​of Catalonia are: Catalan(catalan), Spanish(Castilian) and Occitan(occitane). Catalan is recognized as the "native" language of Catalonia, while Occitan is the "native" language of the Aran Valley. In this regard, official announcements, signs on road signs, announcements at airports and train stations are usually duplicated in two languages. All languages ​​of Catalonia belong to the Romance group. They are based on Latin.

ADMINISTRATIVE DEVICE

Catalonia is an autonomous region within Spain, endowed with a sufficient degree of independence. Issues related to education, housing legislation, the development of tourism and sports, ensuring the personal safety of citizens are within the competence of the local parliament - GENERALITAT Catalonia (La Generalidad de Cataluña). 35 deputies of the local parliament are elected for 4 years. The President of the Generalitat simultaneously acts as head of the government of Catalonia, which consists of advisers appointed by him.
General Representation of Spain(Delegación del Gobierno) provides coordination between the central government of the country and the Generalitat, and also deals with issues of state security (army, navy), transport infrastructure (ports, airports), coast guard, border control and monitors compliance with immigration laws.
Investigation of crimes against citizens, crime control and management road traffic is under the jurisdiction of the local police: "Mossos de Escuadra"(Mossos d'Esquadra-Policia de la Generalitat). It is subordinate to the Generalitat.
At the 2nd level of self-government are Provincial Assemblies(diputaciones provinciales), which are responsible for the socio-economic development of the respective territories.
The main administrative-territorial units of Catalonia are COMARCHI(municipal districts). In total, there are 41 comarca in Catalonia. The comarca division was established by the 1978 Law. The boundaries of most "newly" created municipalities match the boundaries historical regions Catalonia. In the process of dividing the territory into municipal districts, the boundaries of the provinces were not taken into account, as a result, four regions: Bergueda (Berguedá), Osona (Osona), Cerdanya (Cerdaña) and Selva (Selva) - turned out to be “divided” between the two provinces. The Aran Valley (Valle de Arán / Val d'Aran) has a special status that guarantees greater autonomy to local authorities.

TRANSPORT SYSTEM

AIRPORTS
In Catalonia 4 international airports, one per province.
The first place in terms of size and passenger traffic is occupied by El Prat(el Prat) in Barcelona. It is located about 15 km from the city center. Most a large number of flights from Russia to Spain are carried out exactly at El Prat airport.
Barcelona is easily accessible by Taxi(approximately €20 - depends on the amount of luggage and time of day); by rail (every 30 min., to Sants station / Sants or Plaza Catalunya / Plaça de Catalunya); on the Airbus/Aerobus (express bus), the interval and stops are the same as for the train. In terms of price / quality ratio, Airbus is inferior to the railway. Electric trains and Airbuses finish work at 23 o'clock. The most inexpensive, but also the slowest way is a regular bus (EA - day and EN - night). The bus goes to Plaza de España (Plaça d'Espanya).
Almost all international car rental offices work at El Prat Airport.

Girona airport(Girona) - located a few kilometers from the city. The center can be reached by taxi or regular bus. In the summer of 2016, the Pobeda airline flies here twice a week.
Reus airport(Reus) in the province of Tarragona is mainly used by tour operators to organize charter flights to bring tourists to the Costa Daurada / Dorada.
Lleida airport(Lleida) - mainly charter flights for those who have bought a ticket to ski resorts in the Pyrenees.

ROADS
There are 12,000 km of roads in Catalonia. Of these, 962 km are highways (655 km are paid and 307 km are free). Basically, the road network is focused on Barcelona.
The main expressway AP-7 (Autopista de Mediterraneo) crosses all of Catalonia from north to south. AR-2 - between Barcelona and Zaragoza (Aragon). C-32, called "Autopista Pau Casals" between Barcelona and El Vendrell. From Barcelona to the north, the C-32 goes to Palafolls (the gate of the Costa Brava), but under a different name - "Autopista del Maresme". C-25 - the road from Riudellots de la Selva (Girona) to Cervera (Lleida), bypassing Barcelona, ​​is known as the Eche Transversal (transverse axis). Its length is 153 kilometers.

