Statuses of higher educational institutions of Russia. Universities in Russia

Status of higher and secondary educational institutions.

What is the status of an educational institution?

Each educational institution has a state status, which is assigned (and subsequently confirmed every five years by the accreditation board of the Federal Service for Supervision in Education and Science) during a comprehensive assessment of the activities of an educational institution of higher or secondary vocational education. status in without fail is included in the name of the university or college and is reflected in the Charter and the certificate of state accreditation.

Let us consider what is the difference between an institute, an academy and a university.

There are three types of higher education institutions in Russia: institute, academy and university.

In order for an educational institution to be called an institute, it is enough for it to train students in at least one specialty and to engage in its own scientific work. Sometimes the institute conducts an accreditation procedure for one specialty, and for the rest it trains specialists on the basis of a license alone.

If an educational institution has the status of an academy, then it trains specialists in one field of activity. All specialties of the academy belong to any one branch. This is most often reflected in the name of the academy. For example: academy physical education, Agricultural Academy, Tourism Academy, Textile Academy, Railway Transport Academy.

The university covers a wide range of specialties from different fields of science. In an educational institution that has been granted the status of a university, humanitarian and technical faculties may coexist. Within the walls of one university students-economists, chemists and future musicians can study.

Such a clear gradation is typical mainly for state universities. Non-state educational institutions often, trying to rise above their competitors, artificially inflate their status. For example, the "Modern Humanitarian University" was forced to change its name to the "Modern Humanitarian Academy". Also not state universities more often use the phrase "high school" in the title. However, accredited non-state educational organizations at the same time try to add a valid status to the name in brackets. For example: “Higher Humanitarian School. Dubnova (Institute).

It happens that public universities, which, having existed for many years, are no longer worried about losing their weight in the eyes of applicants. These are established educational institutions, the name of which has long been familiar to everyone. When raising the status at the accreditation board, such universities, in order not to lose recognition, retain the old name, to which a postscript (university) is added in brackets. For example: "Moscow aviation institute(State Technical University)" or "Moscow State Institute of Radio Engineering, Electronics and Automation (Technical University)". Or vice versa, they keep the familiar abbreviation of the old name. For example: "Moscow State University Economics, Statistics and Informatics (MESI)”, or “Moscow State Technical University “MAMI”.

But, despite all these differences, the legislation does not provide for any benefits, advantages or restrictions for graduates of educational organizations of different status. For a student of a higher educational institution, the presence of state accreditation is more important than status.

Educational institutions of secondary vocational education also have a gradation by status. This is a technical school and a college.

The college differs from the technical school in that it trains specialists not only at the basic level, but also at an advanced level. That is, in the appendix to the certificate of accreditation of the college, at least one program must be indicated, according to which specialists of an advanced level are trained. For example, with the assignment of qualifications not “technician”, but “senior technician”.

An advanced level qualification gives a college graduate the opportunity to continue their education in a higher educational institution of the corresponding profile according to an abbreviated program, with the transfer of those disciplines that were taught in the college to the extent that is provided for their study in institutions of higher professional education.

Applicants of past years did not really believe that any university is really a university, and an academy is really an academy. Ask for a license in a steely voice, learn about accreditation and not confuse one with the other - that, it seemed to them, was a guarantee of the university's status being true! The current situation is such that if the university survives, then it will have a license and accreditation. Lists of universities deprived of all this began to appear in the news. These lists are still small. And even if the Minister of Education even said that the number of universities might increase, but hardly anyone noticed these words. Why? There are just a lot of universities, a large percentage of them are called weak, they are waiting for a scheduled inspection - and they are afraid of closing. Moreover, the demographic situation let us down; if students do not come to the first year - the failed alma mater will cease to exist.

In order to survive, universities want to unite into something university-like. But if there are, say, 5 universities in a city, all of them are specialized and different, then unification here is almost impossible ... And simultaneously with such a spontaneous process, new statuses of universities arise - already by legislative means.

Different statuses of universities sometimes imply completely different educational paths and opportunities. One and the same university, especially if it is very strong, can have several diverse statuses. And it depends on you how reasonably you will be able to use the resources of the university provided by its new status when receiving an education.

