Why you may not be allowed to go abroad. For what debts will they not be released abroad? And how to check them Why they won’t let you go abroad

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Since 2005, the law on enforcement proceedings has introduced a new measure of influence on defaulters- temporary restriction of travel abroad. On the eve of the FSSP, the number of debtors unable to travel has crossed a record mark of 2.3 billion people, and their number continues to grow. For example, in 2015, 782,000 people were unable to travel abroad, and in 2016 - already 2 million. Moreover, many of them learn unpleasant news immediately before departure. As a result, tickets and vouchers may be lost, and vacations may be lost. turn out to be spoiled. The easiest way to avoid this-pay everything on time. But what if this did not happen? Look for answers in simple cards "Pravo.ru".

Why can I be denied permission to leave?

Because you, within the period established by law, do not fulfill the requirements contained in the executive document issued on the basis of a judicial act (writ of execution) or which is a judicial act (court order). For example, you do not pay arrears on taxes or a fine imposed, do not repay a debt to a neighbor, or do not pay alimony to your ex-wife.

Moreover, you can become restricted from traveling abroad not only because of debts, but also by not fulfilling non-property requirements on time. For example, about reinstatement of an employee or administrative suspension of activities (if you are an individual entrepreneur), about eviction, and so on.

Bailiffs have the right to temporarily restrict travel not only on their own initiative, but also at the request of collectors, which they actively use.

But do not reassure yourself that restrictions can be imposed only after a court decision. This is wrong! Executive documents, for example, can be issued on the basis of a notarized agreement on the payment of alimony, certificates of the commission on labor disputes, acts of authorized bodies and officials in cases of administrative offenses, acts of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation and the Social Insurance Fund on the collection of debts on contributions from individual entrepreneurs, and so on (full see the list in Article 12 of the Law on Enforcement Proceedings). The only difference is that here the court must restrict you from traveling abroad, at the request of the bailiff or recoverer.

Most often, those who have payment debts are included in the lists of people not allowed to travel:

alimony

fines for administrative violations (mainly traffic rules)

debts on loans, credits, etc.

housing and communal services

pension contributions

How much debt must be required to become prohibited from traveling abroad?

Back in 2013, Vladimir Putin signed amendments to the law “On Enforcement Proceedings”, according to which travel can be restricted if the total amount of unfulfilled obligations exceeds 10,000 rub.

But in cases where you have accumulated several “hundred-ruble” fines, you should worry. In 2015, the Supreme Court, in a resolution of the Plenum "" (clause 48), explained that if each of the property claims unfulfilled by the debtor in the consolidated enforcement proceedings does not exceed 10,000 rubles, but in total they are more than this amount, then temporarily not allow such debtor abroad is permissible. That is, for example, if you have not paid four fines, each for 2,500 rubles, but the collection of each is confirmed by a court decision and a writ of execution (court order) issued on its basis, departure may be restricted.

Will they definitely not let me out?

No, not necessarily. Sometimes citizens whose debt exceeds hundreds of thousands calmly travel abroad. This is because a decision on certain restrictive measures is possible, but not mandatory, and the bailiff or the court makes it at their own discretion.

How long will this last?

The bailiff issues a ruling to restrict the debtor's travel abroad for a period of six months, but if you have not repaid the debt during this time, he can do this many more times.

When a court imposes a restriction, it, as a rule, does not determine specific deadlines, but prohibits foreign travel “until the fulfillment of obligations under enforcement proceedings,” says the lawyer Herman Kanevsky.

When can I try to leave again?

When the bailiff issues a ruling to end the enforcement proceedings, which will lift the restrictions imposed on you.

But don’t rush to rejoice! The cancellation procedure, as reported by the FSSP itself, now takes from 10 to 14 days.

Is there any way to make it faster?

In March, the head of the department, Dmitry Aristov, reduced this period to a day, with the opportunity to promptly pay the debt right at the airport before departure. In the meantime, you can speed up the process if a trip abroad is necessary for you or, for example, your relative whom you are accompanying, for medical reasons. In this case, you will need to provide the FSSP with a doctor’s certificate.

“Recently, on the eve of the holidays, FSSP employees began to be on duty at international airports, who urgently canceled decisions on travel restrictions for passengers, completely extinguishing x debt a few days before departure or paid it directly at the airport,-told Hermann Kanevsky . - ABOUT However, I would not advise debtors to hope for this, since organizing such duties-This is the right, not the duty of the bailiffs."