Railway transport.
The rail network in Catalonia hasn't changed much in the last 100 years and is heavily focused on Barcelona. On the territory of Catalonia passenger traffic two companies are involved: RENFE(managed from Madrid) and FJK(subject to local government). Accordingly, each company has its own trains and routes! Scheme of suburban communication and detailed information about the metro and trams of Barcelona is available on the website of the Catalan Railways (English).
In 2008 high speed trains "Ave" (bird) began to run on 3 routes: Barcelona - Madrid (via Zaragoza), Barcelona - Malaga and Barcelona - Seville.

Relatively recently, high-speed traffic between Barcelona and Paris was opened, but the gain in time, compared to a conventional train, is not too big. This route is provided by the national companies of Spain and France. You can find out the schedule and book tickets on the joint website of RENFE and SNCF.

BUS
Flight intercity buses connect Catalonia with the Spanish and foreign cities. Often this is the only available mode of transport that allows you to get to small Catalan towns and villages.
The main bus station of Catalonia - "Sants" in Barcelona (Estació de Sants) - is located next to the railway station of the same name. His specialty is international flights. The second most important bus station is also located in Barcelona. It is called "Estacio del Nord"(Estació del Nord). Buses depart from here to cities in Spain (long and medium distances). "Estacio del Nord" is located near the metro station "Arc de Triomf" (Arc de Triomf, red line 1) and the railway station of the same name.
Numerous transport companies carry out transportation through the territory of Catalonia. In Barcelona local buses sent from different locations. As for other cities in Catalonia, they usually have one company and only one bus station.

TRADITIONS

"Castellers"(construction of human towers) is the most famous manifestation of Catalan traditions. This custom, especially common in southern Catalonia, has been declared a World Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO. You can see the "builders" at work at city holidays, as well as "meetings" of teams (kolyas), which are held with enviable regularity in different cities Catalonia. Once every two years, the Castellers Championship is held in Tarragona, in which teams from different cities Catalonia. The nearest one, with the participation of 42 groups, will take place in 2016 (25.09, 1 and 2.10).
There is no flamenco tradition in Catalonia. But there is its own folk dance - sardane, which vaguely resembles the Greek sertaki. On Saturdays, the inhabitants of Barcelona go to the square near the Cathedral, stand in a circle and dance the sardana. Spontaneous performances of "sardana" happen in other cities of the autonomy. On holidays in Catalonia, you can see: "dance with sticks", "moshinggu", and in the Ebro Delta - jota, which is very close to the Aragonese original.
As far as music is concerned, Habanera is preferred in Catalonia, especially in the coastal areas of the Costa Brava. In the summer, festivals are often held here. Also in Catalonia there is its own variety of rumba.
In the days local holidays other traditions of Catalonia are manifested, such as: Parades of Giants and Tadpoles, correphox (fire processions) with devils and firecrackers. The most famous holiday of Catalonia "Patum" in Berg(La Patum de Berga) In 2005, it received the status of "World Intangible Heritage of Humanity" by UNESCO.
(Tió de Nadal) is another original Catalan tradition. Christmas gifts are stacked in a "humanized" log. On the eve of the holiday, the whole family gathers around this "uncle" and asks him to give gifts. The process is accompanied by cheerful poems and songs. "Uncle" does not give in to persuasion and then they begin to beat him with sticks.