Autonomous university. This status will be given to a significant part of Russian universities; it implies freedom and the right to dispose of extrabudgetary funds. Such universities will be managed by a supervisory board, one third consisting of representatives of the university itself, and the remaining two thirds - of employers, officials and the public. The rector will be equated with a hired manager. The idea is that at the output, the employer should get a specialist who exactly meets the requirements of a modern company.

Academy. Stay tuned for updates from the Ministry of Education and Science: Academies are about to be redefined. For reference: earlier, an academy was considered a university that, unlike a classical university, was a leader in only one field of science. Therefore, it turned out that a larger percentage of scientists came out of the walls of the academies than from the walls of the university.

Institute. So only 150 universities of regional significance will be called. Since, according to officials' forecasts, only the best universities will receive state funding in the future, the possibility of getting state-funded education at institutes remains in question. Although they say that the number of state-funded places in universities throughout the country as a whole will not decrease.

Master's University. This is a university specializing in the preparation of masters. The HSE plans to become the first master's university in Russia.

Scientific and educational center. These are only 2 universities - Moscow State University and St. Petersburg State University. They have recently gained the right to develop their own curricula.

National Research University. This status was invented by the founder of Stanford University (USA), but in Russia they started talking about national research universities only in 2008. These are Moscow State University, St. Petersburg State University, Federal Technological University on the basis of MISiS, Federal Nuclear University on the basis of MEPhI... Not the whole list has been formed yet, but you have already read almost half of it. Rector of Moscow State University V. Sadovnichiy suggests that MSTU im. N. E. Bauman, and also the Polytechnic and Mining Universities of St. Petersburg. It is recommended to enter these universities for those who from the first year plan to be involved in serious scientific work, by the end of their studies at the university they want to become the author of several dozen scientific articles, and throughout their career they will conduct research that has importance For Russia. This will make it possible to create a strong scientific school (or a number of schools) of the university and its programs formed on a scientific basis.

Olympic University. The Russian International Olympic University (RIOU) will open in 2012 in Sochi. This information may be useful to you already for the second higher education, if you want to become a professional in the field of international sports management. What do you think, does this university have a special status if it is planned to create departments in accordance with the Olympic functions, if its students will represent 205 national Olympic committees, if there will be Olympic champions among the teachers, and if the practice will coincide with the 2014 Games? Undoubtedly.

especially valuable object cultural heritage peoples of the Russian Federation. This status was originally invented not for universities, but nevertheless 10 of them have it. Three of them are in Moscow (Moscow State University, Moscow State Technical University named after N. E. Bauman, RSAU (MSHA) named after K. A. Timiryazev), four are in St. Petersburg (St. Petersburg State University, Military Medical Academy named after S. M. Kirov, Russian State Pedagogical University named after A. I. Herzen, St. Petersburg State Mining Institute named after G. V. Plekhanov), one in Kazan (university) and two in Tomsk (university and polytechnic university). The territory of such universities is under state protection. Here the walls help to learn.

Applied Bachelor. Introduced from the upcoming academic year on the basis of secondary educational institutions. This is an option for those who, perhaps, do not have enough stars from the sky, but want to have a higher education, a serious profession and a high salary. Already in the very idea of such a status of educational institutions lies the desire to offer a worthy answer to the request of industrial enterprises that need highly qualified employees. Which? Now in short supply, say, welders with knowledge modern technologies work.

University. Soon there will be about 450 less. And to the question of what a university is, there will be a new answer - a new one, since new rules are being developed, according to which universities, academies and institutes will be distinguished. Those who are going to any university, the name of which is not given on these pages, should consider the option that you will enter, maybe at the university, but graduate - perhaps already from the institute.

Federal university. There are only 2 of them - Moscow State University and St. Petersburg State University. They may not be subject to state standards for education. Their budget is expected to double. They will be able to create enterprises, launch innovative projects - and these, if you think about the future, are unique jobs. Over time, about 55 universities will become federal, which will receive maximum state financial support.

Federal University. They were invented by President Medvedev - and news agencies have already called them new types of educational institutions. The idea is this: for one federal district- one federal university. And each university "sticks together" from a classical university and, say, a technical one.