Will they let me out if I paid everything?

Is not a fact. It is not the bailiffs who do not allow you to go abroad, but the Border Service of the FSB of Russia, to which they transmit information about the occurrence or repayment of a debt, which also takes time. Remember that border guards, when not letting you out of the country, are guided by their own databases, so presenting them with a receipt for payment of debts or a resolution of the FSSP on lifting the restriction on leaving does not guarantee this very exit.

Before leaving, it is still better to make sure that you are not on the “black lists” of border guards. To do this, you can send a request through the website ps.fsb.ru. The response comes by email no earlier than 10-12 days from the date of sending.

How to avoid being included in the list of debtors?

“It must be remembered that there is a period for voluntary compliance with the bailiff’s request - 5 days from the date the debtor receives the order to initiate enforcement proceedings, and non-working days are not included in this period,”- reminds German Kanevsky, lawyer, chairman of the MCA "Kanevsky, Churgulia and Partners".

If you dealt with the debt before the date of initiation of enforcement proceedings, but it was still initiated against you, bring to the FSSP a payment receipt, on the basis of which the bailiff must cancel the decision he made.

I can't pay right now. What should I do?

“The debtor may apply for a deferment or installment plan for the execution of a judicial act, an act of another body or official to the court, another body or the official who issued the executive document,” says Art. 37 of the law on enforcement proceedings.

If such an application is satisfied, enforcement actions are suspended for the duration of the deferment or installment plan, which means that restrictive measures can be lifted.

How do I know if I'm a debtor?

Unfortunately, there is no database where data on debtors who cannot travel abroad is collected. However, when planning a trip, you can make sure in advance that enforcement proceedings have not been initiated against you. The FSSP recommends doing this in the following ways:

In the information service "Data Bank of Enforcement Proceedings" (BDIP) on the official website of the department or its territorial divisions

Using special FSSP applications for mobile devices and social networks “VKontakte” and “Odnoklassniki”. Moreover, here you can not only find out about the debt “looming” over you, but also subscribe to receive notifications about the appearance of new debt or about changes in an existing one

in the department section on the public services portal

by phone or in person at the bailiff department at the place of registration

I paid the debt, but it is in the database. Why?

Because information about debt repayment is entered into the internal information system of the FSSP only after funds have been received into the account of the bailiff department. And the record of the debt in the data bank is changed or deleted only after the funds have been distributed and transferred to the creditor. Typically this procedure takes from 3 to 7 days.

What if I didn't know about the debt?

This can happen if, for example, you intentionally or accidentally did not receive court notices or FSSP correspondence or changed your address. Meanwhile, reluctance to appear in court or repay debts does not relieve one from responsibility.

“In addition, when changing the address, it is the citizen who is responsible for notifying collectors, courts, bailiffs, and so on,-reminds me of a lawyer Kanevsky. -Otherwise, all correspondence will be sent to the last known address."

When does it make sense to complain?

Yes, when the bailiff, through his actions or, conversely, inaction, violated your rights, you can complain about him to the court or to a higher official. “You can appeal if, for example, the ban was issued by an unauthorized person, the amount of debt does not exceed 10,000 rubles, and so on,” adds a lawyer from the legal department Anastasia Khudyakova. “However, if such a ban was issued, then it is necessary to appeal the actions of the bailiffs before the trip, and not after.”

She also noted that at the end of last year, the ECHR declared illegal the actions of bailiffs to restrict the travel of debtors, since they violate the right to freedom of movement (ruling in the case “Cherepanov v. Russia” dated December 6, 2016, complaint No. 43614/14). “However, our country does not recognize such decisions, especially when there is a law restricting the right to leave,” the lawyer states.

If there really was a violation, you have the right to demand reimbursement of the cost of “burnt” air tickets and vouchers, as well as compensation for moral damages from the treasury of the Russian Federation, says Marina Kostina, lawyer of the legal group " ". Khudyakova clarifies that, according to established practice, the courts return money only in cases where the actions of the bailiffs were actually illegal, for example, if the ban was established unlawfully or its lifting was untimely. “In other cases, the courts do not establish guilt in the actions of the bailiff department and a cause-and-effect relationship between losses and their actions,” says the lawyer, citing as an example the appeal ruling of the Moscow City Court dated November 14, 2014 in case No. 33-45093. “In practice, there are also cases where bailiffs prematurely restrict travel, which is also illegal and entails the state’s obligation to reimburse the cost of the tour,” adds his colleague Herman Kanevsky.