GASTRONOMY

DO map in Catalonia

The culinary traditions of Catalonia have centuries of history. The first cookbook that has come down to our time, which contains recipes for local cuisine and describes the processes of cooking, dates back to the 15th century.
Catalan cuisine is built on the so-called. based on bread, olive oil and wine. A characteristic feature of the culinary art of Catalonia is the mixing of seafood (fish and seafood) with products of "land" origin - vegetables and meat. In this connection local kitchen bears the eloquent name "mar i muntanya" ("mar-i-muntanya" / sea and mountains).
Among fish dishes, the undisputed king is - suket(suquet). In addition, it is worth trying: escudella (la escudella), calçots (calçotada - sweet leek cooked on an open fire), chateau salad. The most common Catalan dish is − pa-amb-tomaket(Pa amb tomàquet is a baguette grated with tomato and then seasoned with olive oil and salt). Sauces are very popular. al-i-oli(al-i-oli - garlic and oil) and romesco(el romesco). Fuet (smoked sausage) Vika and butifarra are famous. Desserts: Catalan creme (crema catalana), panellets, white food (menjar blanc), etc.

Restaurant business in Catalonia, as well as throughout Spain, is one of the most prestigious occupations, and therefore, in order to stay hungry, you need to try very hard. The menu is more than varied: from the usual scrambled eggs and french fries to traditional Catalan dishes and delights of high gastronomy. World famous culinary gurus work in Catalonia: Ferran Adria(Ferran Adrià); Carme Ruscalleda(Carme Ruscalleda - restaurant "Sant Pau" in Sant Pol de Mar); Santi Santamaria(Santi Santamaria - restaurant "Can Fabes" in Sant Celoni). Restaurant "El Celler de Can Roca" in Girona in 2015 was recognized best restaurant peace. In 2016, he remained in the top, but moved down one line - the second in the world.
Catalonia is famous for its wines. Red wine from Priorato, white from Alella, cava (sparkling wine) from Penedés are known far beyond the borders of Catalonia. The region, in addition to 4 zones of controlled origin of wine (D.O. Penedès, D.O. Alella, D.O. Priorat and D.O. Segre), produces wine under the brand name DO Catalonia.
Kava(el cava) - sparkling wine like champagne - produced by traditional methods in the south of Catalonia. Millions of bottles of this drink ripen in the cellars of San Sadurní de Anoia (Penedes, Tarragona province). Most well-known manufacturers: Freixenet and Codorníu, but there are others.

HOLIDAYS

The best of the best:
April 23: Saint George's Day(Sant Jordi - cat.) - the patron saint of Catalonia. Despite the fact that almost all Catalans celebrate the holiday, this day is not a day off. On St. George's Day, it is customary to give loved ones one rose and a book. On the eve and on the day of the holiday in the cities of Catalonia, street book markets appear and the flower trade revives.
June 24 : Feast of St. John(Festividad de San Juan) - a day off. In fact, it is celebrated on the night of June 23-24. According to the established tradition, no one sleeps on the shortest night of the year. Bonfires are lit throughout Catalonia, around which people dance and sing. In a number of places, the sparkle of fireworks is added to the live fire of bonfires. A festive dinner in the fresh air is accompanied by cava (Catalan champagne), and ends with the traditional St. John's pie (coca de San Juan).
11 September : National Day of Catalonia(Día Nacional de Cataluña), abbreviated as Dyad(Diada). Day off in Catalonia. In 1714, on this day, the troops of Philip V occupied Barcelona, ​​which led to the complete loss of autonomy. Having occupied Barcelona, ​​the Spanish king dissolved local authorities power and abolished all the privileges enjoyed by the inhabitants of Catalonia. The establishment of the holiday was the first act of the newly created Parliament of Catalonia (Generalitat) in 1980.
In total, there are 15 official holidays in Catalonia, 9 of which coincide with holidays in the rest of Spain, 5 are established by the local government and 1 is established by the municipalities in honor of the day of the patron (patron) of the area.
Holidays throughout Catalonia:
1st of January - New Year;
January 6 - Epiphany de los Reyes Magos (Adoration of the Magi);
May 1 - International Workers' Day;
Holy Week - Good Friday;
Holy Week - Easter Eve (Lunes de Pasqua);
June 24 - St. Joan's Day celebrations;
August 15 - Ascension of Mary;
September 11 - National Day of Catalonia;
October 12 - National holiday Spain;
November 1 - All Saints Day;
December 6 - Spanish Constitution Day;
December 8 - Immaculate Conception;
December 25 - Christmas;
December 26 - St. Esteban.