The Siberian Federal University in Krasnoyarsk was created by combining four universities, Yuzhny in Rostov combined two. These are real universities, they already exist, you can go there. Next in line is the creation of the Far Eastern State University in Vladivostok. Voronezh, Yekaterinburg, Kazan and Kaliningrad would also like to create such universities, but they are only entitled to submit an appropriate application. So those of you who go to the best universities in these cities may, during your student years, suddenly find yourself in the ranks of students of federal universities - or you may not. It is expected that in 2015 the training programs will receive international accreditation, and diplomas of graduates - international recognition.

higher education institution (abbreviated university, in accordance with the norms of the Russian language is written in lowercase letters) - an educational institution that provides higher professional education.

Distinguish public and private universities. The university may have branches and representative offices in other localities.

Every higher education institution has charter and is an autonomous subject of legal relations. The university must have license which gives the right to educational activities. In order to have the right to issue diplomas to university graduates state sample, the university should be accredited(accreditation is given to the university, as a rule, after attestation). Education at a university, as a rule, lasts from 4 to 6 years and is full-time (full-time), evening (part-time), part-time. The most common forms of education are classroom and distance learning.

Types of higher education institutions

Currently, higher education institutions Russian Federation are divided into three types:

university — multidisciplinary educational institution with great choice curricula in various fields of knowledge.

academy- trains a wide range of specialists in any area of human activity (agriculture, health care, art, tourism, economics, finance, etc.).
Institute- is engaged in the preparation of specialists for work in a certain area of professional activity.

Difference between institute, academy and university

In order for an educational institution to be called an institute, it is enough for it to train students at least in one specialty and engage in their own scientific work. Sometimes the institute conducts an accreditation procedure for one specialty, and for the rest it trains specialists on the basis of a license alone.

If an educational institution has the status of an academy, then it trains specialists in one field of activity. All specialties of the academy belong to any one branch. This is most often reflected in the name of the academy. For example: academy of physical culture, academy of agriculture, academy of tourism, academy of textiles, academy of railway transport.

The university covers a wide range of specialties from different fields of science. In an educational institution that has been granted the status of a university, humanitarian and technical faculties may coexist. Within the walls of one university students-economists, chemists and future musicians can study.

Such a clear gradation is characteristic mainly for state universities. Non-state educational institutions often, trying to rise above their competitors, artificially inflate their status. For example, the "Modern Humanitarian University" was forced to change its name to the "Modern Humanitarian Academy". Also, non-state universities often use the phrase “higher school” in the name. However, accredited non-state educational organizations at the same time try to add a valid status to the name in brackets. For example: “Higher Humanitarian School. Dubnova (Institute).

It happens that public universities, which, having existed for many years, are no longer worried about losing their weight in the eyes of applicants. These are established educational institutions, the name of which has long been familiar to everyone. When raising the status at the accreditation board, such universities, in order not to lose recognition, retain the old name, to which a postscript (university) is added in brackets. For example: "Moscow Aviation Institute (State Technical University)" or "Moscow State Institute of Radio Engineering, Electronics and Automation (Technical University)". Or vice versa, they keep the familiar abbreviation of the old name. For example: "Moscow State University of Economics, Statistics and Informatics (MESI)", or "Moscow State Technical University" MAMI ".

Structure of higher education institutions

Head of a higher education institution rector, his deputies in various areas of work are vice-rectors who solve operational and tactical issues of the university. Strategic issues of university development are usually solved by its Academic Council.

Main divisions of higher education institutions

Faculty- an educational, scientific and administrative structural unit of a higher educational institution that trains students and graduate students in one or more related specialties, improves the skills of specialists, and also manages the research activities of the departments that it unites. In universities and academies, individual faculties can function as intra-university institutions.
department- a unit that trains students within a certain specialization.

PhD- a specialized subdivision of a university or research institution for the training of highly qualified teaching and scientific personnel - candidates of sciences.

Doctorate- a specialized subdivision of a university or research institution for the training of highly qualified teaching and scientific personnel - doctors of sciences.
Preparatory Courses (Preparatory Department) designed for group additional training applicants in major disciplines before the entrance exams to the university.

The structure of a higher education institution may include libraries, computer centers, pilot plants, agricultural lands, clinics, research institutes, etc. Many higher education institutions publish their own newspapers.