“If you have a debt or other grounds for restricting travel, you can try to return the money spent, citing the bailiff’s failure to fulfill the obligation to notify of the relevant decision. But in the latter case, the chances of success are significantly less,” warns Kostina.

Are you planning to fly somewhere abroad for the May holidays? Will you be able to cross the border of the Motherland? According to the Federal Bailiff Service, about two and a half million Russians will not be able to implement their plans this year. Let's explain why.

If you have to, they don’t forgive

According to the latest data, the FSSP was issued by it and transferred to the FSB border service resolution on temporary restrictions on leaving Russia for 1 million 700 thousand citizens. Regarding yet The Service issued the corresponding decisions to 692.8 thousand debtors, but has not yet handed them over to the border guards. It means that Some fellow citizens have a good chance of paying off their debts and not having problems crossing the border.

Now let’s talk about who these people are, for whom clause 2 of Article 27 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which states: “Everyone can freely travel outside the Russian Federation,” ceases to apply.Of these 1 million 700 thousand Russians, 44% have debts in excess of 30 thousand rubles. to official creditors (42% - to banks, 1.5% - for loans from microfinance organizations). The rest have not paid housing and communal services, fines, taxes, etc. for the same amount or have arrears of alimony of more than 10 thousand rubles.

Almost 9 million people are at risk.

But these are just flowers. According to experts from the Home Money IFC, about 9 million more Russians are at risk. So many of our fellow citizens now have debts that are 90 days or more overdue to banks and microfinance organizations (MFOs).

Of these, 6.7 million have debts exceeding the same 30 thousand rubles that give the courts and the FSSP the right to issue decisions banning crossing the border. From October 1, 2017, legislators increased the debt threshold from 10 to 30 thousand rubles (except for alimony debt). And so there could be even more “disenfranchised”.

The lion's share of debtors deprived of the right to travel abroad are bank clients who owe a debt to a creditor. And this is understandable: according to statistics, the average amount of a consumer loan from a bank is more than 10 times higher than the “average bill” from an MFO.

What debtors need to know

In order to assess your chances of becoming “restricted to travel abroad”, you need to take into account the following circumstances. In case of debt to a bank or microfinance organization, the creditor can apply to the court for compensation immediately after a delay in payments occurs. If the court decides to forcefully collect the debt, the decision is transferred to the bailiffs. But it must be accompanied by a statement from the plaintiff and a petition to restrict the right to leave. Then the bailiff, in accordance with the law on enforcement proceedings, can issue a ruling on the temporary restriction of the debtor’s right to cross the border. In this case, the bailiff is first required to send the debtor a resolution to initiate enforcement proceedings, and citizens have five days to repay the debt.

If you have been issued an administrative fine (including for traffic violations), it must be paid within 60 days. Then the case goes directly to the FSSP and the service can go to court, which will assess the need to establish a travel ban. It is unlikely that the court will become involved with small amounts. But, if the debt on fines is large, justice may show principles.

The tax service is also no different. Therefore, information on tax arrears can accumulate for years. But if the tax authorities come to their senses, then the procedure, just as in the case of banks, will go through the courts.

The practice of limiting the right to travel for debtors is assessed by specialists associated with this area as very effective. In 2017, more than 61 billion rubles were collected from citizens restricted from traveling abroad, which is several times more than in previous years.

What to do for those going abroad

Control, control and more control. Although almost all procedures for relations between creditors and debtors imply written notifications of existing claims, but in an emergency situation, arguments that you did not receive anything from anyone will not be valid. Therefore, my advice is to check three weeks before your trip (or better yet, regularly) to see if you have any debts on the FSSP website ( https://fssprus.ru/iss/ip/ ) or in your personal account on the government services website. It must be remembered that Having debts does not mean that a travel ban has been imposed.

If you are caught, then you urgently need to pay the debt. This can also be done on the FSSP website using a bank card. Having repaid the debt, you must provide supporting documents to the bailiff, who will have to sign the order lifting the travel ban and send it to the border guards. According to the law on enforcement proceedings, this procedure can take from 10 to 14 days.