RESERVES and NATURAL PARKS

By 2006, approximately 30% of the territory of Catalonia was part of various protected areas. These zones differ in the level of protection and subordination. At the top of this complex hierarchy is Aiguestortes National Park and Estany San Maurici founded in 1955. In addition to it, under the protection of the Generalitat (government of Catalonia) there are 11 more natural parks, 3 natural attractions of national importance and 1 conservation area (Ebro Delta) and 1 marine protected area (Medes Islands).

World Heritage of Humanity (UNESCO list)

1.) Architectural heritage of Antoni Gaudí. Park and Palace Güell, Casa Mila, facade of the Nativity and the crypt of the Sagrada Familia, Casa Vicenç, Casa Batlló and Colonia Güell (1984 and 2005).
2.) Monastery of Poblet, where the remains of the kings of Aragon lie (1991).
3.) Archaeological finds of the Roman period on the territory of Tarragona (2000).
4.) Romanesque churches of the Boi Valley (2000).
5.) Palace of Catalan Music and Santa Pau Hospital - works of a contemporary of Gaudi, architect Luis Domench i Montaner (2007).
6.) A number of caves, where the remains of prehistoric paintings were found, are part of the object referred to as: "Prehistoric Art of the Iberian Peninsula in the Mediterranean Zone" (1998).
And finally, the holiday Patum de Berg, in 2005 was included in the list of the oral and intangible heritage of Humanity.

TOP 10 attractions Catalonia.

1. Barcelona- the capital of Catalonia and one of most beautiful cities Mediterranean. Its current appearance is largely determined by the buildings of the Art Nouveau era, built according to the designs of Gaudi and his no less famous contemporaries - Domenech i Montaner, Puig i Cadafalch.
2. Tarragona- the capital of the ancient Roman province of Spain Siterior. The city is known for numerous monuments of the era of Roman rule. Near Tarragona is a well-preserved Triumphal Arch Roman period.
3. Montserrat- mountain formation, the name of which can be translated as "sawed mountain". One of the most revered places in Catalonia.
4. Poblet- a royal monastery founded by the monks of the Cister order. For a long period of time he served as the Pantheon of the Catalan-Aragonese dynasty.
5. Espot- the gateway to the wonderful world of the National Park "Aiguiestortes and Lago San Maurici".
6. Ripoll- the cradle of Catalonia. The founder of Catalonia, the legendary Gifre el Velos (Gifre the Hairy), is buried in the local cathedral.
7. Girona- the capital of the province of the same name and a city in which the past is closely intertwined with the present.

8. Cadaques and landscapes of Cape Crosses(Cap de Creus) - allow you to see the world of Salvador Dali with your own eyes.
9. Road between Tossa de Mar and Sant Fello de Guixols is an opportunity to admire magnificent landscapes Costa Brava.
10. "Port Aventura and Costa Caribe"- the largest in Spain and the second in Europe Amusement Park.

is one of the key areas. It is known all over the world as one of the best tourist destinations on the map of Europe, where you can experience the pleasure of a beach holiday and visit unique sights. For tourists from Russia, Catalonia is a proven option that has long established itself. When studying the map of Catalonia, many give their preference, among other directions, to the coasts and.

Barcelona is the capital autonomous community. The official languages ​​are: Catalan, Spanish, Aran. About seven million people live in Catalonia, some of whom are immigrants. Their share is gradually increasing, and now it is in the region of 7%.

The status defines it as one of the 17 autonomous regions of Spain. Having studied the north-east of the country, it can be found on the map. In the north, Catalonia borders on France, in the east it extends to the Mediterranean Sea. Catalonia on the map of Spain occupies an important position in terms of international economic relations.

The population of Catalonia is about 7.5 million people. Many mark Catalonia on the map of Spain due to comfortable climatic conditions, beautiful natural scenery and strong economic performance.