At the same time, everything here will depend on the integrity of the bailiff handling your case. Therefore, you will have to monitor it all the time. True, last year the leadership of the FSSP promised that from October 1, their interaction with the FSB would take place electronically, and the time to lift the ban could be reduced to a day. But promising does not mean getting married. Therefore, lawyers warn - The belief that you can pay your debts at the airport and fly away is a myth.

Possible errors

What if you paid off your debt a long time ago, you arrive at the airport and find out that no one thought to lift the travel ban? Can this happen and what should I do? Anything is possible. We have already mentioned that much depends on the conscientiousness of the bailiff in fulfilling his duties. If he forgot to send to the border service a resolution to cancel the travel ban against you, then this is sufficient grounds to try through the court to compensate for losses incurred as a result of dishonesty or mistakes of officials. And there are absolutely outrageous cases when the state tries to get from you what you absolutely do not owe it: erroneously issued fines, accrued taxes, debts on non-existent loans. Just remember: in these cases, you face a lengthy legal battle. And it’s unlikely that you’ll be able to go abroad for a few days before it ends.

Sergey Anisimov

Sometimes people who decide to go on holiday abroad, when going through passport control at the airport, are faced with the fact that the passport control officer refuses to let them out because they have an unsettled debt. Therefore, every person who is planning to go abroad should know for what reason he may not be allowed to go abroad at the airport in order to try to eliminate as quickly as possible the reasons that may not allow him to go on a well-deserved vacation.

Reasons why you may not be allowed to go abroad at the airport

Before purchasing a plane ticket to fly abroad, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the conditions in which you will not be allowed to go abroad.

Today, the bailiff service can prevent a citizen from traveling outside the Russian Federation for the following reasons:

• the presence of debt obligations, the amount of which exceeds 30 thousand rubles, and such debt may arise as a result of non-payment of housing and communal services, overdue mortgage loans, unpaid fines for violating traffic rules, tax or budget fees;
• the fact that there is a debt to pay alimony in excess of 10 thousand rubles, as well as debt obligations to pay material compensation for harm to health, moral harm, as well as harm caused as a result of actions that resulted in the death of the breadwinner;
• the presence of unpaid traffic police fines for any amount, provided that their number is more than ten;
• Also, bailiffs can, on their own initiative, restrict a citizen’s ability to move if he has an unpaid debt in the amount of 10 thousand rubles or more, if he refuses to pay it voluntarily within a two-month period.

The fact that a person has never taken out loans for himself, has not violated any rules and has not received a court summons is not a guarantee that passport control representatives cannot have certain questions about him. So, for example, there are frequent cases when a person, moving from one rented apartment to another, forgets to terminate the contract with the Internet provider, which leads to an increase in debt to the Internet operator, and subsequently this debt is transferred to the court and bailiffs. At the same time, delivery of a notification from bailiffs about a person’s debt is far from being a mandatory procedure.

Even those citizens who have never seen any notifications about their debt obligations may be banned from traveling abroad.

Other equally frequent situations include cases where a person really does not have any outstanding debts, but for some reason the tax authorities mistakenly charge mandatory tax payments in his name. If this situation is detected directly at the airport before boarding the plane, then it will not be possible to solve this problem on the spot, and the person will no longer be able to leave the borders of the Russian Federation.

Any erroneous decisions regarding the assessment of taxes, fees, as well as court injunctions can be challenged by sending a written complaint to the head of the higher organization that issued the ban on traveling abroad. In any case, it will take about ten days to consider such an application.

How to check online for a travel ban

Every citizen who is faced with a similar problem will probably want to know where they can check information about imposing a ban on leaving the country.

There are two ways to find out this information online:

• directly through the official website of the FSSP;
• using third-party web services, for example, through the paid website Nevylet.rf or any other similar alternative resource.

Using online services for these purposes is a convenient solution, as it allows you to get rid of the need to personally visit government services and stand in long lines in the corridors of the FSPP.

Through the FSSP website

In order to obtain information about the existence of a ban on leaving the country through the official web resource of the FSSP, first of all, you need to know that the website of this government body allows every citizen to find out whether enforcement proceedings have been initiated against him or not.

To obtain such information, you need to fill out a special form on this website indicating the citizen’s full name, date of birth, and you also need to select the place of registration.

After this, the system will provide the user with all current and completed enforcement proceedings, the reasons for their opening, their start and completion dates.

Important! Even if the FSPP website does not show any proceedings against a person, but he has actual debts, this does not mean that such a citizen will be able to freely fly outside the country, since there is a possibility that enforcement proceedings will be initiated directly before departure. Therefore, you should not be surprised if an airport employee refuses to let you board the plane.

other methods

If a person does not know what to do when he is not allowed to go abroad at the airport, then first he needs to find out the reason for imposing such a restriction, for example, using the web resource Nevylet.rf. This website will also be useful to those who do not know that they have any debts and enforcement proceedings opened on them, since this website publishes information about all proceedings from the moment of their registration. At the same time, on the FSSP website, data on new enforcement proceedings sometimes appear with a delay of up to 10-14 days, so using the FSSP website for such purposes is not the wisest decision.

Also, people often forget that they were once fined and did not pay the fine. In order to avoid any unpleasant situations at passport control, it is recommended to check information about existing debts before departure.

The Internet service Nevylet.rf provides the most complete information about open industries. The only drawback of this resource is that it is paid, and you will have to pay 300 rubles for one check. There are other similar web services on the Internet, but often the information on them is outdated, so they cannot be called reliable sources of information.

To conduct a check through such a site, it is enough to enter the person’s first and last name, as well as the series and number of his passport in the search field. After this, the system will provide comprehensive information about all existing proceedings, their start dates, as well as the amount of debt for fines, loans, and so on.

What can you do if there is a travel ban (departure)

If the FSSP has imposed a travel ban on a citizen, he has only two options for solving this problem, namely:

• if the amount of debt obligations in open court proceedings exceeds 30 thousand rubles, then such a debt must be repaid, since otherwise it will not be possible to leave the Russian Federation;
• if the court has not yet made any decision on the debt and its amount is less than 30 thousand rubles, then nothing can be done. But at the same time, there is a possibility that over time the debt may grow, and on subsequent trips the person will not be allowed through by the passport control officer. Therefore, you should pay off all your debts on time.

It should be remembered that often information about the repayment of debt and the closure of enforcement proceedings reaches the border services within two weeks, so it is recommended to pay off debts two to three weeks before the date of departure abroad.

Among the useful tips from lawyers that can be given to people planning to go on vacation to another country are the following recommendations:

• Before going to the border or to the airport to go through passport control, you should make sure in advance that the person does not have any debts or unresolved issues with the FSSP. To do this, you need to check your personal data on the official website of the FSSP or through other alternative Internet resources;
• if there are outstanding debt obligations, it is recommended to pay them at least 14 days before the departure date, since information about the closure of production by bailiffs can be transmitted to border services for about two weeks;
• you should not delay the payment of debts, especially when it comes to bank loans, taxes and budget fees, since delay will only lead to an increase in the debt burden due to the accrual of penalties;
• after the debt is repaid, you should get a certificate from the FSSP employee about the closure of enforcement proceedings at the airport.

If a citizen does not know what to do and how to pay off the existing debt, but he urgently needs to go to another country, then the right decision would be to contact an employee of the executive service, who will be able to explain all the nuances of repaying debt obligations, and will also provide a certificate of closure of proceedings , in case of debt payment.

Unexpected things happen when traveling, and it’s difficult to predict everything. But it certainly won’t hurt to at least make sure that when you leave the country you won’t be turned back home. Therefore, we tell you what reasons there are for refusal to cross the border for Belarusians and Ukrainians and how to find out in advance whether you are on the list of people prohibited from traveling abroad - this, by the way, is not necessarily related to politics.

Passport problems

Belarus

This is the first document for traveling abroad, so make sure that everything is in order with it: it is not expired, not damaged, not stained with grease and other stains, not covered with autographs of your favorite performers, and, of course, is not fake. Otherwise, there is a risk of staying at home.

After changing your last name, it is important to get a new passport within a month. After this short period of time, it will simply become invalid: you will not be allowed out of the country despite a valid visa in the same passport or tears that this is actually a honeymoon trip. Be sure to take care of changing your passport in advance, so that instead of a tour of Europe, you don’t end up traveling through Belarus from the border to the nearest populated area.

Ukraine

Ukrainians need to have a foreign passport with them to leave the country (they do not yet require it for trips to Belarus). By the way, it will be needed to enter the EU even after Ukraine finally cancels visas to the Schengen zone.

Financial debt

Ukraine

In Ukraine, on this point, everything is simple: if a person is a debtor by a court decision, leaving the country is temporarily restricted for him.