When determining the boundaries of the coasts of the Costa Dorada and Costa Brava, confusion regularly arises. According to tour operators from Russia, the Costa Brava is located in the north of Barcelona to the border with France. When studying a map of Catalonia, they determine that the Costa Dorada is the coast south of Barcelona and to the border with Valencia.

Western maps assign the status of the border between the coasts to the city of Blanes, which is located fifty kilometers north of the capital of Catalonia. When comparing cards, troubles arise. It is officially determined that the border of the territory of the Costa Brava on the map runs from Cape San Sebastian to Cape Creus, and the territory of the Costa Dorada - from Cape Tortosa to Cape San Sebastian.

The inhabitants of Catalonia are accustomed to a certain division, which has firmly entered their lives and seems to them more convenient. If real estate transactions are planned, it is better to use the standard Catalan division. This will avoid misunderstandings when communicating with local workers.

Borders of Catalonia on the map of Spain

The inhabitants of this autonomous region are accustomed to dividing the coast map into 4 "shores". The Costa Brava covers the territory between the cities of Roses and Blanes. For the Costa Maresme, land is allocated between the cities of Malgrat de Mar and Barcelona. The Costa Garraf section is located on the map between Barcelona and the municipality of Vilanova i la Geltru. And the Costa Dorada is concentrated between the municipality of Vilanova i la Geltru and the autonomous region of Valencia. This is how the locals define the borders of Catalonia on the map of Spain. It is advisable to be guided by this division when communicating with citizens of the autonomous region of Catalonia.

Of the important facts, it is worth noting that geographical map Catalonia is located in the northeastern part of the Iberian Peninsula. Administratively, this area is defined as an autonomous community.

The economic situation in Catalonia is a matter of pride

When studying official statistics, one can be convinced that Catalonia is the most important region for the country's economy. If we analyze the value of manufactured products, we can draw the following conclusion: 16% of the country's population produces 23% of the gross domestic product. Main production capacity located on the map near Barcelona, ​​where about 50% of the inhabitants of the autonomous region live and work. The tourism sector is of great importance for the development of Catalonia: every year about 16 million travelers from different corners peace.

Catalonia on the map of Spain is an autonomy. A separate advantage, emphasizing its status, is the presence of its own domain on the Internet (cat).

For the inhabitants of Russia, the name Catalonia has become familiar, in Spanish it is written as Cataluna, and is pronounced "Catalunya".

The Russian language introduces differences in the formation of adjectives associated with Catalonia. A suitable adjective that describes something directly related to the language is "

To get to know this part of the Iberian Peninsula better, look at the map of Catalonia. The region has clear contours against a general Spanish background: a triangle turned with its tip down will be the desired territory.

Let's get acquainted with the creation of cartographers from Google:

Convenient, functional. An excellent interactive option, which should be supplemented with several "static" counterparts, including in Russian:

These cards will come in handy when you won't be able to use the online options.

Separately, it is worth noting the physical map:

It shows how diverse Catalan nature is. Despite the relatively small area, the autonomy has the sea, mountains, and forests - almost everything that is required for recreation: active and beach. It is no coincidence that the flow of tourists is only increasing every year.

Where is Catalonia

Located in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula. Autonomy borders on France in the north, Aragon in the west and Valencia in the south. All East End The region is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea. The length of the coastline is 580 kilometers. You can evaluate its bends on this map of the coast:

The coast of Catalonia is world famous resorts. Costa Brava, Costa Dorada, Costa de Maresme - everyone has heard these names at least once in their life. And many on personal experience made sure that rest here is characterized only by superlatives.

You will soon find out for yourself!

This region is geographically and culturally very different from other regions of the country. Catalonia is a real state within a state, an autonomous region of Spain, where a resident of Castile or Andalusia is considered a foreigner. It was in this special area that the star of Salvador Dali and the brilliant Antonio Gaudí rose. Catalonia is famous for its vibrant nature: active travelers will find towering Pyrenees and golden beaches, a surreal volcanic park and verdant rice fields.