Belarus

Financial debts include taxes, loan payments, utility bills, and traffic police fines. If you have court orders or other documents about debts that remained unpaid before leaving, you are unlikely to be allowed to cross the border. But don’t worry, if, for example, you just took out a loan and pay it off regularly every month, everything is fine. The main thing is not to lead to court decisions.

Another reason from the financial field is processes related to bankruptcy. Participants in such processes are not allowed to leave Belarus.

As for Decree No. 3, everything is still vague. At first it was reported that everyone who received a notice but did not pay the tax would not be able to leave the country. The Decree has now been suspended.

Army

All Belarusians who evade military service by conscription will have to actively develop their skills until the age of 27. For example, you received a summons, but, having ignored it, never showed up at the appointed place at the specified time. In this case, there is every chance of being included in the travel ban list. Look for more detailed information on this item. There is no such item in the Ukrainian list of reasons why people may not be allowed to leave the country.

Problems with law

Belarus

Before your trip, make sure that you are not in any trouble with the law. Those who are facing a civil lawsuit in court will not be allowed to leave the borders of Belarus; those who are suspected or accused in a criminal case and those who are currently convicted of a crime.

Also, people who are temporarily under preventive supervision should not try to leave Sineokaya - this is the kind of surveillance that is usually established for potential criminals, most often after leaving prison.

Ukraine

Those convicted of criminal offenses and those who have been prohibited from leaving by court order due to offenses are not released from Ukraine.

State affairs

Anyone who knows state secrets has no right to leave both Belarus and Ukraine. The period for which in this case one cannot leave the country is established in a special decision. It is obvious that these people themselves know that they are restricted from traveling abroad.

Another reason for the turnaround at the border is being on preventive registration with the state security agencies of Belarus. This is largely a political issue, and for some it may come as an unpleasant surprise when leaving the country. There is no such preventive accounting in Ukraine.

How can I find out in advance whether I will be allowed to go abroad?

Belarus

In Belarus, there is a simple procedure for this: you need to go to the citizenship and migration department at your place of residence with a passport and ask to look for yourself in the database of those restricted from traveling abroad. This is done immediately on the spot, and OGIM employees have no right to refuse. There you can get a certificate stating that you are traveling or traveling abroad. But keep in mind that the database is updated every day - that is, theoretically today you are not in the database, but tomorrow you can appear there. And the certificate will not help in this case. But, if everything is in order with all of the above points, such a scenario is very unlikely.

Kostya carefully planned his vacation: in the morning they lie on the beach, after a sleepy hour, and in the evening - excursions. Or a bar. But already at the airport I was disappointed. After the check, Kostya was not allowed on board - all because of unpaid fines from two years ago, which he forgot about. Result: the plane took off without Kostya. The wife is angry, the child is crying.

There are millions of people like Kostya. No kidding. By the summer of 2017, 1.6 million people in Russia were restricted from traveling abroad. Of these, about 350,000 are alimony debtors. Of those who tried, 12,000 people were deployed at the border at the airport in just 3 summer months.

Don't want to be like Kostya? Before your trip, check with the FSPP to see if you have forgotten to pay off your loan, fines or taxes.

Who will definitely not be allowed abroad:

1. Convicted of a crime of any kind, if a guilty verdict is passed by the court.
2. Conscripts into the army and contract soldiers without the permission of the commander. The exception is conscripts who have a deferment or exemption from conscription.
3. FSB employees, only if a report on lifting the restriction on travel during vacation has not been submitted in advance.
4. Persons under suspicion of committing a crime until the criminal case is closed and the charges are dropped.
5. Citizens with access to state secrets. After working with classified documents, 5 or more years must pass (depending on the degree of secrecy) for the travel restriction to be lifted.
6. Tourists who provide deliberately false information about themselves in order to obtain a visa. The limitation period is 1 month.
7. Debtors and those who avoid obligations imposed by the court. A decision on a travel ban is made by a bailiff. He disposes of the ban at his own discretion - he may not restrict travel to a person with large accumulated debts, and issue a ban to someone who for the first time slightly exceeded the established debt threshold.

Why bailiffs may not allow you to go abroad in 2018

• accumulated debts above 30,000 rubles for mortgages, parking, loans, traffic police fines, housing and communal services, unpaid taxes;
• debts exceeding 10,000 rubles for unpaid alimony, compensation for harm to health, moral harm due to a crime, recovery of property damage, harm in connection with the death of the breadwinner;
• unpaid fines for traffic violations for any amount in the amount of more than 10 pieces;
• any debts over 10,000 rubles, if they are not paid within the voluntary repayment period (usually 2 months) - the bailiff has the right to restrict the debtor’s right to travel on his own initiative.