Catalonia on the map of Spain

In the north, the Pyrenees are the natural border of Catalonia with France and Andorra; in the west, Catalonia borders on the region of Aragon; in the southwest, on Valencia.

Capital of Catalonia

The capital of the autonomous community of Catalonia is the city.

Cities of Catalonia

In addition to Barcelona, ​​the significant cities of Catalonia are Lleida, Tarragona, Girona, Igualada, Manresa, Martorell, Sabadell and Terrassa.

Catalan

The Catalan language (català) is the language of the Catalans, which belongs to the Western Romance subgroup of the Romance languages, which is part of Indo-European family. In addition to Catalonia itself, it is spoken in Valencia, Balearic Islands, in France in the Eastern Pyrenees, Andorra and Italy on the island of Sardinia.

What to see in Catalonia?

The main attractions of Barcelona are the architectural creations of Gaudi, created in an unusual "wavy" style. Park Güell, Casa Batlló, Casa Mila, Sagrada Familia Cathedral change all ideas about traditional urban architecture. The city is famous for its markets, fashion boutiques, street performances.

Glamorous Barcelona sometimes overshadows other cities. Get off the beaten track hiking trail, visit ancient Girona, full of Catalan charm, where medieval quarters and the ruins of Roman temples have been preserved. In coastal Tarragona, you can combine beach holidays and excursions and taste delicious Mediterranean dishes. In Figueres there is a theater-museum of Salvador Dali, probably the most scandalous and mysterious artist of the 20th century.

Active holidays in Catalonia

Also, active tourism is very developed here. Along the picturesque valleys and mountains, there are more than a hundred kilometers of walking paths for cycling and horseback riding.

You will see green plains where wild goats graze, crystal clear clean rivers, waterfalls and ancient churches. Nature lovers will be able to watch birds and find a particularly rare and beautiful wild flower.

Beach holidays in Catalonia

Summer holidays in Catalonia can be spent on one of the golden beaches and. Many of them regularly receive the Blue Flag for the purity of the water, sand and excellent infrastructure.

Catalan Cuisine

Catalan cuisine is amazing! The sea gives people many types of delicious fish, shrimp and oysters.

The fertile plains abound with vineyards, olive groves and wild herbs. Try all 17 types of Catalan sausages, lamb and forest mushrooms. Interestingly, tapas, tiny snacks so loved throughout Spain, are not at all popular here. It is also worth buying a wonderful and inexpensive wine from the Penedès region, where winemaking traditions date back a thousand years.

Have a great holiday in Catalonia!

Many have heard about an unusual region in Spain - Catalonia, but not everyone can show on the map where it is located. Spain is enough big country, there are seventeen autonomous regions, the most famous are the Basque Country, Andalusia, Galicia and, of course, Catalonia.

Almost every region has something to see, where to go, because there are more than a thousand cultural and natural monuments throughout the country.

Sometimes tourists from one region go to another, only to enjoy other sights. They try to visit Catalonia first of all, because there is so much beauty here that you can’t find anywhere else.

Girona, Figueres - every city here is filled with colorful streets that have colorful atmosphere. It is this region that brings into our lives the main stereotypes and associations about the whole country.

In contact with

Where is Catalonia located?

And so, where to look for real Spanish comfort, where is this region located? Catalonia is located in the northeast. In the north there is a border with Andorra and France. It is washed by the Balearic Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, the length of the coast is about 580 kilometers. In the neighborhood are such regions as Aragon, Valencia.

The area of ​​the region is 32 thousand square kilometers, the region is divided into provinces - Lleida, Girona and Barcelona. Each province is full of tourists and attractions.

Take note: The capital of Catalonia is Barcelona - a city with a population of 2 million people, which is confirmed by Wikipedia. On the map of Spain, it occupies only a small part, but at the same time seven million people live in the entire region - this is the second largest region of the country.

All these people recognize three official languages- Catalan, Spanish and Occitan. Moreover, the Catalans like to emphasize that they do not speak Spanish, namely the Catalan language.