Even if you have never taken out a loan, received a subpoena or appeared in police reports, this does not mean that there will definitely not be claims against you at the border. For example, you could enter into an agreement with an Internet company, move to another apartment, but the agreement is not terminated - the debt to pay for the Internet grows, the case is sent to court, and you don’t even know. Delivery of a debt notice to you personally is a completely optional procedure. Exit may also be restricted for someone who has not seen the notifications at all (except in cases of debt to banks).

Another option: you really don’t have any debts, but the tax office erroneously charges mandatory payments (for example, transport or land tax for property that has already been sold). If an error is discovered only at the airport, then there is no time to fix it.

An erroneous decision on taxes and injunctions can be challenged by filing a complaint with the higher authorities of the authority that issued the injunction. The application will be considered in about 10 days.

What to do before your trip to avoid being left behind

1. Check your fines and debts. To do this, you can use the bailiffs website, the official website of the Tax Service of the Russian Federation, the State Services portal to check traffic police fines, or unofficial services rosdolgi.ru, www.dolgi.ru.

2. If you have a debt, pay the maximum possible amount as soon as possible in order to reduce the debt to 9,900 rubles.

3. Recheck your debt information. The period for lifting the travel ban has been reduced since October 2017 - now you will be able to travel abroad within 24 hours after payment (as soon as information about this is in the State Information System on State and Municipal Payments).

IMPORTANT! If you have ever been a debtor and paid off the debt, but are afraid that the travel ban has not been lifted from you, check before traveling on the FSSP website. Receipts of payment and oaths that you have paid for everything will not help at the border. They are guided by a database of bailiffs. The border guard cannot and does not have the right to make changes to this database.

If you are unable to pay your debts, but you have a desire to go on vacation, you can appeal the ban in court. To do this, you need to write an application to defer the execution of the court decision and submit it to the court that made the decision. A positive result is possible only if the reason for traveling abroad is compelling: for example, treatment in a sanatorium for medical reasons, accompanying a child who is indicated for a holiday in this particular country and in this hotel. Please note that the application will take a month or more to be considered - so plan ahead.

What to do if it suddenly turns out at the border that you have debts

More often than not, nothing can be done. It doesn’t matter if there was a mistake or you really didn’t pay your debts. It happens that bailiffs prohibit namesakes of debtors from traveling, forget to lift the ban in the database, and tax officials mistakenly charge payments. Such cases are rare, but they do exist. Therefore - we repeat once again - You need to check the information in advance, a month before departure.

If you were not included on the list by chance, and you have money with you to pay off your debts, you may be lucky. At some airports (Domodedovo, Sheremetyevo, Pulkovo) they sometimes hold promotions and open 24-hour mobile bailiff offices - for example, this was the case during the New Year and May holidays in 2017. Then tourists could quickly pay off their debts at the office. But even in this case, you may not be able to fly away: information does not reach the border service instantly, but within 24 hours. You will only be lucky if the bailiff manually removes the entry ban from the database.

Maybe try to cheat the system?

An inquisitive mind will always find a loophole in the law. And he will go on vacation to Turkey or Thailand, even if the authorities have prohibited it. Some citizens, even with huge debts, manage to calmly leave the country through Belarus, almost without breaking the law. Why "almost"? Because it's still illegal even if you don't get caught.

The fact is that at the border travelers are not “punched” through the bases. Border guards look at the passport and check its authenticity, but there are no checks through the FSPP. That is, in fact, a person with a debt can come to Belarus, and from there fly anywhere - if only he had a visa. For several years now, the authorities of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus have been promising to create a common base against which they will check debtors. But while this is not the case, travelers are taking advantage of a not entirely legal loophole.

If you dare to fly like this, then keep in mind: if you get caught, your passport may be confiscated until restrictions on exit are lifted (according to Article 18 of the Federal Law “On the procedure for leaving the Russian Federation and entering the Russian Federation”). And then don’t say that we didn’t warn you!

How can you be sure that you will be allowed to go abroad? If you are not a government employee with access to secret data, are not under investigation and regularly pay your loan, then there is no reason to worry. Just in case, check your data in the FSSP database and calmly plan your vacation.