The northern part is more suitable for lovers of natural attractions, because there are National parks and nature reserves, such as the Pyrenees National Park.

Spain and Catalonia on the map

Finding Spain on the world map is easy! But finding Catalonia is already more difficult.

Catalonia is one of the most popular tourist regions for recreation, because there is the sea, culture, and nature, so if you are planning to come here, do not be too lazy to study the map of the region in detail. Usually everyone stops in Barcelona, ​​since from there you can easily get to neighboring cities.

Note: tourist season in Catalonia takes place all year round. Summers are dry and hot, while winters are mild with little rainfall. Favorable mediterranean climate allows the Catalans to grow olives, almonds, grapes, corn.

And it is also believed that it is here that the most delicious traditional food. Paella and jamon can be tasted both in the restaurant and in the market.

Map of Catalonia with cities in Russian

A Russian tourist, of course, will find it more convenient to use a map of Spain and Catalonia, where all roads, rivers and cities are signed in Russian. Most locals will be able to keep up a conversation in English, although they are very pleased when people can speak at least a little Spanish.

The sights of Barcelona attract many tourists, connoisseurs of culture come here to look at the Sagrada Familia, Park Güell and Tibidabo. And Gaudí's architecture will never let you go again, all these lines and angles create an amazing image of the building.

Throughout the region, nature is very beautiful, greenery everywhere, flowers even in autumn, incredible mountains and lakes.
You should definitely climb Mount Montserrat, visit Poblet Monastery, see Cathedral Girona and so on.

This region is quite expensive for recreation, but if you take tickets in advance, you can leave for only six thousand round trip from Moscow or St. Petersburg. Usually, airlines arrange sales in the off-season, and in summer and spring you can easily catch chartered flight at a favorable cost.

Map of Catalonia with resorts in Russian

The cleanest and warm sea is another reason to visit this particular region.
Many beaches are highly rated and are the best in all of Spain. The water temperature here is +15 even in December, although the Spaniards themselves do not swim.

The best resorts are:

There are also beaches in Barcelona itself. Here they hold parties, arrange events all year round, play sports and just meet friends.

Finding the right hotel with access to the sea or a private pool is not difficult. Catalonia is a developed region, so most of the inhabitants are employed in the service sector, which means that there will be no problems with housing. There are cheap hostels where an overnight stay starts from 15 euros. And you can pick up an affordable hotel 2-3 stars, where 1500-3000 rubles will come out per night.

For the richest, there are 5 star hotels that have the most best view to the sights or the beach. It is better to book all places in advance, at least two months before the intended trip, because new tourists come to Spain every day who are looking for better places.

Conclusion

Catalonia is an amazing region of Spain. At first glance, it may seem that this is a completely different country, although the map shows that this is not the case. They speak here in their own dialect, which is called the Catalan language, considering it to be primordially correct. It even has its own flag, coat of arms, anthem, why not a real country?

In addition, the residents themselves have repeatedly spoken out about separating from Spain, every few years they even hold a referendum here, but so far the majority is against this decision. All the main stereotypes and rumors about the country as a whole are, as a rule, the traditions of Catalonia.

National food, costumes, holidays and festivals - this is where modern Spanish culture came from. The Catalans themselves often answer the question about their nationality and answer: "Catalan". The people here are friendly and welcoming, men do not skimp on compliments, so the girls will be especially pleased to be here.

Catalonia arose in the 10th century, since then this region has experienced a lot. It was attacked by the Cathaginians, Romans, Alans and Visigoths, but the land managed to resist, the people proved that they were able to defend their territory.

Interesting fact: for all the time, Catalonia has been part of France, now it is part of Spain, although in the hearts of the locals they are still confident that someday they will be able to create their own independent, strong country.

Currently, the government of Catalonia has gained independence in many matters related to the economy and politics, although complete freedom they are not going to provide. One way or another, Catalonia is a valuable region of Spain that the state does not want to lose. Every year, large sums come from tourism to the treasury, so it is not profitable for the country to liberate Catalonia, although freedom has been granted to it.